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@iitjeehelps
 kANAK Jain
B Tech (Electrical), IIT, Jodhpur
rakesh lokwani
M Sc (Mathematics), MDS University, Ajmer

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JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: MATHEMATICS

by Kanak Jain & Rakesh Lokwani

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 PREFACE
People seek careers in science or engineering for many reasons. Some have specific goals, some wish to cure diseases
or combat hunger or reduce pollution; or they dream of developing the next laser, transistor, or vehicle for space travel;
or they imagine building companies that capitalise on new engineering capabilities. Some choose careers in science or
engineering because they are curious about the natural world. Others are motivated by the excitement and beauty of
the intellectual world and hope to formulate theories that will lead to new ways of thinking about the world. Careers in
science and engineering are essentially hope-filled endeavours that can improve people’s lives and result in knowledge
that all people can share. As the techniques and products of science and technology have become more central to modern
society, a background in science and engineering has become essential to more and more careers.
Knowing what you value and desire, along with an assessment of your strengths and weaknesses, makes it possible
to establish personal goals. Most people already have a mix of short-term and long-term goals of some type in mind for
themselves. It is not unusual for short-term goals to support long-term goals. For example, a student’s long-term goal
to get in IITJEE might be supported by a series of short-term goals related to class attendance, studies habits, project
preparation, academic test performance and commitment to outside activities. JEE is a national level engineering entrance
exam for admission in some of the leading technical institutes of the country. This exam is at undergraduate level and is
divided into two parts – JEE Main and JEE Advanced. Candidates will first have to appear in JEE Main and qualify it.
In JEE Main, approximately 55% of the paper comes from class 12 while 45% of the paper comes from class 11
syllabus. JEE Main is the national level entrance test for the engineering students through IIT/NITs. Competition is
getting tough, with lakhs of students appearing every year. As per the information shared by the national testing agency
(NTA) a total of about 1 million candidates appeared for JEE Main last year. NCERT books are very important for board
examination as well as JEE Main. In JEE Main January exam, a lot of questions in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
were directly taken from NCERT books. Students who secured rank among Top 2.5 Lakh in JEE Main were allowed to
appear for JEE Advanced. Therefore, due to increase in a number of candidates to be shortlisted for JEE Advanced, the
cutoff marks of JEE Main can be low in comparison with last year.
Apart from subject knowledge, mock test helps to make a sound strategy for a good rank. Strategy helps you to
identify the topics you need to pick first, which questions need to be skipped, topics where you need to devote more time
etc. Mock tests help you to identify these sections which can be attempted effortlessly along with the required areas of
improvement. Speed and accuracy plays a vital role to increase your performance in the JEE Main exam. To get a good
rank and desired college through JEE Main, it becomes important to prepare well and practice enough. One of the best
methods to practice is attempting online mock tests.
Facing examinations, tests, competitions, interviews can help you to conquer with confidence and ease. If you have
‘will’, victory is yours. If you show courage, you can make the conquest. This “chapter-wise solved papers” book will
help you to discover hidden strength, latent power, forgotten talents, and untapped potentialities and also help you to
rediscover yourself. Each chapter begins with a ‘Quick Look’ setting the purpose to know the approach of concepts and
analytical view through solved problems. The JEE Main and Advanced demand that students have a sound knowledge of
the subject so that they can solve new types of problems. New ideas, practical tools and study strategies are essential not
only to attain success in JEE, but also a good rank. The most important element to prepare for any exam is good study
materials. Following the right JEE study material is very important for preparing for the examination. NCERT are the
best JEE books to prepare for the exam and good practice of previous years' questions which aspirants can pursue while
preparing for this Examination.
When you get into IIT or Engineering College and people ask you how you succeeded, make sure you drop me a line,
as well suggestions for the improvement of the book on [email protected]
I would like to read from you or to hear on 9462961150. May this book serve you as your lighthouse, compass and
map on your journey to the IIT! It is hoped that students will find the book useful in their preparation for JEE Main and
Advanced as well for other engineering entrance examinations.
You could be a successful student!
Forever striving for your success

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 JEE MAIN AND Advanced EXAM PATTERN
JEE Main Exam Pattern
The National Testing Agency (NTA) has released the official paper pattern of JEE Main. This year, Paper I and Paper
II will be conducted in two shifts per day. With that, Paper I will be held in fully computer-based mode for B Tech/ B E
aspirants, while Paper II will be partly computer-based (mathematics and aptitude test) and partly pen and paper based
(drawing test) for B Arch/ B Planning.
Paper I will comprise of objective type questions based on Mathematics, Chemistry, and Physics having equal
weightage in the total of 360 marks. Whereas, Paper II of JEE Main will be for 390 marks based on Mathematics,
Aptitude and Drawing skills. According to NTA now Papers I and II will be conducted in two shifts per day. Also, Paper
1 is being held in complete computer-based mode, while Paper II is conducted partly computer-based (mathematics and
aptitude test) and partly pen and paper based (drawing test).
From 2019, National Testing Agency (NTA) is conducting JEE Main twice a year in January and April, Paper I to be
held in computer-based mode only in 8 different slots and Paper II in two slots.
JEE Main 2019 Exam Pattern–Paper I
Parameters Particulars
Exam Mode Computer-based test mode
Exam Duration 3 hours
Subjects Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics
Total Number of Questions 90 (Each subject will have 30 questions)
Type of Questions Objective having 4 options each with only 1 correct option
4 marks will be awarded for every correct response; for the incorrect response, 1 mark
Marking Scheme
will be deducted. No marks will be given for unattempted questions.
Maximum Marks Total of 360 Marks
English or Hindi (Candidates from Gujarat, Daman & Diu and Dadra and Nagar
Medium of Paper
Haveli can opt for Gujarati as well)
JEE Main Exam Pattern 2019–Paper II
Parameters Particulars
Mathematics and Aptitude test will be computer-based, whereas Drawing test will be
Exam Mode
conducted in the pen-and-paper mode
Exam Duration 3 hours
Subjects Mathematics, General Aptitude, and Drawing skills
Total Number of Questions 83 (Mathematics 30 questions, Aptitude 50 and Drawing 3)
Mathematics and Aptitude will be objective type while Drawing section will have
Type of Questions
questions to test the drawing and sketching skills
4 marks will be awarded for every correct response; for incorrect response 1 mark will
Marking Scheme
be deducted. No marks will be given for unattempted questions.
Total of 390 Marks (Drawing section will be of total 70 marks, marking of every
Maximum Marks
question will be given along with it.
English or Hindi (Candidates from Gujarat, Daman & Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Medium of Paper
can opt for Gujarati as well)
Candidates can also make use of the opportunity to practice before the exam as NTA has established a network of test
practice centres for students. NTA has identified various Schools/Engineering colleges where these Test Practice Centres
(TPC) has been opened for the JEE aspirants to get familiar with the computer-based exam pattern. To practice mock tests
in these centres, candidates will have to register first.

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 viii

JEE Advanced Exam Pattern

The computer-based exam consists of 2 papers–Paper I and Paper II of 3 hours duration each. Both the papers are
compulsory. There is no fixed pattern of the exam. The conducting body always surprises students taking the exam.
In JEE Advanced, the questions asked in the question paper are quite tough and quite tricky. The exam is further
designed to judge not just theoretical knowledge but also reasoning ability, comprehension skills and analytical
power of the students. Therefore, it is important to get familiar with the exam early on.
The exam is held in an online mode (computer-based test) where students need to have a basic knowledge
about the working of a computer and the mouse. Candidates have to use the mouse to click on the right option as
the answer.
JEE Advanced General Information
Exam Name JEE Advanced
Organising Insitute IIT
Mode of Examination Computer Based
Medium of Examination English/Hindi
Number of Papers 2 – Paper I and II
Number of Sections 3 – Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Time Duration of Exam 3 hours each paper
Types of Question Numerical and Objective Type
NOTE: The number of questions in JEE Advanced is not fixed. They vary every year. So, maximum marks cannot
be defined. JEE Advanced Exam Pattern can be like earlier years.
JEE Advanced Exam Pattern - Paper I
Pattern Section 1 Section 2 Section 3
Question Type One or more correct options Single digit integer Single option is correct

JEE Advanced Exam Pattern - Paper II

Pattern Section 1 Section 2 Section 3
Question Type One or more correct options Single digit integer Single option is correct

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 An Analysis of the IIT-JEE
The complexity of the IIT-JEE arises from the fact that the questions are always unique in their context, and solving
them often requires a combination of concepts from across different chapters. Nonetheless, some basic data analysis
can be quite revealing and could give some important insights into how one should go about preparing for each
subject. Such analyses form the basis of our understanding of the JEE. The section-wise breakup of marks in the
past years JEE mains and advanced has been given below for your reference.

Class Physics Chemistry Mathematics Total

Class 12 58 67 55 60
Class 11 42 33 45 40

Questions Toughness Level Percentage-wise:

Toughness Level Physics Chemistry Mathematics Total
Difficult 35 24 30 30
Moderate 40 50 45 45
Easy 25 26 25 25

The problems and examinations in the

mathematics discipline not only test your
knowledge of mathematics but also enhance
your skills in solving problems. This book
contains quick look of last years solved papers
of mathematics and mock tests for honing
your skills and become confident and versatile
problem-solver.

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 IIT-JEE Syllabus: Mathematics
Unit 1: Sets, Relations and Functions: Sets and their and G.M. Sum upto n terms of special series: S n, S n2,
representation; Union, intersection and complement of Sn3, Arithmetico Geometric progression.
sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relation, Unit 8: Limit, Continuity and Differentiability: Real-
Types of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one- valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials,
one, into and onto functions, composition of functions. rational trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential
Unit 2: Complex Numbers and Quadratic functions, inverse functions, Graphs of simple functions.
Limits, continuity and differentiability. Differentiation
Equations: Complex numbers s ordered pairs of reals,
of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two
representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib
functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse
and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and
algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two. Rolle’s
(or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems. Applications of
a complex number, triangle inequality, Quadratic derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-
equations in real and complex number system and their increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima
solutions. Relation between roots and co-efficients, of functions of one variable, tangents and normals.
nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with
Unit 9: Integral Calculus: Integral as an anti-
given roots.
derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic,
Unit 3: Matrices and Determinants: Matrices, algebra trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.
of matrices, types of matrices, determinants and matrices Integration by Substitution, by parts and by partial
of order two and three. Properties of determinants, fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities.
evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using Evaluation of simple integrals of the type
determinants. Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of dx dx dx dx dx
a square matrix using determinants and elementary ∫x 2
±a 2 ∫
, , 2
x ±a a −x
2 2 2
, , 2
a − x ax + bx + c
2 2
,
transformations, test of consistency and solution of
simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables dx ( px + q )dx ( px + q )dx
using determinants and matrices. ∫ ax + bx + c
2
,∫ ,
ax 2 + bx + c ax 2 + bx + c
Unit 4: Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental
principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement ∫ a 2 ± x 2 dx ∫ x 2 − a 2 dx
and combinations as selection, meaning of P (m,r) and C
Integral as limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of
(m,r), simple applications.
Calculus. Properties of definite integrals. Evaluation
Unit 5: Mathematical Induction: Principle of of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions
Mathematical Induction and its simple applications. bounded by simple curves in standard form.
Unit 6: Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Unit 10: Differential Equations: Ordinary differential
Applications: Binomial theorem for a positive index, equations, their order and degree. Formation of differential
general term and middle term, properties of Binomial equations. Solution of differential equation by the method
coefficients and simple applications. of separation of variables, solution of homogeneous and
Unit 7: Sequences and Series: Arithmetic and Geometric linear differential equations of the type:
progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means dy
 p( x) y q( x)
between two given numbers. Relation between A.M. dx

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 xii

Unit 11: Co-ordinate Geometry: Cartesian system of formula, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle
rectangular co-ordinates 10 in a plane, distance formula, between two intersecting lines, skew lines, the shortest
section formula, locus and its equation, translation of distance between them and its equation. Equations of a
axes, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, line and a plane in different forms, intersection of a line
intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes. and a plane, coplanar lines.
Straight Line: Various forms of equations of a Unit 13: Vector Algebra: Vectors and scalars, addition
line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions
conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of and three dimensional space, scalar and vector products,
a point from a line, equations of internal and external scalar and vector triple product.
bisectors of angles between two lines, coordinates of
Unit 14: Statistics and Probability: Measures of
centroid, orthocenter and circumcentre of a triangle,
Dispersion: Calculation of mean, median, mode of
equation of family of lines passing through the point of
grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard
intersection of two lines.
deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped
Circles, Conic Sections: Standard form of equation and ungrouped data. Probability: Probability of an
of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its event, addition and multiplication theorems of a random
radius and centre, equation of a circle when the end points variate, Bernoulli trials and Binomial distribution.
of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line Unit 15: Trigonometry: Trigonometrical identities
and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition and equations. Trigonometrical functions. Inverse
for line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent. trigonometrical functions and their properties, heights
Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, and distances.
ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for
y = mx + c to be a tangent and point (s) of tangency. Unit 16: Mathematical Reasoning: Statements, logical
operations and, or, implies, implied by, if and only if.
Unit 12: Three Dimensional Geometry: Coordinates Understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse and
of a point in space, distance between two points, section contrapositive.

