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Fast Multiplication Techniques

fast multiplication techniques for competitive exams

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SANJIB
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25 views4 pages

Fast Multiplication Techniques

fast multiplication techniques for competitive exams

Uploaded by

SANJIB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/5/24, 11:57 AM Fast Multiplication Techniques

CATEGORY 1: Multiplying by Specific Numbers

1. Multiplying by 5

Shortcut: Divide by 2, then multiply by 10.


Example: 68 × 5 = 68 ÷ 2 = 3468×5=68÷2=34, then 34 × 10 = 340
34×10=340.

2. Multiplying by 9

Shortcut: Multiply by 10, then subtract the original number.


Example: 43 × 9 = 43 × 10 − 43 = 430 − 43 = 387
43×9=43×10−43=430−43=387.

3. Multiplying by 11

Shortcut for Two-Digit Numbers:


1. Add the digits of the number.
2. Place the sum between the digits.
Example: 54 × 11 = 5 ( 5 + 4 ) 4 = 59454×11=5(5+4)4=594.
For larger numbers, apply digit-by-digit shifting.

4. Multiplying by Powers of 2

Double the number for each power of 2:


Example: 23 × 16 = ( ( ( 23 × 2 ) × 2 ) × 2 ) × 2 = 36823×16=
(((23×2)×2)×2)×2=368.

5. Multiplying by Numbers Ending in Zero

Ignore the zeros, multiply the rest, then add the zeros back.
Example: 300 × 40 = ( 3 × 4 ) 300×40=(3×4) and append three zeros:
12 , 00012,000.

CATEGORY 2: Numbers Near Base (10, 100, etc.)

6. Numbers Close to 100


2 2
Use ( 𝑎 + 𝑏 ) ( 𝑎 − 𝑏 ) = 𝑎 − 𝑏 (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2:
Example:
2 2
97 × 103 = ( 100 − 3 ) ( 100 + 3 ) = 100 − 3 = 10 , 000 − 9 = 9 , 991
97×103=(100−3)(100+3)=1002−32=10,000−9=9,991.

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12/5/24, 11:57 AM Fast Multiplication Techniques

7. Numbers Near Powers of 10


2
For ( 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝑥 ) ( 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝑦 ) = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 ) + 𝑥𝑦(base+x)
(base+y)=base2+base(x+y)+xy:
2
Example: 108 × 112 = 100 + 100 ( 8 + 12 ) + ( 8 × 12 ) = 12 , 096
108×112=1002+100(8+12)+(8×12)=12,096.

CATEGORY 3: Vedic Math Techniques

8. Vertically and Crosswise Method

Multiply diagonally and vertically for two numbers:


Example:
23 × 45 = ( 2 × 4 ) ∥ ( 2 × 5 + 3 × 4 ) ∥ ( 3 × 5 ) = 900 + 350 + 15 = 1035
23×45=(2×4)∥(2×5+3×4)∥(3×5)=900+350+15=1035.

9. Multiplication Using Base and Deviations

Use deviations from a base:


Example:
104 × 97 = 100 + ( 4 + ( − 3 ) ) + ( 4 × − 3 ) = 10000 − 12 = 9 , 988
104×97=100+(4+(−3))+(4×−3)=10000−12=9,988.

CATEGORY 4: Advanced Patterns

10. Squaring Numbers Ending in 5


2
Formula: 𝑛 = ( 𝑎 × ( 𝑎 + 1 ) ) + 25n2=(a×(a+1))+25, where 𝑎a is the first
part of the number.
2
Example: 35 = 3 × 4 = 12 , append 25 : 1225
352=3×4=12, append 25:1225.

11. Squaring Any Two-Digit Number


2 2 2
Use ( 𝑎 + 𝑏 ) = 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2:
2 2 2
Example: 43 = 40 + 2 ( 40 ) ( 3 ) + 3 = 1600 + 240 + 9 = 1849
432=402+2(40)(3)+32=1600+240+9=1849.

12. Multiplying Two Numbers Just Below or Above 50

Formula: ( 50 − 𝑎 ) ( 50 − 𝑏 ) = 2500 − 50 ( 𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + 𝑎𝑏(50−a)


(50−b)=2500−50(a+b)+ab:
Example: 46 × 48 = 2500 − 50 ( 6 + 8 ) + ( 6 × 8 ) = 2208
46×48=2500−50(6+8)+(6×8)=2208.

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CATEGORY 5: Distributive Techniques

13. Breaking Down Numbers for Simplicity

Example: 64 × 57 = ( 64 × 50 ) + ( 64 × 7 ) = 3200 + 448 = 364864×57=


(64×50)+(64×7)=3200+448=3648.

14. Chunking Large Numbers

Example: 234 × 567 = ( 234 × 500 ) + ( 234 × 60 ) + ( 234 × 7 )


234×567=(234×500)+(234×60)+(234×7).

CATEGORY 6: Digit Manipulation

15. Doubling and Halving

Double one number and halve the other for easier calculation:
Example: 32 × 25 = ( 16 × 50 ) = 80032×25=(16×50)=800.

16. Multiplication of Fractions

Simplify and multiply directly.


Example: 3/5 × 25 = 153/5×25=15.

CATEGORY 7: Special Multiplications

17. Multiplying by 99, 999, etc.

Subtract the number from 100 , 1000 , etc.100,1000,etc.:


Example: 87 × 99 = ( 87 × 100 ) − 87 = 8700 − 87 = 861387×99=
(87×100)−87=8700−87=8613.

18. Multiplying Numbers with Recurring Decimals

Example: 0.333 × 9 = ( 1/3 × 9 ) = 30.333×9=(1/3×9)=3.

19. Multiplying by 15

Shortcut: Multiply by 10 and add half the number.


Example: 46 × 15 = 460 + 230 = 69046×15=460+230=690.

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CATEGORY 8: Multiplication Tricks for Specific Cases

20. Multiplication by 1.25, 1.5, etc.

Convert to fractions:
Example: 64 × 1.25 = 64 × 5/4 = 8064×1.25=64×5/4=80.

21. Multiplying by Two Numbers with a Common Base


2 2
Use 𝑎 − 𝑏 a2−b2:
2 2
Example: ( 12 + 2 ) ( 12 − 2 ) = 12 − 2 = 144 − 4 = 140(12+2)
(12−2)=122−22=144−4=140.

22. Multiplying Mixed Numbers

Convert to improper fractions, then multiply.


1 2 7 22 154
Example: 2 3 × 4 5 = 3
× 5
= 15
= 10.27231​×452​=37​×522​=15154​
=10.27.

CATEGORY 9: Techniques for Large Numbers

23. Fast Approximation

Round numbers, multiply, and adjust:


Example: 498 × 102 = ( 500 × 102 ) − ( 2 × 102 ) = 50 , 796
498×102=(500×102)−(2×102)=50,796.

24. Multiplication by Complementary Numbers

For ( 𝑎 ) ( 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) = ( 𝑎 × 𝑏 ) + ( 𝑎 × 𝑐 ) (a)(b+c)=(a×b)+(a×c):
Example: 54 × 106 = ( 54 × 100 ) + ( 54 × 6 ) 54×106=(54×100)+
(54×6).

CATEGORY 10: Other Advanced Techniques

25. Cross Multiplication

Multiply diagonally and sum:


Example: 23 × 4523×45:
1. Multiply 2 × 5 = 102×5=10, 4 × 3 = 124×3=12.
2. Sum 1000 + 20 = 10201000+20=1020.

With practice, these techniques will drastically cut down your calculation time during
exams. Let me know if you’d like examples or drills!

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