JUNIOR INTERMEDIATE

IMPORTANT
QUESTION BANK
2022-23
Note :

 (* * *) Very Very Important, (* *) Very Important, (*) Important

 Students must prepare given all VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

 This question bank meet the needs and demands of average, and below average
students only.
 Above average and Top students should cover the total questions in the text
book for 100% score.
File No. 2362/90-14/11/2022 Jr. Inter MPC - Question Bank (2022-23)

MATHEMATICS – I(A)

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (7 MARKS)

1. FUNCTIONS
***1. Let f : A  B, g : B  C be bijections. Then show that gof : A C is a bijection.
(March – 2009, May-2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, AP-2016) [AP Mar-2018]
1
***2. Let f : A  B, g : B  C be bijections. The show that  gof   f 1og 1
(March -06, 10, 11, 2014, May-09, 11, TS-2016, 2020) [AP-M-2019]
1 1
***3. Let f : A  B be a bijection. Then show that fof  I B and f of  I A
(March-07, 12, May-2005, 07) (March -2015 AP) [AP Mar-17] [TS Mar-19]
***4. Let f : A  B, IA and IB be identify functions on A and B respectively. Then show that
foI A  f  I B of (March-2013, May-2005, 2008) [TS Mar-2018]
***5. Let f : A  B be a bijection. Then show that f is a bijection if and only if there exists a
function g : B  A such that fog = IB and gof = IA and in this case, g = f1
**6. I) If f : R  R, g : R  R are defined by f(x) = 4x  1 and g(x) = x2 + 2 then find
 a 1 
i) (gof) (x) ii)  gof    iii) fof(x) iv) go (fof) (0)
 4 
ii) Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}. If f : A  B, g : B  C are defined by
f = {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}, g = {(a, q), (b, r), (c, p)} then show that f1og1 = (gof)1
***7. If f : Q  Q is defined by f  x   5 x  4x  Q then show that f is a bijection and find f1.
(March2010)
–1
***8. Let f = {(1, a), (2, c), (4, d), (3, b)} and g = {(2, a), (4, b) (1, c), (3, d)}, then show that
1
 gof   f 1og 1 . (March -2015 TS)
***9. Let f : A  B, g : B  C and h : C  D . Then show that ho  gof    hog  of
 x  2, x 1

***10. If the function f is defined by f  x    2, 1  x  1 , then find the values of
 x  1, 3  x  1

(a) f(3) (b) f (0) (c) f (–1.5) (d) f(2) + f(–2)(e) f (–5)
 3x  2 x3
 2
***11. (a) If function of is defined by f  x    x  2, 2  x  2
 2 x  1, x  3

Then find the values of
(i) f(4) [Mar-14] (ii) f(2.5) [Mar-14] (iii) f(–2)
(iv) f(–4) (v) f(0) (vi) f(–7)
(b) If f:Q  Q defined by f  x  =5x+4  n  Q . Then show that f is a bijection and find f -1 .
[TS Mar-17]
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2. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 n  n  1  n  2 
***12. Show that 1 + (1 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 + 3 ) +….. upto n terms  , n  N
12
(March09, 12, May2009, AP-2016]
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 2 3 1
***13. Show that    .... upto n terms   2n 2  9n  13
1 1 3 1 3  5 24
(March05, 07, May2014)
1 1 1 n
***14. Show that n  N ,    ..... upto n terms  (March06, 11,May2011)
1.4 4.7 7.10 3n  1
n  n2  6n  11
***15. Show that 2.3 + 3.4 + 4.5 + ……upto n terms  n  N (Mar13, May2006)
3
n  n  1 n  2  n  3
***16. Show that 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + …… upto n terms  , n  N
4
(March -2015 TS) [TS Mar-17]
**17. Prove by mathematical induction
n
a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ….. upto n terms   2a   n  1 d  (March2010) [TS-2016]
2
2
a  r n  1
**18. a  ar  ar  ...... upto n terms  ,r 1 (March2011, TS-2020)
 r  1
***19. Show that 49n + 16n  1 divisible by 64 for all positive integers n.
(March2005) [AP Mar-17] [TS Mar-2018]
n
**20. Show that 4  3n  1 divisible by 9 for all positive integers n. (March2005)
2n+1 3n+1
***21. Show that 3.5 +2 is divisible by 17, n  N (March08, 10, 12)
2n+1 3n+1
***22. Use mathematical induction 2.4 +3 is divisible by 11
***23. Use mathematical induction to prove the statement
2 + 3.2 + 4.22 + ….. up to n terms = n.2n, n  N (March07)
***24. Use mathematical induction to prove the statements,
 3  5  7   2n  1  2
 1   1   1   .....  1  2    n  1 . (March -15) [TS Mar-2019]
 1  4  9   n 
1 1 1 1 n
***25. Show that    .....   , n  N [AP Mar-2018]
1.3 3.5 5.7  2n  1 2n  1 2n  1
n
2 n  2n  1 2n  1
**26. Use mathematical induction to prove that statement,   2k  1
k 1

3
for all

nN
2
**27. Use mathematical induction to prove the statement, 43  83  123  ....up to n terms  16n 2  n  1 .
**28. i) Using mathematical induction, show that x m  y m is divisible by x + y, if ‘m’ is an odd
natural number and x, y are natural numbers.

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ii) If x and y are natural numbers and x  y , using mathematical induction, show that x n  yn
is divisible by x  y, n  N
3. MATRICES
 a1 b1 c1 
adj A
***29. If A   a2 b2 c2  is a nonsingular matrix, then show that A is invertible and A1 
 det A
 a3 b3 c3 
(March07, June 10) [AP Mar-17] [TS Mar-2018]

a a 2 1  a3 a a2 1
***30. If b b 2 1  b3  0 and b b 2 1  0 then show that abc = 1 (March04, 2014)
c c 2 1  c3 c c2 1
a b c 2bc  a 2 c2 b2
2
***31. Show that b c a  c2 2ac  b 2 a2   a 3  b3  c 3  3abc 
c a b b2 a2 2ab  c 2
(March01, 12, May09) [TS Mar-2018]

a b c 2a 2a
3
***32. Show that 2b bca 2b   a  b  c  (March11, May11) [AP&TS-2016]
2c 2c c  a b
a  b  2c a b
3
***33. Show that c b  c  2a b  2  a  b  c  (March10, June10) [AP Mar-2018]
c a c  a  2b
[TS Mar-2019]

a 2  2a 2a  1 1
3
***34. Show that 2a  1 a  2 1   a  1 (March07, 13)
3 3 1
***35. Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using Cramer’s rule [Mar12, May09]
Matrix inversion [March2013, May11, 12]
And Gauss  Jordan method [Mar09, 10, 2014 May2010]
(i) 3x + 4y + 5z = 18, 2x  y + 8z = 13, 5x  2y + 7z = 20 [Mar08, 12, 13, May09, AP-2022]
(ii) x + y + z = 9, 2x + 5y + 7z = 52, 2x + y  z = 0 [Mar07, 09, May10, 11] [AP Mar-17]
(iii) 2x  y + 3z = 9, x + y + z = 6, x  y + z = 2
[Mar10, 2014] [AP&TS-2016] [TS Mar-17][AP Mar-2018, AUG-2022]
(iv) x –y + 3z = 5, 4x + 2y –z =0, –x + 3y + z = 5 [Mar15, TS] [AP-M-2019, 2022]

(v) 2x – y + 3z = 8, -x + 2y + z =4, 3x + y – 4z = 0. [TS Mar-2018]

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File No. 2362/90-14/11/2022 Jr. Inter MPC - Question Bank (2022-23)
***36. Examine whether the following system of equations is consistent or inconsistent. If consistent
find the complete solutions.
i) x + y + z = 4, 2x + 5y  2z = 3, x + 7y  7z = 5
ii) x + y + z = 3, 2x + 2y  z = 3, x + y  z = 1 [June 02]
iii) x + y + z = 6, x  y + z = 2, 2x  y + 3z = 9 [March05, 11]
iv) x + y + z =1, 2x + y + z = 2, x + 2y + 2z =1 [Martch-15, TS]
1 2 1 
***37. If A  0 1 1 then find A3  3A2  A  3I [March11]
3 1 1 

bc ca ab a b c

*** 38. Show that c  a a  b b  c  2 b c a [Oct-6, March -15]
a b bc ca c a b
1 a2 a3
***5. Show that 1 b 2 b3   a  b  b  c  c  a  ab  bc  ca  [Mar-09] [AP Mar-17]
1 c2 c3
bc ca ab
***39. Show that a  b b  c c  a  a 3  b3  c3  3abc [Mar-08, May-07]
a b c
a b c
2 2
***40. Show that a b c 2  abc  a  b  b  c  c  a  .
a3 b3 c3
1 a a 2  bc
***41. Show that 1 b b 2  ca  0
1 c c2  ab
 1 2 1 
**42. If A   0 1 1 then find A3  3A 2  A  3I
 3 1 1 
2a a b ca
**43. Show that a  b 2b b  c  4  a  b  b  c  c  a 
c  a c  b 2c
**44. By using Gaus-Jordan method, show that the following system has no solution 2x +4y–z=0,
x + 2y + 2z = 5, 3x + 6y –7z = 2.

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4. PRODUCT OF VECTORS
***45. i) Find the shortest distance between the skew lines r = (6i + 2j + 2k) + t (i  2j + 2k) and
r = (4i  k) + s (3i  2j  2k) where s, t are scalars[March08, 09] [TS Mar-17]
ii) If A = (1, 2, 1), B = (4, 0, 3), C = (1, 2, 1) and D = (2, 4, 5), find the distance
between AB and CD. [March07, 12, 2014] [AP Mar-17]
45. (a) If A = (1, 2, 1), B = (4, 0, 3), C = (1, 2, 1) and D = (2, 4, 5)are four points , then find
theshortest distance between the skew lines AB and CD. [TS Mar-19]

***46. Let a, b, c be three vectors. Then show that

     
i) a  b  c  a.c b  b.c a      
ii) a  b  c  a.c b  a.b c [March2006, 09, 15]
**47. Find the equation of the plane passing to the points A = (2, 3, 1), B = (4, 5, 2) &C = (3, 6, 5).
***48. A line makes angles 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 with the diagonals of a cube. Show that
4
cos 2 1  cos 2 2  cos 2 3  cos 2 4 
3
**49. Show that in any triangle the altitudes are concurrent. [March2013]
***50. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes
   
r. i  j  k  6 and r. 2i  3 j  4k  5 and the point (1, 1, 1)
***51. a, b, c are nonzero vectors and a is perpendicular to both b and c.
2
If a  2, b  3, c  4 and (b, c)  , then find |[a b c]| [May2008]
3
**52.   
(i) If a  i  2 j  k , b  2i  j  k , c  i  2 j  k find a  b  c and a  b  c [AP&TS-2016] 
(ii) a  i  2 j  3k, b  2 i  j  k, c  i  j  2k then, find  a  b   c and a   b  c  .
[TS-2018]
**53. If a= 2i + j –3k, b = I – 2j +k, c = –i +j – 4k and d = i + j +k, then compute |(a × b) × (c × d)|
[March-2015]
**54. If [ b c d] + [c a d] + [a b d] = [a b c], then show that the points with position vectors a, b, c
and d are coplanar.
*55. For any four vectors a, b, c and d , prove that

 a  b    c  d   a c d  b   b c d  a and  a  b    c  d   a b d  c  a b c d

5. TRIGONOMETRY UPTO TRANSFORMATIONS
A B C  A B C
***56. In triangle ABC, prove that cos  cos  cos  4 cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
[March07, 10, May07]
***57. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle then prove that
A B C A B C
sin 2  sin 2  sin 2  1  2 cos cos sin [May06, 11] [AP-2016, 2022]
2 2 2 2 2 2
***58. If ABC are angles in a triangle, then prove that

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A B C A B C
cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  2 cos cos sin [May2010]
2 2 2 2 2 2
***59. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that [May2006]
A B C
(i) cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 cos cos sin [TS Mar2019]
2 2 2
(ii) cos 2A+ cos 2B + cos 2C = –4 coA cosB cos C–1 [AP Mar-2017]
***60. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that [March11, 2014]
A B C  A B C
sin  sin  sin  1  4 sin sin .sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
***61. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that [May2009] [AP Mar -2018]
A B C
cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
***62. In triangle ABC, prove that [March2005]
A B C 4  B  C
cos  cos  cos  4 cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
***63. If A + B + C = 2S, then prove that
A B C
(I) cos  S  A   cos  S  B   cos  S  C   cos S  4 cos cos cos [TS Mar -2018]
2 2 2
 S A   S B  C
(II) sin S  A   sin  S  B   sin C  4cos   cos   sin [TS-2016]
 2   2  2
 S  A S B C
(III) cos  S  A   cos  S  B   cos C  4cos   cos   cos  1. [TS-Mar-2017]
 2   2  2

***64. Suppose      is not an odd multiple of , m is a non zero real number such that m  1 and
2
sin      1  m     
 . Then prove that tan      m.tan    
cos      1  m 4  4 
3
**65. If A  B  C  , prove that cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2C  1  4sin A sin B sin C [Mar2013]
2
A B C  A  B C
***66. In triangle ABC, prove that sin  sin  sin  1  4 cos cos sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
***67. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
A B C
sin A  sin B  sin C  4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C  A B C
***68. If A + B + C = 180º, then prove that cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  2 1  sin sin sin 
2 2 2  2 2 2
[March-12,15, TS-March-15]
***69. If none of A, B, A+B is an integral multiple of  , then prove that
1  cos A  cos B  cos  A  B  A B
 tan cot
1  cos A  cos B  cos  A  B  2 2
**70. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that sin2A–2sin 2B + sin 2C = 4cosA sin B cosC
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***71. If A +B +C = 90º then show that (i) sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2 C  1  2sin A sin Bsin C
(ii) sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C  4 cos A cos B cos C
71(a) If A+B+C=0, then prove that sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C  4 sin A sin Bsin C [AP-March-2019]

***72. If A + B +C = 0º, then prove that cos2 A  cos2 B  cos 2 C  1  2cos A cos B cos C
A B C
*73. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that sin A  sin B  sin C  4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
*74. If A + B +C = 270º, then prove that cos2 A  cos2 B  cos 2 C  2cos A cos Bsin C
*75. If A +B +C +D = 360º , prove that
cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C  cos 2D  4 cos  A  B  cos  A  C  cos  A  D 

6. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
65 21
***76. If a = 13, b = 14, c = 15, show that R  , r  4, r1  , r2  12 and r3  14
8 2
[TS-2021][March2014, 15, May10, June11] [AP-2016]
***77. i) If r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 6 and r = 1. Prove that a = 3, b = 4 and c = 5
[March2009, TS-Mar 15] [TS-2016]
ii) In ABC , if r1 = 8, r2 = 12, r3 = 24, find a, b, c [AP-Mar-2017]
r1 r2 r3 1 1
***78. Show that     [May09]
bc ca ab r 2 R
***79. (i) Show that r + r1 + r2  r3 = 4R cos C [May12]
(ii) Show that r + r3 + r1  r2 = 4R cos B [AP Mar -2018, AP-2022] [May13]
***80. If P1, P2, P3 are the altitudes drawn from vertices A, B, C to the opposite sides of a triangle
respectively, then show that
2

i)
1 1 1 1
   ii) P1 P2 P3 
 abc  
8 3
[AP Mar -2018] [March2010]
P1 P2 P3 r 8 R3 abc
ab  r1r2 bc  r2 r3 ca  r3r1
***81. Show that   [March2008, May2008]
r3 r1 r2
A B C r
***82. Show that cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  2  [March2005]
2 2 2 2R
**83. If r : R : r1 = 2 : 5 : 12, then prove that the triangle is right angled at A. [May2007, 2009]
***84. Prove that a3 cos  B  C   b3 cos  C  A   c 3 cos  A  B   3abc
A B C 
***85. Show that a cos 2  b cos 2  c cos 2  s  [March09]
2 2 2 R
rr1 4R  r1  r2
**86. Show that i) a   r2  r3  ii)   r1r2
r2 r3 r1  r2
A B C
 cot  cot
cot  a  b  c
2

***87. Prove that 2 2 2 

cot A  cot B  cot C a 2  b 2  c 2

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r1  r2  r3 
**89. Prove that a
r1r2  r2 r3  r3 r1
***90. The angle of elevation of the top point P of the vertical tower PQ of height h from a point A is
45° and from a point B is 60°, where B is a point at a distance 30 metres from the point. A
measured along the line AB which makes an angle 30° with AQ. Find the height of the tower.
3 3
**91. The upper th portion of a vertical pole subtends an angle tan 1 at a point in the horizontal
4 5
plane through its foot and at a distance 40m from the foot. Given that the vertical pole is at a
height less than 100m from the ground, find its height.
**92. AB is a vertical pole with B at the ground level and A at the top. A man finds that the angle of
elevation of the pole A from a certain point C on the ground is 60°. He moves away from the
pole along the line BC to a point D such that CD = 7m. From D, the angle of elevation of the
point A is 45°. Find the height of the pole.
***93. In ABC , prove that r1  r2  r3  r  4R [Mar-2006]
a b c
**94. In ABC show that    2R where R is the circum radius.
sin A sin B sin C
**95. If cosA + cos B+ cos C = 3/2 , then show that the triangle is equilateral
**96. If a 2  b 2  c 2  8R 2 , then prove that the triangle is right tangled.
**97. In ABC , show that i) b 2  c 2  a 2  2ca cos B ii) c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C
iii) a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A
*98. A lamp post is situated at the middle point M of the side AC of a triangular plot ABC with
BC=7m, CA = 8m and AB = 9m. Lamp post subtends an angle 15º at the point B. Find the
height of the lamp post.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

1. MATRICES
1 2 2
***1. If 3 A   2 1 2  then show that A1  AT [Mar09, 2014]
 2 2 1
 1 2 
 2 1 2   
**2. If A  
1 3 4  , B   3 0  then verify that  AB  '  B ' A ' [March2013]
 
 5 4 

x2 2x  3 3x  4
***3. Find the value of x, if x  4 2 x  9 3x  6  0 [Mar06, TS-Mar-15]
x  8 2 x  27 3 x  64

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1 a a2
***4. Show that 1 b b 2   a  b  b  c  c  a  [Mar2005][TS-Mar-2017]
1 c c2
1 2 1 
***5. If A  3 2 3 then find A1 [Mar12] [TS-Mar-2017, TS-2021]
1 1 2
1
**6. If A and B are invertible then show that AB is also invertible and  AB   B 1 A1
[June03]
1 0  0 1 3
***7. If I    and E    then show that  aI  bE   a 3I  3a 2 bE [Mar-10, 15, J-05]
0 1   0 0
[AP-2021][TS-2016, 2021]
 cos  sin    cos n sin n 
***8. If A    then show that for all positive integers ‘n’, A n   
  sin  cos     sin n cos n 
3 4  1  2n 4n 
***9. If A    then for any integer n  1 show that A n  
1 1  n 1  2n 
  cos 2  cos  sin   cos 2  cos  sin 
***10. If     , then show that  2   2   0 [TS-2021]
2  cos  sin  sin   cos  sin  sin  
yz x x
***11. Show that y zx y  4xyz
z z xy
2 1 2
***12. If A   1 0 1  . Find the adjoint and inverse of A.
 2 2 1 
 3 3 4 
***13. If A   2 3 4  , then show that A 1  A3 .
 0 1 1 
bc b  c 1
***14. Show that ca c  a 1   a  b  b  c  c  a  .
ab a  b 1
2 4 
**15. If A   Find A  A, A.A
 5 3 
1 2 2
**16. If A   2 1 2  then show that A 2  4A  5I  0 [AP-2016] [TS-Mar-2017]

 2 2 1 

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**17. For any nxn matrix. Prove that A can be uniquely expressed as a sum of a symmetric matrix and
a skew symmetric matrix.
*18. Show that the determinant of skew- symmetric matrix of order 3 is always zero.

 7 2   2 1
19. (a) If A   1 2  and B   4 2  , then find AB1 and BA1.
  [AP Mar-2018]
 5 3   1 0 

2. ADDITION OF VECTORS
***19. (b) Let A B C D E F be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’. Show that
AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD = 6AO. [May09, 11, 15][TS-2021] [AP-2016]
***20. In ABC , If ‘O’ is the circumcentre and H is the orthocenter, then show that
i) OA + OB + OC = OH ii) HA + HB + HC = 2HO
***21. If the points whose position vectors are 3i  2j  k, 2i + 3k  4k, I + j + 2k and 4i + 5j + k
146
are coplanar, then show that   [TS-2021]
17
***22. If i, j , k are unit vectors along the positive directions of the coordinate axes, then show that the
four points 4i  5 j  k ,  j  k ,3i  9 j  4k and 4i  4 j  4k are coplanar. [Mar2014]
**23. In the two dimensional plane, prove by using vector method, the equation of the line whose
x y
intercepts on the axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’ is   1 [May2005]
a b
***24. Show that the line joining the pair of points 6a  4b + 4c ,–4c and the line joining the pair of
points a  2b  3c, a + 2b  5c intersect at the point 4c when a, b, c are noncoplanar
vectors. [TS-2016, 2022] [AP-March-2019, 2022]
***25. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through points 4i  3j  k, 3i + 7j  10k and
2i + 5j  7k and show that the point i + 2j  3k lies in the plane. [March2013]
***26. If a, b, c are noncoplanar vectors, then test for the collinerarity of the following points whose
position vectors are given by
i) a  2b  3c, 2 a  3b  4c, 7b  10c
ii) 3a  4b  3c,  4 a  5b  6c, 4a  7b  6c
iii) 2 a  5b  4c, a  4b  3c, 4a  7b  6c
**27. a, b c are non-coplanar vectors. Prove that the following four points are coplanar
i) –a+4b–3c, 3a+2b–5c,–3a + 8b–5c, –3a + 2b +c
[May-10] [AP-Mar-2017, 2022] [TS Mar-2018]
ii) 6a + 2b – c, 2a –b + 3c, –a + 2b–4c, –12a–b–3c [TS Mar-15][AP-2022]
**28. Find the vector equation of the line parallel to the vector 2i  j  2k and passing through the
point A whose position vector 3i  j  k . If P is a point on this line such that AP = 15 then find
the position vector of P.
**29. Let a, b be non-collinear vectors. If    x  4y  a   2x  y  1 b and
   y  2x  2  a   2x  3y  1 b are such that 3  3 then find x and y.

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**30. (i) If a  b  c   d, b  c  d  a and a, b, c are non-coplanar vectors, then show that

a bcd  0
(ii) If aˆ, bˆ, cˆ are non coplanar find the point of intersection of the straight line passing through
the points 2aˆ  3bˆ  cˆ, 3aˆ  4bˆ  2 cˆ with the line joining the points aˆ  2bˆ  3cˆ, aˆ  6bˆ  6cˆ .
[TS March-2017, 2019]
3. PRODUCT OF VECTORS
1
***31. Prove that the smaller angle  between any two diagonals of a cube is given by cos  
3
[Mar10, May10, June11]
***32. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the points (1, 2, 3), (2, 1, 1)
and (1, 2, 4) [May2010] [AP March-2017]
***33. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A(1, 2, 3) B(2, 3, 1) and C(3, 1, 2)
[March08, 2014]
 
***34. If a = 2i + 3j + 4k, b = i + j k and c = i  j + k, then compute a  b  c and verify that it is
perpendicular to a . [TS March2019]
***35. Find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are (1, 2, 1) (3, 2, 5), (2, 1, 0) & (1, 0, 1)
[May2007, Mar-15-TS]
**36. Determine  for which the volume of the parallelepiped having coterminous edges i + j, 3i  j
and 3 j  k is 16 cubic units. [May2005]
**37. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the edges i + j + k, i  j and i + 2j + k [May2009]
[AP-2016]
***38. If a = i2j3k, b = 2i + j  k and c = I + 3j  2k, verify that a   b  c    a  b   c
[Mar08, May11]
***39. a = 3i  j + 2k, b = I + 3j + 2k, c = 4i + 5j  2k and d = i + 3j + 5k, then compute the following
      
i) a  b  c  d and ii) a  b c  a  d .b 
***40. If a + b + c = 0, |a| = 3, |b| = 5 and |c| = 7, then find the angle between a and b.