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CONTENTS
Preface...................................................................................................................................................................... v
JEE Main and Advanced Exam Pattern...........................................................................................................vii-viii
An Analysis of the IIT-JEE....................................................................................................................................... ix
IIT-JEE Syllabus: Mathematics..........................................................................................................................xi-xii
1. Set Relations and Functions.........................................................................................................................1-16
2. Quadratic Equations and Expressions........................................................................................................17-28
3. Complex Number.......................................................................................................................................29-42
4. Matrices and Determinants.........................................................................................................................43-62
5. Progressions................................................................................................................................................63-74
6. Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem........................................................................................75-82
7. Exponential and Logarithm Series.............................................................................................................83-86
8. Permutations and Combinations.................................................................................................................87-92
9. Statistics and Probability..........................................................................................................................93-110
10. Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations................................................................................................... 111-128
11. Inverse Trigonometric Functions............................................................................................................129-138
12. Heights and Distances............................................................................................................................139-142
13. Limits, Continuity and Differentiability.................................................................................................143-164
14. Differentiation........................................................................................................................................165-168
15. Applications of Derivatives....................................................................................................................169-190
16. Indefinite Integration..............................................................................................................................191-200

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xiv

17. Definite Integration and Area.................................................................................................................201-224

18. Differential Equations............................................................................................................................225-234
19. Coordinates and Straight Lines..............................................................................................................235-250
20. Circles and Systems of Circles...............................................................................................................251-266
21. Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola)........................................................................................267-292
22. Vector Algebra........................................................................................................................................293-314
23. Three Dimensional Geometry................................................................................................................315-342
24. Mathematical Reasoning........................................................................................................................343-352

MOCK TEST
l Mock Test-1............................................................................................................................................355-372
l Mock Test-2............................................................................................................................................373-386
l Mock Test-3............................................................................................................................................387-400
l Mock Test-4............................................................................................................................................401-414
l Mock Test-5............................................................................................................................................415-430

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Set Relations and Functions 1

1 Set Relations and Functions

QUICK LOOK Power set: If S is any set, then the family of all the subsets
of S is called the power set of S. The power set of S is
Set Theory denoted by P(S). Symbolically, P(S) = {T :T ⊆ S}.
A set is well defined class or collection of objects. A set is Obviously φ and S are both elements of P(S).
often described in the following two ways.
Subsets (set inclusion): Let A and B be two sets. If every
Roster method or listing method: In this method a set is
described by listing elements, separated by commas, within element of A is an element of B, then A is called a subset of B.
braces {}. The set of vowels of English alphabet may be If A is subset of B, we write A ⊆ B, which is read as “A is a
described as {a, e, i, o, u}. subset of B” or “A is contained in B”. Thus, A ⊆ B ⇒ a ∈ A
Set-builder method or rule method: In this method, a set ⇒ a∈B.
is described by a characterizing property P(x) of its Proper and improper subsets: If A is a subset of B and
elements x. In such a case the set is described by {x :P(x) A ≠ B, then A is a proper subset of B. We write this as
holds} or {x | P(x) holds}, which is read as ‘the set of all x
A ⊂ B. The null set φ is subset of every set and every set is
such that P(x) holds’. The symbol ‘|’ or ‘:’ is read as ‘such
that’. subset of itself, i.e., φ ⊂ A and A⊂ A for every set A. They
The set A = {0,1, 4,9,16,....} can be written as are called improper subsets of A. Thus every non-empty set
A = {x 2 | x ∈ Z}. has two improper subsets. It should be noted that φ has
only one subset φ which is improper. All other subsets of
Types of Sets
Aare called its proper subsets. Thus, if A ⊂ B , A ≠ B ,
Null set or empty set: The set which contains no element at all
is called the null set. This set is sometimes also called the A ≠ φ , then A is said to be proper subset of B.
‘empty set’ or the ‘void set’. It is denoted by the symbol φ or
{}. Venn-Euler Diagrams
Singleton set: A set consisting of a single element is called The combination of rectangles and circles are called Venn-
a singleton set. The set {5} is a singleton set. Euler diagrams or simply Venn-diagrams. If A and B are not
Finite set : A set is called a finite set if it is either void set equal but they have some common elements, then to represent
or its elements can be listed (counted, labelled) by natural A and B we draw two intersecting circles. Two disjoints sets are
number 1, 2, 3, … and the process of listing terminates at a represented by two non-intersecting circles.
certain natural number n (say). U
Cardinal number of a finite set: The number n in the A
above definition is called the cardinal number or order of a
Figure: 1.1
finite set A and is denoted by n(A) or O(A).
Infinite set: A set whose elements cannot be listed by the Operations on Sets
natural numbers 1, 2, 3, ...,n, for any natural number n is Union of sets: Let A and B be two sets. The union of A and
called an infinite set. B is the set of all elements which are in set A or in B. We
Equivalent set: Two finite sets A and B are equivalent if denote the union of A and B by A ∪ B , which is usually read
their cardinal numbers are same i.e. n(A) = n(B). as “A union B”.
Equal set: Two sets A and B are said to be equal iff every Symbolically, A ∪ B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}.
element of A is an element of B and also every element of B U
is an element of A. Symbolically, A = B iff x ∈ A ⇔ x ∈ B.
A∪B
Universal set: A set that contains all sets in a given context
is called the universal set. It should be noted that universal A B
set is not unique. It may differ in problem to problem. Figure: 1.2

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2 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

Intersection of sets: Let A and B be two sets. The
Total number of relations: Let A and B be two non-empty
intersection of A and B is the set of all those elements that finite sets consisting of m and n elements respectively. Then
belong to both A and B. A × B consists of mn ordered pairs. So, total number of
U subset of A × B is 2mn. Since each subset of A × B defines
relation from A to B, so total number of relations from A to
A∩B
B is 2mn. Among these 2mn relations the void relation φ and
A B the universal relation A × B are trivial relations from A to B.
Figure: 1.3

Domain and range of a relation: Let R be a relation from a
The intersection of A and B is denoted by A∩B (read as “A set A to a set B. Then the set of all first components or
intersection B”). coordinates of the ordered pairs belonging to R is called the
Thus, A∩B = {x: x∈A and x∈B}. domain of R, while the set of all second components or

Disjoint sets: Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint, if coordinates of the ordered pairs in R is called the range
A ∩ B = φ . If A ∩ B ≠ φ , then A and B are said to be non- of R.
intersecting or non-overlapping sets. Thus, Dom (R) = {a : (a, b) ∈R} and Range (R) = {b : (a, b)
Difference of sets: Let A and B be two sets. The difference of ∈R}.
A and B written as A – B, is the set of all those elements of A
which do not belong to B. Inverse Relation
Let A, B be two sets and let R be a relation from a set A to a set
Thus, A – B = {x :x∈A and x∉B}
B. Then the inverse of R, denoted by R–1, is a relation from B to
Similarly, the difference B − A is the set of all those elements of
B that do not belong to A i.e., B − A = {x ∈ B : x ∉ A} . A and is defined by R −1 = {(b, a) : (a, b) ∈ R}.
U U Clearly (a, b)∈R⇔(b, a) ∈R–1. Also, Dom (R) = Range ( R −1 )
A–B B–A and Range (R) = Dom (R −1 )

A B A B
Figure: 1.4 Types of Relations

Symmetric difference of two sets: Let A and B be two sets.
Reflexive relation: A relation R on a set A is said to be
The symmetric difference of sets A and B is the set reflexive if every element of A is related to itself.
( A − B ) ∪ (B − A ) and is denoted by A ∆B . Thus, A ∆B = Thus, R is reflexive ⇔ (a, a) ∈R for all a∈A.
( A − B) ∪ (B − A) = { x : x ∉ A ∩ B} . Example: Let A = {1, 2, 3} and R = {(1, 1); (1, 3)}

Complement of a set: Let U be the universal set and let A Then R is not reflexive since 3 ∈ A but (3, 3) ∉R
be a set such that A ⊂ U . Then, the complement of A with A reflexive relation on A is not necessarily the identity
relation on A.
respect to U is denoted by A′ or Ac or C(A) orU – A and is
The universal relation on a non-void set A is reflexive.
defined the set of all those elements of U which are not in A.
Symmetric relation: A relation R on a set A is said to be a
Thus, A′ = {x∈U :x∉A}.
symmetric relation iff(a, b) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a) ∈ R for all a, b ∈
Clearly, x∈A′⇔x∉A
A i.e., aRb ⇒ bRa for all a, b ∈ A.
U
it should be noted that R is symmetric iff R −1 = R.
A’
A
The identity and the universal relations on a non-void set
are symmetric relations.
Figure: 1.5 A reflexive relation on a set A is not necessarily symmetric.
Relations
Anti-symmetric relation: Let A be any set. A relation R on
Let A and B be two non-empty sets, then every subset of A × B set A is said to be an anti-symmetric relation iff (a, b) ∈ R
defines a relation from A to B and every relation from A to B is and (b, a) ∈ R ⇒ a = b for all a, b∈A.
a subset of A × B. Thus, if a ≠ b then a may be related to b or b may be related
Let R ⊆ A × B and (a, b) ∈R. Then we say that a is related to b to a, but never both.
by the relation R and write it as a R b. If (a, b) ∈ R , we write it
Transitive relation: Let A be any set. A relation R on set A
as a R b . is said to be a transitive relation iff.

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Set Relations and Functions 3
(a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (a, c) ∈ R for all a, b, c ∈ A i.e., Function: If f : A → B where A ⊆ R , B ⊆ R is a real function
aRb and bRc then f is a rule according to which, corresponding to each
⇒ aRc for all a, b, c∈A.
x ∈ A there is a unique real f ( x ) ∈ B. f ( a ) is the value of the
Transitivity fails only when there exists a, b, c such that a R
b, b R c but a R/ c . function at x = a, i.e., x = a ∈ A corresponds to f (a) ∈ B.

