Spearman proposed that all

mental tasks require 2 types of

abilities, a ________ ability, or
"g factor," and a ________
ability, or "s factor;" the former
General;
is common to all intellectual
tasks, while the latter applies to
particular tasks.
specific
Thurstone, who developed the
method of factor analysis, Word fluency,
believed that intelligence was
made up of a group of memory, spatial
independent factors, which he
called Primary Mental Abilities. relationships,
Identify the 4 Primary Mental
Abilities he postulated. and reasoning

According to Guilford, ________

thinking refers to one's ability to
generate creative and new ideas by
exploring numerous solutions, while
________ thinking refers to one's
Divergent;
ability to synthesize information into
a unifying concept in order to solve
a problem (e.g., multiple-choice
convergent
tests, arithmetic).

Cattell referred to a person's capacity to draw Fluid (impacted

inferences, find meaning in confusion, solve new
problems, and understand complex relationships
as ________ intelligence, which is independent
most by age and
of culture and training; ________ intelligence
refers to a person's ability to use skills,
brain damage);
knowledge, and experience and is almost
entirely contingent on cultural and educational crystallized (remains
experience.
stable with age)
 What are the 8 Linguistic,
bodily-kinesthetic,
"multiple logical-mathematical,
intelligences" musical, spatial,
interpersonal,
proposed by interpersonal, and
Gardner? naturalist

Based on population 50% to both,

parameters, what
percentage of differences though this does
in IQ scores can be not necessarily
attributed to heredity
(nature) compared to hold for a single
environment (nurture)? person

The majority of Interaction between

theorists today believe nature and nurture,
that intelligence as opposed to
develops primarily as specifically one or
a function of what? the other

True or False: Infant False- they are best at

predicting future IQ for
intelligence tests very low-scoring babies,
generally provide hence they are used
accurate predictions mostly to screen for
delayed or abnormal
of future adult IQ? development
 While similar in terms of Females score higher on
general intelligence, what tests of verbal skills, males
are some of the score higher on tests of
differences researchers spatial ability; on the SAT,
have found between males boys score higher on math
and females regarding and verbal sections
intelligence?

Zajonc's ________ model states

that intellectual stimulation and
other family resources available to
each child declines as the number
of children in a family increases,
hence first-born children tend to
Confluence
have greater intellectual abilities
than later-born children.

In their book "The Bell

Curve," Hernstein and They are due mostly
Murray take what position to innate, genetic
about differences in differences (criticized
intelligence between for failing to consider
Caucasians and environmental factors)
African-Americans?

True or False: True- while their biological

African-American children parents had average to below
adopted and raised by average intelligence, the
Caucasian parents with higher
socioeconomic status and children scored well above
intelligence tended to have IQs the mean for
similar to those of their adoptive African-American children
parents? (supports nurture argument)
 Who is best known for
adapting Binet and
Simon's intelligence scales
for American use, as well
L.
as his studies of gifted
children? Terman
This test of intelligence uses a
hierarchical model of intelligence with a
global "g" factor, routing subtests
(Vocabulary and Object Series/Matrices),
Stanford-Binet,
and subtests grouped into content areas
(Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge,
Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial
Fifth Edition
Processing, and Working Memory); the
difficulty of items are adjusted according (SB5)
to the functional level of the examinee.

What is the difference Ratio IQ compares mental age

to chronological age, while
between a "ratio IQ" (as deviation IQs are standardized
used by early versions and share the same mean and
of the Stanford-Binet) standard deviation across ages
(permits comparison across
and "deviation IQ?" age groups)

What test is designed to assess the

intelligence of children between the
ages of 6 years and 16 years,
Wechsler
providing 4 index scores (Verbal
Comprehension, Perceptual
Intelligence Scale
Reasoning, Working Memory,
Processing Speed), individual
for Children, 4th
subtest scores, and a Full-Scale
IQ?
Edition (WISC-IV)
 This test might be used Wechsler Primary
to measure the cognitive and Preschool
functioning of a child
between the ages of 2 Scale of
years, 6 months and 7 Intelligence
years, 3 months? (WPPSI)

Of the 7 verbal subtests on the WAIS-III, ________ most

accurately measures general intelligence; ________
Vocabulary; Information;
measures long-term memory and crystallized intelligence
acquired from cultural experience; ________ measures
Comprehension;
judgment, insight, and common sense; ________ measures
reasoning ability, concentration, memory, and math abilities;
________ measures abstract verbal reasoning and verbal
Arithmetic; Similarities;
concept formation; ________ measures attention and
working memory; and ________ measures attention,
Letter-Number
short-term memory, and immediate auditory recall.
Sequencing; Digit Span