2 2 2
    
***41. Show that for any two vectors a and b , a  b  a.a b.b  a.b  
 a 2b 2  a.b
***42. Show that the points (5, 1, 1), (7, 4, 7), (1, 6, 10) and (1, 3, 4) are the vertices of a
rhombus by vectors. [Mar2013]
**43.  
Let a and b be vectors, satisfying a  b  5 and a, b  45 . Find the area of the triangle
having a  2b and 3a  2b as two of its sides [March2008] [AP Mar-2018]
***44. Find the vectors having magnitude 6 units and perpendicular to both 2i  k and 3 j  i  k .

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a a 2 1  a3
***45. A  1, a, a 2  , B  1, b, b 2  and C  1, c, a 2  are noncoplanar vectors and b b 2 1  b3  0 ,
c c 2 1  c3
then show that a b c + 1 = 0
**46. Show that the points 2i  j  k , i  3 j  5k and 3i  4 j  4k are the vertices of a right angled
triangle. Also find the other angles.
a.c a.d
**47. Show that for any four vectors a, b, c and d  a  b  . c  d   b.c b.d
and in particular

2 2
 a  b  
 a 2 b 2  a.b
***48. If a, b, c are unit vectors such that a is perpendicular to the plane of b, c and the angle between b

and c is , then find a  b  c
3
  
***49. If a  2i  j  k, b  i  2 j  4k, c  i  j  k then find a  b . b  c [Mar-09,15] [TS M-2017]
***50. Find the volume of the parallelepiped whose coterminnus edges are represented by the vectors
2i –3j +k, i –j+2k and 2i + k.
***51. Show that angle in a semi circle is a right angle [May-2008]
***52. Let a = 4i + 5j –k, b = i –4j + 5k and c = 3i + j–k. Find the vector which is perpendicular to
both a and b whose magnitude is twenty one times the magnitude of c.
2
**53. For any three vectors a, b c prove that [b × c c × a a × b]   a b c 
1
**54. Let a, b and c be unit vectors such that b is not parallel to c and a  b  c    2
b . Find the angle
made by a with each of b and c.
**55. a, b and c are non-zero and non-collinear vectors and   0,  is the angle between b and c .
1

If a  b  c   3
b c a , then find sin 

**56. 
If a  2i  j  3k, b  i  2 j  k, c  i  j  4k, and d  i  j  k then compute a  b  c  d   
**57. For any two vectors a and b . Then show that

1  a 1  b   1  ab
2 2 2
 a bab
2
[TS Mar-2018]

*58. Show that in any triangle, the perpendicular bisectors of the sides are concurrent.
*59. A) If a= (1, –1, –6), b = (1, –3, 4) and c = (2, –5, 3), then compute the following
i) a.(b × c) ii) a × (b × c) iii) (a × b) × c
B) Find  if the points A(3, 2,1 ), B(4, , 5), C(4, 2, - 2), D(6, 5, -1) are coplanar. [TS-2016]

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4. TRIGONOMETRY UPTO TRANSFORMATIONS

***60. If A + B = 45°, then prove that
i) (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2 [TS-2021][May11]
ii) (cot A  1) (cot B  1) = 2 [March07, May09]
3
iii) If A  B  , then show that 1  TanA 1  TanB   2
4
   3  7   9  1
***61. Prove that  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  
 10  10  10  10  16
[Mar-15][TS-2016] [TS March2019][TS-2021][AP—M-2019]
sin16 A
***62. If A is not an integral multiple of  , prove that cos A . cos 2A . cos 4A . cos 8A  and
16 sin A
2 4 8 16 1
hence deduce that cos .cos .cos .cos  [March09, 12]
15 15 15 15 16
***63. Let ABC be a triangle such that cot A + cot B + cot C  3 , then prove that ABC is an
equilateral triangle.
***64. For A  R prove that
1
i) sin A . sin (60 + A) sin (60  A)  sin 3 A
4
1
ii) cos A.cos  60  A  cos  60  A   cos 3 A and hence deduce that
4
3
iii) sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80 
16
 2 3 4 1
iv) cos cos cos cos 
9 9 9 9 16

***65. If 3A is not an odd multiple of , prove that tan A . tan(60 + A) . tan (60A) = tan3A and
2
hence find the value of tan6° tan42° tan66° tan78°
 3 5 7 3
***66. i) Prove that sin 4  sin 4  sin 4  sin 4 
8 8 8 8 2
  2   3   9 
ii) Show that cos 2    cos 2    cos2    cos2    2 [AP- Mar 2022, Aug 2022]
 10   5   5   10 
***67. Prove the following
2 4 8 1
i) cos .cos .cos 
7 7 7 8
 2 3 4 5 1
ii) cos .cos .cos .cos .cos 
11 11 11 11 11 32
 2 3 4 5
***68. Prove that sin sin sin sin  [March2013]
5 5 5 5 16
3
**69. Prove that cos2 76° + cos2 16°  cos76° cos16° 
4

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
**70. If A is not integral multiple of
, prove that
2
i. tan A + cot A = 2 cosec2A ii. cot A  tan A = 2 cot 2A [AP Mar-2018]
 24 4
***71. If 0 < 0  A  B  ,sin  A  B   , cos  A  B   , find the value of tan 2A [TS-Mar-15]
4 25 5
5 1 5 1
**72. Prove that i) sin18  ii) cos 36 
4 4
1
***73. Prove that sin 2    45    sin 2    15   sin 2    15   
2
Tan  sec   1 1  sin 
***74. Prove that  [March-2014]
Tan  sec   1 cos 
***75. Prove that tan 70º  tan 20º  2 tan 50º

**76. If sec       sec       2sec  and   1 , then show that cos    2 cos
2
4 2 xy xy
**77. If cos x  cos y  and cos x  cos y  find the value of 14 tan  5 cot
5 7 2 2

**78. If none of 2A and 3A is an odd multiple of , then prove that tan3A tan 2A tan A = tan3A –
2
tan2A –tanA
 sin  n  1   sin  n  1  
*79. (i) If cos n  0 and cos  0 , then show that  tan
2 cos  n  1   2 cos n  cos  n  1  2
(ii) If none of the denominators of zero, show that
n  n AB
 cos A  cos B   sin A  sin B  2.cot   , if n is even
     2  [TS-2016]
 sin A  sin B   cos A  cos B  
 0 , if n is odd
(iii) 3 cos ec 20º  sec 20º  4 [AP March-2017]
5. TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
***80. Solve the following and write the general solution [May2009]
i) 2 cos 2   3 sin   1  0 ii) 2  sin x  cos x   3 [May-12, Mar-15] [AP-2016]
iii) tan   3cot   5sec 
  1
**81. If tan   cos    cot   sin   , then prove that cos      
 4 2 2
**82. If tan p  cot q and p   q then show that the solutions are in A.P. with common difference,

pq
***83. If 1 , 2 are solutions of the equation a cos 2  b sin 2  c , tan 1  tan 2 and a  c  0 , then
find the values of
i) tan 1  tan 2 [TS- Mar-19] ii) tan 1. tan 2 [TS- Mar-15,19]

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iii) tan  1  2  [May10][TS-2016]

***84. If ,  are solutions of the equation
a cos q  b sin   c a, b, c  R and a 2  b 2  0 , cos   cos ,sin   sin  , then show that
2bc c2  a 2
i) sin   sin   2 ii) sin   sin   2
a  b2 a  b2
2ac c 2  b2
iii) cos   cos   2 iv) cos .cos  
a  b2 a 2  b2
***85. Solve i) sin 2x  cos 2x = sin x  cos x
ii) sin x  3 cos x  2 [TS Mar-2018] [Mar10]
2
iii) 1  sin   3sin  cos  [Mar11]
1
**86. If 0     , solve cos .cos 2 cos 3 
4
***87. Solve 4sinx sin 2x sin 4x = sin3x [Mar2013]
**88. If x is acute and sin (x + 10°) = cos(3x  68°) find x.
**89. Find the general solution of the equations cosec  2, cot    3
 
***90. Solve the equation cot 2 x   
3  1 cot x  3  0;  0  x  
 2
[Mar-12, 2014]
2
***91. Find all values of in  ,   satisfying the equation 81 cos x cos x ....
 43 [Mar-2009]
**92. Solve Tan  Sec  3, 0    2
3x x
**93. Solve cos 3x  cos 2x  sin  sin , 0  x  2
2 2
**94. Solve and write the general solution of the equation 4 cos 2   3  2  
3  1 cos 
2 3
**95. If x  y  and sin x  sin y  then find x and y
3 2
**96. (i) Solve sin 3  4 sin  sin  x    sin  x    where   n, n  z
(ii) Solve 1  sin 2   3sin  cos  [AP & TS-M-2017]
(iii) solve 3 sin   cos   2 [AP Mar-2018]

6. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1 1 1 
***97. Prove that Tan1  Tan 1  Tan 1 
2 5 8 4
[Mar11,15, May06,10,11] [AP-M-2017] [TS Mar-2018]
***98. Prove that
4 5  16  
i) sin 1  sin 1  sin 1    [AP Mar-2018]
5 13  65  2
4 1 
ii) sin 1  2Tan 1  [Mar10, TS-Mar-15]
5 3 2
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3 8 36
iii) sin 1  sin 1  cos 1 [Mar09] [TS Mar-2019]
5 17 85

 3 5  323 
iv) 2sin 1    cos 1  cos 1   [March2014]
5 13  325 
 13   1  2  
v) cot  sin 1  = sin  Tan    . [TS Mar-2017]
 17    3 
4  7   117 
***99. Prove that sin 1    sin 1    sin 1   [March2013] [TS-2016]
5  25   125 
***100. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z   , then prove that x 1  x 2  y 1  y 2  z 1  z 2  2 xyz
[March2005, May2005]
1 1 1 2 2 2
***101. If cos p  cos q  cos r   then prove that p + q + r + 2pqr = 1
***102. i) If Tan1 x + Tan1 y + Tan1z   , then prove that x + y + z = xyz

ii) If Tan1x + Tan1 y + Tan1z  , then prove that xy + yz + zx = 1
2
**103. Show that sec 2 Tan 1 2   cosec 2  cot 1 2   10
3  12   33 
***104. Prove that sin 1    cos 1    cos 1   [AP-2016]
5  13   65 
41 
***105. Prove that cot 1 9  cosec 1 
4 4
3 3 8 
**106. Prove that tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 
4 5 19 4
4 3  27 
***107. Prove that cos 1  sin 1  tan 1   [March2013]
5 34  11 
5 12 
**108. (i) Solve arc sin    arcsin   x  0 
 x x 2

(ii) Solve sin1 x + sin1 2x 
3
 4 2
***109. Find the value of tan cos 1  tan 2 
 5 3
p q p 2 2pq q2
***110. If cos 1  cos 1   , then rove that 2  .cos   2  sin 2 
a b a ab b
***111. Solve the following equations for x.
2
2x 1 1  x 2x 
i) 3sin 1 2
 4 cos 2
 2Tan 1 2

1 x 1 x 1 x 3
x 1 x 1 
ii) Tan 1  Tan 1 
x2 x2 4

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x2 1
 
***112. Prove that cos  tan 1 sin  Cot 1x   
  x2  2
 1 
***113. Find the value of tan  2Tan 1    
 5 4
 1 a  1 a  2b
***114. Prove that tan   cos 1   tan   cos 1  
4 2 b 4 2 b a
3  12   33 
***115. Prove that sin 1    cos 1    cos 1  
5  13   65 
 1  1
***116. Prove that cos  2Tan 1   sin  4Tan 1 
 7  3
2
 2x 1  1  x 

***117. Prove that sin  cot 1 2
 cos  2 
1 [March-2004]
 1 x  1  x 
 1   1  2
***118. Solve tan 1    tan 1    tan 1  2 
 2x  1   4x  1 x 
*119. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z   then prove that x 4  y 4  z 4  4x 2 y 2 z 2  2  x 2 y 2  y 2 z 2  z 2 x 2 

7. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
2 bc A
***120. If i) a   b  c  sec  , prove that tan   sin [Mar10, 11] [TS-2016] [AP Mar-2018]
bc 2
2 bc A
ii) a   b  c  cos  , prove that sin   cot [May11] [AP-M-2019]
bc 2
a 2 bc A
iii) sin   , prove that cos   cos [March2011, 12, May2011] [AP-2016]
bc bc 2
a 2  b2  c2
***121. cot A  cot B  cot C  [March2010, May2012, TS-Mar-15] [TS Mar-2018]
4
cos A cos B cos C a 2  b 2  c 2
***122. Show that    [May2010]
a b c 2abc
1 1 1 1 a 2  b2  c2
***123. Show that     [TS March-2017,2019]
r 2 r12 r22 r32 2
r
**124. Show that cos A  cos B  cos C  1 
R
1 1 3
***125. In ABC , if   , show that C = 60° [TS March-2017]
a c bc abc
a b b a
**126. If C = 60°, then show that i)   1 ii) 2 2
 2 0
bc c a c a c  b2
abc
***127. Show that a 2 cot A  b 2 cot B  c 2 cot C  [March2014]
R

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***128 If p1, p2, p3 are the altitudes of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle respectively, show that
1 1 1 cot A  cot B  cot C
2
 2 2  [March2013]
p1 p2 p3 
***129. If a : b : c = 7 : 8 : 9, find cos A : cos B : cos C
A B C
**130. If cot , cot , cot are in A.P., then prove that a, b, c are in A.P.
2 2 2
**131. If (r2  r1) (r3  r1) = 2r2r3. Show that A = 90°
A B C
**132. If cot : cot : cot  3 : 5 : 7 , show that a : b : c = 6 : 5 : 4 [AP March-2017]
2 2 2
b 2  c 2 sin  B  C 
**133. In a ABC show that  [Mar-15]
a2 sin  B  C 
A B C s2
***134. Prove that cot  cot  cot 
2 2 2 
***135. Show that in ABC , a  cos C  c cos B [May-2009]
 BC bc A
***136. Show that in ABC , tan   cot [May-2008]
 2  bc 2
2 A 2 A
***137. Show that  b  c  cos 2   b  c  sin 2  a 2 [May-2008]
2 2
a 2  b2 sinC
**138. If 2 2
 , prove that ABC is a right angled.
a b sin  A  B 
*139. Show that b 2 sin 2C  c 2 sin 2B  2bcsin A
 A B C
*140. Show that  a  b  c   tan  tan   2c cot
 2 2 2
A  C bc  ca  ab  s 2
*141. Prove that tan  tan  tan 
2 2 2 
A B C
*142. If sin 2 , sin 2 , sin 2 are in H.P. then show that a, b ,c are in H.P.
2 2 2

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks)

1. FUNCTIONS
***1. Find the domain of the following real valued functions
1 1
i) f  x   2
(Mar2019) ii) f  x   x 2  1 
6x  x  5 x 2  3x  2
1 1
iii) f  x   iv) f  x   x  2 
x x log10 1  x 

3 x  3 x
v) f  x   (Mar2007) vi) f  x   4 x  x 2 (May10) [TS Mar-2018]
x

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vii) f  x   log  x 2  4 x  3 (Mar08, 10, May07, March -2016 TS)[AP-2020,2021]

viii) f  x   x 2  25 (Mar12) [AP Mar-2018] ix) f  x   log  x   x  

1
x) f  x   (March2014)[TS-2020, 2022]
 x  1  x  3
2

1
xi) f  x   [AP AUG. 2022]
log  2  x 
1
(xii) f  x    a  0  (Mar-15)
x  a2
2

***2. If f = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1) then find i) 2f ii) 2 + f iii) f2 iv) f
[TS-2021, AP AUG. 2022]
***3. If f and g are real valued functions defined by f(x) = 2x  1 and g(x) = x2 then find
[Mar09]
i) (3f  2g) (x) ii) (fg) (x) iii) 2f + 4g iv) f + 4 v) fg
vi) f/g vii) |f| viii) f ix) f2 x) f3
 f 
(xi)    x  (xii) (f + g + 1) (x)
 g 
2 x2  4
***4. Find the range of the following real valued functions i) log 4  x ii)
x2
***5. Find the inverse of the following functions
i) If a, b  R, f : R  R defined by f  x   ax  b  a  0  [Mar2013] [TS Mar-2018]
ii) f : R   0,   defined by f(x) = 5x [Mar-06, 11, 15]
iii) f :  0,    R defined by f(x) = log2x
***6. If A = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2} and f : A  B is a surjection defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1, then find B.
[March-2016 - TS] [AP March-2017, 2019, 2021][TS-2021]
x 1
***7. If f  x    x  1 then find i) (fofof) (x) ii) (fofofof) (x)
x 1
***8. If f : R  R , g : R  R defined by f(x) = 3x  2, g(x) = x2 + 1, then find
i)  gof 1   2  ii)  gof  x  1 iii)  fog  2  [March2013] [AP Mar-2018]
***9. Define the following functions are written an example for each
i) oneone (injection) ii) onto (surjection)
iii) Even and odd iv) Bijection
1  x2
***10. (i) If f : R  R is defined by f  x   , then show that f  tan    cos 2 .
1  x2
[TS-2022][AP-2022]
1 x  2x 
(ii) If f : R   1  R is defined by f  x   log then show that f  2 
 2 f  x
1 x  1 x 

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[TS-2021][AP-2021]
x x
***11. Prove that the real valued function f  x   x
  1 is an even function on R{0}.
e 1 2
x2  x 1
***12. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and f : A  R is a function defined by f  x   , then find the range
x 1
of ‘f’.
cos 2 x  sin 4 x
***13. If f  x   x  R then show that f(2012) = 1
sin 2 x  cos 4 x
2x  1
***14. f : R  R defined by f  x   , then this function is injection or not? Justify.[Ts-Mar-15]
3
***15. Find the domain and range of the following real valued functions
x
(i) f  x   2
(ii) f  x   9  x 2 [TS-Mar-15] [AP March-2017]
1 x
2x
(iii) f  x   x  1  x (iv) f  x  
2x
***16. If f  x   2, g  x   x , h  x   2x for all x  R , then find  fo  goh  x   [TS March-2017]
2

3x  3 z
***17. If the function f : R  R defined by f  x   , then show that
2
f  x  y   f  x  y   2f  x  f  y 
***18. If f : N  N is defined as f  x   2x  3, Is ‘f’ onto? Explain with reason [May-08]

1  1 1 x 
***19. If f  x   co  log x  , then show that f   f     f    f  xy    0
 x   y 2  y 
1
***20. If f  x   , f  x   x for all x   0,   then find (gof)(x)
x
1
***21. If f : R  0  R is defined by f  x   x 3  3 , then show that f  x   f 1/ x   0 [TS-2019]
x
***22. If the function f : 1,1  0, 2 , defined by f(x) = ax + b is a surjection, then find a and b.
n
***23. (a)If f : R  R is defined as f  x  y   f  x   f  y  x, y  R and f(1) = 7, then find  f  r .
r 1

    
(b) If A  0, , , ,  and f : A  B is a surjection defined by f(x) = cosx, then find B.
 6 4 3 2
[AP-2016][AP & TS March-2017][AP AUG 2022]

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2. MATRICES
1 2 3 8 
***24. If A    B  and 2X + A = B then find X. [March 95, 11, 13]
3 4 7 2 
1 2 3 3 2 1
***25. If A    and B    find 3B  2A [March12][AP AUG. 2022]
3 2 1  1 2 3 
 x  3 2 y  8  5 2 
***26. If   , find x, y, z and a
z  2 6   2 a  4 


 1
 1 2  
2
 
***27. Define trace of a matrix and find the trace of A, if A   0 1 2  [June10]
 1 
 2 1 
 2 
***28. Define symmetric matrix and skewsymmetric matrix [March05, June 05, May07]
Give one example of order 3x 3. [AP Mar-2018]

0 2 1
***29. If A   2 0 2  is a skew symmetric matrix, find the value of x [Mar11]
 1 x 0 
1 0 0
***30. If A   2 3 4  and det A = 45, then find x [Mar03, May09] [TS May2019]
 5 6 x 
1  2
***31. If  is a complex (nonreal) cube root of unity, then show that  2 1 0
2 1 
[Mar11, 2014]
 2 1 
 2 3 1 
***32. If A   5 0  and B    then find 2A + BT and 3BT  A. [Mar10]
 1 4   4 0 2
 
1 4 7  3 4 0 
***33. If A    and B    then show that (A + B)T = AT + BT [May09]
2 5 8  4 2 1
 cos   sin  
***34. Find the adjoint and the inverse of the matrix   [Mar09, 13]
 sin  cos  
 2 4
***35. If A    and A2 = 0 find the value of k.
 1 k 
[Mar05, 2014, May11] [AP-Mar-2017] [TS Mar-2018, 2022]
***36. Find the rank of each of the following matrices

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1 1 1
i) 1 1 1 [Mar 08, June10] [TS Mar-2018]
1 1 1
 1 4 1 1 2 1
ii)  2 3 0  [AP-2022] iii)  1 0 2  [Mar12]
 0 1 2   0 1 1
 1 2 0 1 1 2 3
   1 0 4 
iv)  3 4 1 2  v)   (vi)  2 3 4  [TS-Mar-15]
 2 1 3 
 2 3 2 5   0 1 2 
**37. Write the definitions of singular and nonsingular matrices and give examples.
***38. A certain book shop has 10 dozen Chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, 10 dozen
Economics books. Their selling prices are Rs. 80, Rs. 60 and Rs. 40 each respectively. Using
matrix algebra, find the total value of the books in the shop.
1
***39. Construct a 3 × 2 matrix whose elements are defined by aij  i  3 j
2
[TS-M-2015][AP-M-2017]
***40. For any square matrix A, show that AA is symmetric. [Mar-15]
 1 2 3 
***41. If A   2 5 6  is a symmetric matrix, find x. [AP 2016][TS-2022]
 3 x 7 
 12 22 32 
 
***42. Find the determinant of  22 32 42 
 32 42 52 

 cos  sin  
***43. If A    then show that AA  AA  I
  sin  cos  
 i 0
***44. If A    , find A2 [AP 2016, 2022]
0 i 
 a  ib c  id  2
***45. (i) If A    ,a  b 2  c 2  d 2  1 then find the inverse of A.
 c  id a  ib 
3 2 -1  -3 -1 0 
(ii) If A=  2 -2 0 ,B=  2 1 3  and X=A+B then find X. [TS-M-2017]

  
 1 3 1   4 -1 2 
 1 2 
(iii) If A    then find AA . Do A and A commute with respect to multiplication of
 0 1
matrices? [TS-M-2017]

