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    Waves and Optics Assignment 2024

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    Waves and Optics Assignment 2024

    Uploaded by

    kuzivakwshemukwakwami
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    Waves and Optics Assignment 2024

    Uploaded by

    kuzivakwshemukwakwami

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    National University of Science & Technology

    Faculty of Applied Sciences


    Department of Applied Physics
    BSc. (Hons) Degree in Applied Physics I
    BSc. (Hons) Degree in Earth Science I
    Waves and Optics – SPH 1201
    Assignment Due Date: 06. 05. 2024

    1 (a) A sinusoidal wave on a string is described by the equation


    𝑦 = (0.15 m) sin(0.80𝑥 − 50𝑡)
    where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are in meters and 𝑡 is in seconds. If the mass per unit length of this string
    is 12 𝑔/m, determine the
    i. speed of the wave, [2]
    ii. wavelength and [2]
    iii. power transmitted to the wave. [2]
    (b) A pulse traveling along a string of linear mass density 𝜇 is described by the wave function
    𝑦 = [𝐴𝑜 𝑒 −𝑏𝑥 ] sin(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
    where the factor in brackets before the sine function is said to be the amplitude. Calculate
    i. the power P(𝑥) carried by this wave at a point 𝑥. [2]
    ii. the power carried by this wave at the origin. [1]
    iii. the ratio 𝑃(𝑥)⁄𝑃(0). [1]
    (c) Calculate the length of a pipe that has a fundamental frequency of 240 Hz if the pipe is
    i. closed at one end and [2]
    ii. open at both ends. [2]

    2 (a) Describe what is observed when white light is passed through the prism. [4]
    (b) A slit of width d is illuminated by white light.
    i. For what value of d will the first minimum of red light (𝜆 = 650 nm) fall at angle
    𝜃 = 30°? [3]
    ii. What is the ratio of the slit width to wavelength for this case? [1]
    (c) In 2(b), what is the wavelength 𝜆 of the light whose diffraction maximum (excluding the
    central maximum) falls at 𝜃 = 30°, thus coinciding with the first minimum for red light? [4]

    Page 1 of 2
    SPH 1201 P. Munsaka
    3 (a) A truck horn (𝑓 = 200 Hz) sounds higher or lower in frequency depending on whether it
    approaches or recedes. Prove that the difference in frequency between the approaching
    and receding truck horns is:
    2(𝑢/𝑣)
    ∆𝑓 = 𝑓 [4]
    1 − (𝑢/𝑣)2
    where 𝑢 is the speed of the truck and 𝑣 is the speed of sound.
    (b) A supersonic aircraft is flying parallel to the ground. When the aircraft is directly
    overhead, an observer sees a rocket fired from the aircraft. Ten seconds later the observer
    hears the sonic boom, followed 2.80 seconds later by the sound of the rocket engine.
    Calculate the Mach number of the aircraft. [5]

    4 (a) Determine the maximum angle 𝜃 for which the light rays incident on the end of the pipe
    in Figure 1 are subject to total internal reflection along the walls of the pipe. Assume that
    the pipe has an index of refraction of 1.36 and the outside medium is air. [5]
    2 𝜇m

    Figure 1: rays incident on the end of the solid pipe

    (b) At an intersection of University hallways, a convex mirror is mounted high on a wall to


    help people avoid collisions. The mirror has a radius of curvature of 0.55 m.
    i. Locate and describe the image of a student 10 m from the mirror. [3]
    ii. Determine the magnification. [2]

    5 (a) Explain the formation of Newton’s rings and comment on the colour pattern of fringes
    when white light is used. [5]
    (b) When a liquid is introduced into the air space between the lens and the plate in Newton’s
    rings apparatus, the diameter of the tenth ring changes from 1.50 cm to 1.31 cm. Calculate
    the index of refraction of the liquid. [5]

    (c) Discuss how Michelson’s interferometer can be used to define a meter. [5]

    -------------------- The End --------------------

    Page 2 of 2
    SPH 1201 P. Munsaka

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