EXIT EXAMINATION Signal
EXIT EXAMINATION Signal
Answer: c) 1/s
11. What is the Laplace transform of the time derivative of the signal x(t)?
a) sX(s) - x(0)
b) X(s) - s x(0)
c) sX(s) + x(0)
d) X(s) + s x(0)
Answer: c
Answer: a
Answer: d
20. Which of the following is a property of the Laplace transform?
a) Linearity
b) Time-shift
c) Frequency-shift
d) All of the above
Answer: d
21. What is the Laplace transform of the unit step function u(t)?
a) 1/s
b) s
c) 1/(s^2)
d) 1
Answer: a
22.What is the Fourier series of a periodic rectangular pulse?
a) Sinc function
b) Cosine series
c) Sine series
d) Both b) and c)
Answer: d) Both b) and c)
26. What is the relationship between the Fourier series coefficients and the
frequency content of a periodic signal?
a) The Fourier series coefficients represent the amplitude and phase of the
frequency components in the signal
b) The Fourier series coefficients represent the time-domain values of the signal
c) The Fourier series coefficients represent the derivative of the signal
d) The Fourier series coefficients represent the integral of the signal
Answer: a) The Fourier series coefficients represent the amplitude and phase of the
frequency components in the signal
27. What is the z-transform of a discrete-time signal x[n]?
a) X(z) = ∑x[n]z^(-n)
b) X(z) = ∑x[n]z^n
c) X(z) = ∑x[n+1]z^n
d) X(z) = ∑x[n-1]z^n
Answer: b) X(z) = ∑x[n]z^n
30. What is the difference equation corresponding to the z-transform X(z) = 1/(1-
az^-1)?
a) y[n] = ay[n-1] + x[n]
b) y[n] = -ay[n-1] + x[n]
c) y[n] = y[n-1] + a*x[n-1]
d) y[n] = y[n-1] + x[n]
Answer: a) y[n] = a*y[n-1] + x[n]
31. What is the relationship between the z-transform and the Fourier transform?
a) The z-transform is a generalization of the Fourier transform to discrete-time
signals
b) The z-transform is a special case of the Fourier transform for periodic signals
c) The z-transform is equivalent to the Laplace transform in the continuous-time
domain
d) The z-transform and the Fourier transform are unrelated
Answer: a) The z-transform is a generalization of the Fourier transform to discrete-
time signals.
32. Which of the following is a method of signal approximation in signals and
systems?
a) Sampling b) Quantization c) Fourier analysis d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
33. The Nyquist sampling theorem states that:
a) The sampling rate should be less than half of the highest frequency component
in the signal
b) The sampling rate should be more than twice the highest frequency component
in the signal
c) The sampling rate should be equal to the highest frequency component in the
signal
d) The sampling rate is independent of the highest frequency component in the
signal
Answer: b) The sampling rate should be more than twice the highest frequency
component in the signal
34. Which of the following is a disadvantage of quantization in signal
approximation?
a) Reduced storage requirements
b) Increased dynamic range
c) Reduced signal-to-noise ratio
d) Increased signal fidelity
Answer: c) Reduced signal-to-noise ratio
35. Which of the following is an example of a Fourier series approximation?
a) Approximating a continuous-time signal with a sum of sinusoids
b) Approximating a discrete-time signal with a sum of sinusoids
c) Approximating a continuous-time signal with a sum of impulse functions
d) Approximating a discrete-time signal with a sum of impulse functions
Answer: a) Approximating a continuous-time signal with a sum of sinusoids
36.Which of the following is a method of signal interpolation in signals and
systems?
a) Linear interpolation
b) Cubic spline interpolation
c) Fourier interpolation
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above.
