Quantum Computing: Transforming IT and Addressing Ethical Challenges

A Case Study Submitted to

The Faculty of College of Informatics
Philippine Christian University – Manila Campus

As a Final Requirement for the Subject

Living in IT ERA

By:

Arias, Maxien Ashley P.

Beluso, Nemia C.
Bermas, Thadeus Anthony P.
Colubio, Merwin C.
Ramos, Ivan Royce J.
Tabuzo, Hannah Laine

December 2024

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
INTRODUCTION 3
OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGY 4
IMPACT ANALYSIS 5
Benefits 5
Challenges 5
Societal Effects 6
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 7
Key Issues 7
Proposed Solutions 7
Future Predictions 8
CONCLUSION 9
REFERENCES 10
VISUAL AIDS 10

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 INTRODUCTION

Quantum computing is revolutionizing the field of information technology by offering

unprecedented computational power and capabilities. Unlike classical computers, which

operate on binary bits (0 or 1), quantum computers utilize quantum bits (qubits) that can

represent both states simultaneously due to the principle of superposition. This unique

characteristic, when combined with quantum entanglement—the phenomenon where

qubits become interlinked and the state of one can influence another—enables quantum

systems to address complex problems that are currently infeasible for classical

computers. The potential applications of quantum computing span across various

domains, including cryptography, optimization, and advanced simulations, thereby

having transformative effects on IT and many other industries.

Moreover, as organizations such as IBM, Google, and others lead in the race for

quantum advancement, they are concurrently confronted with ethical and societal

challenges that accompany such powerful technology. The exploration of quantum

computing's functionality, its socio-economic implications, and ethical considerations

becomes paramount as we consider its role over the next decade. Research has indicated

that embracing this technology responsibly could foster innovation while ensuring

equitable access and minimizing negative impacts on society (IBM, 2023; NIST, 2022).

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 OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGY

Quantum computing relies on the principles of quantum mechanics, which differ

fundamentally from classical computing paradigms. Qubits, the core units of quantum

information, can exist in multiple states at once, allowing quantum computers to perform

calculations exponentially faster than their classical counterparts. The ability to execute

multiple calculations simultaneously enhances processing speed and efficiency,

especially for tasks like optimization and simulation.

Key players in the quantum computing landscape include IBM, Google, and various

startups, each bringing unique approaches and technologies to the sector. IBM's

Quantum System One exemplifies cloud-based quantum computing, offering users

direct access to powerful quantum processing resources. Notably, Google achieved a

significant milestone in 2019 by demonstrating "quantum supremacy," a breakthrough

allowing quantum systems to solve specific problems more efficiently than classical

computers could, a feat that underscores the technology’s potential (Arute et al., 2019).

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 IMPACT ANALYSIS

Benefits

Quantum computing has profound implications for cryptography, scientific research, and

industry. While its ability to break traditional encryption algorithms poses significant

cybersecurity risks, it also drives the development of quantum-resistant encryption

methods to secure data. In scientific advancements, quantum computers accelerate

progress in drug discovery, materials science, and climate modeling by solving complex

simulations that are currently infeasible for classical systems. Additionally, industries

such as logistics, finance, and manufacturing benefit from quantum optimization

algorithms, enabling cost reduction and improved efficiency through advanced

problem-solving capabilities.

Challenges

Quantum computing faces significant challenges that hinder its widespread adoption.

Current systems are plagued by technical limitations, such as error-prone operations and

the requirement for extremely low temperatures to maintain qubit stability. Additionally,

the high costs associated with developing and maintaining quantum systems restrict

accessibility, making the technology viable only for well-funded organizations.

Scalability also remains a major hurdle, as building quantum computers with a large

number of stable qubits is essential for practical applications yet technically challenging

to achieve.

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Societal Effects

Quantum computing has the potential to reshape industries, creating significant

opportunities while also disrupting traditional jobs. For instance, advancements in

quantum AI could automate tasks previously performed by humans, leading to increased

efficiency but also potential job displacement. Furthermore, unequal access to quantum

technology may exacerbate the digital divide, deepening disparities between nations and

organizations with differing levels of resources and technological capability.

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 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Key Issues

Quantum computing raises several critical issues that must be addressed. One major

concern is cybersecurity risks, as quantum computers can crack traditional encryption

methods like RSA, potentially compromising sensitive data worldwide. Additionally,

economic inequality may worsen, with only wealthy nations and corporations able to

afford and leverage quantum technology, thereby increasing the technology gap. Finally,

job displacement is a significant risk, as automation driven by quantum advancements

could replace workers across various industries, leading to social and economic

disruptions.

Proposed Solutions

To address the challenges posed by quantum computing, several proactive measures are

necessary. Investing in post-quantum cryptography is crucial to developing secure

encryption methods that can withstand quantum attacks. International collaboration is

equally important to establish regulations, promote knowledge sharing, and ensure

equitable access to quantum technology, preventing further technological divides.

Additionally, reskilling and upskilling programs should be implemented to help workers

adapt to the changing job landscape, mitigating the societal impact of job displacement

caused by automation and quantum advancements.

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Future Predictions

In the coming decade, quantum computing is anticipated to drive transformative

breakthroughs across multiple domains. In artificial intelligence, it will enable real-time

natural language processing and power advanced machine learning models,

revolutionizing how AI systems learn and interact. The field of personalized medicine

will also benefit, with quantum simulations offering unprecedented insights into

molecular interactions, paving the way for tailored treatments. Additionally, quantum

computing will significantly influence global cybersecurity policies as organizations

race to implement quantum-resistant algorithms to safeguard sensitive data. By 2035,

experts foresee quantum computing moving beyond research labs, achieving widespread

commercial applications and integrating with cloud computing services to democratize

access, making this revolutionary technology more broadly available.

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 CONCLUSION

Quantum computing represents a monumental shift in the IT landscape, with the

potential to solve humanity’s most complex problems. From revolutionizing fields like

cryptography, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine to driving advancements

in climate modeling and materials science, the applications of quantum computing are

vast and transformative. However, alongside these opportunities lie significant

challenges, including technical limitations, high costs, and profound ethical concerns.

Addressing these challenges requires proactive measures such as fostering international

collaboration, developing robust quantum-resistant encryption, and ensuring equitable

access to this technology. Moreover, governments, academia, and industry must

prioritize investments in education and workforce training to prepare society for the

disruption quantum computing may bring.

As the technology evolves, it will likely catalyze a new era of innovation, redefining

industries, economies, and even geopolitical dynamics. By balancing innovation with

ethical foresight, quantum computing can pave the way for a future where technological

advancements serve all of humanity, ensuring progress and inclusivity in equal measure.

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 REFERENCES

● Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R., et al. (2019). Quantum supremacy using a
programmable superconducting processor. Nature, 574(7779), 505–510.

● IBM. (2023). What is quantum computing? Retrieved from IBM Quantum

Computing

● National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2022). Post-quantum

cryptography standards.

VISUAL AIDS
● Diagram: How qubits work (showing superposition and entanglement).

● Chart: Comparison of classical and quantum computing performance.

● Timeline: Milestones in quantum computing development.

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