Identity relation: Let A be a set. Then the relation IA = {(a, y = f ( x ), i.e., x ∈ A corresponds to y ∈ B then x is the
a) :a∈A} on A is called the identity relation on A. independent variable and y is the dependent variable.
In other words, a relation IA on A is called the identity relation
if every element of A is related to itself only. Every identity Domain and Range of a Real-Valued Function
relation will be reflexive, symmetric and transitive. If y = f ( x ) be a real function then domain of f = the set of real
Example: On the set = {1, 2, 3}, R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)} x for which f ( x) is real range of f = the set of real values of
is the identity relation on A. It is interesting to note that
f ( x ) for x ∈ domain f = [min f ( x), max f ( x)].
every identity relation is reflexive but every reflexive
relation need not be an identity relation. Note

Equivalence relation: A relation R on a set A is said to be The above result on the range of f is true for continuous
an equivalence relation on A iff functions. If the domain of φ ( x) be D1 and the domain of ψ ( x )
It is reflexive i.e. (a, a) ∈R for all a∈A be D2 then the domain of f ( x) = φ ( x) ±ψ ( x) is D1 ∩ D2 the
It is symmetric i.e. (a, b) ∈R⇒ (b, a) ∈R, for all a, b ∈A
domain of f ( x ) = φ ( x) ×ψ ( x ) is D1 ∩ D2 the domain of
It is transitive i.e. (a, b) ∈R and (b, c) ∈R⇒ (a, c) ∈R for all
φ ( x)
a, b, c∈A. f ( x) = is D1 ∩ D2 − E , where E = the set of zeros of
ψ ( x)
Congruence modulo (m): Let mbe an arbitrary but fixed ψ ( x).
integer. Two integers a and b are said to be congruence modulo

Equality of functions
m if a − b is divisible by m and we write a ≡ b (mod m). Thus Two functions f ( x) and φ ( x ) are equal if
a ≡ b (mod m) ⇔ a − b is divisible by m. For example, 18 ≡ 3
(a) Domain of f = domain of φ and
(mod 5) because 18 – 3 = 15 which is divisible by 5. Similarly,
(b) f ( x) = φ ( x) for all x ∈ the common domain
3 ≡ 13 (mod 2) because 3 – 13 = –10 which is divisible by 2.
But 25 ≠ 2 (mod 4) because 4 is not a divisor of 25 – 3 = 22. Example: f ( x ) = log x 2 , x > 0 and φ ( x ) = 2log x, x > 0 are
The relation “Congruence modulo m” is an equivalence equal function because they have the same domain
relation. (0, + ∝ ) and for each x ∈ (0, + ∝) we have f ( x) = φ ( x) as
log x 2 = 2 log x. But F ( x ) = log x 2 , x ∈ R and φ/(x)= 2log x,
Equivalence Classes of an Equivalence Relation
x > 0 are not equal because they do not have the same
Let R be equivalence relation in A(≠ φ ). Let a ∈ A. Then the
domain.
equivalence class of a, denoted by [a] or {a } is defined as the A function may be defined in any one of the following ways:
set of all those points of A which are related to a under the (a) Uniform definition
relation R. Thus [a] = {x ∈A: x Ra}. (b) Piecewise definition
It is easy to see that (c) General definition given by a property of the function.

b ∈[a] ⇒ a ∈[b] Example: Let

b ∈ [a ] ⇒ [a ] = [b] (a) f ( x ) = x 2 + 1

Two equivalence classes are either disjoint or identical. (b) g ( x ) = 2 x − 1, x < 0 x + 3, x ≥ 0
(c) h( x + y ) = h( x).h( y ) for all x, y ∈ R.
Composition of relations: Let R and S be two relations from
sets A to B and B to C respectively. Then we can define a In (a), the definition is uniform. For every

relation So R from A to C such that (a, c) ∈So R⇔∃b∈B such x ∈ R , f ( x ) = x + 1. 2

that (a, b) ∈R and (b, c) ∈S. This relation is called the In (b), the definition is piecewise. For negative values of
composition of R and S. x, g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 is to be used while for non-negative values

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4 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
of x, g ( x ) = x + 3 is to be used. In (c), the definition is Example: f ( x) = 3 x − 1 is one-one but g ( x) = x 2 + 1 is
general. The function is described by no rules but by a property many-one because f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
of h( x). Clearly h( x ) = e obeys the property, but there may
x
⇒ 3x1 − 1 = 3 x2 − 1
be other functions satisfying the same property.
⇒ x1 = x2 and g ( x1 ) = g ( x2 )

Some special piecewise functions: Modulus function
⇒ x1 + 1 = x2 + 1
2 2
f ( x) = x i.e., f ( x) = x, x > 0 0, x = 0 − x , x < 0 Sign
⇒ x 2 = x2
function f ( x) = 1, x > 0 , 0, x = 0 −1, x < 0 Step function or 1 2

⇒ x = x , −x
greatest integer function f ( x) = [ x], where x = greatest 1 2 2

Into and onto (subjective) functions: A function

integer less than or equal to x, i.e., f ( x) = n, n ≤ x < n + 1 .
f : A → B is an into function if for at least one β ∈ B there
Dirichlet function f ( x) = 1, x is rational 0, x is irrational.
is no α ∈ A such that f (α ) = β . If there is no such β ∈ B

Even, odd and periodic functions
then f is an onto (surjective) function.
A function f ( x) is even if
Example: y = f ( x ) = 2 x − 1 is an onto function from R to R
f (− x) = f ( x) for all x ∈ domain
but y = g ( x) = x 2 + 1 is not onto, i.e., into function from R
A function f ( x) is odd if
f ( x) + 1 y + 1
to R because, x = = and so for every y ∈ R we
f ( − x) = − f ( x) for all x ∈ domain 2 2
A function f ( x) is periodic if  y +1
have the real x =   , and x = g ( x) − 1 = y − 1 and so
f ( x + k ) = f ( x) for all x ∈ domain and k is a positive  2 
constant. for y < 1 we have no real x = ( y − 1). In order to check
If k is the least possible positive constant then k is the period whether y = f ( x) from the set A to B is onto or not, write x
of the function. in terms of y and see if for every y ∈ B, x ∈ A. If so, it is
onto. Otherwise, it is into. A function f which is one-one and
Example: cos x, x , x 2 − 1 are even functions sin x, x 3 are onto (i.e., injective as well as subjective) is called bijective.
odd functions x + 2, e x are neither even nor odd functions
sin x, tan x, x − [ x] are periodic functions. Some standard Inverse function: Let y = f ( x) be a function whose domain is

periodic functions with their periods: A and whose range is B. If for every y ∈ B there exists a single
values of x such that f ( x) = y then an inverse function of f (x)
Function Period Function Period
from B to A is defined, given by x = f −1 ( y ).
f
sin x, cos x 2p sin ax, cos ax 2π / a X Y

sin x, cosec x 2p sec ax, cosex ax 2π / a a a1

tan x, cot x π tan ax, cot ax π /a b b1

x − [ x] 1 constant
c c1
intermediate −1
f

If f ( x) and g ( x ) are two trigonometrical functions of Figure: 1.6

periods 1 and µ then af ( x) + bg ( x) is periodic and has the

Composite function: If f ( x) be a function whose domain
period = 1 c.m. of {λ , µ} .
is A and range is B, and g ( y ) be a function whose domain

One-one (injective and many-one functions): A function is B and the range is C then ( g o f ) ( x) is a composite

f ( x) is one-one (injective) if f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) ⇒ x1 = x2 ; function whose domain is A and range is C such that

( g o f ) ( x) = z ∈ C where f ( x) = y and g ( y ) = z.
otherwise it is many-one.

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Set Relations and Functions 5

x1
are obtained, then f ( x) is a periodic function and the least
y1 z1
positive value of T is the period of the function f ( x). If no
x2 y2 z2
x3
positive value of T independent of x is obtained then f ( x)
y3 z3
f g
is non-periodic function.
( g o f )( x )
A constant function is periodic but does not have a well-
Figure: 1.7 defined period.
Example: Let y = f ( x) = 2 x + 3 and g ( x) = sin x.
If f ( x) is periodic with period p, then f (ax + b) where
then ( g o f ) ( x) = g{ f ( x)} = g ( y ) = g (2 x + 3) = sin(2 x + 3) a, b ∈ R (a ≠ 0) is also period with period p / | a | .

If f ( x) is periodic with period p, then a f ( x ) + b where
Greatest Integer and Fractional Part a, b ∈ R (a ≠ 0) is also periodic with period p.

Greatest integer: Any real number x can always think of
lying between two consecutive integers say P and P + 1.
If f ( x) is periodic with period p, then f (ax + b) where
i.e. P ≤ x < ( P + 1). That means, there always exist an a, b ∈ R (a ≠ 0) is also period with period p / | a | .
integer, say ‘P’ which is just less than or equal to x. This Let f ( x) has period p = m / n (m, n ∈ N and co-prime) and
unique ‘P’ is called the greatest integral value of x and is g ( x ) has period q = r / s (r, s ∈ N and co-prime) and let
symbolically denoted as [x] i.e. [x] stands for the greatest
LCM of (m, r )
integer that is less than or equal to x. t be the LCM of p and q i.e. t = , then
HCM of (r , s)

Fractional part: Fractional Part of any real number is t shall be the period of f + g provided there does not exist a
defined as the difference between the number ‘x’ and it’s positive number) k (< t ) for which f (k + x) + g(k + x) =
integral value‘[x]’and is symbolically denoted as {x}.Thus,
f (x)+g(x), else k will be the period. The same rule is c
{x} = x − [ x], e.g. if x = 5.68, then [x] = 5 and {x} = 0.68. If
applicable for any other algebraic combination of f ( x) and
x is an integer ⇒ x = [ x] ⇒ {x} = 0 ⇒ {[x]} = 0.
g ( x).
If x ∈ [ 0, 1) , then [ x] = 0 ⇒ {x} = x
x ∈ [1, 2), then [ x] = 1 ⇒ {x} = x − 1 Multiple Choice Questions
Y One and More than One Correct
1. If r, s, t are prime numbers and p, q are the positive
y = {x}
(0, 1) integers such that the LCM of p, q is r 2t 4 s 2 , then the
0 0 0 0 number of ordered pair ( p, q ) is [JEE 2006]
a. 252 b. 254 c. 225 d. 224
X
–2 –1 1 2 3
2. Let f be a non-negative function defined on the interval
Figure: 1.8 x x

Domain → R; Range → [0,1);

[0, 1]. If ∫
0
1 − ( f ′(t ))2 dt = ∫ f (t ) dt , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, and
0

Period → 1; Nature → neither even nor odd f (0) = 0, then [JEE 2009 P-I]

Periodic function: A function f : X → Y is said to be a 1 1 1 1
a. f   < and f   >
periodic function provided there exists a positive real 2 2 3 3
number T such that f ( x + T ) = f ( x), for all x ∈ X . The 1 1 1 1
b. f   > and f   >
least of all such positive numbers T is called the principal 2 2 3 3
period or fundamental period or simply period of f. 1 1 1 1
c. f   < and f   <

To check the periodicity of a function put f (T + x) = f ( x) 2 2 3 3
and solve this equation to find the positive values of T 1 1 1 1
d. f   > and f   <
independent of x. If positive values of T independent of x 2 2 3 3