37. Two signals x(t) and y(t) are said to be orthogonal if:
a) x(t) + y(t) = 0 for all t
b) x(t) * y(t) = 0 for all t
c) x(t) and y(t) have the same frequency
d) x(t) and y(t) have the same amplitude
Answer: b) x(t) * y(t) = 0 for all t
38. What is the significance of orthogonality in signal processing?
a) It helps in reducing noise in the signal
b) It helps in signal compression
c) It helps in signal reconstruction
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
39.If two signals x(t) and y(t) are orthogonal, what is the value of their inner
product?
a) -1
b) 0
c) 1
d) It depends on the specific signals x(t) and y(t)
Answer: b) 0
40. If two signals x(t) and y(t) are orthogonal, what is the effect of multiplying
them together?
a) The result is a scaled version of x(t)
b) The result is a scaled version of y(t)
c) The result is a zero signal
d) The result is a random signal
Answer: c) The result is a zero signal
41. Which of the following sets of signals is orthogonal?
a) sin(nt) and cos(nt)
b) sin(nt) and sin(2nt)
c) sin(nt) and sin(n+1)t
d) None of the above
Answer: a) sin(nt) and cos(nt)
42.What is a singularity function in signal processing?
a) A function with an infinite number of discontinuities
b) A function with a finite number of discontinuities
c) A function with a single discontinuity
d) A function that is continuous everywhere
Answer: c) A function with a single discontinuity.
43.What is the Laplace transform of the unit step function?
a) 1/s
b) s
c) 1/(s^2)
d) 1/(s+1)
Answer: a) 1/s.
44.What is the Laplace transform of the unit impulse function?
a) 1
b) s
c) e^-s
d) 1/s
Answer: d) 1/s.
45.What is the derivative of the unit step function?
a) Impulse function
b) Ramp function
c) Parabolic function
d) Exponential function
Answer: a) Impulse function.
46. What is the Laplace transform of the ramp function?
a) 1/s^2
b) 1/s^3
c) 1/s^4
d) 1/s^5
Answer: b) 1/s^3.
47.What is the derivative of the ramp function?
a) Impulse function
b) Unit step function
c) Parabolic function
d) Exponential function
Answer: b) Unit step function.
48.What is the Laplace transform of the parabolic function?
a) 1/s^3
b) 1/s^4
c) 1/s^5
d) 1/s^6
Answer: b) 1/s^4.
49.What is the derivative of the parabolic function?
a) Ramp function
b) Unit step function
c) Impulse function
d) Exponential function
Answer: a) Ramp function.
50. Which of the following is not a type of signal?
a. Continuous-time signal
b. Discrete-time signal
c. Analog signal
d. Digital signal
e. None of the above
Answer: e. None of the above
51. What is the Fourier Transform of a signal?
a. The sum of all the frequencies present in the signal
b. The amplitude of the signal as a function of time
c. The amplitude and phase of each frequency component in the signal
d. The time domain representation of the signal
e. None of the above
Answer: c. The amplitude and phase of each frequency component in the signal
52. Which of the following is not a linear system property?
a. Homogeneity
b. Time-invariance
c. Additivity
d. Shift-invariance
e. None of the above
Answer: d. Shift-invariance
53. What is the impulse response of a system?
a. The output of the system when an impulse is applied as input
b. The input of the system when an impulse is applied as output
c. The frequency response of the system
d. The step response of the system e. None of the above
Answer: a. The output of the system when an impulse is applied as input
54. What is the convolution operation used for in signal processing?
a. To find the inverse of a system
b. To find the transfer function of a system
c. To find the output of a system given its input and impulse response
d. To find the frequency response of a system
e. None of the above
Answer: c. To find the output of a system given its input and impulse response
55. Which of the following is a property of the Fourier Transform?
a. Linearity
b. Time-invariance
c. Convolution
d. Differentiation
e. All of the above
Answer: e. All of the above
56. What is the Laplace Transform used for in signal processing?
a. To find the frequency response of a system
b. To find the impulse response of a system
c. To solve differential equations involving signals
d. To find the convolution of two signals
e. None of the above
Answer: c. To solve differential equations involving signals.
57. What is the Fourier transform of a time-limited signal?
a) Continuous and non-periodic
b) Continuous and periodic
c) Discrete and non-periodic
d) Discrete and periodic
Answer: b) Continuous and periodic
58.Which of the following functions is not periodic?
a) sin(x)
b) cos(x)
c) exp(jx)
d) None of the above
Answer: d) None of the above
59.What is the Fourier transform of a signal with real-valued time domain
representation?
a) Real-valued frequency domain representation
b) Complex-valued frequency domain representation
c) Positive frequency domain representation
d) Negative frequency domain representation
Answer: b) Complex-valued frequency domain representation
60.The inverse Fourier transform of a frequency domain representation gives:
a) Time-domain representation of the signal
b) Magnitude of the signal
c) Phase of the signal
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Time-domain representation of the signal
61.What is the relationship between the time and frequency domain representations
of a signal?
a) They are independent of each other
b) They are related by a linear transformation
c) They are related by a non-linear transformation
d) They are related by a random process
Answer: b) They are related by a linear transformation.
