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Truss Method of Joint

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18 views19 pages

Truss Method of Joint

Uploaded by

victusboy4205
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural Analysis: Plane Truss

Truss: A framework composed of members joined at their ends to


form a rigid structure

Joints (Connections): Welded, Riveted, Bolted, Pinned

Plane Truss: Members lie in a single plane


Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Simple Trusses
Basic Element of a Plane Truss is the Triangle
• Three bars joined by pins at their ends  Rigid Frame
– Non-collapsible and deformation of members due to induced
internal strains is negligible

• Four or more bars polygon  Non-Rigid Frame


How to make it rigid or stable?

by forming more triangles!

Structures built from basic triangles


Simple Trusses
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Basic Assumptions in Truss Analysis
 All members are two-force members.
 Weight of the members is small compared with the
force it supports (weight may be considered at joints)
 No effect of bending on members even if weight is
considered
 External forces are applied at the pin connections
 Welded or riveted connections
 Pin Joint if the member centerlines are concurrent at the
joint

Common Practice in Large Trusses


 Roller/Rocker at one end. Why?
 to accommodate deformations due to
temperature changes and applied loads.
 otherwise it will be a statically indeterminate
truss
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Truss Analysis: Method of Joints
• Finding forces in members
Method of Joints: Conditions of equilibrium are satisfied for the forces
at each joint
– Equilibrium of concurrent forces at each joint
– only two independent equilibrium equations are involved
Steps of Analysis
1.Draw Free Body Diagram of Truss
2.Determine external reactions by applying
equilibrium equations to the whole truss
3.Perform the force analysis of the remainder
of the truss by Method of Joints
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Method of Joints
• Start with any joint where at least one known load exists and where not
more than two unknown forces are present.

FBD of Joint A and members AB and AF: Magnitude of forces denoted as AB & AF
- Tension indicated by an arrow away from the pin
- Compression indicated by an arrow toward the pin
Magnitude of AF from
Magnitude of AB from

Analyze joints F, B, C, E, & D in that order to complete the analysis


Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Method of Joints

Zero Force
Member

Check
Equilibrium
• Negative force if assumed
sense is incorrect
Show
forces on
members
Method of Joints: Example
Determine the force in each member of the loaded truss by Method of Joints
Method of Joints: Example
Solution
Method of Joints: Example
Solution
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
When more number of members/supports are present than are
needed to prevent collapse/stability
 Statically Indeterminate Truss
• cannot be analyzed using equations of equilibrium alone!
• additional members or supports which are not necessary for
maintaining the equilibrium configuration  Redundant

Internal and External Redundancy


Extra Supports than required  External Redundancy
– Degree of indeterminacy from available equilibrium equations
Extra Members than required  Internal Redundancy
(truss must be removed from the supports to calculate internal redundancy)
– Is this truss statically determinate internally?
Truss is statically determinate internally if m + 3 = 2j
m = 2j – 3 m is number of members, and j is number of joints in truss

L06
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Internal Redundancy or
Degree of Internal Static Indeterminacy
Extra Members than required  Internal Redundancy

Equilibrium of each joint can be specified by two scalar force equations 


2j equations for a truss with “j” number of joints
 Known Quantities

For a truss with “m” number of two force members, and maximum 3
unknown support reactions  Total Unknowns = m + 3
(“m” member forces and 3 reactions for externally determinate truss)
Therefore:
A necessary condition for Stability
m + 3 = 2jStatically Determinate Internally but not a sufficient condition since
m + 3 > 2jStatically Indeterminate Internally one or more members can be
m + 3 < 2jUnstable Truss arranged in such a way as not to
contribute to stable configuration of
the entire truss
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss

Why to Provide Redundant Members?

 To maintain alignment of two members during construction


 To increase stability during construction
 To maintain stability during loading (Ex: to prevent buckling
of compression members)
 To provide support if the applied loading is changed
 To act as backup members in case some members fail or
require strengthening
 Analysis is difficult but possible
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Zero Force Members
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Zero Force Members: Conditions
If only two non-collinear members form a truss joint and no external load or
support reaction is applied to the joint, the two members must be zero force
members

If three members form a truss joint for which two of the members are collinear,
the third member is a zero-force member provided no external force or support
reaction is applied to the joint
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Special Condition

When two pairs of collinear members are joined as shown in figure,


the forces in each pair must be equal and opposite.
Method of Joints: Example
Determine the force in each member of the loaded truss by Method of Joints.

Is the truss statically determinant externally?


Is the truss statically determinant internally? Yes
Are there any Zero Force Members in the truss? Yes
No
Method of Joints: Example
Solution
Method of Joints: Example
Solution

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