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3. ADDITIONAL OF VECTORS
***46. i) Find the unit vector in the direction of vector a  2i  3 j  k . [March2014]
ii) Let a = 2i + 4j  5k, b = i + j + k and c = j + 2k. Find the unit vector in the opposite direction
of a + b + c [March09, 10, 12, 15] [TS-2019, 2022][AP-MARCH-2019,AUG-2022]
iii) a  i  2 j  3k and b  3 i  j , find unit vector in the direction of a  b .
[TS-2016, May 2019, TS-2021]
**47. Show that the points whose position vectors are 2a + 3b + 5c, a + 2b + 3c, 7a  c are collinear
when a, b, c are non coplanar vectors.
**48. If the position vectors of the points A, B and C are 2i + j  k, 4i + 2j + 2k and 6i  3j  13k
respectively and AB  AC , then find the value of  [March11][TS-2022]
     
***49. If the vectors 3i  4 j   k and i  8 j  6k are collinear vectors, then find  and  .
[TS-2022, AP-2021][March2014, May2010] [AP Mar-2018]
***50. OABC is a parallelogram. If OA = a and OC = c then find the vector equation of the side BC.
***51. Find the equation of the plane which passes through the points 2i  4 j  2k , 2i  3 j  5k and
parallel to the vector 3i  2 j  k [March12]
***52. Find the vector equation of the line joining the points 2i + j + 3k and 4i + 3j  k.
[Mar11]
***53. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2i  3 j  k and parallel to the
vector 4i  2 j  3k . [AP-2022][June10, Mar-2015] [TS-M-2017, May -2019, 2022]
***54. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points.
i  2 j  5k ,  5 j  k and 3i  5 j [AP-M-2017,2019]
***55. If a, b, c are the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C respectively of ABC the find the
vector equations of the median through the vertex A. [Mar04, 13, May08]
***56. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points (0, 0, 0), (0, 5, 0) and (2, 0, 1)
[TS-2020][AP Mar-2018, AUG-2022,]
**57. ABCDE is pentagon. If the sum of the vectors AB, AE , BC , DC , ED and AC is  AC then find
the value of  .
**58. a  2i  5 j  k and b  4i  m j  nk are collinear vectors then find the values of m and n
[Jun-11, TS-Mar-15] [TS-M-2017] [TS Mar-2018]
***60. If OA = i+ j+ k, AB = 3i – 2j +k, BC = i + 2j –2k and CD = 2i + j + 3k, then find the vector OD
[Mar-2013, TS-Mar-15, TS-Mar-19]
***61. Is the triangle formed by the vectors 3i + 5j + 2k, 2i -3j –5k and –5i –2j +3k equilateral?
***62. If ,  and  are the angles made by the vector 3i – 6j + 2k with the positive directions of the
coordinate axes then find cos , cos  and cos  . [AP-M-2017]

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4. PRODUCT OF VECTORS
***63. If the vectors i  3 j  5k and 2i   j  k are perpendicular to each other, find 
[AP-2016][AP-march-2019]
2p
***64. If 4i  j  pk is parallel to the vector i  2 j  3k , find p [Mar11]
3
***65. Find the angle between the vectors i + 2j + 3k and 3i  j + 2k
[Mar10, 2014] [TS Mar-2018, 2022]
***66. Find the Cartesian equation of the plane through the point A(2, 1, 4) and parallel to the plane
4x  12y  3z  7 = 0 [TS-2021]
***67. Find the angle between the plane r. (2i  j + 2k) = 3 and r (3i + 6j + k) = 4 [TS-2020]
***68. Find the area of the parallelogram having 2i  3 j and 3i  k as adjacent sides.
[May12, TS-Mar-2015]
***69. Let a = i + j + k and b = 2i + 3j + k find
i) The projection vector of b and a and its magnitude [AP-2016]
ii) The vector components of b in the direction of a and perpendicular to a.
(iii) If a  i  j  k , b  2i  3 j  k , then find the projection vector of b on a and its magnitude
(March 1991, AP March-2017)
***70. If |a| = 2, |b| = 3 and |c| = 4 and each of a, b, c is perpendicular to the sum of the other two
vectors, then find the magnitude of a + b + c.
***71. If a  2i  j  k and b  i  3 j  5k , then find a  b [Mar2013]

***72. If a = 2i  3j + 5k , b = i + 4j + 2k then find a  b and unit vector perpendicular to both a and

b. [AP-2021]
***73. Let a = 2i  j + k and b = 3i + 4j  k. If  is the angle between a and b then find sin 
2 2 2 2
***74. For any vector a, show that a  i  a  j  a  k  2 a

***75. Find the area of the parallelogram having a  2 j  k and b  i  k as adjacent sides
[AP-2016]
***76. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 3i  j  2k and i  3 j  4k
***77. If the vectors a = 2i  j + k, b = i + 2j  3k and c = 3i + pj + 5k are coplanar then find p.
     
***78. Show that i  a  i  j  a  j  k  a  k  2a for any vector a
*** 79. Let b = 2i + j  k, c = i + 3k. If a is a unit vector then find the maximum value of [a b c]
1 1
***80. If  e1  e2   sin  where e1 and e2 are unit vectors including an angle  , show that  
2 2
***81. If a = i + 2j –3k and b = 3i –j + 2k, then show that a + b and a – b are perpendicular to each
other [May-11, Mar-15]
***82. If a= 2i + 2j –3k, b = 3i –j +2k, then find the angle between 2a + b and a + 2b.
***83. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the vectors
a  4i  3j  k, b  2i  6 j  3k [May-09]

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  6 , then find p  q
2
***84. If p  2, q  3 and p, q 

***85. Compute a   b  c   b   c  a   c   a  b 
***86. Prove that for any three vectors a, b, c [b + c c +a a +b] = 2[ a b c]
***87. (a) Compute i  j j  k k  i 

(b) If a  2 i  3 j  k and b  a i  4 j  2k then find  a  b    a  b  [TS Mar-2018]

5. TRIGONOMETRY UPTO TRANSFORMATIONS

***88. If cos   sin   2 cos , prove that cos   sin   2 sin  [Mar09, June11]
***89. If 3sin   4 cos   5 , then find the value of 4sin   3cos  [Mar12]
 3 5 7 9
***90. Prove that cot .cot .cot .cot .cot 1 [Mar2005]
20 20 20 20 20
***91. Find the period of the following functions
 4x  9 
i) f  x   tan 5 x [TS-2022] ii) f  x   cos   [TS-2021][Mar2005,2014,May-10]
 5 
x x
iii) f  x   sin x iv) f  x   cos 4 x v) f  x   2 sin  3cos
4 3
vi) f  x   tan  x  4 x  9 x  ....  n 2 x  (n is any positive integer)
[Mar-15, TS- Mar-15][AP-2021]
vii) f  x   cos  3 x  5  7
1
***92. Prove that cos12° + cos84° + cos132° + cos156°  
2
***93. Find the value of sin34° + cos64°  cos4° [May2014]
***94. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following functions over R
i) f  x   7 cos x  24 sin x  5 [AP AUG 2022] ii) f  x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x
   
iii) cos  x    2 2 sin  x    3 [Mar2009]
 3  3
iv) f  x   13cos x  3 3 sin x  4 [AP & TS March-2017]
v) f  x   3sin x  4 cos x [Mar2014]
***95. Find the value of
1 1 1 1
i) sin 2 82  sin 2 22 [TS March-2017] ii) cos 2 112  sin 2 52
2 2 2 2
1 1 3 5
iii) sin 2 52  sin 2 22 iv) cos 48º.cos12º  . [TS March-2017]
2 2 8
1 3
***96. Prove that  4 [TS Mar-2018](SAQ)
sin10 cos10

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2 sin  1  cos   sin 
***97. If  x , find the value of
1  cos   sin  1  sin 
tan 610  tan 700 1  p 2
***98. i) If tan20° = p, then prove that 
tan 560  tan 470 1  p 2
Tan160  tan110 1   2
ii) If tan20° =  , then show that  [AP-2016]
1  tan160 Tan110 2
 
***99. i) Draw the graph of y = tanx in between  0,  . ii) Draw the graph of y = cos2 x in  0, 
 4
iii) Draw the graph of y = sin 2x in  0,  
iv) Draw the graph of y = sin x between  and  taking four values on Xaxis [May14]
***100. Prove that 4  cos 66  sin 84   3  15
3 1
***101. Prove that cos20° cos40°  sin5° sin25° 
4

**102. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle and if none of them is equal to , then prove that
2
tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
1
***103. If sin    and  does not lie in the third quadrant. Find the value of cos  [Mar13]
3
***104. Find the cosine function whose period is 7.
2
***105. Find a sine function whose period is
3
cos 9  sin 9
***106. Prove that  cot 36 [TS Mar-2018]
cos 9  sin 9
 
***107. If 0    , show that 2  2  2  2 cos 4  2 cos
8 2
sin 2 1
**108. Prove that tan   and hence deduce the values of tan15° and ta tan 22
1  cos 2 2
3 
**109. If sin   , where     , evaluate cos 3 and tan 2 [TS-Mar-15]
5 2
1
***110. Prove that cos100º cos 40º + sin 100º sin 40º  
2
***111. Find the value of cos42º + cos78º + cos162º
2
***112. If sec   tan   , find the value of sin  and determine the quadrant in which  lies.
3
 1 
***113. Show that cos 4   2 cos 2   1  2
4
  1  sin 
 sec  
2
***114. Prove that  tan   cot    sec2   cos ec 2  sec 2 .cos ec2

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
***115. If  is not an integral multiple of , prove that tan   2 tan 2  4 tan 4  8 cot 8  cot 
2
[AP-M-2019]
5 
***116. If cos    and     then find sin 2 .
13 2
2 tan x
***117. (i) For what values of x in the first quadrant is positive?
1  tan 2 x
4
(ii) If sin   and  is not in the first quadrant, find the value of cos  .
5
[TS-M-2017] [AP-M-2019]
(iii) Find the value of sin330°.cos120° + cos210°.sin300°. [AS Mar-2018]
(iv) Find the extreme values of cos2x + cos+2x. [AP Mar-2018]
(v) Prove that sin50° - sin70° + sin10° = 0 [TS Mar-2018]

6. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
5
***118. If cosh x  , find the values of (i) cosh(2x) and (ii) sinh(2x)
2
[Mar10,11, May06,11] [AP-2016] [TS-M-2017]
3
***119. sinh x  , find cosh(2x) and sinh(2x) [Mar12, 2014, May09]
4
***120. If cosh x  sec  then prove that tan h 2 x / 2  tan 2  / 2 [Mar2013]
**121. For any x  R . Prove that cosh4 x  sinh4 x = cosh(2x)
      
***122. If   ,  and x  log  cot      , prove that sinh x   tan 2 and cosh x  sec 2
 4 4  4 
    
**123. If u  log e  tan     and if cos   0 , then prove that cosh u  sec 
  4 2 
1 1 x 
***124. Theorem: for x   1,1 , tanh1  x   log e  
2  1 x 
1 1
***125. Show that tanh 1    log e 3
2 2
[Mar2005, 07, 15, May2005, 07] [AP-M-2017,2019]

***126. (I) If sinhx = 5, show that x = loge 5  26 
(II) If sinhx =3, prove that x  log  3 
e 10  [TS -2016][AP MAR 2022, AUG-2022]
***127. Prove that
n
i)  cosh x  sinh x   cosh  nx   sinh  nx  , for any n  R [March-06, 07, TS-Mar-15]
n
ii)  cosh x  sinh x   cosh  nx   sinh  nx  , for any n  R
***128. For x, y  R i) sinh  x  y   sinh x cosh y  cosh x sinh y

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ii) cosh  x  y   cosh x cosh y  sinh x sinh y

tanh x  tanh y
***129. Prove that tanh  x  y  
1  tanh x.tanh y
cosh x sinh x
***130. Prove that   sinh x  cosh x, for x  0 .
1  tanh x 1  coth x
7. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
(NOT GIVEN IN EXAMS BUT THE QUESTIONS USEFUL TO SOLVE LAQ’S & SAQ’S)

***131. In the lengths of the sides of a triangle are 3, 4, 5 find the circumference of the triangle

***132. If the sides of a triangle are 13, 14, 15 then find the circum diameter
***133. In ABC , If (a + b + c) (b + c  a) = 3bc, find A [Mar2008]
C B
***134. In ABC , find b cos 2  c cos 2 [Mar10, 12]
2 2
A 5 C 2
***135. If tan  and tan  , determine the relation between a, b, c [May2005]
2 6 2 5
***136. If a  3  1cms , B  30, C  45 , then find c
63
***137. If a = 26cms, b = 30 cms and cos C  , then find c. [Mar11]
65
***138. If a = 6, b = 5, c = 9 then find angle A. [May10]
B
***139. If a = 4, b = 5, c = 7 then find cos
2
a b c
***140. If   , then show that ABC is equilateral [March2009]
cos A cos B cos C
1 1 1 1
***141. In ABC , prove that    [TS-2021]
r1 r2 r3 r
***142. Show that r r1 r2 r3 =  2
***143. In ABC ,   6 sq.cm and s = 1.5cm, find r.
***144. If rr2 = r1r3, then find B
***145. If A = 90°, show that 2(r + R) = b + c
r1 3
***146. Show that  
 s  b  s  c  r
***147. Show that a2 sin 2C + c2 sin2A = 4 
***148. If a cosA = b cos B, prove that the triangle is either isosceles or right angled.

*** **

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MATHEMATICS – I(B)

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (7 MARKS)

1. STRAIGHT LINES
1.*** Find the circumcentre of the triangle with the vertices (i)(-2, 3), (2, -1) and (4, 0) (March 11)
(ii) (1,3), (-3, 5), (5,1). [TS Mar-2018]

2. *** (i) Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices (-2, -1), (6,-1) and (2,5).
(March 04, 07, 15)
(ii) Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices  5, 2  ,  1, 2  , 1, 4  .[TS Mar 2017]
3. *** Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are 3 x  y  5  0 , x  2 y  4  0 &
5x  3y 1  0 . (June 2005, March 2006)
4. *** Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are x  y  2  0 , 5 x  y  2  0 and
x  2y 5  0
(March 2014)
5. *** If Q(h, k) is the image of the point P  x1 , y1  w.r.t the straight line ax  by  c  0 . Then
h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
 h  x1  : a   k  y1  : b  2  ax1  by1  c  : a 2  b 2 (or) 
a b a 2  b2
and find the image of (1, -2) w.r.t. The straight line  2 x  3 y  5  0 
(Mar 2013, May 2004)[TS-2022]
5. (a)*** If Q(h, k) is the image of the point P  x1 , y1  w.r.t the straight line ax  by  c  0 . Then prove
h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
that   (AP-March- 2019)[TS-2020]
a b a 2  b2
6.*** If Q(h,k) is the foot of the perpendicular from P  x1 , y1  on the line ax  by  c  0 , then prove
h  x1 k  y1   ax1  by1  c 
that  h  x1  : a   k  y1  : b    ax1  by1  c  : a 2  b 2 (or)
  .
a b a 2  b2
Also find the foot of the perpendicular from (-1, 3) on the line 5 x  y  18  0 (May 2007)
7.*** If p and q are the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin to the straight lines
x sec   y cos ec  a and x cos   y sin   a cos 2 , prove that 4 p 2  q 2  a 2 (Mar
2008)[TS MAR 2020] [AP AUG 2022]
8.*** Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point of intersection of the lines
3 x  2 y  4  0 , 2 x  5 y  1 and whose distance from (2, -1) is 2. (Mar 2009, May 09)
9. ** Find the equation of the straight lines passing through (1,2) and making an angle of 60 with
the line 3 x  y  2  0
10***. If the equations of the sides of a triangle are 7x + y –10 =0, x –2y + 5 =0 and x +y +2 =0. Find
the orthocetnre of the triangle [May 2009, TS-Mar-15]
11***. Find the circumcetnre of the triangle whose vertices are (1, 3), (0, –2) & (–3, 1)[AP Mar-2018]
12***. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices (–5, –7), (13, 2) and (–5, 6) . [AP -2016]
12a***. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices (5, –2), (–1, 2) and (1, 4) .
[TS March 2019]

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13***. Find the orthocetnre of the triangle formed by the lines x +2y =0, 4x + 3y –5 =0 and 3x + y=0
14***. (I) Show that the origin is with in the triangle whose angular points are (2, 1) (3, –2)&(–4, –1)
(II) The base of an equilateral triangle is x + y – 2= 0and the opposite vertex is (2, -1). Find the
equations of the remaining sides. [TS -2016]

2. PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

15.*** Find the values of k, if the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
2 x 2  2 xy  3 y 2  2 x  y  1  0 and the line x  2 y  k are mutually perpendicular
(March 12, 11, May 10, March 2005, June 2005, March 2006, May 2007, TS-Mar-15) [AP Mar 2017]
[TS March 2019] (AP-March- 2019, 2021, 2022)
16.*** Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
x 2  2 xy  y 2  2 x  2 y  5  0 and the line 3 x  y  1  0
(Mar 13, May 11, June 04, Mar 07,09) [AP -2016]
17.*** Show that the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
x 2  xy  y 2  3 x  3 y  2  0 and the straight line x  y  2  0 are mutually perpendicular
(March 08, 12, 15) [TS Mar-2018, 2020][AP 2021]
18.*** Find the condition for the chord lx  my  1 of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 (whose center is the
origin) to subtend a right angle at the origin. (March 2014)[TS-2022]
2 2
19.*** Let the equation ax  2hxy  by  0 represents a pair of straight lines. Then the angle 
ab
between the lines is given by cos   .
2
 a  b   4h 2
(March 2011) [AP-2020][TS Mar-2018]
20.*** If the equation ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represents a pair of distinct (i.e., intersecting) lines, then
the combined equation of the pair of bisectors of the angles between these lines is
h  x 2  y 2    a  b  xy (March 2009, May 2009) [AP Mar-2018]
21.*** Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and lx  my  n  0 is
n 2 h 2  ab
sq.unit. (March 13, May 10) [TS & AP March 2017] [TS March 2019]
am2  2hlm  bl 2
22.*** If the equation S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 represents a pair of parallel straight
lines, then show that (i) h 2  ab , (ii) af 2  bg 2 and (iii) the distance between the parallel lines
g 2  ac f 2  bc
is 2 2 (March 10, 12,15, May 2006)[TS-2020](AP-March 2019)
a  a  b ba  b
23.*** If the second degree equation S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 in two variables x and y
represents a pair of straight lines, then
(i) abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2  0 and (ii) h2  ab, g 2  ac and f 2  bc (March 12, 14)
[TS -2016] [AP -2016]
24. *** Find the centroid and area of the triangle formed by the lines 12 x 2  20 xy  7 y 2  0 and
2x  3y  4  0 (March 2005)

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25. ** Show that the pairs of straight lines 6 x 2  5 xy  6 y 2  0 and 6 x 2  5 xy  6 y 2  x  5 y  1  0

forms a square. [AP-2021, AUG. 22]

26. ** If the equation  x 2  10 xy  12 y 2  5 x  16 y  3  0 represents a pair of straight lines then find


(May 09)
2 2
27. ** Show that the equation 2 x  13 xy  7 y  x  23 y  6  0 represents a pair of straight lines.
Also find the angle between them and the coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines.
(March 2004)

2 2
28.* Show that the lines represented by  lx  my   3  mx  ly   0 and lx  my  n  0 forms an
n2
equilateral triangle with area square units. (TS-Mar-15)
3  l 2  m2 
29. * Find the value of k, if the equation 2 x 2  kxy  6 y 2  3 x  y  1  0 represents a pair of straight
lines. Find the point of intersection of the lines and the angle between the straight lines for this
value of ‘k’.
30***. Find the condition for the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the circle
x 2  y 2  a 2 and the line lx  my  1 to coincide. [TS March 2017]
31***. Show that the product of the perpendicular distances from a point  ,   to the pair of straight

2 2
a 2  2h  b 2
lines ax  2hxy  by  0 is [TS-2022]
2
a  b  4h 2
2
32***. Show that the straight lines represented by  x  2a   3y 2  0 and x = a from an equilateral
triangle.
33***. Show that the product of the perpendicular distances from the origin to the pair of straight lines
c
represented by ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 is
2
 a  b   4h 2
34***. Show that the straight lines represented by 3x 2  48xy  23y 2  0 and 3x – 2y +13 =0 form an
equilateral triangle of area 13 / 3 sq.units
35***. A) Find the centroid and the area of the triangle formed by the following lines
i) 2y 2  xy  6x 2  0; x  y  4  0 ii) 3x 2  4xy  y 2  0; 2x  y  6
B) Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of the curve
7x2 – 4xy + 8y2 + 2x – 4y – 8= 0 with the straight line 3x – y = 2. [TS -2016] [AP Mar-2018]
3. DIRECTION CONSINES AND DIRECTION RATIOS
36.*** If a ray makes the angles  ,  ,  and  with four diagonals of a cube then find

cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   cos 2  . (March 2005, June 2005, March 2008, May 2008)
37.*** Find the angle between the lines whose direction consines satisfy the equations l  m  n  0 ,
l 2  m 2  n 2  0 (March 2007, 11, 13, June 2004, May 2007) [AP March 2017]
[TS March 2019] (AP-March 2019)

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38.*** Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations
3l  m  5n  0 and 6mn  2nl  5lm  0 (May 2006, 10, March 06, 09, 10, TS-Mar-15, 2020)
39.*** Show that direction cosines of two lines which are connected by the relation l  m  n  0 and
2mn  3nl  5lm  0 are perpendicular to each other. (March 2012) [AP -2016]
40. ** Find the angle between two diagonals of cube. (Mar-15)[TS Mar-2018, 2022][AP-2020]
41. ** Find the direction cosines of two lines which are connected by the relations l  m  n  0 and
mn  2nl  2lm  0 [TS March 2017]

42*. Find the direction cosines of two lines which are connected by the relations l–5m+3n=0 and 7l2
+ 5m3 –3n2 =0. (May 2007) [TS -2016] [AP Mar-2018, 2021]
43*. The vertices of triangle are A(1, 4, 2), B(–2, 1, 2), C(2, 3, –4). Find A, B, C (Mar-2014)

4. DIFFERENTIATION
dy 1 y2
44*** If 1  x2  1  y 2  a  x  y  then show that  .
dx 1  x2
(March 2005, 2008, 2011) [TS M 2017]
 1  x2  1  x2 
1 dy
45. *** If y  tan   for 0  x  1 , find . [AP-2020]
2
 1  x  1  x 
2 dx
[AP -2016] (March 04, 09, 10, 12) [TS Mar-2018]
cos x dy
46. *** If y  x tan x   sin x  , find . (May 2006, March 2007, 11, 20114) [AP Mar-2018, 2021]
dx
log x
47. *** Find the derivative of  sin x   xsin x with respective x.
(March 2013, TS-Mar-15) [AP M 2017]
dy  yx y 1  y x log y 
48. *** If x y  y x  ab then show that  . [TS-2016] (March 2011)
dx  x y log x  xy x1 

49.*** 
If y  x a 2  x 2  a 2 log x  a 2  x 2  then prove that dydx  2 a 2  x 2 . [Mar-08, 08, 15]
1/ 2  a cos x  b 
50. *** If a  0 , b  0 and 0  x   and f  x    a 2  b 2  cos 1   then
 a  b cos x 
1
f 1  x    a  b cos x  (May 2009)
3at 3at 2 dy
51. ** If x  3
, y  3
. Find (Board paper)
1 t 1 t dx
x x
52. ** If f  x   sin 1 and g  x   tan 1 then show that
  x
f 1  x   g 1  x    x    . (March 2006)
 2x   2x 
53. ** Find the derivative of f  x   tan 1  2 
w.r. to g  x   sin 1  2 
(March 2004)
1 x   1 x 

