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Basics of Networking - K17

Basics of networking

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34 views4 pages

Basics of Networking - K17

Basics of networking

Uploaded by

harshavardhan123j
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basics of Networking - Exam Notes

1. Network
A network is a collection of interconnected devices (computers,
servers, switches, routers, etc.) that share resources and
communicate with each other. The purpose of a network is to
facilitate data sharing, communication, and resource utilization.

Key components of a network:


- Nodes: Devices like computers, printers, and servers.
- Links: Physical or wireless connections between nodes.
- Protocols: Rules governing data exchange (e.g., TCP/IP).

2. Types of Networks
Based on Geographical Area:
- PAN (Personal Area Network): Covers a small area like a room (e.g.,
Bluetooth, USB).
- LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a building or campus (e.g.,
Ethernet).
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Spans a city or a large campus.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large geographical areas (e.g.,
the Internet).

Based on Architecture:
- Peer-to-Peer (P2P): All devices share equal responsibility for
processing data.
- Client-Server: A central server provides services and resources to
clients.

3. Transmission Modes and Media


Transmission Modes:
- Simplex: Data flows in one direction only (e.g., TV broadcasting).
- Half-Duplex: Data flows in both directions, but one direction at a
time (e.g., Walkie-Talkie).
- Full-Duplex: Data flows simultaneously in both directions (e.g.,
phone calls).

Transmission Media:
- Wired Media:
- Twisted Pair Cable: Commonly used in LAN; affordable but limited
bandwidth.
- Coaxial Cable: High-frequency signal transmission; used in cable
TV.
- Fiber Optic Cable: High-speed data transfer over long distances.
- Wireless Media:
- Radio Waves: Used in Wi-Fi and AM/FM transmission.
- Microwaves: Line-of-sight communication for satellite systems.
- Infrared: Short-range communication (e.g., remote controls).

4. Types of Network Topologies


Network Topologies refer to the physical or logical arrangement of
nodes in a network.

- Star Topology:
- All nodes are connected to a central hub or switch.
- Advantages: Easy to add/remove devices, failure of one device
doesn't affect others.
- Disadvantages: Hub failure leads to network failure.

- Bus Topology:
- All devices share a single communication line.
- Advantages: Easy to implement and cost-effective.
- Disadvantages: Collisions occur; failure of the main cable disrupts
the network.

- Ring Topology:
- Devices are connected in a circular manner.
- Advantages: Data travels in one direction, reducing collisions.
- Disadvantages: Failure of one device disrupts the entire network.

- Mesh Topology:
- Every node is connected to every other node.
- Advantages: Highly reliable, fault-tolerant.
- Disadvantages: Expensive and complex.

- Hybrid Topology:
- A combination of two or more topologies.
- Advantages: Flexible and scalable.
- Disadvantages: High cost and complexity.

Client-Server Model
- Client: Requests resources or services.
- Server: Provides resources or services to clients.

Advantages of Client-Server:
- Centralized control and management.
- Better security and data management.

Disadvantages:
- Server failure affects the entire network.
- Higher cost for setup and maintenance.

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