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37 views30 pages

Edited Lesson 6

Uploaded by

miah.palo97
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 6

Elements and Principles


of Art
Mediums of Art
An art medium refers to the materials which the artist uses to
translate his feelings or thoughts. These are the materials or means
which the artist uses to objectify his/her feelings.

Classifications of Arts According to Medium

1. Visual or Space Arts. These are arts with mediums that can be
seen and occupy space.
They can be categorized into two-dimensional and three-
dimensional arts. All the visual arts are also spatial arts or arts of
space. In spatial arts, the entire work of art is present simultaneously;
attention to the parts of it is up to the viewer which part he shall
examine first (Heller, 2018).
Two-dimensional. Painting:

These arts appeal first


and foremost, though not
exclusively, to the sense of
sight such as in painting,
drawing, printmaking, and
photography.
Photography:
Three-dimensional Art.

In three-dimensional
art, such as sculpture and
architecture, the entire
object is present, but it is
impossible to see even all
of it at once. The backside
of a statue cannot be
viewed at the same
moment as the exterior of
a museum cannot be
viewed by someone inside
it. Other examples include Kinetic wind sculpture or
sculpture, architecture, wind-powered walking sculpture
landscape and crafts.
Tao Zhu Yin Yuan Tower in
Taipei, Taiwan

It is a double helix eco-


friendly tower designed by
Belgian architect Vincent
Callebaut.
2. Auditory or Time Arts.

These are arts with mediums that can be heard and expressed
through time such as music and literary works. In this group, there are no
real objects that can be viewed or touched. The medium of auditory art is
sound while literature is a temporal form of the arts.

Example:
Desiderata by Max Ehrmann (1927)

Go placidly amid the noise and the haste, and remember what peace
there may be in silence. As far as possible, without surrender, be on good
terms with all persons.

Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others, even to the dull
and the ignorant; they too have their story.
Avoid loud and aggressive persons; they are vexatious to the spirit. If
you compare yourself with others, you may become vain or bitter, for
always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself.

Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep interested in your


own career, however humble; it is a real possession in the changing
fortunes of time.

Exercise caution in your business affairs, for the world is full of trickery.
But let this not blind you to what virtue there is; many persons strive for
high ideals, and everywhere life is full of heroism.

Be yourself. Especially do not feign affection. Neither be cynical about


love; for in the face of all aridity and disenchantment, it is as perennial
as the grass.
Take kindly the counsel of the years, gracefully surrendering the things
of youth.
Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune. But do
not distress yourself with dark imaginings. Many fears are born of
fatigue and loneliness.
Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You are a
child of the universe no less than the trees and the stars; you have a
right to be here.
And whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt the universe is unfolding
as it should. Therefore be at peace with God, whatever you conceive
Him to be. And whatever your labors and aspirations, in the noisy
confusion of life, keep peace in your soul. With all its sham, drudgery
and broken dreams, it is still a beautiful world. Be cheerful. Strive to be
happy.
3. Mixed/Combined Arts.

These are arts with mediums that can be both seen and
heard and which exist in both space and time such as dance,
theatre, drama/play, and movies or cinema. Mixed arts combine the
above types of arts.

Drama combines the art of literature (verbal art) with the


visual arts of costuming, stage designing, and stage lighting.

Opera combines the art of music (its predominant


component) with the art of literature (the libretto) and the visual arts
of stage design.
Dance combines the visual spectacle of moving bodies (the
principal component) with musical accompaniment, sometimes
with accompanying words and often with stage design. Song
combines words with music.

Film combines the visual component (a series of pictures


presented in such rapid succession that they appear to be moving)
with the verbal component (the script) and usually an intermittent
musical background as well (https://www.britannica.com).

Example: Think of Me - Emmy Rossum (Andrew Lloyd Webber’s


The Phantom of the Opera Soundtrack-Movie Clip)
Elements of Visual Arts

The elements of visual arts are line, shape, color, texture, form
and perspective which are the building blocks of compositions in
art. When we analyze any drawing, painting, sculpture or design, we
examine these component parts to see how they combine to create
the overall effect of the artwork.

