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2 views

Internet

Uploaded by

d.jamalatdinov
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet and WWW

Digital Literacy [email protected]


Topics
● Obtain The Basic Knowledge Of Computer Networking And The Internet
● Concepts Of Network Applications, Internet

● Basic Knowledge Of Network Protocols: TCP / IP

● Difference Between Internet And Intranet


● Client-server Model vs P2P
● Internet Service Provider (ISP)
A Brief History of the Internet
ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Cold War – military or intelligence advantage


ARPA requested proposals for communication technology

Four nodes: UCLA, Stanford, MIT, & University of Utah

Introduction of the Internet


New networks but different languages (protocol)
Solution: transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP)
Internet: an interconnected network of networks
Internet Terms

Packet – data sent over the internet


Hub – connects other devices to the network and sends packets to all devices
connected to it.
Bridge – connects two networks together and filters packets.
Switches – connects multiple devices and filters packets based upon
destination.
Some Internet applications

● E-mail
● Web
● Instant messaging
● Remote login
● P2P file sharing
● Multi-user network games
Internet
❑ Internet: loosely hierarchical “network of router workstation
networks”
server
mobile
❑ Major Components: Hosts, Routers, local
Communication links ISP

❑ Protocols: for sending, receiving of msgs regional


ISP

company
network
Internet: Three Components
End systems (hosts): millions of router
connected computing devices executing
network applications

Routers: forwarding packets (chunks of


data)

Communication links:
Connecting hosts and routers
● fiber, copper, radio, satellite
● transmission rate = bandwidth
Protocol
Network protocols:
All Communication activity in Internet governed by protocols

Protocols define format, order of messages sent


and received among network entities, and actions
taken on message transmission, receipt
What’s a protocol?
a human protocol and a computer network protocol:

Hi TCP connection
request

Hi
TCP connection
Got the response
time?

Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross

2:00
<file>

time
A closer look at network structure:

❑ Network edge: applications and


hosts
❑ network core:
❑ routers
❑ network of networks
❑ Connection: communication
links

10
10
The Network Edge:
❑ end systems (hosts):
❑ run application programs
❑ e.g. Web, email
❑ at “edge of network”
❑ client/server model
❑ client host requests, receives
service from always-on server
❑ e.g. Web browser/server; email
client/server
❑ peer-peer model:
❑ minimal (or no) use of dedicated
servers
❑ e.g. Torrent ?
Internet Service

❑ Communication services provided to applications:


❑ Connectionless unreliable
❑ Connection-oriented reliable
Network edge: Connection-oriented service
TCP [ Transmission Control Protocol ]
❑ reliable, in-order : byte-stream data transfer
loss: acknowledgements and retransmissions
❑ flow control:
sender won’t overwhelm receiver
❑ congestion control:
senders “slow down sending rate” when network congested
Examples of applications using TCP:
❑ HTTP (Web), FTP (file transfer)
Network edge: connectionless service

❑ UDP [User Datagram Protocol]


❑ connectionless
❑ unreliable data transfer
❑ no flow control
❑ no congestion control

Examples of applications using UDP:


❑ streaming media, teleconferencing, DNS, Internet telephony
The Network Core

data transfer methods through net


❑ circuit switching: dedicated
circuit per call: telephone net
❑ packet-switching: data sent
through net in discrete
“chunks”
Circuit Switching

End-end resources reserved for


“call”
❑ call setup required
❑ link bandwidth, switch
capacity
❑ dedicated resources: no sharing
❑ circuit-like (guaranteed)
performance
Packet-switched networks
❑ Move packets through routers from source to destination
❑ Datagram network:
❑ destination address in packet determines next hop
❑ routes may change during session
❑ Virtual circuit network:
❑ each packet carries tag (virtual circuit ID), tag determines next hop
❑ fixed path determined at call setup time, remains fixed thru call
Difference between Internet and Intranet

Internet:
Internet is used to connect the different networks of computers
simultaneously. It is a public network therefore anyone can
access the internet. On the internet, there are multiple users
and it provides an unlimited of information to the users.

Intranet:
Intranet is the type of internet that is used privately. It is a
private network therefore anyone can’t access the intranet. On
the intranet, there is a limited number of users and it provides
a piece of limited information to its users.
Difference between Internet and Intranet
Client-server model

❑ To make any use of the Internet, application programs should run on the
two endpoints of a network connection.
❑ The applications are the entities that communicate with each other to
exchange services
❑ “Client” applications request service
❑ “Server” applications provide service.
Client-Server Relationship: Many-to-One
Servers
Run all the time
Provide service to any client
Typically specialize in providing a certain type of service,
e.g. Mail.

Clients
Run when needed, then terminate (i.e. finite)
Actively Open TCP or UDP connection with Server
ISP
An Internet service provider (ISP), also sometimes referred to as an Internet
access provider (IAP), is a company that offers its customers access to the
Internet.

In other words, ISP is a service (an access) provider to a business/company


that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a
monthly or yearly fee.

For complete Internet connectivity..??


● You must be able to reach all destinations on the net
● Your packets have to get delivered to every destination
● Packets from everywhere else have to “find you”. This is done by having your
ISP(s) advertise routes for you.
TYPES OF ISP

An Internet Service Providers are categorized as:


1. Regional ISP’s
2. National ISPs

Other than Internet connection, ISPs may also provide related services like Web site
hosting & development, email hosting, domain name registration etc.

Regional ISP A regional ISP usually provides Internet access to a specific geographic
area and usually has a smaller technical support team

National ISP A national ISP is a business that provides Internet access in cities and
towns nationwide and have a much larger technical support team.
Some Internet applications

● Client Server
vs
● P2P file sharing
Revise

● PAN (Personal Area Network)


● LAN (Local Area Network)
● MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
● WAN (Wide Area Network)

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