62. What is the inverse Fourier transform of a complex exponential signal with
frequency w0?
a) Impulse function with amplitude 2*pi
b) Impulse function with amplitude 1
c) Complex exponential signal with frequency -w0
d) Complex exponential signal with frequency w0
Answer: d) Complex exponential signal with frequency w0
63. What is the inverse Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse in frequency
domain?
a) Sinc function in time domain
b) Impulse function in time domain
c) Gaussian function in time domain
d) Triangular function in time domain
Answer: a) Sinc function in time domain
64. What is the inverse Fourier transform of a constant signal in frequency
domain?
a) Impulse function in time domain
b) Complex exponential signal in time domain
c) Rectangular pulse in time domain
d) Constant signal in time domain
Answer: a) Impulse function in time domain
65. What is the inverse Fourier transform of a signal whose frequency domain
representation is zero everywhere except at a single frequency w0?
a) Complex exponential signal with frequency w0
b) Complex exponential signal with frequency -w0
c) Sinc function in time domain
d) Impulse function in time domain
Answer: a) Complex exponential signal with frequency w0
66. What is the inverse Fourier transform of a signal whose frequency domain
representation is a delta function at frequency w0?
a) Complex exponential signal with frequency w0
b) Complex exponential signal with frequency -w0
c) Sinc function in time domain
d) Impulse function in time domain
Answer: d) Impulse function in time domain.
67. What is the convolution of two continuous-time signals?
a. The multiplication of two continuous-time signals
b. The integration of the product of two continuous-time signals
c. The differentiation of the product of two continuous-time signals
d. The addition of two continuous-time signals
Answer: b
68.What is the mathematical expression for the convolution of two continuous-
time signals x(t) and h(t)?
a. x(t)*h(t)
b. x(t)h(t)
c. x(t)⊗h(t)
d. x(t)⊕h(t)
Answer: a
69. What is the impulse response of a system?
a. The output of the system when the input is an impulse
b. The input of the system when the output is an impulse
c. The transfer function of the system
d. The frequency response of the system
Answer: a
70.What is the effect of convolution on the frequency content of a signal?
a. The convolution preserves the frequency content of the signal
b. The convolution enhances the frequency content of the signal
c. The convolution attenuates the frequency content of the signal
d. The effect of convolution on the frequency content of the signal depends on the
nature of the signals being convolved.
Answer: d
71. What is the commutative property of convolution?
a. x(t)*h(t) = h(t)*x(t)
b. x(t)*h(t) = -h(t)*x(t)
c. x(t)*h(t) = x(-t)*h(-t)
d. x(t)*h(t) = x(t)*h(t)
Answer: a
72.What is the associative property of convolution?
a. (x(t)*h(t))g(t) = x(t)(h(t)*g(t))
b. (x(t)*h(t))*g(t) = (x(t)*g(t))*h(t)
c. (x(t)*h(t))g(t) = g(t)(x(t)*h(t))
d. (x(t)*h(t))*g(t) = x(t)*h(t)*g(t)
Answer: a
73. What is the convolution of two continuous-time signals, x(t) and h(t)?
A. Multiplication of x(t) and h(t)
B. Summation of x(t) and h(t)
C. Integration of x(t) multiplied by h(t)
D. Differentiation of x(t) multiplied by h(t)
Answer: C
74. Which property of convolution allows us to apply it to systems with linear
time-invariant (LTI) characteristics?
A. Associativity
B. Commutativity
C. Linearity
D. Time invariance
Answer: C
75. Which of the following is NOT true for the convolution of two continuous-time
signals?