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dy y  x log y  y 
54. ** If x y  y x then show that  .
dx x  y log x  x 
dy y 1  log x log y 
55. ** If x log y  log x then show that  .
dx x log 2x
3 3
 2x  1  3x  x  1  4x  4x  dt 1
56.** If y  Tan 1  2 
 Tan  2 
 Tan  2 4 
then show that 
 1 x   1  3x   1  6x  x  dx 1  x 2
[TS-2020][AP-2022](May-07)
2
2 2 d y h 2  ab
57.** If ax  2hxy  by  1 then prove that 
dx 2  hx  by 3
2 3

58.* Find
dy
of the function y 
1  2x  3 1  3x  4 (May-2010)
5
dx 6 9
1  6x  1  7x  7
 b  a sin x 
59.* Find derivative of the sin 1    a  0, b  0 
 a  b sin x 

5. TANGENTS AND NORMALS

60. *** If the tangent at any point P on the curve x m y n  a m n  mn  0  meets the coordinate axes in A
and B then show that AP:BP is constant. (March 10, May 2006, 2008)
2 2 2
3 3 3
61. *** If the tangent at any point on the curve x  y  a intersects the coordinate axes in A and B,
then show that the length AB is a constant. (March 10, March 2006, 07, 08, 13, 14,15 TS)
[AP-2021][TS March 2019]
2 2
62. *** Show that curves y  4  x  1 and y  36  9  x  intersect orthogonally.
(March 2006, 09, 11)
2 2 2
63. *** Find the angle between the curves y  4 x and x  y  5 .
(May 2007, March 2012) [AP-2016, 2020] [TS-2022]
64. *** Find the angle between the curves 2 y 2  9 x  0 , 3 x 2  4 y  0 (in the 4th quadrant).
(May 2009)[TS-2020]
65. *** At any point ‘t’ on the curve x  a  t  sin t  , y  a 1  cos t  , find the lengths of tangent,
normal, subtangent and subnormal. (Board paper)
2 2 2
66. ** Find the angle between the curves y  8 x , 4 x  y  32 . (May 2012) [AP Mar-2018]
1 1
67. ** Show that the curves 6 x 2  5 x  2 y  0 and 4 x 2  8 y 2  3 touch each other at  , 
2 2
(March 2010, 15)
68. ** Show that the condition for the orthogonality of the curves ax  by  1 and a1 x 2  b1 y 2  1 is
2 2

1 1 1 1
   . [TS-2016] (AP-March 2019)
a b a1 b1
69.*** At a point (x1, y1) on the curve x 3  y3  3axy show that the tangent is
x 2
1  ay1  x   y12  ax1  y  ax1 y1 [TS M 2017]

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70.*** Find the value of K so that the length of the sub-normal at any point on the curve xy k  a k 1 is
a constant.
71.*** (i) Define the angle between two curves
(ii) Find the angle between the curves xy =2, and x2 + 4y =0 (May 2011) [AP M 2017]
72.*** Show that the equation of tangent at the point  x1 , y1  on the curve x  y  a is
1/ 2 1/ 2
xx1  yy1  a1/ 2 [AP-2022](June 2004)
73.*** Find the lengths of sub tangent, sub normal at a point t on the curve
x  a  cost  t sin t  , y  a  sin t  t cos t  [TS M 2017, 2020]
74.*** Find the angle between the curve x 2 y  4, y  x 2  4   8
3
75.*** If the slope of the tangent to the curve y  x log x at point on it is , then find the equations of
2
tangent and normal at the point.
76.*** Show that the square of the length of subtangent at any point on the curve
3
by 2   x  a   b  0  varies with the length of the subnormal at the point.
77.*** (I) Find the equations of the tangents to the curve y  3x 2  x 3 , where it meets the X-axis.
n n
 x  y
(II) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve       2 z  a  0, b  0  at the
a  b
x y
point (a, b) is   2 . [TS Mar – 2018]
a b

6. MAXIMA AND MINIMA

78. *** If the curved surface of right circular cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius ‘r’ is maximum,
show the height of the cylinder is 2r . (May -10, March 2004, June 2004, March 2008)
[TS-2016][AP-2020]
79. *** From a rectangular sheet of dimensions 30cm  80cm .four equal squares of side x cm. are
removed at the corners, and the sides are then turned up so as to form an open rectangular box.
Find the value of x, so that the volume of the box is the greatest.
(March 2009, 2014) [AP-2016] [TS Mar – 2018, 2020]
80. *** A window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the perimeter of the
window is 20ft., find the maximum area. (May 2009) [TS M 2017]
81. *** A wire of length ‘l’ is cut into two parts which are bent respectively in the form of a square and
a circle. What are the lengths of the pieces of the wire respectively so that the sum of the areas
is the least. (March 2011) [AP M 2017, 2021]
82. ** A manufacturer can sell x items at a price of rupees  5  x /100  each. The cost price of x items
is Rs.  x / 5  500  . Find the number of items that the manufacturer should sell to earn
maximum profits.
83. * Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum of f  x   8x3  81x2  42 x  8 on [-8, 2].
84. * Find the maximum area of the rectangle that can be formed with fixed perimeter 20.
[TS March 2019]

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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

1. LOCUS
1. *** A (1, 2), B (2, -3) and C(-2, 3) are three points. A point ‘P’ moves such that PA2  PB 2  2 PC 2
. Show that the equation to the locus of P is 7 x  7 y  4  0 .
(March 11, May 2007, 09) [AP-M-2017, 2021] [TS March 2019]
2. *** Find the equation of locus of P, if the ratio of the distance from P to (5, -4) and (7, 6) is 2:3.
(March -2014, May 2008, July 2001)
3. *** A(5,3) and B(3,-2) are two fixed points. Find the equation of locus of P, so that the area of
triangle PAB is 9 sq. units. (March 2006, 2009, TS-Mar-15) [TS-M-2017, 2022] [AP-M-
2019, 2022]

4. *** Find the equation of locus of a point, the difference of whose distances from (-5, 0) and (5, 0) is
8. (March 2004, May 2006)
5. *** Find the equation of locus of P, if A   2, 3 , B   2, 3 and PA  PB  8 .
(Mar-2003,08, 15) [AP Mar – 2018]
6. *** Find the equation of locus of P, if the line segment joining (2, 3) and (-1, 5) subtends a right
angle at P. [TS-2021](March 2013, May 2012, March 2005)
7. ** (i) Find the equation of locus of P, if A   4, 0  , B   4, 0  , and PA  PB  4 .
[TS-2022](May 2013, March 2007)
(ii) Find the locus of the third vertex of a right angle triangle, the ends of whose hypotenuse are
(4,0) and (0, 4). [TS Mar – 2018]
8.* Find the equation of the locus of a point P such that PA2  PB 2  2c 2 where A   a, 0  ,
B   a, 0  and 0  a  c . (May 2014)[TS-2021]
9.*** A(2, 3), B(–3, 4) are two given points. Find the equation of locus of P so that he area of PAB
is 8.5 sq.units [TS-2020][AP-2021]
10.*** The ends of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle are (0, 6) and (6, 0) . Find the equation of
locus of its third vertex.
11.*** Find the equation of the locus of a point P such that the distance of P from the origin is twice
the distance of P from A(1,2 ).
12.*** Find the equation of locus of a point, the sum of whose distances from (0,2) and (0,–2) is
6 units. (May 2010) [TS-2016]
13.*** Find the equation of locus of a point P, if the distance of P from A(3, 0) is twice the distance of
P from B(–3, 0).
14.*** If the distance from P to the points (2, 3), (2,–3) are in the ratio 2 : 3 then find the equation of
locus of P. (May 2014) [AP-2016, 2022]

2. TRANSFORMATION OF AXES
15. *** When the origin is shifted to the point (2,3), the transformed equation of a curve is
x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  17 x  7 y  11  0 . Find the original equation of the curve.
(March 2009, 10, 11, May 2009) [TS-2016]
15(a). ***When the origin is shifted to the point (3,-4), and transformed equation is x 2  y 2  4 . Find
the original equation . [AP-march-2019]

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16. *** When the axes are rotated through an angle /4, find the transformed equation of
3 x 2  10 xy  3 y 2  9 . (June 2005, May 2008, 12) [TS-2021] [TS & AP-M-2017]

17. *** When the axes are rotated through an angle , find the transformed equation of
6
2 2 2
x  2 3 xy  y  2a . (May 2006, March 2007, 12, 15, May 2013) [TS Mar–2018, 2022]
18. *** When the axes are rotated through an angle 45 , the transformed equation of a curve is
17 x 2  16 xy  17 y 2  225 . Find the original equation of the curve.
(May 10, March 2008, TS-15, 2020, 2021)
1  2h 
19. *** Show that the axes are to be rotated through an angle of tan 1   so as to remove the xy
2  a b 

term from the equation ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 , if a  b and through the angle , if a=b. (March
4
2006, 2013)
20. ** When the origin is shifted to (-1, 2) by the translation of axes, find the transformed equation of
x2  y2  2x  4 y 1  0 . [TS-2022] [AP Mar – 2018]
21.*** When the axes are rotated through an angle  , find the transformed equation of
x cos   ysin   p . [AP-2020][TS March 2019]
22.*** (I) When the origin is shifted to the point (–1,2 ) , the transformed equation of a curve is
x 2  2y 2  16  0 . Find the original equation of the curve.
(II)When the origin is shifted to (-1,2) by the translation of axes, find the transformed equation
of 2x2 + y2 – 4x+4y = 0. [AP-2016]

3. STRAIGHT LINES
23. *** (i) Transform the equation 3x  y  4 into (a) slope-intercept form (b) intercept form and (c)
normal form (March 2004, 2008) [TS-2016][AP-2021]
(ii) Transform the equation x +y +1 =0 into normal form. [AP March 2017]
x y
24. *** Transform the equation   1 into the normal form when a  0 , and b  0 . If the
a b
1 1 1
perpendicular distance of straight line from the origin is p, deduce that 2  2  2 .
p a b
(June 2004, March 2007, May 2008)

 
25. *** A straight line through Q 3, 2 makes an angle
6
with the positive direction of the X-axis.

If the straight line intersects the line 3 x  4 y  8  0 at P, find the distance PQ.
(Mar 2004) [TS March 2019]
26.*** A straight line with slope 1 passes through Q(–3, 5) and meets the straight line x + y – 6 =0 at
P. Find the distance PQ. [TS-Mar-2015]
27. *** Find the points the line 3 x  4 y  1  0 which are at a distance of 5 units from the point (3,2)
[AP-2016]
28. *** Find the value of k, if the angle between the straight lines 4 x  y  7  0 and kx  5 y  9  0 is
45 [TS-2021] (March 2012)
29. *** Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point (-3, 2) and making an angle of
45 with the straight line 3 x  y  4  0 . (March 2009)

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30. *** Find the equations of straight line making non-zero equal intercepts on the coordinate axes
passing through the point of intersection of lines 2 x  5 y  1  0 and x  3 y  4  0 .
(March 2006)
31. *** Find the point on the line 3 x  y  4  0 which is equidistant from the points (-5, 6) and (3,2).
(March 2013)
32. *** A triangle of area 24 sq. units is formed by a straight line and the co-ordinate axes in the first
quadrant. Find the equation of that straight line if it passes through (3, 4). (May 2007)
33. *** (i) Find the value of k, if the lines 2 x  3 y  k  0 , 3 x  4 y  13  0 and 8 x  11 y  33  0 are
concurrent. (March 2005)
(ii) Show that the lines 2x + y – 3= 0, 3x + 2y – 2 = 0 and 2x – 3y – 23 = 0 are concurrent and
find the point of concurrency. [AP Mar – 2018]
34. *** If the straight lines ax  by  c  0 , bx  cy  a  0 and cx  ay  b  0 are concurrent, then
prove that a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc . [AP-march-2019]
35.* Find the equation of the straight line parallel to the line 3 x  4 y  7 and passing through the
point of intersection of the lines x  2 y  3  0 and x  3 y  6  0 . [TS-2016]
36. * Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the line 2 x  3 y  0 and passing through
the point of the intersection of the line x  3 y  1  0 and x  2 y  4  0 .
37. * A 10, 4  , B  4, 9  and C  2, 1 are the vertices of a triangle. Find the equations of
____
i) AB ii) The median through A iii) the altitude through B
____
iv) the perpendicular bisector of the side AB .
x y
38. * A variable straight line drawn through the point of intersection of straight lines   1 and
a b
___
x y
  1 meets the co-ordinate axes at A and B. Show that the locus of the mid point of AB is
b a
2  a  B  xy  ab  x  y  . (May 2005)
39. * Transform the equation 4 x  3 y  12  0 into (i) slope intercept from (ii) intercept form (iii)
normal form (May 2014) [AP-2016]
3
40***. A straight line through Q(2, 3) makes an angle with the negative direction of the X-axis. If
4
the straight line intersects the line x + y – 7=0 at P, find the distance PQ.

41***. Find the values of k, if the angle between the straight line kx + y + 9 =0 and 3x –y +4=0 is .
4
42***. If 3a + 2b + 4c =0, then show that the equation ax + by +c =0 represents a family of concurrent
straight lines and find the point of concurrency.
43***. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line 3x + 4y +6 =0 and making an itrcept –4
on the X-axis.
44***. Find the value of ‘a’ if the distances of the point (2, 3) and (–4, a) from the straight line 3x + 4y
–8 = 0 are equal
45***. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through (1, 3) and (i) parallel to (ii)
perpendicular to the line passing through the points (3, –5) and (–6, 1) [TS-2022]
46***. Find the angles of the triangle whose sides are x + y –4 =0 , 2x + y –6 =0 and 5x + 3y –15 =0
[May-2007]

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47***. Line ‘L’ has intercepts a and b on the axes of coordinates. When the axes are rotated through a
given angle, keeping the origin fixed, the same line ‘L’ has intercepts p and q on the
1 1 1 1
transformed axes prove that 2  2  2  2
a b p q
48***. A (–1, 1) , B(5, 3) are opposite vertices of a square in the XY-plane. Find the equation of the
other diagonal (not passing through A, B) of the square.

4. CONTINUITY
 cos ax  cos bx
 2
if x  0
x
49. *** Show that f  x    where a and b are real constants. Is continuous at
 1 b2  a2  if x  0
 2
x=0. (May 2006, March 2009) [TS M 2017]
 sin 2 x
 , if x  0
50. *** Is ‘f’ defined by f  x    x continuous at x  0 ? (May 2010, March 2006, 09)
 1, if x  0

51. *** Check the continuity of the following function at 2. [AP M 2017, 2021] [TS Marc 2019]
1 2
 2  x  4  if 0  x  2

f  x    0 if x  2
 2  8 x 3 if x  2


52.*** Check the continuity of ‘f’ given by
 x 2  9  /  x 2  2 x  3 if 0  x  5 and x  3
f  x  
 1.5 if x  3
[AP-2020](Mar-11, 13, 14, 15)
2
k x  k if x  1
53. If ‘f’ given by f  x    , is a continuous function on R, then find the values of
 2 if x  1
k. [AP-2022]
54*. (I) Find real constants a, b so that the function f given by
 sin x if x  0
 x 2  a if 0  x  1

f x   is continuous on R.
 bx  3 if 1  x  3
 3 if x  3
 4  x2 , if x0

 x  5, if 0  x 1
(II) check the continuity of f given by f  x    2 [AP&TS Mar – 2018]
4x  9, if 1  x  2
 3x  4, if x2
at the points 0, 1 and 2. [TS-2016]

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 x 2 if x  1
55*. Is the function f, defined by f  x    continuous on R?
 x if x  1
x x
56*. Show that f, given by f  x    x  0  is continuous on R–{0}.
x
5. DIFFERENTIATION
57. *** Find the derivative of the following functions from the first principles w.r.to x.
i) cos 2 x (June 2004, May 2008) [TS March 2019]
ii) tan 2x [AP-2021] (March 2005, May 2011)
iii) x  1 (June 2005, May 2012)
iv) sec 3x (March 2008, 12)
v) cos  ax  (March 2009, 11, 13)
vi) sin 2x [AP Mar – 2018] (May 2010)
[TS-2020, 2021][AP 2020]
vii) x sin x [TS Mar – 2018] (March- 10,15, May 2009)
viii) log x
ix) ax 2  bx  c
x) a x
xi) x3 (March 2010, 15, May 2009)
xii) cot [AP M 2017]
dy log x
58. *** If x y  e x  y , then show that  . (March 2007, 2008)
dx 1  log x 2
2
dy sin  a  y 
59. *** If sin y  x sin  a  y  , then show that  (a is not a multiple of  ).
dx sin a
(March 2011)
 1  x2 1 
60. *** If f  x   tan 1
 , g  x   tan 1 x then differentiate f  x  w.r.to g(x).
 x 
 
(May 2009)
2 2
dy y y
61. *** If y  x y then show that   . (March 2004)
dx x 1  log y  x 1  y log x 

dy
62. ** If x  3cos t  2 cos3 t , y  3sin t  2 sin 3 t , then find . (March 2010)
dx
d2y
63. ** If x  a  t  sin t  , y  a 1  cos t  then find .
dx 2
dy
64. ** If y x  x sin y then find .
dx
dy 1 t2  2bt
65. * Find of the functions x  a  2 
, y 2
.
dx  1  t  1  t
dy
66.*** Find for the function , x  a  cost  t sin t  , y  a  sin t  t cos t  (May -2008) [TS-2016]
dx

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dy y
67.*** If x 2 / 3  y 2 / 3  a 2/ 3 then
 3
dx x
68.** If y  a cos x   b  2x  sin x, then show that y  y  4 cos x
 3a 2 x  x 3 
69.** Find derivative of tan 1  
 a  a  3x  
2 2

x 1
1  2  dy
70.** If y  sin  x 
then find
1  4  dx
71.** if y  log  4x 2  9  then find y11
1 x dy
72.** If y  Tan 1
1 x
 x  1 ¸then find
dx
.

1 x2
2 
73.** if f  x   x  1 then find f 1  x 
1 x
5 2
74.** If ay 4   x  b  then ST 5yy11   y1  [TS M 2017]
75.** Show that f  x   x is differentiable at any x  0 and is not differentiable at 0.
3  x x0
76.** Check the differentiability of function f  x    at 0
3  x x0
6. TANGENTS & NORMALS
77. *** Show that the length of the subnormal at any point on the curve y 2  4ax is constant.
(March 2005, 11, May 2009)

x
a  ax 
78. *** (i) Find the lengths of normal and sub normal at a point on the curve y   e  e a 
2 
[TS-2021] (Mar 13)
x
(ii) Find the lengths of the subtangent and subnormal to curve y=bsin at any point. [AP&TS-
a
2016]
79. *** Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve y  x 2  4 x  2 at (4,2). (Mar 09)
x
80. *** Show that at any point (x,y) on the curve y  be e , the length of the sub-tangent is a constant
y2
and the length of the sub normal is [TS Mar – 2018](March 2010)
a

81. *** Find the angle between the curves x  y  2  0 , x 2  y 2  10 y  0 . (March 2014)


82. * Find the slope of the normal to the curve x  a cos 3  , y  a sin 3  at   .[AP-2021, 2022]
4

83. * Show that the length of the subnormal at any point on the curve xy  a 2 varies as the cube of
the ordinate of the point.
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84.*** Show that the length of the subtangent at any point on the curve y  a x  a  0  is a constant.
85.*** Find the equations of tangent and normal to the curve xy = 10 at (2, 5). [AP M 2017][TS-2022]
86.*** Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve y = 5x4 at the point (1, 5)
87.*** Show that the tangent at any point  on the curve x  Csec , y  C tan  is
y sin   x  C cos  [TS March 2019]
88.*** Find the equations of tangent and normal to the curve y  x 3  4x 2 at  1,3 .
89.*** Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve y 4  ax 3 at (a, a )
90.*** Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y  x 3  3x  2 at the point whose x-coordinate is 3.
91.*** (I) Find the points at which the tangent to the curve y  x 3  3x 2  9x  7 is parallel to the x-
axis.
(II) Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve y = 2e–x/3 where the curve meets
the y-axis. [TS-2016]
7. RATE MEASURE
92. *** A particle is moving in a straight line so that after t seconds its distance is s(in cms) from a
fixed point on the line is given by s  f  t   8t  t 3 . Find
(i) the velocity at time t =2 sec
(ii) the initial velocity
(iii) acceleration at t= 2sec. (Mar -15)[AP M 2017]
93. *** The distance-time formula for the motion of a particle along a straight line
S  t 3  9t 2  24t  18 then find when and where the velocity is zero.
(March 12) [AP Mar – 2019]
94. *** A point P is moving on the curve y  2 x 2 . The x co-ordinate of P is increasing at the rate of 4
units per second. Find the rate at which the y co-ordinate is increasing when the point is at
(2,8). (May 2008) [TS-2016]
95. *** A container in the shape of an inverted cone has height 12 cm and radius 6cm at the top. If it is
filled with water at the rate of 12cm 3 / sec ., what is the rate of change in the height of water
level when the tank is filled 8cm?
95a. *** A container is in the shape of an inverted cone has height 8 m and radius 6 m at the top. If it is
filled with water at the rate of 2 m3/minute. How fast is the height of water changing when the
level is 4m. ] [TS March 2019]
96. *** The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 9 cubic centmeters per second. How fast is the
surface area increasing when the length of the edge is 10 centimetres?
(March 2013) [AP-2016] [TS M 2017]
97. *** The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 8cm 3 / sec . How fast is the surface area
increasing when the length of an edge is 12 cm. (March 2014, 2015)

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98. *** A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and ripples move in circles at the speed of 5cm/sec. At the
instant when the radius of circular ripple is 8cm., how fast is the enclosed area increases?
99.*** A balloon, which always remains spherical on inflation, is being inflated by pumping in 900
cubic centimeters of gas per second. Find the rate at which the radius of balloon increases when
the radius is 15 cm.
100. ** Suppose we have a rectangular aquarium with dimensions of length 8m, width 4m and height
3m. Suppose we are filling the tank with water at the rate of 0.4 m 3 / sec . How fast is the height
of water changing when the water level is 2.5 m?
101. ** The total cost C(x) in rupees associated with productions of x units of an item is given by
C  x   0.005x3  0.02 x2  30 x  500 . Find the marginal cost when 3 units are produced.

102. * The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7cm/sec. What is the rate of increase of its
circumference.
1
103. * The radius of an air bubble is increasing at the rate of cm/sec. At what rate is the volume of
2
the bubble increasing when the radius is 1 cm?
104. A particle is moving a long a line according to s = f(t) = 4t3 –3t2 + 5t –1 where s is measured
in meters and t is measured in seconds. Find the velocity and acceleration at time t. At what
time the acceleration is zero. [TS & AP Mar – 2018]
105.* Find the average rate of change of s = f(t) = 2t 2 + 3 between t =2 and t =4.

