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● Process:
Types of Recovery
Recovery Techniques
1. Log-Based Recovery:
○
○ During recovery, the log is used to restore the changes.
3. Checkpoint Recovery:
1. Failure Occurs:
○ This could be a system crash, power failure, or disk
failure.
2. Roll Forward (Redo Operation):
○ Applies all changes from the redo log to bring the
database to the most recent state.
3. Roll Back (Undo Operation):
○ Undoes any uncommitted changes applied during the roll
forward.
4. Database Restored:
○ The database is now in a consistent state, containing
only committed transactions.
Database Backups
● What it does: Backs up only the files that have been updated
since the last backup (either normal or incremental).
● Usage:
○ Typically used after a full backup, especially during
weekdays, to save time.
● Efficiency:
○ Only files that changed since the last backup are
copied.
○ The file will not be backed up again unless it changes.
● Key Advantage:
○ Requires less time and storage space compared to full
backups.