A. It is commutative.
B. It is distributive.
C. It is associative.
D. It is symmetric.
Answer: D
76. Which of the following is true for the convolution of two impulse functions?
A. It is equal to the sum of the impulse functions.
B. It is equal to the product of the impulse functions.
C. It is equal to a delta function.
D. It is equal to zero.
Answer: C
77. Which of the following is NOT a property of convolution?
A. Time invariance
B. Associativity
C. Linearity
D. Symmetry
Answer: D
78. Which of the following is a common application of convolution in signal
processing?
A. Image compression
B. Speech recognition
C. Audio equalization
D. All of the above
Answer: D
79. What is the impulse response of a system?
A. The output of the system when the input is an impulse function
B. The output of the system when the input is a step function
C. The input to the system when the output is an impulse function
D. The input to the system when the output is a step function
Answer: A
80. Which of the following is a property of the impulse response of an LTI system?
A. It is always finite in duration
B. It is always infinite in duration
C. It is always zero
D. It depends on the input signal
Answer: B
81. Which of the following is the Laplace transform of the convolution of two
continuous-time signals, x(t) and h(t)?
A. X(s)H(s)
B. X(s)/H(s)
C. X(s)+H(s)
D. X(s)H(-s)
Answer: A
82. Which of the following is the Fourier transform of the convolution of two
continuous-time signals, x(t) and h(t)?
A. X(jω)H(jω)
B. X(jω)/H(jω)
C. X(jω)+H(jω)
D. X(jω)H(-jω)
Answer: A
83. Which of the following is a property of inverse Laplace transform?
a. Linearity
b. Time invariance
c. Causality
d. Frequency invariance
Answer: a. Linearity
84. What is the inverse Laplace transform of 1/(s+a), where a is a constant?
a. e^-at
b. 1/(e^at)
c. 1/(s-a)
d. e^at
Answer: a. e^-at
85. What is the inverse Laplace transform of (s+3)/(s^2+4s+5)?
a. (e^-3t)/2 * sin(t)
b. (e^-3t)/2 * cos(t)
c. (e^3t)/2 * sin(t)
d. (e^3t)/2 * cos(t)
Answer: b. (e^-3t)/2 * cos(t)
86.Which of the following is true about the inverse Laplace transform of a
function?
a. It is unique
b. It is not unique
c. It is always zero
d. It does not exist
Answer: b. It is not unique
87. What is the inverse Laplace transform of 1/(s^2+2s+2)?
a. (e^-t)/2 * sin(t)
b. (e^-t)/2 * cos(t)
c. (e^t)/2 * sin(t)
d. (e^t)/2 * cos(t)
Answer: a. (e^-t)/2 * sin(t)
88. What is the inverse z transform of the transfer function H(z) = (z+1)/(z-1)?
a) h[n] = (1/2)^n u[n]
b) h[n] = (-1/2)^n u[-n-1]
c) h[n] = (-1)^n u[n]
d) h[n] = (1/2)^n u[-n-1]
Answer: d) h[n] = (1/2)^n u[-n-1]
89.What is the inverse z transform of the transfer function H(z) = 1/(z-2)?
a) h[n] = 2^n u[n]
b) h[n] = -2^n u[-n-1]
c) h[n] = (-1)^n 2^n u[n]
d) h[n] = (-1/2)^n u[n]
Answer: a) h[n] = 2^n u[n]
90.What is the inverse z transform of the transfer function H(z) = 1/(z^2 + 4z + 3)?
a) h[n] = -3^n u[-n-1] + -1^n u[n]
b) h[n] = 3^n u[n] + (-1)^n u[n]
c) h[n] = (-3)^n u[n] + (-1)^n u[n]
d) h[n] = (-1/3)^n u[n]
Answer: b) h[n] = 3^n u[n] + (-1)^n u[n]
91.What is the inverse z transform of the transfer function H(z) = (z-2)/(z^2 - 5z +
6)?
a) h[n] = 2^n u[n] - 3^n u[n]
b) h[n] = (-2)^n u[-n-1] + 3^n u[-n-1]
c) h[n] = (-2)^n u[n] + 3^n u[n]
d) h[n] = (-1/2)^n u[-n-1] + (1/3)^n u[-n-1]
Answer: b) h[n] = (-2)^n u[-n-1] + 3^n u[-n-1]
92.What is the inverse z transform of the transfer function H(z) = 2z/(z^2 - 4z +
4)?
