PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.

3
BHUBANESWAR

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
FOR THE PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF AISSCE
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 2024-25

TOPIC: BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA

NAME: AYAN PRADHAN
ROLL NO.: 12
 CERTIFICATE

This project entitled "BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA", is the

investigatory project work in Master/Miss BIOLOGY
(044), successfully completed by student of class-XII, PM
SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.3, with AISSCE Roll
No. 12 under the supervision of Smt. Jyotirmayee
Tripathy (PGT Biology), for the partial fulfilment of
requirements for the course completion in pursuance of
AISSCE 2024-25.

Teacher In-Charge Principal

Practical Examiner School Stamp

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INDEX

S.N TOPIC
1. Acknowledgement
2. Aim of project
3. What is Biodiversity ?
4. Types of Biodiversity
5. Biodiversity in India
6. Example of Biodiversity at different level
In India
7. Uses of Biodiversity
8. Threat to Biodiversity
9. Conservation of Biodiversity
10. Protected areas
11. Ramsar site
12. Biodiversity convention in World and India
13. Conclusion
14. Bibliography

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people

have Best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged
support, this Time I am utilizing to thank all the people who
have been concerned with this project.

Primarily I would thank God for being able to complete this

Project with success. Then I would like to thank my principal
DR A K MISHRA and biology teacher Smt. Jyotirmayee
Tripathy (PGT Biology) whose valuable guidance Has been the
ones that helped me patch this project and make it full Proof
success his/her suggestions and his/her instructions had served
as the Major contribution towards the completion of the project.

Then I would like to thank my parents and my friends who have

Helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has
been Helpful in various phases of the completion of the Project.

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AIM OF PROJECT
The main aim of this investigatory project is:
TO STUDY BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA.

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What is biodiversity ?

The sum total of species richness, i.e., the number of species of

plants, animals and micro-organisms inhabiting in a given
habitat is known as biodiversity.

Types of biodiversity:-

* Genetic diversity:- The different types or variation of genes that are

present in a population or in a given species.

* Species diversity:- The diversity at the species level.

* Ecological diversity:- The diverse array of ecosystems being seen
in a huge geographical location.

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BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA:-
Just 17 of the world’s 190 or so countries contain 70 percent of
its biodiversity, earning them the title “megadiverse.” India is
one of these megadiverse countries with 2.4% of the land area,
accounting for 7-8% of the species of the world, including about
91,000 species of animals and 45,500 species of plants, that have
been documented in its ten bio-geographic regions.
Of these 12.6% of mammals, 4.5% of birds, 45.8% of reptiles,
55.8% of amphibians and 33% of Indian plants are endemic,
being found nowhere else in the world.

• Some Examples Of Biodiversity At Different

Levels In India:- 1. Genetic Diversity:-

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a. Different breeds of dogs

b. There are more than 50,000 varieties of rice and more than a
thousand varieties of mangoes found in India

2. Species Diversity:-
a. The Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species
diversity than the Eastern Ghats.

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3. Ecological Diversity:-
a. India with its deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs,
wetlands, estuaries and alpine meadows has a greater ecosystem
diversity.

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USE OF BIODIVERSITY:-
Biodiversity provides vital ecosystem functions such as:-
1.soil fertilization
2. nutrient recycling
3.pest and disease regulation
4.erosion control
5.crop and tree pollination

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Threat To Biodiversity:-
1.Natural causes

• Narrow geographical area

• Low population
• Low breeding rate
• Natural disasters

2.Anthropogenic causes
* Habitat modification
* Overexploitation of selected species
* Innovation by exotic species
* Pollution
* Hunting
* Global warming and climate change
* Agriculture
* Domino effect

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• About 24 per cent of mammals and 12 per cent of bird

species are currently considered to be globally threatened.

• More than 50 per cent of the world's wetlands have been

drained, and populations of inland water and wetland
species have declined by 50per cent between 1970 and
1999.

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Conservation of Biodiversity:-
• Biodiversity can be conserved by protecting its whole
ecosystem.
• There are two basic approaches for conservation if
biodiversity.

. In-situ-Conservation
. Ex-Situ-Conservation

In- situ:Conservation of species in their natural habitat.

E.g. natural parks, nature reserves

Ex- situ:Conserving species in isolation of their natural habitat.