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VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS)

1. STRAIGHT LINES

1. Find the condition for the points (a, 0), (h, k) and (0, b) where ab  0 to be collinear.
(Mar 2010)
2. Transform the equations into normal form.
(i)  x  y  1  0  (May 10)
(ii) x  y  2  0 (March 2012)
3. If the area of the triangle formed by the straight line x  0 , y  0 and 3 x  4 y  a  a  0  is 6.
Find the value of ‘a’. (May 2007, March 2009)

4. Find the area of the triangle formed by the straight line x  4 y  2  0 with the coordinate
axes.[AP-2020] [TS-2021]
5. Find the equation of the straight line passing through (-4, 5) and cutting of equal nonzero
intercepts on the coordinate axes. (May 2010, March 2007, May 2008, TS-Mar-15) [AP-
2020]
6. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (3, -4) and making X and Y-
intercepts which are in the ratio 2:3. (March 2008)
7. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the points  at1 2at1  and  at22 , 2at2 
2

(March 2014)
8. Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point (3, 4) to the straight line
3x-4y+10=0. [TS-2020][AP-2016]
9. Find the distance between the parallel straight lines 5 x  3 y  4  0 , 10 x  6 y  9  0
(March 2009)
9(a). Find the distance between the parallel straight lines 3 x  4 y  3  0 and 6 x  8 y  1  0
[AP-2020][AP-mar-2019]

10. Find the value of y, if the line joining (3, y) and (2, 7) is parallel to the line joining the points
(-1, 4) and (0, 6). (March 2014 SAQ) (March 2008) [TS-M-2017, 2021]
11. Find the value of k, if the straight line 6 x  10 y  3  0 and kx  5 y  8  0 are parallel.
12. Find the value of p, if the straight lines 3 x  7 y  1  0 and 7 x  py  3  0 are mutually
perpendicular. [TS-2016]
12a. Find the value of p, if the straight lines 3x + py –1 = 0, 7x – 3y + 3 = 0 are mutually
perpendicular. [TS-March 2019]
13. Find the equation of the straight line passing through (2,3) and making non-zero intercepts on
the co-ordinate axes whose sum is zero. (March 2012)
14. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the origin and making equal angles with
the co-ordinate axes. (May 2005)
15. Find the value of P, if the straight line x  p  0 , y  2  0 , 3 x  2 y  5  0 are concurrent.
[AP-2022] (March 2013) [TS-M-2017]
16. (i) If 2 x  3 y  5  0 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining (3, -4) and  ,  
, find    .

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(ii) x  3y  5  0 is the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining he points A, B. If
A   1, 3 , find the coordinates of B. [TS M 2017]
17. Find the value of k, if the straight lines y  3kx  4  0 and  2k  1 x   8k  1 y  6  0 are
perpendicular.
x y x y
18. If  is the angle between the lines   1 ,   1 then find the value of sin   a  b  .
a b b a
(May 2009)
19. Find the ratio in which the straight line 2 x  3 y  20  0 divides the join of the points (2,3) and
(2,10).
20. If a portion of a straight line intercepted between the axes of coordinates is bisected at (2p, 2q)
write the equation of the straight line.
21. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from (4,1) upon the straight line 3 x  4 y  12  0 .
22. Find the orthocenter of the triangle whose sides are given by 4 x  7 y  10  0 , x  y  5 and
7 x  4 y  15 .
23. Find the in centre of the triangle whose sides are x=1, y=1 and x+y=1.

24. (i) Find the value of value ‘P’ if the lines 4 x  3 y  7  0 , 2 x  py  2  0 and 6 x  5 y  1  0
are concurrent. (May 2014)
(ii) Find the value of p, if the lines 3x +4y =5, 2x + 3y = 4: px + 4y = 6 are concurrent.
[AP March 2017]
25. Find the equation of the straight line passing through (–2, 4) and making non-zero intercepts on
the co-ordinate axes whose sum is zero. (May-09, Mar-15)
26. Prove that the points (1, 11), (2, 15) and (–3, –5) are collinear and find the equation of the
straight line containing them.
 
27. If the product of the intercepts made by the straight line x tan   y sec   1 0     on the
 2
co-ordinate axes is equal to sin  , find  .
28. Find the equation of straight line passing through the point (5, 4) and parallel to the line
2x+3y+7 =0
29. Transform the equation (2 +5k) x–3(1 +2k)y + (2–k) =0 into the form L1  L2  0 and find the
point of concurrency of the family of straight lines.
30. If a, b, c in arithmetic progression, then show that the equation ax +by +c=0 represents a family
of concurrent lines and find the point of concurrency.
31. Find the ratio in which the straight line 2x + 3y = 5 divides the join of the points (0,0) and (–2,
1).
32. (i) Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the line 5x –3y +1 =0 and passing
through the point (4,–3).
(ii) Find the slopes of the lines x  y  0 and x  y  0 . [AP March-2017]
(iii) Find the value of x if the slope of the line passing through (2, 5) and (x, 3) is 2.
[TS &AP Mar – 2018]
(iv) Find the sum of the squares of the intercepts of the line 4x – 3y = 12 on the axis of co-
ordinates. [AP Mar – 2018]

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2. 3D- GEOMETRY
33. Find the centroid of the triangle whose vertices are (5, 4,6), (1, -1, 3) and (4, 3, 2). (Mar0014)
34. Find the coordinates of the vertex ‘C’ of ABC if its centroid is the origin and the vertices A,
B are (1, 1, 1) and (-2, 4, 1) respectively. (TS-Mar-15, 2022) [AP-2016]
35. If (3, 2, -1), (4, 1,1) and (6, 2, 5) are three vertices and (4, 2,2) is the centroid of a tetrahedron,
find the fourth vertex. (March 2009, 2014, 2015) [AP M 2017, 2022]
36. Show that the points A 1, 2,3 B  7, 0,1 C  2,3, 4  are collinear. (March 2013) [TS-2016]
37. Find the fourth vertex of the parallelogram whose consecutive vertices are (2, 4, -1), (3, 6, -1)
and (4, 5, 1). (June 2003, March 2011) [TS M 2017]
38. Find the ration in which YZ- plane divides the line joining (2, 4, 5) and B(3, 5, -4). Also find
the point of intersection. (May 2010)
39. Show that the points (1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1) and (3, 1, 2) form an equilateral triangle. [AP Mar – 2018]
40. If H, G, S and I respectively denotes orthocenter, centroid, circumcentre and in-centre of a
triangle formed by the points (1, 2, 3) (2, 3, 1) and (3, 1, 2) then find H, G, S, I.
41. Find the ratio in which XZ plane divides the lines joining A(-2, 3, 4) & B(1, 2, 3).
(May 2014) [TS Mar – 2018] [TS Mar – 2019]
42. Find the centroid of the tetrahedron whose vertices are (2, 4, –4), (–3, 3, –2), (–1, 4, 2),(3, 5,1)
43. Find x, if the distance between (5, –1, 7) and (x, 5, 1) is 9 units. [AP-marc-2019]
44. Show that the points A(–4, 9, 0), B(–1, 6, 6) and C(0, 7, 10) form a right angled isosceles
triangle.
45. If the point (1, 2, 3) is changes to the point (2, 3, 1) through translation of axes, find the new
origin .
46. Find the ratio in which the point P(5, 4, –6) divides the line segment joining the points A(3, 2, –
4) and B(9, 8, –10). Also, find the harmonic conjugate of P.

3. THE PLANE
47. Find the angle between the planes x  2 y  2 z  5  0 and 3 x  3 y  2 z  8  0 .
(March 2009, TS-Mar-15) [TS M 2017]
48. Find the equation of the plane whose intercepts on X, Y, Z –axes are 1, 2, 4 respectively.
[AP-2022](March+ 2010)
49. Transform the equation 4 x  4 y  2 z  5  0 into intercept form. (March 2012)
50. Find the intercept of the plane 4 x  3 y  2 z  2  0 on the coordinate axes.[TS &AP Mar – 2018]
51. Find the direction cosines of the normal to the plane x  2 y  2 z  4  0 . (March 2013)[TS-
2020]
52. Reduce the equation of the plane x  2 y  3 z  6  0 in to the normal form.
(March 2014) [TS-2016] [AP-2016] (TS March 2019)
53. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,1,1) and parallel to the plane
x  2 y  3z  7  0 . [AP-2021]
54. Find the equation to the plane parallel to the ZX-plane and passing through (0, 4, 4).
55. Find the midpoint of the line joining the points (1, 2, 3) and (-2, 4, 2). (May 2012)
56. Find the equation of the plane passing though the points (2, 0, 1) and (3, -3, 4) and
perpendicular to x  2 y  z  6 . (May 2009, 10, 11)
56(a). Find the equation of the plane passing though the point (2, 0, 1)) and perpendicular to
the vector (4, 7,-4) (TS Mar-2019)
57. Find the angle between the planes 2x– y + z = 6 and x + y +2z = 7 (Mar-15) [AP M 2017]

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58. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (–2, 1, 3)d having (3, –5, 4) as
direction ratios of its normal. [AP-2020]
59. Find the equation of the plane passing through (2, 3, 4) and perpendicular to X-axis.
4. LIMITS
 1  x 1 
60. Find lim   . [TS-2022](March 2004, 07, 14, May 2010)
x0
 x 
 3x  1 
61. Find lim  . (March 2005)
x0
 1  x 1 
 ex 1 
62. Compute lim   [AP-2022] (Mar-220, TS-Mar-2015)
x 0
 1 x 1 
a x 1
63. Compute lim x
x0 b  1
 a  0, b  0, b  1 (March 02, 08, 13,15, June 2002) ( TS-Mar-2019)

sin  a  bx   sin  a  bx 
64. Find lim . (March 2005, May 2009, March 2012)
x0 x
 cos ax  cos bx 
65. Find lim  . [TS-2020](March 2004, 2007)
x0
 x2 
cos x
66. Find lim . [TS Mar – 2018] (June 2005, March 2008)
x  
2 x 
 2
11x 3  3 x  4
67. Find lim [AP Mar – 2018, 2020, 2021][TS-2022] (March 2014, May 2007)
x  13 x 3  5 x 2  7

3
1 x  3 1 x
68. Compute lim . (May 2006)
x0 x
 x sin a  a sin x 
69. Compute lim  . (March 2011) [AP-M--2019]
x a
 xa 
x2
70. Show that lim  1 . [TS-2022](June 20014)
x 2 x  2

8 x  3x
71. Find lim . (May 2009, 10, March 2012) [TS M 2017]
x  3 x  2 x

72. Compute lim

 2x 2
 7 x  4
. (May 2007)
x2
 2 x  1  x 2 
1  cos mx
73. Compute lim ,n  0 .
x  0 1  cos nx

sin ax
74. Compute lim , b  0, a  b . [TS Mar – 2018]
x  0 sin bx

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e x  sin x  1
75. Compute Lt . (March 2013) [TS-2016]
x0 x
x  e x  1
76. Compute Lt . (May 2014)
x 0 1  cos x

x 2  5x  2
77. Compute Lt . [TS-2022](May 2014) [AP M 2017]
x  2 x 2  5 x  1

x 2  3x  2
77(a). Compute Lt 2 . [AP M 2019]
x 3 x  6 x  9

2 x 
78. Show that lim   x  1  3 . [TS-2021](May 2008, Mar-15)
x 0
 x 
tan  x  a 
79. Compute lim 2 2 (TS-Mar-15)
x a x a
80. Find lim
x 
 x2  x  x  (Mar -8,09,10,11)
1  cos 2mx
81. Compute lim  m, n  Z  (Mar-10)
x 0 sin 2 nx
sin  x  1
82. Evaluate lim [TS-2021](May -2006)
x 1 x2 1
sin  x  a  tan 2  x  a 
83. Find lim 2
(Mar-2006)
x a
x2  a2 
e 3 x  e 3
84. Compute lim [AP—mar-2019]
x 0 x
log e 1  5x 
85. Compute lim [TS Mar – 2019]
x 0 x

e3x  1
86. Compute lim [AP Mar – 2018]
x 0 x
87. Compute lim   x   x  and lim  x   x 
x 2 x 2

 2x  3 
88. Find lim  
x  2
 x 1 
 x2 
89. Compute lim  3 
x 2 x  8
 
 1 4 
90. Compute lim   2 
x 2 x  2 x 4

91. Compute lim
x 
 x 1  x 
x 3
92. Show that lim 0
x 3
x2  9

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x 2  sin x
93. Compute lim [AP-2016]
x  x2  2
x
94. Show that lim does not exist.
x 0 x

sin ax
95. Compute lim [AP-2020]
x  0 x cos x

log e x x 2  8x  15
96. (I) Evaluate lim (II) Compute lim [AP & TS -2016]
x 1 x  1 x 3 x2  9
e7 x  1 1
(III) Compute Lt [AP M 2017] (IV) Compute lim x 2 sin   [TS M 2017]
x 0 x bx 0
 x

5. DIFFERENTIATION
97. If y  ax n 1  bx  n then P.T x2 y  n  n  1 y . (March 2006, May 2010)
2
98. Find the derivative of the function f  x   a x .e x . (May 2008)

dy e y
99. If x  tan  e  , then show that
y
 . (March 2005) [TS M 2017]
dx 1  x 2
100. If f  x   log  sec x  tan x  , then find f 1  x  . [TS-2020](March 2014, May 2011)

dy
101.  
If y  log sin 1  e x  then find
dx
. (March 2010)

102. If f  x   x2 2 x log x  x  0  , then find f '  x  . (May 2010)

dy
103. If y  log  cosh 2 x  then find . (March 2012)
dx
dy
104. Find
dx
if y  sin 1  x. (March 2013)
ax  b
105. Find the derivative of f  x   . (May 12)
cx  d

 2x  dy
106. If y  sin 1  2 
then find . (March 2012, TS-March-2015)
 1 x  dx
dy
107. If x  a cos 3 t , y  a sin 3 t , then find . (May 12, May 11) [AP -2016]
dx
dy
108. If y  x x then find . (March 2011)
dx
109. Find the derivative of the following functions w.r.to x.

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i) cos1  4 x 3  3 x  . (March 2014)

1  cos x
ii) tan 1 . (June 2002)
1  cos x
110. Differentiate f  x  with respect to g  x  if f  x   e x , g  x   x . (March 2003)
111. Find the derivative of the following functions w.r.to x.
 1  x2 1 
i) tan 1  . (June 2003)
 x 
 
 1 x 
ii) tan 1  . (May 2012)
 1 x 
112. If f  x   xe x sin x , then find f 1  x  .
113. If y  aenx  be  nx then prove that y ''  n 2 y . (Mar-15)
log  tan x 
114. Find the derivative 20 .

1 dy
115. If y  2
then find
ax  bx  c dx

1  cos 2 x dy
116. If y  then find . [TS-2022], [AP-2020]
1  cos 2 x dx
dy
117. If y  sin 1  3 x  4 x 3  then find .
dx
cos x dy
118. If y  then find .
sin x  cos x dx
dy
119. If x  at 2 , y  2 at find .
dx
dy
120. If y  2x  3  7  3x then find . (TS-Mar-15)
dx
 2x  dy
2 
121. If y  Tan 1  x  1 then find (Mar-15)
1 x  dx
dy
122.  
If y  sec tan x , then find
dx
(May 2007)
x 3  3x
123. If f  x   7  x  0  , find the f 1  x  . (May-2005) [TS M 2017]
2 dy
124. If y   Cot 1x 3  , then find . [TS Mar – 2018] (May-09)
dx
dy
125. If y  cos  log  cot x   then find . (Mar-09)
dx
 1  dy
126. If y  sec 1  2  find (Mar-13) [AP M 2017]
 2x  1  dx
dy
127. If y  log  sin  log x   , find
dx

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dy
128. If x 3  y3  3axy  0, find . (Apr-2000)
dx
dy
129. If y  sin  log x  , then find . [AP Mar – 2018]
dx
130. If f  x   1  x  x 2  ....  x100 then find f 1 1 .
1 dy ay
131. If y  e a sin x

then prove that
dx 1  x2
132. Find the derivative of f  x   e x  x 2  1 w.r.t x
ax
133. If f  x   then find f 1  x  . [TS Mar – 2018]
ax
100 dy
134. If y   x 3  6x 2  12x  13 then find
dx
135. If f  x   log 7  log x  then find f 1  x 
dy
136. If y  cos ec1  e 2x 1  , find
dx
 3x 
137. (I) If f  x   sinh 1   then find f 1  x 
 4 
(II) If f(x) = 2x + 3x – 5 then prove that f1(0) +3.f1(–1) = 0 [AP -2016]
2

dy
(III) If 2x2 – 3xy + y2 + x + 2y – 8 = 0 find [TS -2016]
dx
(IV) Find derivative of sin–1(3x – 4x3). [TS -2016]
(V) 5sin x  e x log x [AP M 2017]
(VI) If y = x4 + tanx then find yn. [Ap Mar – 2018]

6. ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS

138. Find y and dy if (i) y  x 2  3 x  6 . When x  10 , x  0.01 .
(March 2005, 2011, 2014, TS-Mar-2015, 2021)
(ii) y = 5x2 + 6x +6, x =2, x = 0.001. [AP -2016]
(iii) Find dy and y of y  f ( x)  x 2  x at x  10 when x  0.1 [AP M 2017]
1
139. Find y and dy if y  when x=8, x  0.02 .
x2
140. Find y and dy if y  cos x, x  60 and x  1 . (cos6i = 0.4848.i = 0.0174 radians)
(TS-Mar-2019)
141. Find the approximate value of 82 . (March 2013, May 2009)
142. Find the approximate value of cos  605  1  0.0174 radians 
1

3
143. Find the approximate value of 65 .
3
143(a). Find the approximate value of 999 . [AP Mar – 2019]

144. Find the approximate value of 3 7.8 .

145. (i) If the increase in the side of square is 4%. Then find the approximate percentage of increase
in the area of square. [AP Mar – 2018]

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(ii) If the increase in the side of a square is 2%. Then find the approximate percentage of
increase in the area of square. [TS Mar – 2018]
146 If the radius of a sphere is increased from 7 cm to 7.02 cm then find the approximate increase
in the volume of the sphere.
147. The diameter of sphere is measured to be 40 cm. If an error of 0.02 cm is made in it. Then find
approximate errors in volume and surface area of the sphere.
148. The time t, of a complete oscillation of a simple pendulum of length ‘l’ is given by the equation
l
t  2 where ‘g’ is gravitational constant. Find approximate percentage error in ‘t’ when
g
the percentage of error in ‘l’ is 1%.
149. Find y and dy if y  x 2  x , at x = 10, x  0.1 (Mar-2015) [TS -2016]
x
150. Find y and dy for y  e  x, when x =5, x  0.02
151. if y = f(x) = kxn show that the approximate relative error in y is n times the relative errors in x
where n and k are constants.

7. ROLLE’S AND LAGRANGE’S THEOREMS

152. State Rolle’s theorem
153. State Lagrange’s theorem. [AP-2020]
154. Let f  x    x  1 x  2  x  3 . Prove that there is more than one c in (1, 3) such that
f 'c  0 . (March 2013)
155. Find the value of c in Rolle’s theorem for the function y  f  x   x2  4 on [-3, 3].
[TS-Mar-2015] [AP M 2017] [TS-Mar-2019]
156. Find the value of c from Rolle’s theorem for the function f  x   x 2  1 on  1,1 . (Mar 14)
157. It is given that Rolle’s theorem holds for the function f  x   x3  bx 2  ax on [1, 3] with
1
c  2 . Find the values of a and b.
3
158. (i) Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function (i) f  x   sin x  sin 2 x on 0,   .
(ii) x(x +3).e–x/2 on [-3, 0] [AP Mar – 2018]
(ii) Verify the Rolle’s theorem for the function f: [–3, 8]  R be defined by f  x   x 2  5x  6
. [TS M 2017]
f b   f  a 
159. Find c, so that f '  c   in the following cases:
ba
11 13
(i) f  x   x 2  3x  1 ; a  , b
7 7
x
(ii)  
f x  e ; a  0 , b  1.
160. Verify the conditions of the Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the following functions. In
each case find a point ‘c’ in the interval as stated by the theorem.
(i) x 2  1 on [2,3] [TS Mar – 2018]
(ii) sin x  sin 2 x on 0,  
(iii) log x on 1, 2 .

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161. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f(x) = log(x2 + 2)–log 3 on [–1, 1].[Mar-2015]
162. Verify the Rolle’s theorem for the function  x 2  1  x  2  on[–1, 2]. Find the pointin the
interval where the derivate vanishes.
163. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f  x   x  x  3 e  x / 2 on [–3, 0]
164. Show that there is no real number ‘k’ for which the equation x 2  3x  k  0 has two distinct
roots in [0, 1]
165. Find the point on the graph of the curve y  x 3 where the tangent is parallel to chord joining
the points (1, 1) and (3, 27).
8. INCREASING & DECREASING FUNCTIONS

166. Define strictly increasing and strictly decreasing function on an interval (May 2014)

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PHYSICS – I

1. PHYSICAL WORLD
1. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)
1. What are the fundamental forces in nature? [TS MAR 2022][AP AUG 2022]
2. What is the discovery of C.V. Raman? [TS-2017] (Mar,May-2014) [TS-2018]
3. What is the contribution of S. Chandra Sekhar to Physics?
(Mar-2013, 2015, TS2015, 2016, 2018, 2019,2021, 2022) [AP-2016, 2017, 2022 AUG 2022]

4. What is physics? 2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENT

1. Very short answer type questions. . (2 marks)
1. Distinguish between accuracy and precision. (Mar-2013, 2015, TS2015, AP-2016)
2. What arc the different types of errors that can occur in a measurement?
3. Distinguish between fundamental units and derived units. (May-2014, TS-2016)
4. What is dimensional analysis?
5. Express unified atomic mass unit in kg. [TS-2022]
6. How can systematic errors be minimised or eliminated?(Mar-2014) [AP-2017, 2021]
[TS-2017, 2018, 2021]
7. The velocity of a body is given by v  At 2  Bt  C. If v and t are expressed in SI,
what are the units of A, B and C ? (May 2007)
8. State the number of significant figures in the following:
(a) 6729 (b) 0.024 (c) 0.08240 (d) 6.032 (e) 4.57 x 10s
9. The measured mass and volume of a body are 2.42g and 4.7 cm3 respectively with possible
errors 0.01 g and 0.1 cm3. Find the maximum error in density.
10. The error in measurement of radius of a sphere is 1 %. What is the error in the
measurement of volume?
11. The percentage error in the mass and speed are 2% and 3 % respectively. What is the maximum
error in kinetic energy calculated using these quantities?
12. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is T  2 L / g . Measured value of L is 20.0
cm known to 1 mm accuracy and time for 100 oscillations of the pendulum is found to be 90 s
using a wrist watch of 1s resolution. What is the accuracy in the determination of g?
13. Write dimension formulae of energy, pressure workdone and force.
14. What are the significant numbers? Write the number of significant digits in the measurement of
0.002308. [TS Mar – 2018]

3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

I. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)
1. The states o f motion and rest are relative. Explain.
2. How is average velocity different from instantaneous velocity? (Mar-2013)
3. Give an example, where, the velocity of an object is zero but its acceleration is not zero.