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6 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
3. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4}. The total number of unordered pairs c. f ( x ) is an onto function
of disjoint subsets of S is equal to [JEE 2010 P-II] d. f ( x ) is an even function
a. 25 b. 34
c. 42 d. 41 11. Let A and B be two sets containing four and two elements
respectively. Then the number of subsets of the set A × B ,
4. Let P = {θ : sin θ − cosθ = 2 cosθ } and Q = {θ : sinθ +
each having at least three elements is: [JEE Main 2015]
cos θ = 2 sin θ } be two sets. Then [JEE 2011 P-I] a. 219 b. 256
a. P ⊂ Q and Q − P ≠ φ b. Q ⊄ P c. 275 d. 510

c. P ⊄ Q d. P = Q π π 
12. Let f ( x ) = sin  sin  sin x   for all x∈R and
5. Let f ( x ) = x and g( x ) = sin x for all x ∈ ℝ . Then the
2
6 2 
set of all x satisfying (f o g o g o f) (x) = (g o g o f) (x), π
g ( x) = sin x for all x ∈ R. Let (f o g)(x) denote f (g(x))
where (f o g) (x) = f (g(x)), is [JEE 2011 P-II] 2
a. ± nπ , n ∈{0,1, 2...} and (g o f)(x) denote g(f (x)). Then which of the following
is (are) true? [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
b. ± nπ , n ∈{1, 2...}
 1 1
π a. Range of f is  − , 
c. + 2 nπ, n ∈{..., −2, −1, 0,1, 2...}  2 2
2
 1 1
d. 2 nπ, n ∈{..., −2, −1, 0,1, 2...} b. Range of f o g is  − , 
 2 2
6. The function f: [0, 3] → [1, 29], defined by f ( x) π
c. lim =
f ( x) = 2 x − 15 x + 36 x + 1, is
3 2
[JEE 2012 P-I] x→0 g ( x) 6
a. one-one and onto. b. onto but not one-one. d. There is an x ∈ R such that ( g  f )( x) = 1
c. one-one but not onto. d. neither one-one nor onto.
13. If f ( x) + 2 f   = 3 x, x ≠ 0, and S = {x ∈ R : f ( x) = f (− x )} ;
1
7. Let A and B be two sets containing 2 elements and 4  2
elements respectively. The number of subsets of A × B
then S: [JEE Main 2016]
having 3 or more elements is [JEE Main 2013]
a. is an empty set
a. 256 b. 220
c. 219 d. 211 b. contains exactly one element
c. contains exactly two elements
8. If a ∈ R and the equation − 3( x − [ x ]2 + 2( x − [ x ]) + a 2 = 0
d. contains more than two elements
(where [x] denotes the greatest integer ≤ x) has no
integral solution, then all possible values of a lie in the 14. Let a, b ∈ R and f : R → R bedefined by
interval: [JEE Main 2014] f ( x) = a cos (| x3 − x |) + b | x | sin (| x3 + x |). Then f is
a. (−1,0) ∪ (0,1) b. (1, 2)
[JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
c. (–2, –1) d. (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, ∞) a. differentiable at x = 0 if a = 0 and b = 1
9. If X = {4 n − 3n − 1 : n ∈ N } and Y = {9(n − 1) : n ∈ N }, b. differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 0
where N is the set of natural numbers, then X ∪ Y is equal c. not differentiable at x = 0 if a = 1 and b = 0
to: [JEE Main 2014] d. not differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 1
a. N b. Y – X
c. X d. Y 15. Let a,b,c∈R. If f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c is such that
 π π a + b + c = 3 and f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ) + xy , ∀ x , y ∈ R
10. Let f :  − ,  → R be given by
 2 2 10

f ( x) = (log(sec x + tan x))3 . Then [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I] then ∑ f (n) is equal to [JEE Main 2017]
n =1
a. f ( x ) is an odd function a. 190 b. 255
b. f ( x ) is a one-one function c. 330 d. 165

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Set Relations and Functions 7
16. If S is the set of distinct values of 'b' for which the 21. Two sets A and B are as under: [JEE Main 2018]
following system of linear equations x + y + z = 1 A = {(a, b) ∈ R × R :| a − 5 |< 1and| b − 5 |< 1}
x + ay + z = 1 ax + by + z = 0 has no solution, then S is B = {( a , b ) ∈ R × R : 4( a − 6) 2 + 9(b − 5) 2 ≤ 36},
[JEE Main 2017] Then
a. a finite set containing two or more elements a. Neither A ⊂ B nor B ⊂ A
b. a singleton b. B ⊂ A
c. an empty set c. A ⊂ B
d. an infinite set d. A ∩ B = φ (an empty set)

 1 1 x
17. The function f : R →  − ,  defined as f ( x) = is 22. Let S = {x ∈ R : x ≥ 0 and 2 x − 3 + x ( x − 6) + 6 = 0}
 2 2 1 + x2
Then S: [JEE Main 2018]
[JEE Main 2017]
a.surjective but not injective a. Contains exactly four elements
b. neither injective nor surjective b. Is an empty set
c. invertible c. Contains exactly one element
d. injective but not surjective d. Contains exactly two elements

2 − x cos x
18 Let S = {1, 2, 3, ..., 9} . For k = 1, 2, ..., 5, let N k be the 23. If f ( x) = and g ( x) = log e x,( x > 0) then value
2 + x cos x
number of subsets of S, each containing five elements out π /4

of which exactly k are odd. Then N1 + N2 + N3 + of integral ∫

−π / 4
g ( f ( x )) dx is: [JEE Main 2019]
N 4 + N5 = [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II]
a. log e 3 b. loge 2
a. 125 b. 210
c. 252 d. 126 c. log e e d. log e 1

cos ( 2 x ) cos ( 2 x ) sin ( 2 x ) 24. Let ƒ(x) = ax (a> 0) be written as ƒ(x) = ƒ1(x) + ƒ2(x),
19. If f ( x ) = − cos x cos x − sin x , then where ƒ1(x) is an even function of ƒ2(x) is an odd function.
Then ƒ1(x + y) + ƒ1(x – y) equals [JEE Main 2019]
sin x sin x cos x
a. 2ƒ1(x)ƒ1(y) b. 2ƒ1(x)ƒ2(y)
[JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] c. 2ƒ1(x + y)ƒ2(x – y) d. 2f1(x + y)ƒ1(x – y)
a. f ( x ) attains its maximum at x = 0
25. For x ∈ R – {0, 1}, let f1 ( x ) = 1 , f 2 ( x ) = 1 − x and
b. f ( x ) attains its minimum when x = 0 x
1
c. f ' ( x ) = 0 at more than three points in ( −π, π ) f3 ( x) = be three given functions. If a function J(x)
1− x
d. f ' ( x ) = 0 at exactly three points in ( −π, π ) satisfies ( f 2 º J º f1 )( x ) = f 3 ( x ) then J(x) is equal to:
20. Let f : [0, ∞ ] → ℝ be a continuous function such that [JEE Main 2019]
x a. f 3 ( x ) b. f1 ( x )
f ( x ) = 1 − 2 x + ∫ e x −1 f (t ) dt
0
c. f 2 ( x ) d. 1 f 3 ( x )
For all x ∈ [0, ∞ ). Then, which of the following x
statement(s) is (are) True? [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
a. The curve y = f ( x ) passes through the point (1, 2) 26. Let A = {xεR:x is not a positive integer}

b. The curve y = f ( x ) passes through the point (2, –1) 2x

Define a function f : A→R as f (x) f ( x) = then f is
c. The area of the region x −1

{( x, y) ∈[0,1] × ℝ : f ( x) ≤ y ≤ } π −2 [JEE Main 2019]

1 − x 2 is
4 a. injective but not subjective
d. The area of the region b. not injective

{( x, y) ∈[0,1] × ℝ : f ( x) ≤ y ≤ }
1 − x 2 is
π −1
4
c. subjective but not injective
d. neither injective nor subjective

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8 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
27. In a class of 140 students numbered 1 to 140, all even 33. Let Z be the set of integers. If A = {x ∈ Z : 2( x + 2)
numbered students opted mathematics course, those
( x 2 − 5 x + 6)} = 1 and B = {x ∈ Z : −3 < 2 x − 1 < 9}, then
whose number is divisible by 3 opted Physics course and
those whose number is divisible by 5 opted Chemistry the number of subsets of the set A×B. [JEE Main 2019]
18 10
course. Then the number of students who did not opt for a. 2 b. 2
any of the three courses is: [JEE Main 2019] c. 215 d. 212
a. 102 b. 42 34. In a class of 60 students, 40 opted for NCC, 30 opted for
c. 1 d. 38 NSS and 20 opted for both NCC and NSS. If one of these
28. Let N be the set of natural numbers and two functions f students is selected at random, then the probability that the
and g be defined as f, g: N→N [JEE Main 2019] student selected has opted neither for NCC nor for NSS is:
 n +1 [JEE Main 2019]
if n is odd
 2 a. 2/3 b. 1/6 c. 1/3 d. 5/6
such that: f ( n) = 
 n 35. Let f : R → R be a function we say that f has
 if n is even
2
and g(n) = n–(–1)n. The f o g is: f (h) − f (0)
Property 1 if lim exist and is finite,
h →0
a. Both one-one and onto b. One-one but not onto |h|
c. Neither one-one nor onto d. onto but not one-one f ( h) − f (0)
Property 2 if lim exist and is finite. Then
x h→0 h2
29. Let f :R→R be defined by f ( x ) = , x∈R. Then the
1 + x2 which of the following options is/are correct?
range of f is [JEE Main 2019] [JEE Adv. 2019 P-II]
 1 1 a. f ( x) = x | x | has property 2
a. (–1, 1) –{0} b.  − , 
 2 2 b. f ( x ) = x 2 / 3 has property 1
 1 1 c. f ( x ) = sin x has property 2
c. R −  − ,  d. R − [ − 1,1]
 2 2 d. f ( x) =| x | has property 1
30. Let a function f: (0, ∞) → (0, ∞) be defined by 36. Let f : R → R be given by f ( x) = ( x − 1)( x − 2)( x − 5).
1
f ( x) = 1 − . Then f is: [JEE Main 2019] x
x
a. Injective only
Define F ( x) = ∫ f (t)dt, x > 0. Then which of the following
0
b. It is surjective options is/are correct? [JEE Adv. 2019 P-II]
c. Both injective as well as surjective a. F ( x ) ≠ 0, ∀x ∈ (0,5)
d. Neither injective nor surjective b. F(x) has two local maxima and one local minima in
31. Let S be the set of all points in (–π, π) at which the (0, ∞)
function, f(x) = min {sin x, cos x} is not differentiable. c. F ( x ) has a local maxima at x = 2
Then S is a subset of which of the following?
d. F ( x ) has a local minima at x = 1
[JEE Main 2019]
 3π π 3π π   3π π π 3π  Matrix Match / Column Match
a. − , − , ,  b. − , − , , 
 4 4 4 4  4 2 2 4  37. Match the statements given in Column I with the
 π π π π  π π interval/union of intervals given in Column II
c.  − , − , ,  d. − ,0,  [JEE 2011 P-II]
 2 4 4 2  4 4
Column I Column II
32. Let S = {1,2,3, ...., 100}. The number of non-empty
  2iz   1. (−∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
subsets A of S such that the product of elements in A is (A) The set Re  2 
: z is
even is: [JEE Main 2019]   1 − z 
a complex number,
a. 250 (250 − 1) b. 2 100 − 1
| z |= 1, z ≠ ±1 is
c. 2 50 − 1 d. 2 50 + 1
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Set Relations and Functions 9
(B) The domain of the 2. (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) then possible value(s)
function f ( x ) = sin −1 of n is (are)
(D) Let the harmonic mean 4. 4
 8(3) x − 2  of two positive real
 1 − 3 2( x −1)  is
numbers a and b be 4.
(C) If 3. [2, ∞) If q is a positive real
1 tan θ 1 number such that a, 5,
f (θ) = − tanθ 1 tanθ , q, b is an arithmetic
−1 − tanθ 1 progression, then the

then the set value(s) of | q − a | is

 π (are)
 f (θ) : 0 ≤ θ <  is
 2 5. 5
(D) If f ( x ) = x 3/ 2 (3 x − 10), 4. a. A → 3, 4, 5; B → 1, 5; C → 2, 3, 4, 5; D → 1, 2, 3, 5

x ≥ 0, then f (x) is (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞) b. A → 3, 5; B → 1, 4; C → 1, 2, 3, 5; D → 1, 2, 3, 5

increasing in c. A → 1, 2; B → 1, 2; C → 1,2,4, 5; D → 2, 5
5. (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞) d. A → 1, 2, 3, 5; B → 2, 4; C → 1, 2, 3, 4; D → 1, 3, 5

a. A→4; B→2, 4; C→4; D→2

b. A→4; B→5; C→3; D→3 Paragraph
c. A→2; B→1, 4; C→3; D→4 Paragraph for Questions 39 to 41
d. A→1; B→2; C→5; D→4 Consider the polynomial f ( x) = 1 + 2 x + 3x 2 + 4 x 3 .
38. Match the Column [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I] Let s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f(x) and let t = |s|.
Column I Column II [JEE 2010 P-II]
(A) In 2
R , if the 1. 1
39. The real number s lies in the interval
magnitude of the
 1   3
projection vector of a.  − ,0  b.  −11, − 
 4   4
the vector αiˆ + β ˆj on
 3 1  1
c.  − , −  d.  0, 
3iˆ + ˆj is 3 and if  4 2  4
α | = 2 + 3β, then 40. The area bounded by the curve y = f (x) and the lines x =
possible value(s) of 0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval
| α | is (are) 3   21 11 
a.  ,3  b.  , 
(B) Let a and b be real 2. 2 4   64 16 
numbers such that the
function  21 
c. (9,10) d.  0, 

