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Toxic o Kinetics

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Samia Basharat
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21 views2 pages

Toxic o Kinetics

Uploaded by

Samia Basharat
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TOXICOkINETICS

Introduction
Toxico-kinetics refers to the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, biotransformation and
excretion of toxicants and xenobiotics in relation to time. It is the measurement and modelling of
movement of toxic substances, chemicals, heavy metals as well as drugs. The toxic kinetics is often
related with pharmacokinetics.

Epithelial barriers and cellular barriers which distinct internal organs and tissues are permeable to
various types of chemicals as well as toxicants. The penetration of these toxicant is triggered by the
permeability of these physiological barriers. Thus these harmful toxins are absorbed through ingestion
and dermal contact. The degree of severe effects of a toxicant depends upon the rate and extent of
chemical being absorbed in the body. Distribution to susceptible organs, tissues and specific interactions
with biological targets.

Examples:
Lead
Daily exposure to lead acetate for two weeks in pregnant women causes pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Anemia may also develop due to lead poisoning. (1)

Low levels of lead exposure causes immunosuppression. (2)

Chromium
Present in earth crust, seawater and also eliminated through industrial processes. (3)

Continuous exposure to chromium results in growth of cancer cells in many organs such as lungs larynx,
bladder, kidney testicular b one and thyroid cancer in humans. (4)

In 2012 ecological studies reveal that by drinking ground water contaminated with Cr results in GI and
dermatological complications.(5)

Furthermore high levels of chromium leads to DNA damage and genomic instability. (6)
FIGURE: Oxidative stress and organ toxicity following exposure to heavy metals.

References:
 Mense, S. M., and Zhang, L. (2006). Heme: a versatile signaling molecule controlling the activities
of diverse regulators ranging from transcription factors to MAP kinases. Cell Res. 16 (8), 681–
692. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7310086
 Mishra, K. P. (2009). Lead exposure and its impact on immune system: a review. Toxicol. In Vitro
23 (6), 969–972. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.014
 Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., and Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and
the environment. Mol. Clin. Environ. Toxicol. 101, 133–164. doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6
 Ding, W., Liu, W., Cooper, K. L., Qin, X.-J., de Souza Bergo, P. L., Hudson, L. G., et al. (2009).
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 by arsenite interferes with repair of oxidative DNA
damage. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (11), 6809–6817. doi:10.1074/jbc.m805566200
 Sharma, P., Bihari, V., Agarwal, S. K., Verma, V., Kesavachandran, C. N., Pangtey, B. S., et al.
(2012). Groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]: a health survey and
clinical examination of community inhabitants (Kanpur, India). PLoS One 7 (10), e47877.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047877
 Pavesi, T., and Moreira, J. C. (2020). Mechanisms and individuality in chromium toxicity in
humans. J. Appl. Toxicol. 40, 1183–1197. doi:10.1002/jat.3965

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