a) h[n] = (2^n - 2n) u[n]
b) h[n] = 2^n n u[n]
c) h[n] = 2^n (n+1) u[n]
d) h[n] = 2^n (n-1) u[n]
Answer: c) h[n] = 2^n (n+1) u[n]
93. What is the region of convergence (ROC) of a Z-transform?
A. The set of values of z for which the Z-transform converges
B. The set of values of z for which the Z-transform diverges
C. The set of values of n for which the Z-transform converges
D. The set of values of n for which the Z-transform diverges
Answer: A
94. Which of the following properties of the Z-transform is not time-invariant?
A. Linearity
B. Time-shifting
C. Convolution
D. Differentiation
Answer: B
95. Which property of the Z-transform is analogous to the frequency response of a
continuous-time LTI system?
A. Time-invariance
B. Linearity
C. Causality
D. ROC
Answer: D
96. The Z-transform of a sequence that is right-sided and causal has a ROC that:
A. includes the entire z-plane
B. includes the unit circle
C. includes the exterior of the unit circle
D. includes the interior of the unit circle
Answer: D
97. Which property of the Z-transform is useful for computing the output of an LTI
system for an arbitrary input?
A. Time-invariance
B. Linearity
C. Convolution
D. Final value theorem
Answer: C
98. The Z-transform of a sequence that is left-sided and anti-causal has a ROC that:
A. includes the entire z-plane
B. includes the unit circle
C. includes the exterior of the unit circle
D. includes the interior of the unit circle
Answer: C
99. What is the inverse Z-transform of a rational Z-transform that has a pole at
z=0.5?
A. 0.5^n u(n)
B. (-0.5)^n u(-n-1)
C. (-2)^n u(-n-1)
D. (-0.5)^n u(n)
Answer: D
100. The region of convergence (ROC) of the Z-transform of a finite-length
sequence is:
A. the entire z-plane
B. a finite annular region of the z-plane
C. the exterior of a finite annular region of the z-plane
D. a semi-infinite strip of the z-plane
Answer: A
101. The Z-transform of a real and causal sequence is:
A. real and causal
B. complex and causal
C. real and anti-causal
D. complex and anti-causal
Answer: B
102. Which property of the Z-transform is useful for analyzing the stability of an
LTI system?
A. Time-invariance
B. Linearity
C. Convolution
D. ROC
Answer: D
103.Which of the following operations is not a linear operation in signals and
systems?
a) Convolution
b) Differentiation
c) Integration
d) Multiplication
Answer: b) Differentiation
104. Which of the following is not a time-invariant system?
a) y(t) = 2x(t)
b) y(t) = x(t-1)
c) y(t) = tx(t)
d) y(t) = sin(x(t))
Answer: c) y(t) = tx(t)
105. Which of the following is an example of a linear system?
a) y(t) = x(t)^2
b) y(t) = sin(x(t))
c) y(t) = x(t) + 2
d) y(t) = x(t-1)
Answer: c) y(t) = x(t) + 2
106. Which of the following is an example of a time-invariant system?
a) y(t) = 2x(t)
b) y(t) = x(2t)
c) y(t) = x(t) + sin(t)
d) y(t) = x(t-1)
Answer: d) y(t) = x(t-1)
107. The Laplace transform of a signal in the time domain gives:
a) The frequency content of the signal
b) The amplitude of the signal
c) The phase of the signal
d) The complex frequency content of the signal
Answer: d) The complex frequency content of the signal
108.A system is said to be causal if:
a) The output depends only on the current input
b) The output depends on past and future inputs
c) The output is independent of the input
d) The output is constant
Answer: a) The output depends only on the current input
109.The impulse response of a system is:
a) The input signal that produces a specific output
b) The output signal that results from an impulse input
c) The frequency response of the system
d) The Laplace transform of the system
Answer: b) The output signal that results from an impulse input
110. A transfer function describes:
a) The output of a system in response to an input
b) The impulse response of a system
c) The Fourier transform of a signal
d) The Laplace transform of a signal
Answer: a) The output of a system in response to an input