{ −3ax2 −2, x <1  64 

f (x) =
bx + a2, x ≥1 41. The 3 function f’ (x) is
is differentiable for all
x ∈ R. Then possible  1  1 
a. increasing in  −t , −  and decreasing in  − , t 
value(s) of a is (are)  4  4 
(C)Let ω ≠ 1 be a 3.3
complex cube root of  1  1 
b. decreasing in  −t , −  and increasing in  − , t 
unity. If  4  4 
(3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3
c. increasing in (–t, t)
+ (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3
d. decreasing in (–t, t)
+ ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0,

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10 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Paragraph for Questions 42 to 43 48. Let f : ℝ → ℝ be a differentiable function withf(0) = 1
Let the f ( x ) = sin(π cos x) and g ( x) = cos(2π sin x) be two and satisfying the equation f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) f '( y )
functions defined for x > 0. Define the following sets whose + f '( x ) f ( y ) for all x , y ∈ ℝ. Then, the value of
elements are written in increasing order.
log e ( f (4)) is ______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
X = {x : f ( x) = 0}, Y = {x : f '( x) = 0}
X = {x : g ( x) = 0},W = {x : g '( x) = 0} 49. Let S be the set of matrices of order 3 x 3, such that all
elements of the matrix belong to {0,1}.Let E1=
Column-I Column -II
{ A ∈ S :| A |= 0}; where |A| denotes determinant of matrix
(A) X π 3π 
1. ⊇  , , 4π ,7π  A. E2 = { A ∈ S : Sum of elements of A = 7}. Find P(E1/E2)
2 2 
(B) Y 2. An arithmetic progression [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
(C) X 3. Not an arithmetic prog- 50. A set S is given by {1, 2,3, 4,5, 6}. | X | is a number of
ression elements in set X. Subsets A and B of set S are chosen
(D) W  π 7π 13π  such that each elements of S is equally likely and
4. ⊇  , , 
6 6 6  1 ≤| B |<| A | . Then the number of ordered pairs of (A, B)
 π 2π  are [JEE Adv. 2019 P-II]
5. ⊇  , ,π 
3 3 
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
 π 3π 
6. ⊇  , 
6 4  1. (c) required number of ordered pair
( p , q ) is (2 × 3 − 1)(2 × 5 − 1)(2 × 3 − 1) = 225
42. Which of the following is the only correct combination?
a. (D) – 1,3,4 b. (C) – 3,6 2. (c) f ′ = ± 1 − f 2
c. (C) – 1,2,6 d. (D) – 2, 5 ⇒ f ( x ) = sin x or f ( x) = − sin x (not possible)
43. Which is the only correct combination? ⇒ f ( x ) = sin x
a. (A) – 2,6 b. (B)–2,6
Also, x > sin x ∀ x > 0
c. (B) – 3,4 d. (A) – 1,2
3. (d) Total number of unordered pairs of disjoint subsets
Integer & Subjective 34 + 1
= = 41.
44. Find the range of values of t for which 2
1 − 2 x + 5x  π π
2
2sin t = , t ∈ − ,  . [JEE 2005] 4. (d) sin θ − cos θ = 2 cos θ
3x 2 − 2 x − 1  2 2
⇒ sin θ = ( 2 + 1) cos θ
45. The number of 5 digit numbers which are divisible by 4,
with digits from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and the repetition of 1
⇒ tan θ = = 2 +1
digits is allowed, is _______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I] 2 −1

46. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the ⇒ sin θ + cos θ = 2 sin θ
arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11,...., and Y be the set ⇒ ( 2 − 1)sin θ = cos θ
consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic
⇒ tan θ = 2 + 1
progression 9, 16, 23, ... . Then, the number of elements in
5. (a) ( f o g o g o f ) ( x ) = sin 2 (sin x 2 )
the set X ∪ Y is _______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
( g o g o f ) ( x ) = sin (sin x 2 )
47. Let Xbe a set with exactly 5 elements and Y be a set with
exactly 7 elements. If α is the number of one-one ∴ sin 2 (sin x 2 ) = sin (sin x 2 )
functions from X to Y andβ is the number of onto
⇒ sin(sin x 2 )[sin (sin x 2 ) − 1] = 0
1
functions from Y to X, then the value of ( β − α ) is ⇒
5! sin(sin x 2 ) = 0 or 1
______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II] ⇒ sin x 2 = nπ or 2mπ + π / 2, where m, n ∈ I

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Set Relations and Functions 11
⇒ sin x = 0
2
 π π
10. (a, b, c) f ( x) = (log(sec x + tan x))3 ∀ x ∈  − , 
⇒ x = nπ ⇒ x = ± nπ , n ∈{0,1, 2,...}.
2
 2 2
f ( − x) = − f ( x), hence f ( x) is odd function
6. (b) Given function is f : [0, 3] → [1, 29]
 π π
f ( x) = 2 x 3 − 15 x 2 + 36 x + 1 Let g ( x) = sec x + tan x ∀ x ∈  − , 
 2 2
f '( x) = 6 x 2 − 30 x + 36  π π
⇒ g ′( x) = sec x + (sec x + tan x) > 0 ∀ x ∈  − , 
f '( x ) = 6{x − 5 x + 6}
2
 2 2
f '( x ) will change the sign so it is increasing as well as ⇒ g ( x) is one-one function
decreasing. Hence (loge ( g ( x)))3 is one-one function.
Hence it is not one – one.
 π π
f (x) is increasing in (−∞, 2] ∪ [3, ∞) And g ( x) ∈ (0, ∝) ∀ x ∈  − , 
 2 2
and decreasing in (2, 3) ⇒ log( g ( x)) ∈ R. Hence f ( x) is an on to function.
f(x) at x = 0 is 1
f(x) at x = 2 is 29 11. (a) Set A has 4 elements, Set B has 2 elements
f(x) at x = 3 is 27 ∴ Number of elements in set ( A × B) = 4 × 2 = 8
7. (c) A = [ x, y ] ∴ Total number of subsets of ( A × B) = 28 = 256
B = {a, b, c, d} Number of subsets having 0 elements = 8C0 = 1
A × B Having 2 × 4 = 8 elements Number of subsets having 1 element each = 8C1 = 8
Total subsets of A × B is 2 = 256 8
∴ Number of subsets having 2 elements each
∴ Total no. of subsets of A × B having 3 or more elements 8! 8× 7
= 8C2 = = = 28
  2!6! 2
= 256 − 1 + 8 + C2 
 8
Number of subsets having at least 3 elements
 null set single ton set subset having 
 2 elements 
= 256 − 1 − 8 − 28 = 256 − 37 = 219
= 256 − 1 − 5 − 28 = 219
π
8. (a) −3( x − [ x ]) 2 + 2( x − [ x ]) + a 2 = 0 12. (a, b, c) Given g ( x) = sin x ∀ x ∈ R
2
− 3{ x}2 + 2{ x} + a 2 = 0 . . .(i) 1 
f ( x) = sin  g ( g ( x)) 
3 
−2 ± 4 + 12a 2 1 ± 1 + 3a 2
∴ {x} = =
−6 3  π π
Also, g ( g ( g ( x))) ∈  − ,  ∀ x ∈ R
 2 2
1 + 1 + 3a 2
As 0 ≤ {x} < 1 0 ≤ < 1 − 1 ≤ 1 + 3a 2 < 2  1 1
3 Hence, f ( x ) and f ( g ( x)) ∈  − , 
1 + 3a 2 < 4  2 2
1 
3( a 2 − 1) < 0 sin  g ( g ( x))  1 g ( g ( x))
f ( x)
= lim  3 ⋅3
a ∈ (−1,1) lim
x →0 g ( x) x →0 1 g ( x)
but it is = 0 then equation (i) has integral solution. So, g ( g ( x))
3
a≠0
π 
a ∈ (−1,0) ∪ (0,1) sin  sin x 
π =π
lim ⋅ 
2
⇒
9. (d) x = 4n − 3n − 1, n ∈ N x →0 6 π 6
sin x
x = (1 + 3) n − 3n − 1, n ∈ N 2

⇒ X = 0,9,54, ... y = 9( n − 1), n ∈ N  π 1 π  1 

Range of g ( f ( x)) ∈  − sin   , sin   
 2 2 2  2 
⇒ y = 0,9,18, ...
⇒ x ∪ y = y. ⇒ g ( f ( x )) ≠ 1.

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12 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1 x + y + z = 0
13. (c) f ( x) + 2 f   = 3x S : f ( x) = f (− x) 
x x + y + z = 0
1 ⇒ There is no solution.
∵ f ( x) + 2 f   = 3x . . .(i)
x ∴ b = {1} is a singleton set.
1  1 3  1 1
x→ f   + 2 f (x) = . . .(ii) 17. (a) f : R →  − ,  , f ( x) =
x
∀ x∈R
x  x x  2 2 1 + x2
6 2
(1) − 2 × (2) −3 f ( x) = 3 x − f ( x) = − x (1 + x 2 ) ⋅1 − x ⋅ 2 x −( x + 1)( x − 1)
x x ⇒ f ′( x) = =
(1 + x 2 ) 2 (1 + x 2 ) 2
Now f ( x) = f (− x) singof f′(x)
x = –1 x=1
2 2 4
∴ − x = + x = 2x y (1, 1/2)
x x x
2
=x ⇒ x=± 2 O x
x (0, 0) x= 1
Exactly two elements
(1, –1/2)
14. (a,b) at x = 0, x = 0 is repeated root of
∴ From above diagram of f(x), f(x) is surjective but not
g ( x ) =| x | sin | x 3 + x |
injective.
hence f ( x ) is differentiable & at x = 1
18. (d) N1 + N 2 + N 3 + N 4 + N 5
⇒ a cos | x 3 − x |= a cos( x 3 − x) as cos(−θ ) = cos(θ )
= 5C1 ⋅ 4C4 ⋅ +5 C2 ⋅ 4 C3 + 5C3 ⋅ 4C2 + 5C4 ⋅ 4C1 + 5C5
∴ f ( x ) is differentiable
= 5 + 40 + 60 + 20 + 1 = 126.
2
15. (c) f ( x) = ax + bx + c f (1) = a + b + c = 3 19. (a, c) f ( x ) = cos 2 x (1) − cos 2 x ( − cos 2 x ) + sin 2 x ( − sin 2 x )
Now f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) + xy = cos 2 x + cos 2 2 x − sin 2 2 x
Put y = 1 f ( x + 1) = f ( x) + f (1) + x = 2 cos 2 2 x + cos 2 x − 1
f ( x + 1) = f ( x) + x + 3  1
2

= 2  cos 2 x +  − 1 is maximum has x = 0.