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(Mar-2013)
4. A vehicle travels half the distance L with speed v1 and the other half with speed v2.
What is the average speed?
5. If the trajectory of a body is parabolic in one frame, can it be parabolic in another frame that
moves with a constant velocity with respect to the first frame ? If not, what can it be ?
II. Short answer type questions.
(4 marks)
1
6.*** Derive the equation x  v0 t  at 2 using graphical method where the terms have usual
2
meaning. (May2011,June - 2011)
7* * Explain the terms the average velocity and instantaneous velocity. When are they equal?
8.* * A particle moves in a straight line with uniform acceleration. Its velocity at time t = 0 is V1 and
V V
at time t = t is V2 . The average velocity of the particle in this time interval is 1 2
2
Is this correct? Substantiate your answer.
9.** A ball is dropped from the roof of a tall building and simultaneously another ball is thrown
horizontally with some velocity from the same roof. Which ball lands first? Explain your
answer.
10. * * A parachutist flying in an aeroplane jumps when it is at a height of 3 km above ground. He
opens his parachute when he is about 1 km above ground. Describe his motion.
***11. A man runs across the roof of a tall building and jumps horizontally on to the (lower) roof of an
adjacent building. If his speed is 9 m/s and the horizontal distance between the building is 10m
and the height difference between the roofs is 9m, will he be able to land on the next building
(take g = 10 m/s2) [TS Mar – 2018]

PROBLEMS
1. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 20ms"1 from the top of a multistorey
building. The height of the point from where the ball is thrown is 25.0m from the ground,
(a) How high will the ball rise? and (b) how long will it be before the ball hits the ground? take
g = 10 ms-2 . (actual value is 9.8 ms–2). (Mar2015, TS2015)

2. A car travels the first third of a distance with a speed of 10 kmph, the second third at 20 kmph
and the last third at 60 kmph . What is its mean speed over the entire distance? [TS-2016] [TS-
2018][AP AUG 2022][AP 2022]
3. A bullet moving with a speed of 150 ms–1 strikes a tree and penetrates 3,5cm before stopping.
What is the magnitude of its retardation in the tree and the time taken for it to stop after striking
the tree?
4. A stone is dropped from a height 300 m and at the same time another stone is projected
vertically upwards with a velocity of 100 m/sec. Find when and where the two stones meets.
[AP-2016]

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4. MOTION IN A PLANE

I. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. The vertical component of a vector is equal to its horizontal component. What is the angle made
by the vector with x-axis? [TS 2018, 2019]
2. A vector v makes an angle e with the horizontal. The vector is rotated through an angle e. Does
this rotation change the vector v.
3. Two forces of magnitudes 3 units and 5 units act at 60° with each other. What is the magnitude
of their resultant? [TS-2022](March2015) [AP-2017]
4. When two right angled vectors of magnitude 7 units and 24 units combine, what is the magnitude
of their resultant? [AP 2021, AUG 2022](May-2014 AP-2016) [TS-2018]

5. A  ˆi  ˆj . What is the angle between the vector and x-axis.

[AP 2020, 2022](Mar-13,14) [TS-2017, 2021]

6. If P = 2i+4j+14k and Q = 4i+4j+10k find the magnitude of P  Q

(TSMarch-2015, 2016, 2022)
7. What is the acceleration of a projectile at the top of its trajectory? [TS-2019]
8. Can a vector of magnitude zero have a nonzero components?

II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)

9.*** State parallelogram law of vectors. Derive an expression for the magnitude and direction of the
resultant Vector.(Mar-05, 09, 10,14, May-05, 06, 09, June-2010, AP-2022) [TS-2016, 2017,
2022]
10.*** Show that the maximum height reached by a projectile launched at an angle of 45° is one quarter
of its range. (Mar-14)
2 2 2
U sin  U sin 2
11*** Show that the maximum height and range of a projectile are and
2g g
Where the terms have their regular meanings. (Mar-2012)
12.*** Define unit vector, null vector and position vector. (Mar-08, May-97, Sep-2000)[TS 2021]
     
13*** If a  b  a  b prove that the angle between a and b is 90°.[TS-2018, 2021, 2022]

14.*** Show that the trajectory of an object thrown at certain angle with the horizontal is a parabola.
(Mar-09, May-2014, 2015, TS2015, 2018, 2022) [AP-2016, AUG 2022]
15.*** Show that a boat must move at an angle 90° with respect to river water in order to cross the river
in minimum time?
16. * * A bird holds a fruit in its beak and flies parallel to the ground. It lets go of the fruit at some
height. Describe the trajectory of the fruit as it falls to the ground as seen by
(a) the bird (b) a person in the ground. [TS-2022]

17.** What is relative motion. Explain it?

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PROBLEMS
1. Two balls are projected from the same point in directions 30° and 60° with respect to the
horizontal. What is the ratio of their initial velocities of they (a) attain the same height? (b) have
the same range? (Ans : (a) 3 :1 (b) 1:1 )
2. A cricket ball is thrown at a speed of 28 ms–1 in a direction 30° above the horizontal. Calculate
(a) the maximum height. (b) the time taken by the ball to return to the same level (time of
flight), and (c) the distance from the thrower to the point where the ball returns to the same
level. (range)
3. ˆ B
If A, ˆ &B
ˆ are two unit vector. Their resultant is also a unit vector Ĉ . Find angle between A ˆ
5. LAWS OF MOTION

1. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. What is inertia? What gives the measure of inertia? (Mar-2014) [TS-2017]
2. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun gives a kick in the backward direction. Explain.
(March2015)
3. Why docs a heavy rifle not recoil as strongly as a light rifle using the same cartridges?
4. If a bomb at rest explodes into two pieces, the pieces must travel in opposite directions. Explain.
(TSMarch2015, TS-2016)
5. Define force. What are the basic forces in nature?
6. Can the coefficient of friction be greater than one? [TS-2018]
7. Why does the car with a flattened tyre stop sooner than the one with inflated tyres? (May-11)
8. A horse has to pull harder during the start of the motion than later. Explain.
(Mar-13,May-09) [AP-2018]
9. What happens to the coefficient of friction, if the weight of the body is doubled?
(May-2014 ,AP-2016)

II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)

10.*** Mention the methods used to decrease friction.
(Mar-09,14, May-08, June-11) [TS-2016,2018, 2019, 2021][AP-2022]
11.*** Why is pulling the lawn roller preferred to pushing it? (Mar-06, 08, 10, May-10)
12.*** Explain advantages and disadvantages of friction. (TS2015, 2015, Mar-06) [TS-2017, 2022]
13.** Why are shock absorbers used in motor cycles and cars?
14.** Define the terms momentum and impulse. State and explain the law of conservation of linear
momentum. Give examples.
15. * State the laws of rolling friction. [TS 2020, 2022]
16* Explain the terms limiting friction, dynamic friction and rolling friction.

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III. Long answer type questions. (8 marks)

17.*** a) State Newton's second law of motion. Hence derive the equation of motion F=ma from it.
b) A body is moving along a circular path such that its speed always remains constant. Should
there be a force acting on the body? (Mar -13, AP-2016) [AP-2017] [TS-2018]

PROBLEMS
1. A batman hits back a ball straight in the direction of the bowler without changing its initial
speed of 12 ms–1 . If the mass of the ball is 0.15 kg determine the impulse imparted to the ball
(Assume linear motion of the ball) [AP-2017]
2. Determine the maximum acceleration of the train in which a box lying on its floor will remain
stationary, given that the coefficient of static friction between the box and the train’s floor is
0.15.
6. WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

1. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. State the conditions under which a force does no work. (MarchTS2015)
2. Define: Work, Power and Energy. State their SI units.
3. State the relation between the kinetic energy and momentum of a body. (Mar-2011)
4. State the sign of work done by a force in the following.
(a) work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a well by means of rope tied to the bucket.
(b) work done by gravitational force in the above case.
5. State the sign of the work done by a force in the following.
(a) work done by friction on a body sliding down an inclined plane.
(b) work done by gravitational force in the above case.
6. State the sign of work done by a force in the following
(a)Work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane with uniform
velocity.
(b)Work done by the resistive force of air on a vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest.
7. Which physical quantity remains constant
(i) in an elastic collision (ii) in an inelastic collision?
8. A body freely falling from a certain height 'h', after striking a smooth floor rebounds and rises
to a height h/2. What is the coefficient of restitution between the floor and the body?

II. Short answer type questions. . (4 marks)

9.*** Show that in the case of one dimensional elastic collision, the relative velocity of approach of
two colliding bodies before collision is equal to the relative velocity of separation after collision.
(Mar-05, 06, May-08)
10.*** Show that two equal masses undergo elastic collision will move at right angles after collision, if
the second body initially at rest.
11.** Distinguish between conservative and non-conservative forces with one example each.

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12.** What is potential energy? Derive an expression for the gravitational potential energy.
13.** A lorry and a car moving with the same momentum are brought to rest by the application of
brakes, which provide equal retarding forces. Which of them will come to rest in shortest time?
Which will come to rest in less distance?
14. * Explain the law of conservation of energy?

III. Long answer type questions. . (8 marks)

15.*** a) State and prove law of conservation of energy in case of freely felling body.
(Mar-05, 06,09,11,13, May-09, June-2011) [TS-2016, 2017,2020, 2021] [AP-2016, 2018,
2018, AUG 2022]
b) A machine gun fires 360 bullets per minute and each bullet travels with a velocity of
600 ms–1. If the mass of each bullet is 5gm. Find the power of the machine gun.
(Mar-14) AP-2016
16.*** Develop the notions of work and kinetic energy and show that it leads to work-energy theorem.
(TS2015,Mar-14, 2021, 2022) [AP-2017]
17.** What are collisions? Explain the possible types of collisions? Develop the theory of one
dimensional elastic Collision,(Mar-05, 06),(M ay-14) [TS-2018, 2019, 2022][AP 2020, 2022]
the relative velocity of approach of two colliding bodies before collision is equal to the relative
velocity of separation after collision. A body freely falling from a certain height ‘h’ after
striking a smooth floor rebounds to a height h/2. what is coefficient of restitution between the
floor and the body? [TS Mar – 2018]
PROBLEMS
1. In a ballistics demonstration a police officer fires a bullet of mass 50.0 g with speed 200 ms–1 on
soft plywood of thickness 2.00 cm. The bullet emerges with only 10% of its initial kinetic energy.
What is the emergent speed of the bullet ?
2. Find the useful power used in pumping 3425 m3 of water per hour from a well 8 m deep to the
surface, supposing 40% of the horse power during pumping is wasted. What is the horse power
of the engine?
3. A pump is required to lift 600 kg of water per minute from a well 25 m deep and to eject it with a
speed of 50 ms–1. Calculate the power required to perform the above task? (Ans: 12.5kW)
(March2015) [TS-2016, 2020,2022]
7. SYSTEMS OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

1. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. Is it necessary that a mass should be present at the centre of mass of any system?
[TS 2021, 2022](Mar, June-11, May - 12,14)
2. Why are spokes provided in a bicycle wheel? [TS-2021](May-2014)
3. We cannot open or close the door by applying force at the hinges. Why? [TS 2022]
4. By spinning eggs on a table top, how will you distinguish a hard boiled egg from a raw egg?
[TS 2022](Mar -13)
5. If the polar ice caps of the earth were to melt, what would the effect of the length of the day be
6. Why is it easier to balance a bicycle in motion?
7. Why do we prefer a spanner of longer arm as compared to the spanner of shorter arm?

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8. Why should a helicopter necessarily have two propellers ?

II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)

9.*** Distinguish between centre of mass and centre of gravity.
(Mar-13,14) (TS-2015, 2016, 2021) [AP-2016, 2017, 2018, AUG 2022]
10.*** Define angular acceleration and torque. Establish the relation between angular acceleration and
torque. [TS-2018, 2020]
11**.* State and prove parallel axes theorem. (Mar-07,10, May-o8, june-2010,May-12)
12**.* State and prove perpendicular axes theorem. (Mar-06,09,11,May-08,May-12)
13.*** Define vector product. Explain the properties of vector product with two examples.
(Mar-11, 2015) [AP-2017, 2020, 2022][TS 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019]

14.*** Define angular velocity (). Derive V= r. (May-2014) [TS-2017, 2019, 2022][AP 2019]
15* * Explain about the centre of mass of earth-moon system and its rotation around the sun.
16** State and prove the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Explain the principle of
conservation of angular momentum with examples. (Mar-08) AP-2016
17.*** Find the centre of mass of three particles at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The masses of
the particles are 100 gram, 150 gram and 200 gram respectively. Each side of the equilateral
triangle is 0.5m long. [AP Mar – 2018] [TS Mar – 2018]
PROBLEMS

1.  
Find the scalar and vector products of two vectors a  3iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ and


b  2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ 
2.**. Find torque of a force 7i +3j-5k about the origin, The force acts on a particle whose position
vector is i-j+k. [AP AUG 2022](Mar-2014)

3. The radii of gyration about two parallel axes passing through centre of mass and a point are 10cm
and 8 cm respectively. Find the perpendicular distance between them.
4 The moment of inertia of a fly wheel making 300 revolutions per minute is 0.3 kgm2. Find the
torque required to bring it to rest in 20s. (Ans : 0.471 Nm)
5. When 100J of work is done on a fly wheel, its angular velocity is increased from 60 rpm to
180 rpm. What is the moment of inertia of the wheel?  Ans : 0.63Kgm 2 
6. Particles of masses 1g, 2g, 3g, …..100g are kept at the marks 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 100 cm
respectively on a meter scale. Find the moment of inertia of the system of particles about a
perpendicular bisector of the meter scale. (Ans : 0.43 kg m2)

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8. OSCILLATIONS

1. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. Give two examples of periodic motion which are not oscillatory.
2. The displacement in S.H.M. is given by y = asin(20t + 4). What is the displacement when it is
increased by 2 ?
3. A girl is swinging seated in a swing. What is the effect on the frequency of oscillation if she
stands?
4. The bob of a simple pendulum is a hollow sphere filled with water. How will the period of
oscillation change, if the water begins to drain out of the hollow sphere?
5. Will a pendulum clock gain or lose time when taken to the top of a mountain?
6. A pendulum clock gives correct time at the equator. Will it gain or lose time, if it is taken to the
poles? If so, why ?
7. What happens to the time period of a simple pendulum kept inside a lift, When the lift
(i) Moves up with acceleration 'a' ? (ii) Moves down with acceleration 'a'?
8. What are physical quantities having maximum value at the mean position in SHM?
9. What are physical quantities having maximum value at the extreme position in SHM?
10. What fraction of the total energy is K.E when the displacement is one half of a amplitude of a
particle executing S.H.M.
11. Can a simple pendulum be used in an artificial satellite? Why? [TS -2016]

II. Short answer type questions. . (4 marks)

12. * ** Obtain an equation for the frequency of oscillation of spring of force constant k to which a mass
m is attached.
13. * * Define simple harmonic motion? Give two examples.
14.** Derive expressions for displacement, velocity and acceleration of a particle executing SHM.

III. Long answer type questions. .

(8 marks)
15.*** a) Show that the motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic and hence derive an equation
for its time period. What is seconds pendulum?
(Mar-05, 06,13,14, May-09,11,June-10,11, TS2015) [AP -2016, 2017, 2020, 2022, AUG 22] [TS
2017, 2018, 2020]
Calculate the change in the length of a simple pendulum of length 1m, when its period of
oscillation changes from 2sec to 1.5 sec. [TS Mar – 2018]
b) Find the length of a simple pendulum which ticks seconds. (g = 9.8 ms–2)
[Mar – 2017,18] [TS Mar – 2017]
16.*** Define simple harmonic motion. Show that the motion of (point) projection of a particle
performing uniform circular motion, on any diameter, is simple harmonic.
(Mar-09, 10,May-2014) [TS -2016] [AP-2018]

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17.*** Derive the equation for the kinetic energy and potential energy of a simple harmonic oscillator
and show that the total energy of a particle in simple harmonic motion is constant at any point on
its path.
PROBLEMS
1. What is the length of a simple pendulum, which ticks seconds? [APS -2016]
2. A body oscillates with SHM according to the equation (in SI units). x =5cos(2t + /4).
At t = 1.5s, calculate the (a) displacement. (b) speed and (c) acceleration of the body.
3. The bob of a pendulum is made of a hollow brass sphere. What happens to the time period of the
pendulum, if the bob is filled with water completely ? Why ?
4. A particle executes SHM such that, the maximum velocity during the oscillation is numerically
equal to half the maximum acceleration. What is the time period?
5. A mass of 2kg attached to a spring of force constant 260 Nm–1 makes 100 oscillations. What is
the time taken?
6. The mass and radius of a planet are double that of the earth. If the time period of a simple
pendulum on the earth is T, find the time period on the planet.
7. A freely falling body takes 2 seconds to reach the ground on a plane, when it is dropped from a
height of 8m. If the period of a simple pendulum is seconds on the planet, calculate the length of
the pendulum.
8 The time period of a body suspended from a spring is T. What will be the new time period if the
spring is cut into two equal parts and the mass is suspended i) from one part ii) simultaneously
from both the parts ?
9. A simple harmonic oscillator has a time period of 2s. What will be the change in the phase 0.25s
after leaving the man position?
9. GRAVITATION

1. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. State the units and dimensions of the universal gravitational constant (G).
2. State the vector form of Newtons law of gravitation.
3. As we go from one planet to another, how will
a) the mass and b) the weight of a body change?
4. Give the equation for the value of g at a depth 'd' from the surface of Earth. What is the value of
'g' at the centre of Earth?
5. What arc the factors that make 'g' the least at the equator and maximum at the poles?
6. "Hydrogen is an abundance around the sun but not around earth". Explain. (June-11)
7. What is the time period of revolution of geostationary satellite? Does it rotate from West to East
or from East to West?
8. What arc polar satellites?

II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)

9*** What is escape velocity? Obtain an expression for it.
(Mar-05,07,08,09,10,13, May-09, March2015) [TS -2016, 2019, 2022] [AP-2018]

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10.*** What is orbital velocity? Obtain an expression for it. (Mar-11,14, june-10,May-14) [TS
2021][AP-2017]
11 .*** What is a geostationary satellite? State its uses. (Mar-12) [AP -2016, 2020, 2022] [TS-2015,
2018, 2021, 2022]
12.*** State Kepler's laws of planetary motion. [TS-2017, 2020]
13. * * Derive the relation between acceleration due to gravity(g) at the surface of a planet and
Gravitational constant(G). (May-2012)
14 * How does the acceleration due to gravity(g) change for the same values of height (h) and
depth(d).

III. Long answer type questions. . (8 marks)

15.** Derive an expression for the variation of acceleration due to gravity
(a) above and (b) below the surface of the Earth.
16.** Define gravitational potential energy and derive an expression for it associated with two
particles of masses m1 and m2.
17.* State Newton's Law of Gravitation Explain how the value of the Gravitational constant (G) can
be determined by Cavendish method.

10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

1. Very short answer type questions. . (2 marks)

1. State Hooke's law of elasticity. (May -2009)
2. State the examples of nearly perfect elastic and plastic bodies.
3. A steel wire of length 20 cm is stretched to increase its length by 0.2 cm. Find the lateral strain in
the wire if the Poisson's ratio for steel is 0.19. (Mar 2009)
4. Define Poisson’s ratio and write its practical and theoretical values.

II. Short answer type questions.. (4 marks)

5.*** Describe the behaviour of a wire under gradually increasing load.
(Mar-05, 06,07,11,13, May-08,June-11) [AP -2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, AUG 22] [TS-2015,
2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022]
6.*** Explain the concept of Elastic Potential Energy in a stretched wire and hence obtain the
expression for it. [TS 2018, 2019](Mar-14)
7.*** Define Hooke's law of elasticity, proportionality, permanent set and breaking stress.
8. * * Define modulus of elasticity, stress, strain and Poisson's ratio.
9.** Define Young's modulus, Bulk modulus and shear modulus.
10.** Define stress and explain the types of stress. [TS -2016]

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11.** Define strain and explain the types of strain. [AP 2022]
III. Long answer question (8 marks)
12.** Define Hooke's law of elasticity and describe an experiment to determine the Young's modulus
of the material of a wire. (Mar-05, 06, 07, 2011)
PROBLEMS
1. A structural steel rod has a radius of 10mm and a length of 1.0mA 100KN force sketches c
along its length. Calculate (a) stress. (b) elongation, and (c) strain on the rod. Young's modulus of
structural steel is 2.0 x 1011 Nm–2.
2***. A copper wire of 1 mm diameter is stretched by applying a force of 10 N. Find the stress in the
wire
3.*** A tungsten wire of length 20 cm is stretched by 0.1 cm. Find the strain on the wire.
4.*** If an iron wire is stretched by 1%, what is the strain on the wire? (May 2011)

11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

1. Very short answer type questions. . (2 marks)

1. Define average pressure. Mention its units and dimensional formula. Is it a scalar or a vector?
[AP-2017, 2020, 2022]
2. Define Viscosity. What arc it's units and dimensions? [TS 2015, 2018][AP 2016](Mar-12)
3. What is the principle behind the carburetor of an automobile (March2015) [TS-2017, 2018,
2021]
4. What is magnus effect? (March2015) [TS -2016, 2019, 2022][AP 2017, 2018]
5. Why are drops and bubbles spherical?
(Mar-09,14) [AP -2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, AUG 22] [TS2017, 2018]
6. Give the expression for the excess pressure in a liquid drop. [TS-2017]
7. Give the expression for the excess pressure in an air bubble inside the liquid. [TS 2020][AP
2019]
8. Give the expression for excess measure the soap bubble in air. [TS -2016, 2022]
9. What are water proofing agents and water wetting agents? What do they do? [AP 2020]
10. What is angle of contact? What are its values for pure water and mercury? [TS 2020](May-14)
11. If the diameter of a soap bubble is 10mm and its surface tension is 0.04N/m,find the excess
pressure inside the bubble. (Mar-2014) [AP -2016] [TS-2018]
12. What is the principle behind the carburetor of an automobile ? [TS-2018]
13. Mention any two applications of Bernoulli’s theorem. (MarTS2015) [TS-2018]

II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)

13.*** Explain Surface Tension and Surface energy. (Mar-13)
14.*** Explain dynamic lift with examples.

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15.*** What is Torricelli's law? Explain how the speed o f efflux is determined with an experiment.
16.*** Explain how surface tension can be measured experimentally?
17.*** Explain hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes.
18.** What is Reynold's number? What is it's significance?
19.* What is atmospheric pressure and how is it determined using Barometer?
20. * What is gauge pressure and how is a manometer used for measuring pressure differences?
21.* What is hydrostatic paradox?
22.* What is Venturimeter? Explain how it is used?

III. Long answer type questions.. (8 marks)

23.** State Bernoulli's principle. From conservation of energy in a fluid flow through a tube, arrive at
Bernoulli's equation. Give an application of Bernoulli's theorem (Mar – 10)
PROBLEMS
1. The density of the atmosphere at sea level is 1.29 kg/ m2. Assume that it docs not change with
altitude. Then how high would the atmosphere extend?
2. Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble of diameter 0.6cm against the surface tension
force. (Surface tension of soap solution = 2.5 x 10–2 Nm–1)

3. lf the diameter of a soap bubbles 10mm and its surface tension is 0.04 Nm-1, find the excess
pressure inside the bubble.
12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Very short answer type questions. . (2 marks)

1. Distinguish between heat and temperature. (MarTS2015, 2020)
2. Why gaps are left between rails on a railway track? [AP -2016, 2017, 2022][TS - 2019]
3. What are the lower and upper fixing points in Celsius and Fahrenheit scales? (May-2014)
[TS -2016][AP AUG 2022]
4. Do the values of coefficients of expansion differ, when the temperatures are measured
Centigrade scale or on Fahrenheit scale?
5. Can a substance contract on heating? Give an example.
(Mar11,12) [AP-2018][TS-2016, 2018]
6. What is latent heat of fusion?
7. What is latent heat of vapourisation? (Mar-13)
8. What is specific gas constant? Is it same for all gases?
9. What are the units and dimensions of specific gas constant? (Mar-14)
10. Why utensils are coated black? Why the bottom of the utensils are made of copper? [TS-2018]
11. State Weins displacement law? [TS 2020][AP-2017]
12. Ventilators are provided in rooms just below the roof. Why? [AP 2020](Mar-14)
13. What is thermal resistance of a conductor? On what factors does it depend?