Of the 7 performance subtests on the WAIS-III, ________

measures visual organization, long-term visual memory,
concentration, and reasoning; ________ measures
Picture Completion;
interpretation of social situations, visual perception, and
foresight/planning; ________ measures visual-motor Picture Arrangement;
coordination, visual-spatial comprehension, and nonverbal
concept formation; ________ measures the ability to Block Design; Object
perceive visual part-whole relationships and mental
processing speed; ________ measures psychomotor
speed, short-term memory, and visual-motor coordination;
Assembly; Digit-Symbol
________ measures nonverbal reasoning and is one of the
best general intelligence measures among the performance
Coding; Matrix Reasoning;
subtests; and ________ measures processing speed,
planning, and perceptual organization.
Symbol Search

True or False: The

Stanford-Binet and
WAIS-III are equally as
False- the
useful for testing
individuals with profound
Stanford-Binet
mental retardation or who
are extremely gifted?
is more useful
 When interpreting a WAIS-III
completed by a patient with
Alzheimer's Disease, it is likely
their scores on the ________ Verbal;
subtests will be significantly
better than scores on the
________ subtests, with a
Performance
typical 10 point discrepancy.

This test measures the cognitive

ability of children from 3 to 18 years Kaufman
of age and was designed to be free
of cultural bias by minimizing verbal
Assessment
instructions and responses; scores
are provided on the following 5
Battery for
scales: Simultaneous, Sequential,
Planning, Learning, and
Children, 2nd
Knowledge. Edition (K-ABC-II)

This test, used for those between 4

and 90 years-old, can be used to Kaufman Brief
compare verbal and nonverbal
abilities, screen for gifted students, Intelligence
estimate the intelligence of people
in institutionalized settings, and Test, 2nd
reevaluate people already given an
IQ test. Edition (KBIT-2)

This might be used to measure

a student's planning, attention,
simultaneous processing, and Cognitive
sequential processing in order
to assess for academic Assessment
strengths and weaknesses, as
well as develop educational
interventions.
System (CAS)
 The ________ is used to assist in
identifying children (from 5 to 17 years,
Slosson Intelligence
11 months) at risk of academic failure or
those who may need additional testing;
Test - Primary
the ________ is used as a brief (SIT-P-1); Slosson
screening test of crystallized verbal
intelligence for ages 4 through 65 whose Intelligence Test for
IQ range from 36 to 164, and it is
appropriate for visually impaired of blind
Children and Adults
individuals. (SIT-R3)

The ________ is a comprehensive,

individually administered, clinical
instrument for assessing specific
cognitive abilities that are important to
Differential
learning, providing profiles of strengths
and weaknesses. It is used for people
between 2 years 6 months through 17
Ability Scales
years 11 months and measures abilities
using a cognitive battery and an
achievement, or diagnostic, battery.
(DAS-II)

This test contains 2 distinct, co-normed Woodcock-Johnson III,

batteries, one assessing scholastic
aptitude and oral language, the other which consists of the
measuring general intellectual ability and
specific cognitive abilities; comparing the
Tests of Achievement
ability/achievement discrepancies (after (WJ III) and Tests of
administering both batteries) is a
common method for evaluating a Cognitive Abilities (WJ
person's eligibility for special programs. III COG)

Utilizing both observations of infant

and child activities as well as
information provided by caretakers, Gesell
this test measures development in
the areas of motor, adaptive,
language, and personal-social
Developmental
functions for children between 4
weeks and 6 years of age.
Schedules
 Viewed by many psychologists as one of
the best assessment measures of infant
development, the ________ is used to
Bayley Scales
identify developmental delays and plan
intervention strategies for children aged 1
to 42; the battery includes the following 5
of Infant
subtests: cognitive, language, motor,
social-emotional, and adaptive behavior. Development

Based on direct observation of a

child's performance and assessing
4 developmental domains
Denver
(personal-social, language, fine
motor adaptive, and gross motor),
Developmental
this test is used to screen for
developmental delays in children Screening Test
from birth to 6 years-old; often used
by medical practitioners. II (Denver II)

All measuring one's ability and Vineland Adaptive

competency to meet expected standards
of personal independence and social Behavior Scales, AAMD
responsibility, these are some of the
measures that might be used to aid in the
Adaptive Behavior
diagnosis and treatment planning of Scales, Adaptive
people with mental retardation, autism
spectrum disorders, brain injury, ADHD, Behavior Inventory for
or dementia. Children

What nonverbal test of

intelligence consists of the
examiner showing pictures and
The Peabody
giving a stimulus word, and the Picture Vocabulary
examinee subsequently
indicating (verbally or Test - 3rd Edition
nonverbally) which picture best (PPVT-III)
represents the word?
During this test, examinees are
presented with a set of pictures
and asked to indicate which Columbia
one does not fit with the others;
it is useful for children with Mental
sensorimotor disorders (e.g.,
cerebral palsy) and speaking or
reading difficulties.
Maturity Scale

What nonverbal test

might be used to assess Haptic Intelligence
the intelligence of a Scale (similar to
partially-sighted or blind performance
person 16 years or subtests on WAIS)
older?