Now f (2) = 7 , f (3) = 12  2
Now Sn = 3 + 7 + 12 + .....tn . . .(i) x
20. (b, c)∵ f ( x ) = 1 − 2 x + e x ∫ e −1 f (t ) dt . . . (i)
Sn = 3 + 7 + .....tn−1 + tn . . .(ii) 0

On differentiating both sides and using eq. (1)

On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get tn = 3 + 4 + 5 + .....
f ( x) = 2 f ( x) + 2 x − 3
upton terms
dy
(n2 + 5n) ∴ − 2 y = 2x − 3
⇒ tn = dx
2 Using linear differential equation concept.
( n 2 + 5n) y = − x + 1 + c. e−2 x
⇒ Sn = Σtn = ∑ . . . (ii)
2
when x = 0, y = 1 ⇒ c = 0
1  n(n + 1) (2n + 1) 5n(n + 1) 
⇒ Sn =  +  ∴ x + y =1 . . . (iii)
2 6 2 
⇒ S10 = 330 It passes through (2, –1)
Now 1 − x ≤ y ≤ 1 − x 2
1 1 1
(0,1)
16. (b) D = 1 a 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 1
y = 1 − x2
a b 1 (1,0)
and at a = 1 ⇒ D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 But at a = 1 and b = 1
First two equations are and third equation is 1– x= y

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Set Relations and Functions 13
21. (c) As, a − 5 < 1 and b − 5 < 1 25. (a) Given f1 ( x ) = 1 , f 2 ( x ) = 1 − x and f 3 ( x ) = 1
x 1− x
( a − 6) 2 (b − 5) 2
⇒ 4 < a, b < 6 and + ≤1 ( f 2 º J º f1 )( x ) = f 3 ( x ) f 2 º ( J ( f1 ( x ))) = f 3 ( x)
9 4
Taking axes as a-axis and b-axis   1  1 1 1
f2 º  J    = 1− J   =
a=6   x  1− x  x  1− x
( a − 6) 2 (b − 5)2
b (6,7)
+ ≤1 1 1 −x x
P Q
(6,6) ⇒ ε 9 4 J   = 1− = =
 
x 1 − x 1 − x x −1
(3,5) (6,5) (9,5)
b =5 1
(4,5) (6,4)
1
S R New x → 1 J ( x ) = x = = f3 ( x)
x 1
−1 1− x
(6,3)
x
(0,0) a
 1 
26. (a) f ( x) = 2  1 + 
 x −1 
The set A represents square PQRS inside set B 2
f ′( x) =
representing ellipse and hence A ⊂ B. ( x − 1)2
22. (d) 2 x − 3 + x ( x − 6) + 6 = 0 ⇒ ƒ is one-one but not onto

2 x − 3 + ( x − 3 + 3)( x − 3 − 3) + 6 = 0 27. (d) Let n(A) = number of students opted Mathematics = 70,
n(B) = number of students opted Physics = 46,
2 x − 3 + ( x − 3)2 − 3 = 0 n(C) = number of students opted Chemistry = 28,
n(A ∩ B) = 23,
( x − 3) 2 + 2 | x − 3 | −3 = 0
n(B ∩ C) = 9,
(| x − 3 | +3)(| x − 3 | −1) = 0 n(A ∩ C) = 14,
⇒ | x − 3 |= 1,| x − 3 | +3 ≠ 0 n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4,
Now n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
⇒ x − 3 = ±1
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C)
⇒ x = 4, 2 x = 16, 4 – n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 70 + 46 + 28 – 23 – 9 – 14 + 4 = 102
 2 − x ⋅ cos x 
23. (d) g (( f )) = ℓn( f ( x)) = ℓn   So number of students not opted for any course
 2 + x ⋅ cos x 
π /4
= Total – n(A∪B∪C)= 140 – 102 = 38
 2 − x ⋅ cos x 
∴ I= ∫π ℓn   dx
 2 + x ⋅ cos x 
 n +1
n is odd
− /4  2
π /4 28. (d) f ( x) = 
  2 − x ⋅ cos x   2 + x ⋅ cos x    n
=
−
∫
π
/4
 ℓn 
  2 + x ⋅ cos x
 + ℓn 
 
  dx
2 − x ⋅ cos x    2
n is even
π /2
 n + 1; n is odd
= ∫ (0) dx = 0 = loge 1 g ( x) = n − (− n)n 
0  n – 1; n is odd

ax + a−x + ax − a−x  n
24. (a) f ( x ) = a x , a > 0 f ( x ) =  2
; n is even
2
f ( g( n)) = 
ax + a−x ax − a−x  n + 1 ; n is odd
⇒ f1 ( x ) = f 2 ( x) = 
2 2 2
a x+ y + a − x− y a x− y + a − x+ y ∴ many one but onto
⇒ f1 ( x + y ) + f 2 ( x − y ) = +
2 2 29. (b) f (0) = 0 and f (x) is odd. Further, if x> 0 then
(a x + a − x ) y
= (a + a − y ) 1  1  1 1
2 f ( x) = ∈  0,  Hence f ( x) =∈  − , 
1  2  2 2
= f1 ( x ) × 2 f1 ( y ) = 2 f1 ( x) f1 ( y ) x+
x

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14 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 1 | h | −0
1− 0 < x ≤1 (d) lim =0
1 | x − 1|  x h →0 |h|
30. (b) f ( x) = 1 − = =
x x  x −1 x ≥1 36. f ( x) = ( x − 1)( x − 2)( x − 5)
 x
x

∫ f (t )dt
y
F ( x) =
0
f(x)
1 ∴ F '( x ) = f ( x ) = ( x − 1)( x − 2)( x − 5)
x

⇒ ƒ(x) is not injective – + – +

but range of function is [0, ∞) 1 2 5
Remark: If co-domain is [0, ∞), then ƒ(x) will be
surjective ⇒ F ( x ) has two local minima points at x = 1 and x = 5
3π
−
31. (c) 4 f ( x) has one local maxima point at x = 2

2i(x + iy) 2i(x + iy)

π 37. (a) (A) z = =
4
1 − (x + iy) 2
1 − (x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy)
2ix − 2y 1
32. (a) S = {1,2,3------100} Using 1 − x 2 = y 2 Z = =− .
2y − 2ixy
2
y
= Total non empty subsets-subsets with product of
element is odd 1 1
∵ −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ −1or − ≥ 1.
= 2100 – 1 – 1[(250–1)] y y
= 2100 – 250= 250(250 – 1) 8.3x − 2
(B) Fordomain −1 ≤ ≤1
2 1 − 32(x −1)
33. (c) A = {x ∈ Z : 2( x + 2)( x − 5 x + 6)
= 1}
3x − 3x − 2
2
2( x + 2)( x −5 x + 6) = 20 ⇒x = –2, 2, 3 ⇒ −1 ≤ ≤ 1.
1 − 32x − 2
A = {–2, 2, 3}
3x − 3x −2
B = {x ∈Z : –3 < 2x – 1 < 9} Case (i): −1 ≤ 0
1 − 32x −2
B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
A × B has is 15 elements so number of subsets of A × B is 215 (3x − 1)(3x − 2 − 1)
⇒ ≥0
(32x − 2 − 1)
A B ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ (1, ∞).
34. (b) 20 20 10 3x − 3x − 2
Case (ii): +1 ≥ 0
1 − 32x − 2

A→ opted NCCB→opted NSS

(3x − 2 − 1)(3x + 1)
⇒ ≥ 0 ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 1) ∪ [2, ∞).
(3x.3x − 2 − 1)
10 1
∴ P (neither A nor B) = =z
60 6 So, x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞).
35. (b,d) (C) R 1 → R 1 + R 3
(a) f ( x) = x | x | 0 0 2
f ( h ) − f (0) h | h | −0 f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ
⇒ lim 2
= lim does not exist
h →0 h h → 0 h2 −1 − tan θ 1
h2 / 3 − 0
(b) lim =0 = 2(tan θ + 1) = 2sec θ .
2 2
h →0
|h|
3 1/ 2 15
sin h − 0 (D) f ′( x) = ( x) (3 x − 10) + ( x )3/ 2 × 3 = ( x)1/ 2 ( x − 2)
(c) lim does not exist 2 2
h→0 h2
Increasing, when x ≥ 2.

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Set Relations and Functions 15

3α + β 41. (b) f ''( x) = 2[12 x + 3] = 0 ⇒ x = −1/ 4.

38. (a) (A) = 3 3α + β = ± 2 3 . . .(i)
2
42. (a)
Given α = 2 + 3β . . .(ii) 43. (d) f ( x) = 0 ⇒ sin(π cos x) = 0
From equation (i) and (ii), we get α = 2 or − 1 ⇒ π cos x = nπ ⇒ cos x = n
So |α| = 1 or 2 ⇒ cos x = −1, 0,1
−3ax 2 − 2, x < 1 π π
(B) f ( x) =  ⇒ X = {nπ , (2 n + 1) } = {n , n ∈ I }
2 2
 bx + a , x ≥ 1
2

f '( x) = 0 ⇒ cos(π cos x )(−π sin x) = 0

For continuity −3a − 2 = b + a 2
π
a 2 + 3a + 2 = −b . . .(i) ⇒ π cos x = (2n + 1) or x = nπ
2
For differentiability −6a = b 1
⇒ cos x = n + or x = nπ
6a = −b a 2 − 3a + 2 = 0 a = 1, 2 2
(C) (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 )4n +3 + (2 − 3ω + 3ω 2 )4n +3 + (−3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 )4 n +3 1
⇒ cos x = ± or x = nπ
2 4 n+3
(3 − 3ω + 2ω ) + (ω (2ω + 3 − 3ω ))
2 2 4 n+3
+ (ω (−3ω + 2ω + 3 )
2 2 2 4 n+3
=0 2

(3 − 3ω + 2ω ) 2 4n +3
+ (1 + ω + ω ) = 0  π 2π 
Y = 2nπ ± , 2nπ ± , nπ , n ∈ I 
4n 8n
⇒ ⇒
 3 3 
⇒ n ≠ 3k , k ∈ N
π
(D) Let a = 5 − d g ( x) = 0 ⇒ cos(2π sin x) = 0 ⇒ 2π sin x = (2 n + 1)
2
q = 5+d 2n + 1 1 3
⇒ sin x = = ± ,±
b = 5 + 2d 4 4 4
| q − a | = | 2d |  1 3 
⇒ Z = nπ ± sin −1 , nπ ± sin −1 , n ∈ I 
2ab  4 4 
Given =4
a+b g '( x ) = 0 ⇒ − sin(2π sin x)(2π cos x) = 0
ab π
=2 ⇒ 2π sin x = nπ or x = (2 n + 1)
a+b 2
(5 − d )(5 + 2 d ) = 2(5 − d + 5 + 2 d ) = 2(10 + d ) n 1 π
⇒ sin x = = 0, ± , ±1 or x = (2 n + 1)
2 2 2
25 + 10d − 5d − 2d 2 = 20 + 2d
 π π 
2d 2 − 3d − 5 = 0 ⇒ W = nπ ,(2n + 1) , nπ ± , n ∈ I  0
 2 6 
5
d = −1, d = 44. Let y = 2sin t
2
1 − 2 x + 5x 2
| 2d | = 2,5 So, y=
3x2 − 2x − 1
 1  3  3 1 ⇒ (3 y − 5) x 2 − 2 x ( y − 1) − ( y + 1) = 0
39. (c) Since, f  −  ⋅ f  −  < 0 ⇒ S lie in  − , − .
 2  4  4 2 Since x ∈ R − 1, − 1  ,
 3
3 1 1 3
40. (a) − < s < − <t< So, D ≥ 0 ⇒ y − y − 1 ≥ 0
2