E.g. zoo, botanical gardens, seed banks.

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In-Situ-Conservation:-
This approach involves protection of species in their natural
habitat.

• Biodiversity Hotspots:-

• These are regions of high levels of species richness and

high degree of endemism.

• Endemic species are species confined only to a limited

region.
• There are 34 Hotspots in the world
• In India, the three hot spots are Western Ghats and Sri
Lanka, Indo - Burma and Himalaya.
• These reduce mass extinction by 30%.

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Hotspots in the world:-

There are in total 34 Hotspots in the whole world and three of
these hotspots....
Western ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalayas are in
India.

Western Ghats And Sri Lanka:-

• IT IS ONE OF THE MAJOR HOTSPOTS OF BIOLOGICAL

DIVERSITY IN THE WORLD.
• IT IS SOMETIMES CALLED THE GREAT ESCARPMENT OF
INDIA.
• HAS A TOTAL OF 39 PROPERTIES INCLUDING NATIONAL
PARKS WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES. ETC.

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Himalayas:-

The Eastern Himalayas are a region of global importance for

biodiversity.
- Three Global 200 ecoregions
• Eastern Himalayan Alpine Meadows,
• Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf and Conifer Forests,

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• Terai Duar Savannas and Grasslands

- Biodiversity Hotspot
- Endemic/Important Bird Areas

HIMALAYAS
Indo-Burma Hotspot:-

• Includes more than 2 million km² of tropical Asia,

IndoBurma and its biodiversity is still to bediscovered.
• Six large mammal species have been discovered in the last
12 years large-antlered muntjac, Annamite muntjac,
greyshanked douc, Annamite striped rabbit, leaf deer, and
saola.

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• Contains many endemism freshwater turtle species, most of

which are threatened with extinction, due to overharvesting
and habitat loss.

Protected areas:-
• India has 14 biosphere reserves, 90 national parks and 448
wildlife sanctuaries.
• Jim Corbett National park was the first to be established in
India.

Top 10 National Parks Of India:-

• Bandhavgarh National Park

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• Ranthambore National Park

• Kaziranga National Park
• Kanha National Park

•
• Manas National Park
• Bandipur National Park
• Sultanpur National Park
• Nandankanan Zoo, Orissa
• Nagarhole National Park
• Corbett National Park
Ramasar Site:-
• Ramsar sites are wetlands which are considered to be of
international importance.
• There are 26 Ramsar sites in India. Some of these are
chilika lake, rudrasagar lake, etc

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Ex-Situ-Conservation:-

• This approach involves placing threatened animals and

plants in special care units for their protection.

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• India has 35 botanical gardens and 275 zoological parks

where animals which has become extinct in wild are
maintained.
• By using cyropreservation technique sperms, eggs, animal
cells, can be stored for long periods in gene banks, seed
banks, etc.
• Plants are propagated in vitro using tissue culture methods.

Biodiversity Convention:-
• The first convention on biodiversity organized at Rio De Janerio,
capital of Brazil from June 5 to 16, 1992 named as United Nation
Conference On Environment and Development (UNCED) better
known as Rio Summit to maintain ecological balance and enrich

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biodiversity. The agreement on biodiversity signed by 150

countries including three programmes
• To ensure conservation of biodiversity
• Sustainable use of biodiversity
• Rational and equitable share of profit to accrue from use of genetic
resources.

In INDIA :-
• The International Conference held on Biodiversity in Relation to
Food & Human Security in a warming planet 15-17 February, 2010
in Chennai.
• International Conference on Wildlife & Biodiversity Conservation
held on 3 to 5 June, 2010 at Dal lake, Srinagar, Kashmir.
• Indian Biodiversity Congress (IBC) & Indian Biodiversity
Expo(IBE) will be held on 27-31 December at
Thriuvananthapuram, Kerala.

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Conclusion:-
India is a Biodiversity rich country and biodiversity is our
life. If the Biodiversity got lost at this rate then in near future,
the survival of human being will be threatened. So, it is our
moral duty to conserve Biodiversity as well our Environment.
Long term maintenance of species and their management
requires co-operative efforts across entire landscapes.
Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale of habitats or
ecosystems rather than at species level.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY –
1. NCERT Textbook
2. Biology Notes Class 12
3. Internet

Thank You

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