Developed to assess the The

intelligence of deaf or hard
of hearing children aged 3 Hiskey-Nebraska
to 17 years, the ________ Test of Learning
consists of 12 nonverbal
subtests. Aptitude

This would be a good test to

administer a child who recently
arrived from a non-English
Leiter International
speaking country, as it involves Performance Scale
no spoken instructions and
involves matching picture - Revised
response cards to the same (Leiter-R)
pictures on an easel.
 True or False: The True- experts agree
attempt to design tests that even nonverbal
of intelligence that are
free of cultural bias has tests rely on logic,
been largely which is itself
unsuccessful? influenced by cutlure

Often included in neuropsychological

batteries and used to assess perceptual
ability and spatial logic, the ________
Raven's
consists of giving the examinee a series
of designs and asking them to indicate
from a group of alternatives what the next
Progressive
matrix should be in order to complete the
overall set; it is viewed as "culture-fair."
Matrices
This culturally-fair method of assessment System of
involves administering an adaptive
behavior scale, sociocultural scales, the Multicultural
WISC-IV (or WPPSI-III), the
Bender-Gestalt, physical dexterity tasks, Pluralistic
and obtaining a health history; it has
been standardize for use with Caucasian,
Latino, and African-American groups.
Assessment
(SOMPA)

These types of tests are Group intelligence tests

typically used in situations
where time is limited and/or (e.g., Otis-Lennon
individualized testing would be School Ability Test,
too costly; for example, the Cognitive Abilities Test,
U.S. Military utilizes such
testing to help determine recruit Wonderlic Personnel
placement. Test)
 Tests of ________ measure
limited, defined, and
homogenous groups of abilities
and serve to predict future Aptitude;
behavior, while ________ tests
measure what a person has
learned as the result of a
achievement
program.

What is another
term used to Developed
capacity
describe what a (measured by
person has already achievement tests)
learned?

This term refers to the notion that there is

a generalized test-taking skill
independent of a person's overall IQ,
anxiety level, achievement orientation, or
motivation; experts have suggested it is
nothing more than the application of the
Test-wiseness
person's general cognitive ability to the
test-taking task.

The APA's ________ presents required Standards for

and recommended guidelines for test
construction, publication, dissemination, Educational and
interpretation, and use; the ________
includes critical reviews of most Psychological Tests;
English-language psychological,
educational, and vocational tests, Mental Measurement
including their reliability and validity. Yearbooks (MMY)
A school ________ tends
to focus primarily on
assessment, while a
school ________ is most
Psychologist;
likely to work with parents
and teachers to assist in
consultant
helping the child.

The purpose of this type of

educational assessment is to
help identify progress in terms
of the existing curriculum and Curriculum-based
any change in instruction that
would aid the student's Assessment
progress in completing the
curriculum.

What teaching method encourages

students to select their own activities
from an environment that has numerous
The Montessori
self-teaching toys and materials, deems
external reinforcement unnecessary due
to students' natural motivation to learn,
Teaching
and involves very little didactic group
teaching (i.e., lecturing)? Method

Initiated by the government in 1965,

this project was designed to
intervene for children of poverty by
providing a year of preschool,
nutritional and medical services,
Project
and parent involvement in
education and program
administration; research has shown
Head Start
it to be largely successful.
 Grouping children in
classrooms their ability level is
referred to as ________, which
has been shown to have
significant negative effects on
Ability
low to moderate achieving
students and few to no positive
effects for high achievers.
tracking
False- research
True or False: suggests boys receive
Teachers tend to more attention, perhaps
pay more attention as a result of their
to girls than boys? higher likelihood of
acting-out in class

In this type of cooperative learning

environment, students are split into
competency groups, each student
in the group is given a list of
subtopics to research, then
Jigsaw
students are responsible for
teaching what they have learned to
the rest of the group.
classroom

What legally defined Education for All

Handicapped Children Act
the rights of disabled (EHA), which has since
children to equal been reworked and
access to public renamed Individuals with
Disabilities Education Acts
education? (IDEA)
 This legally gave parents The Family
the right of access to their Educational Rights
children's educational
records, as well as the and Privacy Act
ability to challenge any (aka the Buckley
content thereof. Amendment)

Developed from the Americans

with Disabilities Act
requirement that students be
assigned to the least restrictive
environment, ________ refers Mainstreaming
to placing disabled students in
regular classes for all or part of
the school day.

The legal case The use of aptitude

of Larry P. v. tests to determine
Riles dealt with placement of
what? minority children