4 2 2 4
1/ 2 3/ 4 1+ 5 1− 5
Or, y≥ and y ≤
∫ (4 x + 3x + 2 x + 1)dx < area < ∫ (4 x3 + 3x 2 + 2 x + 1)dx
3 2
2 2
0 0
1+ 5
Or, sin t ≥ and
[ x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x]1/0 2 < area < [ x 4 + x3 + x 2 + x ]3/0 4 4
1 1 1 1 81 27 9 3 1− 5
+ + + < area < + + + sin t ≤
16 8 4 2 256 64 16 4 4

Hence range of t is  − π , − π  ∪  3π , π 
15 525
< area < .
16 256  2 10   10 2 

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16 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
45. (625)Last two digits can be 12, 24, 32, 44 and 52 x
⇒ ln( f ( x )) =
Hence, number of 5 digit numbers 2
= 5 × 53 = 625 4
∴ ln( f (4)) = =2
46. (3748)X = {1, 6, 11 ..... 10086} 2
Y = {9, 16, 23 ..... 14128} 49. (0.50)
First common term is 16 with common difference 35
E2 : Sum of elements of A = 7 ⇒ These are 7 ones and
tn = 16 + ( n − 1)35 = 35 n − 19 ≤ 10086
2 zeros Number of such matrices = 9C2 = 36.
⇒ n ≤ 288.71
Hence number of common terms is 288 Out of all such matrices; E1 will be those when both zeros
lie in the same row or in the same column.
n ( X ∪ Y ) = n( X ) + n (Y ) − n ( X ∩ Y )
 1 1 1
= 2018 + 2018 − 288 = 3748  
eg .  0 1 1
47. (119) α = Number of one-one functions from X to Y  0 1 1
 
β = Number of onto functions from Y to X
n( E1 ∩ E2 ) = 2 x 3
C2 x 3
C2 = 18
= make 5 groups out of 7 elements of Y and permutate ↑ ↑
these groups to 5 elements of X
n( E1 ∩ E2 ) 18 1
7 7 So n( E1/ E 2) = = =
= × 5+ ×5 n( E2 ) 36 2
3.( 1)4 . 4 ( 2) 2 ( 1)3 2. 3
50. (1523)
1 7 7 7 Number of ordered pair (A, B)
⇒ (β − α ) = + −
5 3. 4 ( 2)3 3 5. 2 6
C1 ( 6C2 + 6C3 + ..... + 6C6 ) + 6C2 + ( 6C3 + 6C4 + 6C5 + 6C6 )
= 7[5 + 15 − 3] = 119 + 6C3 ( 6C4 + 6C5 + 6C6 ) + 6C4 ( 6C5 + 6C6 ) 6C5 6C6
48. (2) f (0) = 1, f : R → R = ( 6C1 6C2 + 6C2 6C3 + ....... + 6C5 6C6 )
f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) f '( y ) + f '( x ) f ( y ) ∀ x, y ∈ R + ( 6C1 6C3 + 6C2 6C4 + 6C3 6C5 + 6C4 6C6 )
Put x = y = 0 ⇒ f (0) = 2 f (0) f '(0) ⇒ f '(0) = 1/ 2 +( 6C1 6C4 + 6C2 6C5 + 6C3 6C6 )
Put y = 0, f ( x ) = f ( x ) f '(0) + f '( x ) f (0) + ( 6C1 6C5 + 6C2 6C6 ) + ( 6C1 6C6 )
1 = ( 12C5 − 6C1 ) + ( 12C4 − 6C2 ) + ( 12C3 − 6C3 )
⇒ f ( x) = f ( x ) + f '( x )
2
+ ( 12C2 − 6C4 ) + ( 12C1 − 6C1 )
f '( x ) 1 x
⇒ = ⇒ ln( f ( x )) = +C
f ( x) 2 2 = ( 12C1 + ...... + 12C5 ) − ( 6C1 + ....... + 6C4 + 6C5 )

f (0) = 1 ⇒ C = 0 = 1585 − 62 = 1523



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Quadratic Equations and Expressions 17

Quadratic Equations and Expressions

2
QUICK LOOK Example: Solve x 3 + x 2 + x = 84.
Here the equation is x3 + x2 + x − 84 = 0
Identity: f ( x ) = φ ( x ) is an identity if f ( x) and φ ( x) have the
We have to factorize x + x + x − 84.
3 2

same value for every real value in R. An equation with arbitrary

Trying x = 1, −1, 2, −2, etc., we get,
coefficients may be an identity under certain conditions.
when x = 4, x 3 + x 2 + x − 84 = 43 + 42 + 4 − 84 = 0

ax2 + bx + c = 0 will be an identity (or can have more than
( x − 4) is a factor of x + x + x − 84.
3 2
two solutions) if coefficient of each power of x is separately ∴

zero, i.e., a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0. Dividing x3 + x2 + x − 84 by x − 4. We get x2 + 5x + 21.

ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 will be an identity if a = 0, b = 0, ∴ x3 + x2 + x − 84 = 0
c = 0, d = 0. ⇒ ( x − 4)( x 2 + 5 x + 21) = 0
Polynomial equations and their solutions: If f ( x) is a ∴ x−4 =0 or x 2 + 5 x + 21 = 0
function of x then f ( x ) = 0 is an equation in one unknown (or −5 ± 25 − 84
∴ x=4 or x=
variable) and zeros of f ( x) or roots of f ( x ) = 0 are the values 2

of x which make f ( x) equal to 0. Exponential equations and their solutions: If the equation

If f ( x) is a polynomial of the first degree in x then the involves terms or factors of the type a f ( x ) or {φ ( x) f ( x ) , it will
equation f ( x) = 0 is of the first degree in one unknown. be an exponential equation.

If the exponential equation is such that it can be put in the
ax + b = 0 is an equation of the first degree in x. Its solution
form a f ( x ) = aψ ( x), a ≠ 1 a ≠ 1 then f ( x) = ψ ( x) will give
(or root) is found like this: ax = − b;
the solution.
−b
∴ x = . A first degree equation has only one solution. 2
Example: Solve (2 2) x = 83 x.
a
2

If f ( x) is a polynomial of the second degree in x then the Here (2 2) x = {(2 2)2 }3 x
equation f ( x ) = 0 is of the second degree (or quadratic 2
or (2 2) x = (2 2)6 x
equation) in one unknown.
∴ x2 = 6 x or x( x − 6) = 0;
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is an equation of the second degree in x
∴ x = 0, 6.
where a ≠ 0.

If the exponential equation cannot be put in the above form,
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
The roots of ax + bx + c = 0 are x =
2
. select an exponential as y so that the equation changes into a
2a polynomial equation in y.
The roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 can also be found by
In the exponential a x , a is greater than 0. So, no negative
factorizing ax + bx + c and equating each factor to 0
2
value of a x is possible.
separately.
Logarithmic equations and their solutions: If the equation
A second degree equation has two solutions (different or equal).
involves logarithm of some function of the unknown then it

If f ( x) is a polynomial of the degree three (or more) then
will be a logarithmic equation.
the equation f ( x ) = 0 is cubic (or of higher degree) in one
If the logarithmic equation is such that it can be put in the
unknown. form log a f ( x) = log a φ ( x ) then f ( x) = φ ( x) will give the
Such equations can be solved if f ( x) can be factorized in solution. Only those values of x from f ( x) = φ ( x) will give
linear or quadratic factors.
admissible solutions which make both f ( x) and g ( x )
An equation of the nth degree has n solutions (different or equal).
greater than 0.
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18 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

If the logarithmic equation cannot be put in the above form, values of x for which the inequality is true. The set can be
select a logarithm as y so that the equation changes into a obtained conveniently by sign-scheme.
polynomial equation in y.

If the bases of the logarithms are also functions of x, the (iii) The sign-scheme for ax 2 + bx + c, x ∈ R
admissible solutions must make the values of the bases It is as follows: Let the roots of the corresponding equation
greater than 0 but not equal to 1. ax2 + bx + c = 0 be α , β .
Equations Involving Modulus, Greatest Integer Function,
If α , β are real and unequal (α < β ) then
etc., and Their Solutions sign in the same sign in opposite sign is the same
as that of a α to that of a as that of a

f ( x) =| x − a | is a piecewisely defined function whose β
(+ ) (− ) (+ )
definition is ∴ if a > 0, ]
f ( x) = x − a, x ≥ a α β
(− ) (+ ) (− )
−( x − a), x < a if a < 0.
α β

f ( x) = [ x] is a piecewisely defined function whose

If α, β are real and equal then
definition is
If a > 0, (+ ) (+ )
f ( x) = n, n ≤ x < n + 1 where n is an integer.
α =β

f ( x ) = [ x + n] = [ x] + n, where n is an integer. (− )
If a < 0, (− )

If the definition of the function is not uniform over R, the α =β
set R of real numbers should be divided into subsets
If α , β are imaginary (non-real complex) then
according to the definitions of the function and the equation
sign is the same as that of a throughout
in the corresponding interval is to be solved. A solution will
be admissible if it lies in the interval of definition of that ∴ if a > 0, the expression is always positive
equation. if a < 0, the expression is always negative.

Inequations and Their Solutions Note

(i) Laws of inequality are as follows: (1) | x |< a, (a > 0) holds when − a < x < a

a+b > a+c ⇒ b>c (2) | x |> a, (a > 0) holds when x > a or x < −a
and a > b ⇒ a + c > b + c.
(3) x2 > a2 holds when x > a or x < − a

a>b ⇒ ca > bc if c > 0 ca < bc if c > 0
(4) x2 < a 2 holds when − a < x < a.

ab > ac ⇒ b > c if a > 0 b < c if a < 0

a > b and c > d ⇒ a + c > b + d. (iv) Positive definiteness and negative definiteness of a

a > 0, b > 0 ⇒ a + b > 0 and ab > 0 quadratic polynomial
a < 0, b < 0 ⇒ a + b < 0 and ab > 0
ax2 + bx + c > 0 holds for all x ∈ R, i.e. ax2 + bx + c is
a > 0, b < 0 ⇒ ab < 0 positive definite, if D < 0 and a > 0 where D = b2 − 4ac.

ax > ay ⇒ x > y if a > 1 x < y if 0 < a < 1
ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0 holds for all x ∈ R, i.e., ax 2 + bx + c is non-
negative, if D ≤ 0 and a > 0.
(ii) f ( x) > 0, f ( x) < 0, f ( x) ≥ 0, f ( x ) ≤ 0 are all inequations
in one variable if they hold for all x ∈ A ⊂ R. But if they hold
ax2 + bx + c < 0 holds for all x ∈ R, i.e., ax2 + bx + c is
for all x ∈ R then they are inequalities. negative definite, if D < 0 and a < 0.

ax + b > 0 is a linear inequation. For this inequation,
−b −b (v) The sign-scheme for ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d , x ∈ R
ax > −b, we have x > if a > 0 or x < if a < 0. The
a a It is as follows:
solution set is an infinite set Let the roots of the corresponding equation

ax2 + bx + c > 0 (or < 0 or ≥ 0 or ≤ 0) is a quadratic ax + bx + cx + d = 0 be α , β , γ .
3 2

inequation. The solution of the inequation is the set of real
If α , β , γ are real and unequal (α < β < γ ) then

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Quadratic Equations and Expressions 19
(+ ) (− ) (+ ) (− ) D is not a perfect square (but positive) ⇔ roots are
α β γ conjugate irrational (a, b, c being rational)
Where a value between β and γ makes the expression
positive; Note
(1) If any of the coefficients a, b, c is normal complex and
(− ) α (+ ) β (− ) γ (+ )
p + iq is a complex root of ax2 + bx + c = 0 then the other root
Where a value between β and γ makes the expression
need not be p − iq.
negative.
(2) If any of the coefficients a, b, c is irrational and p + q be
Note
an irrational root of ax2 + bx + c = 0 then the other root need

The sign-scheme for fourth or higher degree polynomials is
also prepared as above by detecting the sign of the value of not be p − q .
the polynomial for x belonging to an interval determining (3) The above notes (1), (2) hold for equation of higher degrees also.
by two consecutive roots and then setting alternate signs in
If a + b + c = 0 then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has the
the other intervals. root x = 1.