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14. State the units and dimensions of coefficient of convection.

15. Define emissive power and emissivity.
16. What is greenhouse effect? Explain global warming. (Mar-13, 2015)
17. Define absorptive power of a body. What is the absorptive power of a perfect black body.
(May-2014)
18. State Newton's law of cooling. [TS 2016, 2018][AP -2016, 2018, 2020]
19. State the conditions under which Newton's law of cooling is applicable.
20. The roof of buildings are often painted white during summer. Why?
(MarTS2015) [TS-2017]
21. What is thermal expansions? [TS -2016]
22. Why is it easier to perform the skating on the snow? [TS-2017]

II. Short answer type questions.. (4 marks)

22. * * * In what way is the anomalous behaviour of water advantageous to aquatic animals?
(Mar - 09, 10, 14, May - 09) [AP-2017, 2018, 2022, AUG 22][TS 2018]
23* * * Pendulum clocks generally go fast in winter and slow in summer. Why? [TS-2017, 2019, 2021]
24.*** Write a short note on triple point of water. (Mar-13) [AP -2016]
25.* * Explain Celsius and Fahrenheit scales o f temperature. Obtain the relation between Celsius and
Fahrenheit scales of temperature. [TS 2022]
26.** Explain conduction, convection and radiation with examples
.(Mar2015)[TS -2015, 2016, 2018][AP 2019, 2020]
III. Long answer question.
(8 marks)
27.** State and explain Newton's law of cooling. State the conditions under which Newton's law of
cooling is applicable. Abody cools down from 60°C to 50°C in 5 minutes and to 40°C in another
8 minutes. Find the temperature of the surroundings. [TS 2021, 2022](Mar-11)
28.** Explain thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal conductivity. A copper bar of thermal
conductivity 401 W/(mK) has one end at 104°C and the other end at 24°C. The length of the bar
is 0.10m and the cross sectional area is 1 .0x 10–6 m2. What is the rate of heat conduction, along
the bar?
29**. State Boyle's law and Charle's law. Hence, derive ideal gas equation. Which of the two laws is
better for the purpose of thermometry and why? (Mar-05, 06,09,May-05, 09)
PROBLEMS
1. What is the temperature for which the readings on Kelvin and Fahrenheit scales are same?
2. A body cools from 60° C to 40° C in 7 minutes. What will be its temperature after next
7 minutes if the temperature of its surroundings is 10°C ?
3. What is the temperature for which the readings on Kelvin and Fahrenheit scales are same ?

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4. Find the increase in temperature of aluminum rod if its length is to be increased by 1%
 Al  25 106 / c  (March2015)
5. The mass of a litre of gas is 1.562 gat 0°C under a pressure of 76cm of mercury. The
temperature is increased to 250°C and the pressure to 78cm of mercury. What is the mass of
one litre of the gas under new conditions?
6. The volume of a mass of gas at 37°C and a pressure of 75cm of mercury is 620c.c. Find the
volume at N.T.P
7. The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerine is 49 × 10–5 °C–1. What is the fractional
change in density for a 30°C rise in temperature?
13. THERMODYNAMICS

1. Very short answer type questions.. (2 marks)

1. Define Thermal equilibrium. How does it lead to Zeroth law of Thermodynamics?
2. Define Calorie. What is the relation between calorie and mechanical equivalent of heat?
3. What thermodynamic variables can be defined by
a) Zeroth law b) First law ?
4. Define specific heat capacity of the substance. On factors does it depend?
5. Define molar specific heat capacity.
6. For a solid, what is the total energy of an oscillator?
7. Why does the brake drum of an automobile get heated up while moving down at constant speed?
8. Can a room be cooled by leaving the door of an electric refrigerator open?
9. A thermos flask containing a liquid is shaken vigorously. What happens to its temperature?
10. A sound wave is sent into a gas pipe. Does its internal energy change?
11. How much will be the internal energy change in
i) isothermal process ii) adiabatic process
12. What are the values of specific heat capacity in
a) adiabatic system b) Isothermal system (Mar - 2011, May -2011)

II. Short answer type questions.. (4 marks)

13.*** Derive a relation between the two specific heat capacities of gas on the basis of first law of
thermodynamics. (May-05, 06,09, June-11)
14.*** Obtain an expression for the work done by an ideal gas during isothermal change.
15.*** Obtain an expression for the work done by an ideal gas during adiabatic change and explain.
16.*** State and explain first law of thermodynamics. [TS 2021, 2022]
17.** Define two principle specific heats of a gas. Which is greater and why?
18.** Explain qualitatively the working of a heat engine. (Mar-08)
19. * * Compare isothermal and an adiabatic process. [TS 2021, 2022]

III. Long answer type questions.. (8 marks)

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20.*** Explain reversible and irreversible processes. Describe the working of Carnot engine. Obtain an
expression for the efficiency.(Mar-14) [AP -2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2022, AUG 22]
[TS 2015, 2017, 2020]
21. * * * State second law of thermodynamics. How is heat engine different from a refrigerator.
(May2008, March2013, 15, May2014) [TS -2016, 2018, 2020] [AP -2016]
14.KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

1. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. Define mean free path. (March2015)[AP 2020, 2022] [TS-2015, 2017, 2018, 2020]
2. Name two prominent phenomena which provide conclusive evidence o f molecular motion.
3. When docs a real gas behave like an ideal gas? (Mar-14)[AP AUG 2022][TS-2016, 2019,
2022]
4. State Boyle's Law and Charles Law. [TS 2021][AP-2018, 2020]
5. State Dalton's law of partial pressures. (Mar-14) [TS-2017, 2018, 2020, 2022]
6. Explain the concept of degrees of freedom for molecules of a gas.
7. What is the expression between pressure and kinetic energy of a gas molecule? (March2015)
[AP 2017, 2018]
8. When pressure increases by 2%. What is the percentage decreases in the volume of a gas.
Assuming Boyle's law is obeyed.
9. State the law of equipartition of energy. [TS-2016]
10. The absolute temperature of a gas is increased by 3 times. What will be the increase in
rms velocit y of the gas molecule. [TS 2015, 2019, 2020][AP AUG 2022]

II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)

9.*** How specific heat capacity of Mono atomic, diatomic and Poly atomic gases can be explained
on the basis of law of equipartition of energy ? (Mar-2013)

10.*** Four molecules of a gas have speeds 1,2,3 and 4km/s. Find rms speed of the gas molecule
11.* * Explain the kinetic interpretation of temperature.
12.* * Explain the concept of absolute zero of temperature on the basis of kinetic theory.
13.** What is the ratio of r.ms. speed of Oxygen and Hydrogen molecules at the same temperature.
(May-2014)
14.** If a gas has 'F degrees of freedom, find the ratio of Cp and Cy.

III. Long answer type question. (8 marks)

15.* Derive an expression for the Pressure of an ideal gas in a container from Kinetic theory and
hence give Kinetic interpretation of temperature.
PROBLEMS
1. Estimate the fraction of molecular volume to the actual volume occupied by oxygen gas at STP.
Take the diameter of an oxygen molecule to be 3Å.

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CHEMISTRY – I

1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
I. Very short answer type questions. ( 2marks)
1. What is a black body ?

2. Draw the shape of dz2 orbital

3. Draw the shape of dx2-y2 orbital

4. What is Zeeman effect ?
5. What is Stark effect ?
6 Explain the significance of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle
7. Explain the difference between line spectrum and band spectrum

III. Long answer type questions. (8 Marks)

8.*** What are the postulates of Bohr's model of hydrogen atom? Discuss the importance of this model
to explain various series of line spectra in hydrogen atom ? Limitations of Bohr's theory

(Sep 2000, Mar 2000,2001,2003,2004,2005,2006, 2008, 2009, 2011,2012,2013, March 2015)

[TS – 2016, 2017, 2022][AP-2017, 2018, 2020, 2022, AUG 2022]

9.*** How are the quantum numbers n, 1 and m, s arrived at? Explain the significance of these
quantum numbers?(Mar-02,09,10,2014, Jun2002,2004,2006, May 2007, Sep 2008, March
2015 T.S.) [AP – 2016, 2021] [TS – 2017, 2019, 2022]

10.** Define atomic orbital. Explain the shapes of s, p and d orbitals with the help of diagrams.?

11.** (a) Explain the dual behavior of matter. Discuss its significance to microscopic particles like
electrons?
(b) Explain briefly the Planck's quantum theory?
12.** (a) Explain the difference between emission and absorption pectra.? [TS 2021, 2022](March 2015 (A.P.)
(b) Explain (i) Aufbau Principle (ii) Hind's Rule (iii) Pauli's Principle?
13.** (a) Explain Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle?
(b) Explain photoelectric effect?
PROBLEMS
1. What is the charge, mass and charge to mass ratio of an electron ?
2. Calculate the charge of one mole of electrons

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3. Calculate the mass of one mole of electrons
4. Calculate the mass of one mole of Protons
5. Calculate the mass of one mole neutrons
6.** Calculate wave number of yellow radiation having wavelength 5800 A°
7. ** Calculate energy of one mole of photons of radiation whose frequency is 5 1014 Hz.
8. The wavelength range of the visible spectrum extends from violet (400 nm) to red (750 nm).

Express these wavelengths in frequencies (Hz). (1nm = 10-9 m)

9. If the velocity of the electron is 1.6×106 ms–1, calculate de-Broglie wavelength associated with
this electron
10. Electrons are emitted with zero velocity from a metal surface when it is exposed to radiation of
wave length 4000Å. What is the threshold frequency ( 0 )

11.** What is the frequency of radiation of wavelength 600 nm ?

12.** What will be the wavelength of a ball of mass 0.1kg moving with a velocity of l0 ms–1
(March-11)
13 * *. A golf ball has a mass of40g, and a speed of 45m/s. If speed can be measured with in accuracy of
2%, calculate the uncertainty in the position.

2. PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION

I. Very short answer type questions.. ( 2marks)

1. In terms of period and group, where would you locate the element with Z = 114 ?
2. What are representative elements ? Give their valence shell configuration.
3. An element ‘X’ has atomic number 34, give its position in the periodic table. [TS 2021]
4. What factors impart characteristic properties to the transition elements ?
5. How does atomic radius vary in a period and in a group? How do you explain the variation?
6. Ionization enthalpy, (IE1) of O is less than that of N-explain
7. Give outer electronic configuration of s, p, d and f -block elements
8. Write the increasing order at the metallic character among the elements B, Al, Mg & K.
9. IP2 > IP1, for a given element - why?

10. Why are zero group elements called noble gases or inert gases ?
11. IE1 of O < IE1 of N but IE2 of N - explain.

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II. Short answer type questions.. ( 4 marks)

12.*** Give any four characteristic properties of transition elements

13.*** Electron affinity of chlorine is more than that of fluorine- explain

14.*** What is lanthanide contraction ? What are its consequences?
15.* Explain (i) Electronegativity (ii) Electron affinity?

16.** What is diagonal relationship ? Give a pair of elements having diagonal relationship. Why do they
show this relation ? [TS 2022]
17.* Write a note on (i) Atomic radius (ii) Metallic radius (iii) Covalent radius
18.** Give the outer orbit general electronic configuration of
a. Noble gases b. Representative elements
c. Transition elements d. Inner transition elements

19.* Which element of 3rd period has the highest IE1 ? Explain the variation of IE1 in this period.
20.* IE1, of Na is less than that of Mg but IE1 of Na is higher than that of Mg explain.

III. Long answer type questions. (8 Marks)

21.*** Define IE 1 and IE 2 . Why is IE 2 > IE 1 for a given atom? Discuss the factors that effect IE1 of an
element? (Sep 2000, Mar 2000, 2004, Jun 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, May 2009,March-12,13)
[A,P-2016, 2021, 2022, AUG 2022 [TS –2016, 2017, 2018, 2022]
22.*** What is a periodic property? How the following properties vary in a group and in a period?
Explain (a) Atomic radius (b) IE (c) EN (d) Electron gain enthalpy, (e) Nature of oxides
(Jul 2001, Mar-03,07,11,2014, May-07,2012, Jun-05,06, Sep-2008, March 2015(TS 2020)

23.*** Write an essay on s,p,d and f block elements. (Mar 2005,June-2011) [AP – 2017, 2020][TS
2021]

3. CHEMICAL BONDING

I. Very short answer type questions. (2marks)

1. What is Octet rule? [TS 2021, 2022]

2. Which of the two ions Ca2+ or Zn2+ is more stable and why? [TS 2022]

3. Cl  ion is more stable than Cl atom-Why?

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4. Why argon does not form Ar 2 molecule?
5. If A and B are two different atoms when does AB molecule become Covalent?
6. What is the best possible arrangement of four bond pairs in the valence shell of an atom to
minimise repulsions?
7. Why H2O has higher BP than HF ? (June-2009,May-2009,Mar-2003,May-2012)
8. What type of bonds are present in NH4Cl ? Write its structure (Mar-2004,May-2012)
9. H2O has higher BP than that of H2S. Give reason. [AP AUG 2022]

II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)

9. *** Explain the hybridization involved in PCl5 molecule.

(Mar 2012, March 2015 (T.S.) [TS – 2016, 2018, 2020] [AP-2020, 2022]

10.*** Even though nitrogen in ammonia is in sp3 hybridization, the bond angle deviate from 109°28'.
Explain. [2012, 2014, 2019]
11.*** Explain the hybridization involved in SF6 molecule.[AP 2021, AUG 2022](March-2014, May
2012)

12.** Explain Fajan's rules and give suitable examples. (March 2015(AP AUG 2022, 2022)
13.** Define Dipole moment. Write its applications.
14.** What is Hydrogen bond Explain the different types of Hydrogen bonds with examples.
[AP – 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021] [TS 2016, 2018, 2022]
15.* Explain the formation of Coordinate covalent bond with one example. [AP 2011, 2013, 2016]
16.* Write the general properties of ionic compounds
17.* Even though both NH3 and NF3 are pyramidal, NH3 has higher dipole moment compared to

NF3 Why ? [AP – 2016]

18**. Explain the structure of Ethylene and Acetylene.

19. Define Dipole moment. Write its applications.
a) NH 3 has a higher dipole moment compared to NF3 . Why?

b) Dipole moment observed for NF3 and not BF3 . Why? [AP – 2017]

III. Long answer type questions. (8 Marks)

20.*** What do you understand by Hybridisation? Explain different types of hybridization involving s
and p orbitals. (Mar 2002,2006,2013, June 2002,2004,2005, June 2006, Sep 2008) [TS–2017,
2021, 2022]
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21.*** Give an account of VSEPR Theory, and its applications (Sep2000, Mar2004,05,07, May 07)
22.*** Given the molecular Orbital energy diagram of (a) N2 and (b) O2. Calculate the respective bond
order, Write the magnetic nature of N2 and O2 molecules (Mar 2009,2014, March 2015 (T.S.)
23*. Write the salient features of Molecular orbital theory

24. * Explain the factors favourable for the formation of Ionic compounds (Mar 2001,08)
4. STATES OF MATTER

I. Very short answer type questions. (2marks)

1. What are Isotherms?

2. What are S T P conditions?
3. What is gram molar volume?
4. Why the gas constant 'R' is called universal gas constant

5. Which of the gases diffuses faster among N2,O2 and CH4 Why?
(Mar-2002,May-2009, March 2015 (T.S.-2022)
6. How many times methane diffuses faster than sulphurdioxide? [AP 2022]
7. Give the relation between the partial pressure of a gas and its mole faction
8. What is aqueous tension?
9. What is Boltzmann's constant? Give its value (Mar-2012)
10. What is R M S speed
11. What is compressibility factor?
12. What is Boyle Temperature?
13. Why pressure cooker is used for cooking food on hills?

14. What is critical Temperarure? Give its value for CO2?

15. What is surface tension? [AP Mar-2018]

16. What is coefficient of viscosity? Give its units
17. State Boyles law. Give its mathematical Expression

18. What are Isochores

19. What is Laminar flow of a liquid.

20. What is ideal gas. [TS 2022]

21. State graham’s law of diffusion. [AP 2021, AUG 22]

22. State Dalton’s law of partial pressure. [TS 2021]

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II. Short answer type questions.. ( 4marks)

20.*** Write the postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases.[TS 2022][AP AUG 22]
(July-2001,Mar-2002,04,06,08,June-2011,Mar-2012,13) [AP – 2016] [TS–2018]
21** Deduce (a) Boyle's law and (b) Charle's law (c) Graham's law (d) Dalton's law (e) Kinetic Energy
from Kinetic gas equation. (Mar-2003,05,07,08,11,12, March 2015 (T.S.) [AP–2017][TS 2020,
2022][AP 2020, 2022]

22*** State and explain Graham's law of Diffusion?

(June-2002,Mar-2003,ll,June-04,05,06) [AP – 2016] [TS-2018][AP 2014, 2017][TS 2021]

23** State and explain Dalton's law of partial pressures.? [TS 2016](Mar-2001,03,07,June-2010)
24 .** Define (a) RMS (b) average and (c) most probable speeds of gas molecules. Give their
interrelationship.
25.* Derive Ideal gas equation. (Mar-2007) [TS – 2016, 2019, 2021]
26. * Explain the physical significance of Vander Waals parameters.
27. Write the effect of temperature on surface tension and viscosity. Give reason to that. [AP–2017]
PROBLEMS

1**. Calculate Kinetic energy of 5 moles of nitrogen at 27° C?

(Mar-2013, March 2015 (A.P.) [TS–2017]
2**. Calculate the ratio of kinetic energies of 3 g of Hydrogen and 4g of Oxygen at a given
temperature. [AP MAR 2019][TS – 2016, 2020]

3** . Find the RMS, most probable and average speeds of SO2 at 27° C

4** Find the RMS, average and most probable speeds a of O2 at 27°C

5.* 360 cm3 of CH4, gas diffused through a porous membrane in 15 minutes, Under similar
conditions, 120cm3 of another gas diffused in 10 minutes. Find the molar mass of the gas.
[AP Mar-2018]
6.* A neon-dioxygen mixture contains 70.6 g dioxygen and 167.5 g neon. If pressure of the mixture
of gases in the cylinder is 25 bar. What is the partial pressure of dioxygen and neon in the
mixture ?
7. What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm of air at 1 bar to 200 dm3 at
30°C?
8. Calculate the temperature of 4.0 mol of a gas occupying 5 dm3 at 3.32 bar. (R = 0.083 bar
dm3 K–1 mol–1).
9.* Ammonia gas diffuses through a fine hole at the rate 0.5lit min–1. Under the same conditions
find the rate of diffusion of chlorine gas*
10. If 150mL carbon monoxide effused in 25 seconds, What volume of methane would effuse in
same time.
11. Calculate the total pressure in a mixture of 8 g of dioxygen and 4 g of dihydrogen confined in a
vessel of 1 dm3 at 27°C. R = 0.083 bar dm3 K–1,.(56.028 bar)

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5. STOICHIOMETRY

I. Very short answer type questions. ( 2marks)

1. What is a redox concept ? Give an example

2. What do you mean by significant figures?
3. What are the disproportionation reactions? Give examples. [TS – 2016]
4. What are comproportionation reactions? Give examples.
5. How many significant figures are present in the following?
(a) 0.0025 (b) 208 (c) 5005 (d) 126.000 (e) 500.0 (f) 2.0034
6. Round up the following up to three significant figures.
(a) 34.216 (b) 10.4107 (c) 0.04597 (d) 2808
7. Calculate the equivalent weights of CrO72  in Acid medium.

8. Calculate the oxidation number to the under lined elements.

a) H 2 SO5 b) H 2 S2 O8 c) CrO5 d) Br 3O8 e) K 2 MnO 4 f) NaH 2 PO 4

9. Define weight percentage

10. Define molarity, molality and molefraction [AP 2022]
11. Calculate the equivalent weights of the following
a) H 2 SO 4 b) NaOH 3) Na 2 CO 3 4) K2Cr2O7
12. Calculate the oxidation number of ‘Cr’ in K2Cr2O7 or Cr2 O 72- . [AP & TS-2017]

13. How many number of moles of glucose are present in 540 gm of glucose.
[TS 2021][AP AUG 2022]
14. Calculate the weight of 0.1 moles of sodium carbonate. [TS 2020][AP 2021]

II. Short answer type questions.. ( 4marks)

12*** Balance the following redox equation by ion- electron method taking place in acidic medium.
A) Cr2 O72   NO2  Cr 3  NO3 (Mar 2004, 05, May 2007)

B) MnO4  SO32  Mn 2   SO42 (June 2006 , Sep 2008, Mar-09,11)

C) H2SO4 + HBr  SO2 + Br2

D) MnO4  C2O42  Mn 2  CO2

E) Cr2 O72  SO2  Cr 3  SO42 [TS – 2016]

F) MnO4  SO2  Mn 2  HSO4 (Mar 2015, T.S.)

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G) Fe2   CrO72   Fe3  Cr 3 (Mar 2015, A.P.) [AP – 2016] [TS-2018]

H) Cr 2 O72  SO32  Cr 3  SO42 [AP 2021][TS 2020]

13*** Balance the following redox equation by ion-electron method taking place in basic medium.
(a) MnO4  I   MnO2  I 2 (March-2014)

(b) OH
P4   PH 3  H 2 PO2

(c) Cr  OH 3  IO3 
OH
 CrO42  I 

14.** Balance of the following equation by the oxidation number method?

MnO42   Cl2  MnO4  Cl 

15.* Explain the different types of redox reactions.

PROBLEMS
1. How many number of moles of glucose are present in 540 gms of glucose?
[TS 2021](June-2010)
2. Calculate the weight of 0.1 mole of sodium carbonate. [AP 2021] [TS 2020]
–7
3. Calculate the number of molecules present in 1.12 × 10 c.c of a gas at STP
(c.c. cubic centimeters = cm3)

4. The empirical formula of compounds is CH2 O. Its molecular weight is 90. Calculate the
molecular formula of the compound. [TS 2022](Mar-2013) [AP – 2016]
5. What volume of CO2, is obtained at STP by heating 4g of CaCO3 ? (Mar-2012,June-2009)

6. What volume of H2 at STP is required to reduce 0.795gm of CuO to give Cu and H2O?

7. Calculate the volume of O 2 at STP required to completely burn 100ml of acetylene.

8. A solution, is prepared by adding 2gm of a substance A to 18 gm of water. Calculate the mass
percent of the solute.
9. Calculate the molarity of NaOH in the solution prepared by dissolving 4gm in enough water to
form 250ml of the solution.

10. How many numbers of CaCO 3 moles present in 200grams of CaCO 3 ? (May 2014 )
11. To 50 ml of 0.1 N Na3CO3 solution 150 ml of H2O is added. Then calculate normality of
resultant solution.

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12. Calculate normality of H2SO4 solution if 5 0 ml of it completely neutralises 250 ml of 0.1 N

Ba(OH)2 solution.