1. Line. It is the path to a moving point. It is the simplest, most


primitive, and most universal means for creating visual art, and is the
foundation of all drawing. It is also the first and most versatile of the
visual elements of art. Line in an artwork can be used in many
different ways. It can be used to suggest shape, pattern, form,
structure, growth, depth, distance, rhythm, movement and a range
of emotions.
Types of Lines

a. Straight. The line


maintains in one
direction; its continuity is
repetition.

A horizontal line
creates an impression of
serenity and perfect
stability. A vertical line
appears poised and
stable, and a diagonal
line implies action since it
shows movement and,
consequently, instability.
Diagonal lines convey a
feeling of movement. Objects in
a diagonal position are
unstable. Because they are
neither vertical nor horizontal,
they are either about to fall or
are already in motion (J. Paul
Getty Museum, 2011).
b. Curve.

It results when there is a gradual change of direction. Since it is


gradual, it shows fluidity. Its continuity forms an arc, and its reverse
generates waves or when there is a continuous curve within itself,
then it results to a spiral.
c. Angular. It results when the change in direction is abrupt. It
creates tension and an impression of chaos, confusion, or conflict.
2. Shape.
Shapes can give the illusion of weight, volume or flatness.
They can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, flat (2-
dimensional) or solid (3-dimensional), representational or abstract,
geometric or organic, transparent or opaque, positive or negative,
decorative or symbolic, colored, patterned or textured. It can be
classified as follows:

a. Natural.
These are shapes that we see in nature. They objectively
represent the physical or material world. They are irregular and
uneven shapes. Their outlines are curved and sometimes look like
blobs or splotches. They are shapes we would see in nature.
Examples of organic shapes are the shape of a leaf, a cloud, a
seashell, a rain puddle, an animal, and flowers.
Nature:
b. Abstract.

Drawn out of an object’s


essence and made into the
subject of artwork, these are
fundamental shapes that are
objectified coming from an
idea, emotion or experience.

Abstract shapes are


the large, basic shapes that
provide the building blocks for
virtually any painting in any
style.
c. Non-Objective/Biomorphic.

They show similarity to


organic forms. Biomorphic
shapes are irregular in form,
and they resemble the freely
developed curves found in
organic life.

The term biomorphic


means: life-form (bio=life and
morph=form). Biomorphic
shapes are often rounded
and irregular, unlike most
geometric shapes.
d. Geometric.

They are identified by any precise or regular shape. They can


be classified as two-dimensional when drawn on a flat surface or
three-dimensional as they possess matter.

The geometric shape definition in art is characterized by a


reliance on mathematical shapes such as triangles, squares, circles,
and lines to organize space. Artists can use geometry to develop a
theme, for example, Cubism uses cubes and Fractal Art uses
statistical constants to develop a design.
Example:
3. Form. Form gives shape to a piece of art.
It is the quality of an object which enables
us to know that it has thickness as well as
length and breadth. Forms take up space
and volume. The form also is the
expression of all the formal elements of art
in a piece of work (Gustlin & Gustlin, 2020).

Example:
Stippling is the creation of a pattern
simulating varying degrees of solidity or
shading by using small dots. Such a
pattern may occur in nature and these
effects are frequently emulated by artists.
Art Project:

A. Copy the drawing of the


tree below on a short bond
paper. Submit your paper
next meeting.
B. Create a sphere by way of stippling like the example below.
4. Color.
The character of surface created by the response of vision to
the wavelength of light reflection. It is derived from light, whether
natural or artificial. Color is the most complex artistic element
because of the combinations and variations inherent in its use.
Gildow (2020) explains that humans respond to color combinations
differently and artists study and use color in part to give desired
direction to their work. Color is the visual element that has the
strongest effect on our emotions. It is used to create the mood or
atmosphere of an artwork.

Color Theory
The study of color in art and design often starts with color
theory. Color theory splits up colors into three categories: primary,
secondary, and tertiary.
The primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. You find them
equidistant from each other on the color wheel. These are the
“elemental” colors, not produced by mixing any other colors, and all
other colors are derived from some combination of these three.

The secondary colors are orange (mix of red and yellow), green
(mix of blue and yellow), and violet (mix of blue and red).

The tertiary colors are obtained by mixing one primary color


and one secondary color. Depending on amount of color used,
different hues can be obtained such as red-orange or yellow-green.
Neutral colors (browns and grays) can be mixed using the three
primary colors together.
Art Project:

Mix paints and create secondary and tertiary colors.

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