13***. Determination of Empirical formula and molecular formula (Jun-04, 11, Mar-11)
(a) A carbon compound contains 12.8%carbon, 2.1%hydrogen, 85.1% bromine. The
molecular weight of the compound is 187.9. Calculate the molecular formula.
[TS 2021][AP-2017, 2022]
(b) Chemical analysis of a carbon compound gave the following percentage composition by
weight of the elements present, carbon = 10.06%, hydrogen = 0.84% chlorine 89.10%,
calculate the empirical formula of the compound. [TS 2020]
(c) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound having percentage composition
potassium (K) =26.57, chromium (Cr) = 35.36, oxygen (O) =38.07 [Given the atomic
weights of K, Cr, O as 39,52 and 16 respectively]
(d) A compound having 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27% carbon and 71.65 % chlorine its molecular
weight is 98.96 what are its emperical formula and molecular formula.
[TS-2017]
14.* Calculate the volume of 0.l N H2S04 required to neutralize 200ml of 0.2N NaOH solution.
15.* Calculate the volume of 0.1 M KMnO4 required to react with 100ml of 0.1 M H 2 C 2O4.2H2O
solution in presence of H2SO4
16.* Calculate the Gram Equivalent weights of KMn04 with different conditions.
17.* The density of3M solution of NaCl is 1.25g.mL–1. Calculate molality of the solution.
18.* Calculate the mass of Na2C03 required to prepare 250ml of0.5N solution.
19.* How much minimum volume of CO at STP is needed to react completely with 0.112L of O2 atm
pressure and 127°C to give CO2 .
20* Define normality. 6.3 gms of oxalic acid is present in 500 ml of solution its normality is.
21. Calculate the molarity of NaOH in the solution prepared by dissolving 4gm in enough water to
form 250 ml of the solution. [AP Mar – 2018]
22. What are disproportion Reaction? Example. [TS 2022]
6. THERMODYNAMICS

I. Very short answer type questions. ( 2marks)

1. Define a system. Give an example.
2. No heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings, but work (w) is done on the system.
What type of wall does the system have?

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3. State the first law of the thermodynamics. [AP 2021][TS-2018, 2022]
4. What are intensive and extensive properties [AP AUG 2022]

5. Give the equation that gives the relationship between U and H.
6. Is increase of entropy the criterion for spontaneity. Why?
7. State the third law of thermodynamics
8. Explain the relationship between Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant.
9. Enthalpy of combustion of Carbon to CO2 is 393.5 kJ mol-1. Calculate the heat released upon
formation of 35.2 g of CO2 from carbon and dioxygen gas.
10. Define entropy. [AP – 2016]
11. What are H sign convention for exothermic and endothermic reactions ? [TS – 2016]

II. Short answer type questions. ( 4marks)

9 *** State the first law of thermodynamics. Explain its mathematical notation. [TS 2021]
10.*** State and explain the Hess's law of constant Heat summation. [AP-2017]
(March-2012,2014, March-2015, (TS 2021, 2022) [AP – 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022]
11.*** Explain spontaneity of a process in terms of Gibbs energy
12.* * State the second law of thermodynamics and explain it.
13 * * What is entropy? Explain with examples. [TS-2017] [AP 2022]

14.** Define heat capacity. What are Cp and Cv ? Show that C p - C v = R [ T S 2 0 2 2 ]

15.** State the third law of thermodynamics. What do you understand by it? [TS – 2016] [TS-2017]

16.** What is the enthalpy of reaction? Explain the standard enthalpy of a reaction.

17.** What is the standard enthalpy o f formation explain its with example. [TS 2019, 2022]

18.** Define and explain the standard enthalpy of sublimation.

19.** Define and explain enthalpy of combustion.

20. * Derive the equation of 'Wrev' in isothermal reversible process.
PROBLEMS
1. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to CO, is -393.5 kJ mol–1. Calculate the heat released upon
formation of 35.2 g of CO, from carbon and dioxygen gas.

2.  2NH3 g  ; H 0  92.4kJ mol1

Given N 2 g   3H 2 g  

What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?

3. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CH3OH(l) from the following data:

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3
 CO 2 g   2H 2 O   ;  f H  726kJ mol1
CH 3OH    O 2 g  
2
C g   O 2 g   CO 2 g  ; c H   393kJ mol 1

H 2 g   O 2 g   H 2O   ;  f H   286 kJ mol 1

4.* The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 10. What will be the value of G ?
R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1 , T = 300 K.

7. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND ACIDS & BASES

I. Very short answer type questions.. ( 2marks)

1. What is homogeneous equilibrium? Write two homogeneous reactions.
(March-2014) [AP-2017]
2. What is heterogeneous equilibrium? Write two heterogeneous reactions. [AP-2017, AUG 2022]
3. Define equilibrium constant

4. Write the relation between Kp and Kc with example

5. Give two chemical equilibrium reactions for which K p = Kc.

6. Define ionic product of water.

7. What is conjugate Acid - Base pair? Give example

8. What is the value of K w ? what are its units?

9. All bronsted bases are Lewis bases. Explain

10. All Lewis acids are not Bronsted acids .Why?
11. Give two examples of salts whose aqueous solutions are basic
12. Give two examples of salts whose aqueous solutions are acidic
13. What is degree of ionization ?
14. Ice melts slowly at high altitudes. Explain why?
15. Calculate pH of 0.05 M H2SO4 solution . (March-2015 (T.S.)
16. What are Lewis acid and base? Give suitable example. (March-2015 (A.P.)
17. Define Le Chatelier’s principle. [AP – 2016]
18. What is Bronsted Base? Give one Example. [AP 2021]
19. What is meant by Dynamic equilibrium? [TS 2020]

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II. Short answer type questions. ( 4 marks)

15.** Derive the relation between Kc and K p for equilibrium reaction.

 2 NH 3 ( g )
 N 2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g ) 
(March 2013, March 2015)(AP 2021, AUG 2022)[TS 2021, 2022]
16.** What is a conjugate acid-base pair? Illustrate with examples. [TS 2021](March=2014) [AP –
2016, 2020, 2021]
17.** Define pH.. What is buffer solution? Derive Henderson- Hassel batch equation for Calculating
 2 NH 3
the pH of an acid buffer solution. N 2  3H 2 

18.** How does the value of equilibrium constant predict the extent of reaction?
19.** Explain the term "Hydrolysis of salts" with examples. Discuss the pH of the following types of
salt solutions. [TS – 2016]
(i) Salts of weak acid and strong base.
(ii) Salts of strong acid and week base.
20.* What is solubility product? Explain the common ion effect on solubility of ionic salts.
21.* Write notes on
(i) common ion effect

(ii) The relation between K sp and solubility (S) of a sparingly soluble salt BaSO 4

22.** What are electron deficient compound. Explain why BF3 acts a lewis acid (May 2014)
23. Write expression for the equilibrium constant KC for each of the following reactions.

(i) 2NOCl(g)  2NO(g) + Cl2 (g)

(ii) 2Cu(NO3)2(s)  2CuO(s)+4NO2(g) + O2(g

(iii) CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + H2O(l)  CH3COOH(aq) + C2H5OH(aq)

(iv) Fe+3, (aq) + 30H–  Fe(OH)3(s)

24. Define ionic product of water. What is its value at room temperature. [AP & TS-2017]
25. Explain the Arr henius concept of Acids & Bases? [TS 2022]

III. Long answer type questions. (8 Marks)

25*** What is Lechatlier's principle? Discuss briefly the factors which can influence the equilibrium.
[AP 2022]

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26.*** Discuss the application of Lechatlier's principle for the industrial synthesis of Ammonia and
sulphur trioxide. (Mar2010, 2012,13, March 2015)[AP 2022] [TS&AP-2018]

27.*** Explain the concept of Bronsted acids and Bronsted bases, Illustrate the answer with suitable
examples.
28.*** Explain Lewis acid-base theory with suitable example. Classify the following species into Lewis
acids and Lewis bases and show these act as Lewis acid / base.
(a) OH– (b) F– (c) H+ (d) BCl3
PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the pH of 0.05M NaOH solution. (March-2013)
2. Find the pH of 0.05 M Ba(OH)2 aqueous solution. (Mar-2013)
3. Calculate the pH of 0.l M HCl solution? (Mar-2014)

4. Calculate the pH of 10–8 M NaOH

5. The pH of a solution is 3.6 calculate H3O+ ion concentration.

6. 1 Mole of PCl5 is heated in a closed vessel of 1 litre capacity. At equilibrium 0.4 moles of

chlorine is found. Calculate the equilibrium constant.

7. The equilibrium constant for the reaction : N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) at 725 K is 6.0 × 10–2.

At equilibrium, [H2] = 0.25 mol L–1 and [NH3] = 0.06 mol L–1. Calculate the equilibrium

concentration of N2.

8. At 27°C, Kp value for the reversible reaction PCl5(g)  PCl3(g)+ Cl2(g) is 0.65, calculate Kc.

9. Kc for the reaction N2(g)+ 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)is 0.5 at 400K , find Kp.

10. For the following reaction PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) 0.4 mole of PCl5, 0.2 mole of PC13 and

0.6 mole of Cl2 are taken in a 1 litre flask. If Kc = 0.2, Predict the direction in which reaction

proceeds.
11. 150 ml of 0.5 M HCI 100ml of 0.2 M HCl are mixed. Find the pH of the resulting solution
12. 60 ml of 1 M HCl is mixed with 40 ml of 1 M NaOH. What is the pH of resulting solution ?
13. 40 ml of 0.2 M HNO3 when reacted with 60 ml of 0.3 M NaOH, gave a mixed solution what is

the pH of the resulting solution.

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14. 50 ml of 0.1 M NH4OH, 25ml of 2 M NH4Cl were used to make a buffer. What is the pH if pK

is 4.8.
15. 50 ml of 0.1 M sodium acetate, 25 ml of 0.2 M acetic acid were added together to form the buffer
solution. pKa of CH3COOH is 4.8. Find the pH of the solution.

16. The solubility product of AgCl is 1.6×l0–10mol2/L2. What is its solubility ?

17. The solubility of Ag2 CrO4 is 1.3 × 10–4 mol L–1. What is the solubility product ?

8. HYDROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS

I. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. Name the isotopes of hydrogen. What is the ratio of the masses of these isotopes?[TS 2021, 2022]
2. Why is dihydrogen used in welding of high melting metals ? [TS 2022]
3. Explain the term " SYNGAS".
4. What is meant by coal gasification ? Explain with relevant, balanced equation
5. What do you mean by autoprotolysis ? Give the equation to represent the autoprotolysis of water
6. Water behaves as an amphoteric substance in the Bronsted sense. How do you explain?

7. Mention any three uses of H2O2 ?

II. Short answer type questions.. ( 4marks)

8.*** Discuss, with relevant chemical equations, various methods of preparing hydrogen peroxide,
Which of these methods is useful to prepare D2O2 ?

(Sep 2000, Mar 02, 05, June 2006, Mar 2007, May 2007, Mar 2011, Mar 2012)

9.*** Write the chemical reactions to justify that hydrogen peroxide can function as an oxidizing as
well as reducing agent. (Mar 2003,2004,2006,2008) [TS – 2016] [TS-2018]

10***. Explain the following with suitable examples [AP AUG 2022](March-2014) [TS-2017, 2020]

(a) electron-deficient hydrides (b) electron-precise hydrides (c) Electron rich hydrides

11. * * Explain the terms hard water and soft water. Write a note on the (i) ion - exchange method and
(ii) Calgon method for the removal of hardness of water.

(June 02, Sep08,March-2015 (TS 2019) [AP – 2016, 2018, 2022]

12* Write a note on heavy water.

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13. * Write a few lines on the utility of hydrogen as a fuel. (Mar-2013) [AP-2017]

14**. What is temporary and permanent hardness of water? Mention which ions causes the hardness of
water. (May 2014, March 2015(A.P.)

15. Write Brief on i) ionic Hydride ii) Intestinal Hydride. [AP 2021]

16. Lithium salts are mostly Hydrated. Why? [TS 2021, 2022]

17. What are the characteristic colour imparted by IIA group. [TS 2021, 2022]

18. What happened when Hydrated Mg ( NO3 )2 is heated? [AP 2022]

19. Why does the solubility of alkaline earth metals Hydroxides in water increases down the
group. [AP 2020]

9. S-BLOCK ELEMENTS

I. Very short answer type questions. ( 2marks)

1. Write completely the electronic configurations of K and Rb.

2. Lithium reacts with water less vigorously than sodium. Give your reasons. [TS 2018]
3. What happens when magnesium metal is burnt in air ? (March 2015 (T.S.) [AP-2018]
4. Write a balanced equation for the formation of ammoniated IIA metal ions from the metals in
liquid ammonia.
5. Describe the importance of Plaster of Paris. [AP-2018, 2021, AUG 2022]
6. Write the average composition of Portland cement.
7. Describe the important uses of caustic soda. (March 2015(A.P.)
8. Describe the important uses of sodium carbonate. [AP 2020]
9. Describe the important uses of quick lime (March-2014)
10. Why are alkali metals not found in the free state in nature (Mar-2013) [AP-2017]
11. Write the properties of Washing soda. (March-2014)
12. Why are IA group elements called as alkali metals (May 2014)
13. Why is gypsum added to cement. (March 2015 (T.S.)
14. Write the preparation of plates of paris. [AP – 2016]
15. Why is KO2 paramagnetic. [AP AUG 2022][TS – 2016]
II. Short answer type questions. (4 marks)
13.*** What do you know about Castner-Kellner process? Write the principle involved in it.
14.*** Given an account of the biological importance of Na+ and K+ ions. [TS 2020] [TS-2017]

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15 *** Give an account of the biological importance of Mg 2 + and Ca 2 + .
16.** Give an account of the properties of washing soda.
17.** What is Plaster of Paris? Write a short note on it. [AP MAR 2019, 2022][AP & TS-2017]
18.* In what ways lithium shows similarities to magnesium in its chemical behaviour?
19* Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process. [AP – 2016, MAR 2019]
20.* Write a few lines about cement.
10. GROUP-13 ELEMENTS

I. Very short answer type questions. ( 2marks)

1. How do you explain higher stability of TICl than TlCl3 ?
2. Is boric acid a protic acid ? Explain.
3. Explain inert pair effect. [TS-2017][AP AUG 2022]
4. What is the hybridization of B in diborane and borazine?
5. Give the formula of borazine. What is its common name? [TS-2017]
6. Give the formulae of (a) Borax (b) Colemanite
7. Sketch the structure of orthoboric acid
8. Write the structure of AIC1 3 as a dimer, and uses. [AP 2021]
9. Why BF3 behaves as a levis acid. [AP 2022]
10. a) Explain why atomic Radius of Ga is less than that of Al. [AP 2022]
3
b) Boran is unable to zoom BF 6 ion Explain. [AP Aug 2022]

II. Short answer type questions. ( 4marks)

11.*** Explain the structure of diborane. (Sep 2000, Mar 2000, 04,07, June 2004,06,
May-2007, Mar 2011, March 2015 (T.S.) [AP – 2016] [AP-2017] [TS-2018]
12.*** Give two methods of preparation of diborane. (March-014)
13.*** How docs diborane react with (May-2012)
(a)H2O (b) C O (c)N(CH3)3 (d)NH3
14.** Explain the structure of boric acid.
15.** Explain borax bead test with a suitable example. (Mar-013) [TS – 2016] [AP-2018]
16. What are electron deficient compounds? Is BCl3 an electron deficient species? [TS 2021, 2022]

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GRQUP-14 ELEMENTS

I. Very short answer type questions.. (2marks)

1. Why is CO poisonous? (March-2013) [TS – 2016] [AP-2018]

2. What is allotropy ? Give the crystalline allotropes of carbon. [AP 2020][TS 2021, 2022](March-
2013)
3. How does graphite function as a lubricant. (June-2011, March 2015 (TS 2020) [AP-2017]
4. Graphite is a good conductor-explain. [AP 2022][TS 2021, 2022](March-09,10,June-09)
5. Diamond has high melting point – explain. [AP 2022]
6. Write the use of ZSM-5. [TS 2020]
7. C-C bond length in graphite is shorter than C-C bond length in diamond - explain
8. Diamond is used as precious stone - explain

9. SiF62 is known while SiCl6 2 is not – explain [AP – 2016]

10. Name any two man made silicates. (March-2014)

11. How is water gas prepared? (March-2012,March-2008) [Mar 2018]
12. How is producer gas prepared?
13. What is use of dry ice? (March, 2015(A.P.)

14. Give the use of CO2 in Photosynthesis. (March-2014)

15. Write the hybridisation of carbon in the following (a) CO 2 (b) Diamond (c) Graphite (d)Fullerene
(May 2014)
16. CCl4 is not dissolved in water, but SiCl4 dissolves why? give reason (May 2014)
17. Give the hybridsation of carbon is diamond and fullerene. [AP – 2016]
18. Write any two uses of zeolites. [TS – 2016]
19. Write any four used of CO2 gas? [AP-2017]
20. What is synthesis gas? [AP 2020]

II. Short answer type questions. ( 4 marks)

20.*** Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structure.
[AP 2021, AUG 2022](June04,Mar07)
21.*** Why is diamond hard? (Mar 2011, March 2015 (TS 2022)
22.** What arc silicones? How are they prepared? Give one example. What are their uses?
(March 2015(A.P.)
23.* Write a note on [TS 2021]
(a) silicates (b) zeolites (c) Fullerenes
24. * What do you understand by (a) Allotropy (b) Inert pair effect (c) Catenation. [TS 2021]
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25.* Explain the structure of silica. How does it react with
(a) NaOH (b) HF

12. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

I. Very short answer type questions. (2 marks)

1. What is chemical oxygen demand (COD) [AP – 2016] [TS-2017]
2. What is Bio chemical oxygen demand (BOD) [AP – 2016, 2020] [TS-2018, 2020]
3. Name the major particulate pollutants present in Troposphere
4. What is green house effect ? Green house effect is caused by and ....gases . (March 2015 (TS
2020) [AP 2020]
5. Which oxides cause acid rain ? and what is its pH value?
6. Name two adverse effects caused by acid rains.
(March 2015 (T.S.) [AP – 2016] [TS-2017] [AP-2018]
7. What is classical smog? and what is its chemical character (Oxidizing reducing) ?
8. What is PAN ? What effect is caused by it
9. How is ozone formed in the stratosphere ?
10. Give the chemical equations involved in the ozone depletion by CF2Cl2
11. What is ozone hole ? Where was it first observed ?
12. Name three industrial chemicals that pollute water
13. What agrochemicals are responsible for water pollution?
14. Define the terms receptor, sink & TLV(March 2015 (A.P.) [AP – 2016] [AP-2017] [AP-2018]
15. What is Eutrophication?
16. What is pollutant, contaminant, speciation
17. Mention the harmful effects caused due to depletion of ozone layer.(March 2015(A.P.) [TS – 2016]
18. Mention the harmful effects caused by global warming. [AP-2017]
19. Green house effect caused by __ and ___ gases. [AP 2020][TS 2020]

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13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

I. Very short answer type questions. (2marks)

O
||
1. Write the 1UPAC names of (a) CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH  CH 2 (b) CH 3  C  CH 3

[TS – 2016] [TS-2018]

2. Write the structural formula of the given compounds (March-2014)

(a) 3,4,4,5 - Tetramethyl heptane (b) 2-Methyl -1 -butene

3. Write the structures of following compounds (a) 2,4 dimethylpentane
(b) 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptane
4. Write the IUPAC names of
a) CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH = CH2

[TS-2016] [TS-2018] [AP-2016] [AP-2018]

[AP 2021]

NO2
CH3
|
CH3  C  CH 3
|
d) (a) CCl3COOH (b) CH 3 (c) CHO [TS2021, 2022]
5. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds
i) ii)

6. Draw cis and trans isomers of the following compounds. Also write their IUPAC names
i) CHCl = CHCl

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ii) C2H5CCH3 = CCH3C2H5

7. Which of the following compounds will show cis-trans isomerism ?

i) (CH3)2C = CH – C2H5 ii) CH2 – CBr2

iii) C6H5CH = CH – CH3 iv) CH3CH = CClCH3

8. Write the structures of: Trichloroethanoic acid, Neopentane, P- nitrobenzaldehyde

9. Discuss Lassaigne's test
10. Explain the principle of chromatography
11. Explain the following
(a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation
12. Ho w is ethylene prepared form ethyl alcohol? Write the reaction.
13. What is the product fromed when sodium propinoate is heated with soda lime.
14. What is dehydorhalogenation? Write the equation for the formation of alkene from alkyl halide
15. Write the reagents required for conversion o f benzene to methyl benzene
16. How is nitrobenzene prepared? [AP-2017]
17. Write the conformations of ethane
18. Write short notes on a) Wurtz reaction (March 2015 (T.S.) [AP-2017]
b) Fridel craft alkylation (March 2015 (T.S.) [TS-2017]

19. What is the type of hybridization of each carbon in the following compound? HC  C-CH=CH 2

[AP-2017]
20. Write the following reaction with equation Polymerization of ethylene? [AP-2017]

21. Write the functional isomers of organic compound C2 H 6 O . [TS-2017]

II. Short answer type questions.. ( 4 marks)

22.*** Complete the following reaction and name the product A,B and C. [AP-2016]
H 2O AlCl3  CH 3Cl
CaC2  hot metal tube
 A   B  C (Mar 2004, Mar 2005, March 2015 (T.S.)

23.*** Name the products A,B and C formed in the following reactions. Give the equations for the
reactions. (March 2009, March 2015 (T.S.)

Br2 / CCl4 Alc . KOH Br2

Ethylene   A   B  C

24.*** What is substitution reaction? Explain any two substitution reactions of benzene.

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(Mar 2007, Sep 2008)

25.*** Which type of compounds react with Ozone? Explain with one example.(Mar 2002,03,04)

26.*** Give two examples each for position and functional isomerism. (Mar 02,05,13) [AP-2016][TS
2022]

27.*** What do you understand about Geometrical isomerism? Explain the Geometrical isomers of
2-butene. [AP 2022](Mar 2007, May 2007)

28.** Explain (i) Inductive effect (ii) Mesomeric effect (iii) Resonance effect with examples

29.** Explain the method of writing E – Z configurations for Geometrical isomers taking

CHCl = CFBr as your example( Mar 2006)

30.** Discuss Markownikov's rule and Kharash effect.

31. * What carcinogenicity? Explain with two examples.

32. What is polymerization? Explain with one example. [TS-2017]

III. Long answer type questions. (8 Marks)

33.*** Describe two methods of preparation of ethylene. Give equation for the reaction of ethylene
with the following. (Mar 2002,04, 2011,2014) [TS-2018, 2020]

(a) Ozone (b) Hypohalous acid

(c) Cold and dil.alk. KMnO4 (d) Heated with O2 at high pressure

34.*** Given two methods of preparation of acetylene. How does it react with water and Ozone?
[TS 2020]

35.*** How does acetylene react with the following reagents? Give the corresponding equations and
name the product formed in the reactions (Sep 2000, June 2002) [TS-2016, 2018, 2020]
(a) Acetic acid (b) Water [AP-2017] (c) Hydrogen (d) Halogens

(e) Hydrogen halide (f) Ammonical AgNO3 and Cu2Cl2.

36.*** Describe any two methods of preparation of benzene ? Explain the halogenation, alkylation,
acylation, nitration and sulphonation of benzene. (Mar- 01,12,2014, May 09, March 2015)
(AP-2021, 2020)[TS 2021]

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36.** Explain the following equations.

a) Wurz Reaction (March 2015) (TS-2017) [AP 2017, 2022]

b) decarboxylation

c) Kolbe’s electrolytic method. (March 2015 (TS))

37. Describe any two methods of preparation of ethane. [TS 2022]

 ALL THE BEST 

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