If two roots of f ( x ) = 0 for the inequation f ( x) > 0 be real −b c

α +β = , αβ =
and equal to α then ( x − α ) is a factor of f ( x), which is
2
a a
positive for all real x except x = α where f ( x) is zero.
Sign of real roots
(a) When D ≥ 0,
f ( x)
∴ The solution of f ( x) > 0 will be the same as > 0. both roots are positive if
( x − α )2
−b c α β
So the omission of the factor ( x − α ) 2 from f ( x) will not α +β = > 0, αβ = > 0
a a O
affect the solution of the inequation. both roots are negative if

If two roots of f ( x ) = 0 for the inequation be complex −b c
α +β = < 0, αβ = > 0
conjugate α ± iβ then ( x − α ) + β is a positive factor of
2 2
a a β α O
(b) When D > 0, one root is positive and one root is negative if
f ( x). So the omission of the factor ( x − α ) 2 + β 2 from
c
f ( x) will not affect the solution of the inequaiton. αβ = <0 α β
a O

The solution of an inequation f ( x ) > 0 or < 0 or ≥ 0 or ≤ 0
is directly dependent on the solution of the corresponding
Location of real roots
α β
(a) When D ≥ 0,
equation f ( x) = 0.
both roots are greater than k k
Quadratic equation and its roots: If ax 2 + bx + c = 0, ( a ≠ 0) ⇒ α − k > 0, β − k > 0
be a quadratic equation whose only two roots are α , β then ⇒ (α − k ) + ( β − k ) > 0, (α − k )( β − k ) > 0
−b ± b − 4ac
2
⇒ α + β − 2k > 0, αβ − k (α + β ) + k 2 > 0

Roots α , β = ,
2a both roots are less than k
where b − 4ac is the discriminant D.
2
⇒ α − k < 0, β − k < 0 β α k

The nature of the roots will be as follows :
⇒ (α − k ) + ( β − k ) < 0, (α − k )( β − k ) > 0
D > 0 ⇔ roots are equal and unequal (a, b, c being real)
D = 0 ⇔ roots are real and equal (a, b, c being real) both roots lie between k and l ( k < l )
D < 0 ⇔ roots are non real conjugate complex (a, b, c ⇒ α − k > 0, β − k > 0, α − l < 0, β − l < 0
being real)
⇒ α − k + β − k > 0, α − l + β − l < 0
D is a perfect square
(α − k )( β − k ) > 0, (α − l )( β − l ) > 0
⇔ roots are rational (a, b, c being real)
α β
D is a perfect square
⇔ roots are rational (a, b, c being rational) k l

@iitjeehelps
20 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(b) When D > 0, 4. Let α and β be the roots of x 2 − 6 x − 2 = 0, with α > β . If
(i) one root is less than k and the other greater than k a10 − 2 a8
⇒ α − k < 0, β − k > 0 an = α n − β n for n ≥ 1, then the value of is
α 2 a9
β
⇒ (α − k )( β − k ) < 0 k
[JEE 2011 P-I]
(ii) one root is less than k and the other greater than l (k<1) a. 1 b. 2
⇒ α − k < 0, β − k > 0, α − l < 0, β − l > 0 c. 3 d. 4
⇒ (α − k )( β − k ) < 0, (α − l )( β − l ) < 0 x 2 + bx − 1 = 0
5. A value of b for which the equations have
x 2 + x + b = 0,
α k l β
one root in common is [JEE 2011 P-II]
Equations of higher degrees and their roots: a0xn + a1xn–1 +
a2xn–2 + …..+ an = 0,when a is are real (a0 ≠ 0), is an nth a. − 2 b. −i 3

degree polynomial equation in one variable x. It has n roots c. i 5 d. 2

(unequal or equal) which are either real or nonreal complex. 6. Let α (a) and β (a) be the roots of the equation

Multiple Choice Questions

3
1 + a − 1 x 2 + 1 + a − 1 x + 6 1 + a − 1 = 0 where a > −1.
One and More than One Correct Then lim+ α (a) and lim+ β (a) are [JEE 2012 P-II]
a →0 a→0

1. Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle. Not two of them are 5 1

a. − and 1 b. − and − 1
equal and λ ∈ R. If the roots of the equation 2 2
x 2 + 2(a + b + c) x + 3λ (ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then 7 9
c. − and 2 d. − and 3
2 2
[JEE 2006]
4 5 7. The real number k for which the equation,
a. λ < b. λ >
3 3 2 x + 3 x + k = 0 has two distinct real roots in [0, 1]
3

[JEE Main 2013]

1 5  4 5
c. λ ∈  ,  d. λ ∈  ,  a. lies between 1 and 2 b. lies between 2 and 3
3 3  3 3
c. lies between –1 and 0 d. does not exist
2. Let α, β be the roots of the equation x2 – pr + r = 0 and 8. If the equations x2 + 2x +3 = 0 and ax2+bx+c= 0, ,b,c ∈ R,
α have a common root, then a : b : c is [JEE Main 2013]
, 2 β be the roots of the equation x 2 − qx + r = 0. Then
2 a. 1 : 2 : 3 b. 3 : 2 : 1
the value of r is [JEE 2007 P-I] c. 1 : 3 : 2 d. 3 : 1 : 2
2 2
a. ( p − q)(2q − p) b. (q − p )(2 p − q ) 9. Let α β be the roots of equation px 2 + qx + r = 0, p ≠ 0. If
9 9
2 2 1 1
c. (q − 2 p)(2q − p) d. (2 p − q)(2q − p) p, q, r are in A.P. and + = 4, then the value of
9 9 α β
| α − β | is: [JEE Main 2014]
3. Let p and q be real numbers such that p ≠ 0, p 3 ≠ q and
p 3 ≠ − q. If α and β are nonzero complex numbers satisfying 61 2 17
a. b.
9 9
α + β = − p and α 3 + β 3 = q, then a quadratic equation
34 2 13
α β c. d.
having and as its roots is [JEE 2010 P-I] 9 9
β α
Let a∈R and let f: R→R be given by f ( x) = x − 5x + a,
5
10.
a. ( p 3 + q ) x 2 − ( p 3 + 2 q ) x + ( p 3 + q ) = 0
then [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
b. ( p + q ) x − ( p − 2q ) x + ( p + q ) = 0
3 2 3 3
a. f (x) has three real roots if a > 4
b. f (x) has only one real root if a > 4
c. ( p 3 − q ) x 2 − (5 p 3 − 2 q ) x + ( p 3 + q ) = 0
c. f (x) has three real roots if a < −4
d. ( p 3 − q ) x 2 − (5 p 3 + 2q ) x + ( p 3 − q ) = 0 d. f (x) has three real roots if −4 < a < 4

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Quadratic Equations and Expressions 21
11. The quadratic equation p(x) = 0 with real coefficients has 17. Let a, λ, µ ∈ R. Consider the system of linear equations
purely imaginary roots. Then the equation p( p( x)) − 0 has ax + 2 y = λ , 3x − 2 y = µ. Which of the following state-
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] ment(s) is (are) correct? [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
a. only purely imaginary roots a. If a = −3, then the system has infinitely many solutions
b. all real roots for all values of λ and µ
c. two real and two purely imaginary roots
b. If a ≠ −3, then the system has unique solutions for all
d. neither real nor purely imaginary roots
values of λ and µ
12. Let α and β be the roots of equation x − 6 x − 2 = 0. If
2
c. If λ + µ = 0, then the system has infinitely many
a10 − 2 a8 solutions for a = −3
an = α n − β n , for n ≥ 1, then the value of is
2a9 d. If λ + µ ≠ 0, then the system has no solutions for
equal to: [JEE Main 2015] a = −3
a. 6 b. –6
18. If, for a positive integer n, the quadratic equation,
c. 3 d. –3
x ( x +1) + ( x +1)( x + 2) + ... + (x + n −1) ( x + n) = 10n has
13. Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers α such that
two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to
the quadratic equation α x2 − x + α = 0 has two distinct
[JEE Main 2017]
real roots x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality | x1 − x2 | < 1. a. 10 b. 11
Which of the following intervals is(are) a subset(s) of S ? c. 12 d. 9
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-II] 19. If α , β ∈ C are the distinct roots, of the equation
 1 1   1  x 2 − x + 1 = 0, then α 101 + β 107 is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
a.  − , −  b.  − , 0
 2 5  5 
a. 2 b. –1
 1   1 1 c. 0 d. 1
c.  0,  d.  , 
 5   5 2 
20. Let g ( x ) = cos x 2 , f ( x ) = x , and α , β (α < β ) be the
14. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation
roots of the quadratic equation 18x − 9π x + π = 0. Then
2 2

x 2 + 4 x − 60
( x − 5 x + 5)
2
= 1 is: [JEE Main 2016] the area (in sq. units) bounded by the curve y = ( gof )( x)
a. 3 b. – 4 and lines x = α , x = β and y = 0, is [JEE Main 2018]
c. 6 d. 5
1 1
a. ( 2 − 1) b. ( 3 − 1)
1 2 2
15. The least value of α ∈ R for which 4α x + ≥ 1, for all
2

x 1 1
c. ( 3 + 1) d. ( 3 − 2 )
x > 0, is [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] 2 2
1 1
a. b. 21. If α and β be the roots of the equation x2 – 2x + 2 = 0,
64 32
n
1 1 α 
c. d. then the least value of n for which   = 1 is:
27 25 β 
π π [JEE Main 2019]
16. Let − <θ < − . Suppose α1 and β1 are the roots of the a. 2 b. 3
6 12
c. 4 d. 5
equation x − 2x secθ +1 = 0 and α 2 and β2 are the roots of
2

the equation x + 2 x tanθ −1 = 0. If α1 > β1 and α 2 > β 2 , 22. The sum of the solutions of the equation
2

then α1 + β 2 equals [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] | x − 2| + x ( x − 4) + 2 = 0, (x > 0) is equal to:

[JEE Main 2019]
a. 2(sec θ − tan θ ) b. 2secθ
a. 4 b. 10
c. −2tan θ d. 0 c. 9 d. 12
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22 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
23. The number of integral values of m for which the equation 31. If λ be the ratio of the roots of the quadratic equation in x,
(1 + m2)x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 has no real root is: 3m2x2 + m(m – 4)x + 2 = 0, then the least value of m for
[JEE Main 2019] 1
which λ + = 1, is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. infinitely many b. 2 λ
c. 3 d. 1 a. 2 − 3 b. 4 − 3 2
24. Let α and β be two roots of the equation x + 2 x + 2 = 0,
2
c. −2 + 2 d. 4 − 2 3
then α + β is equal to:
15 15
[JEE Main 2019] 32. The number of integral values of m for which the
a. 512 b. –512 quadratic expression.(1 + 2m)x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + 4(1 + m),
c. –256 d. 256 x∈R, is always positive, is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. 8 b. 7
25. If both the roots of the quadratic equation x − mx + 4 = 0
2

c. 6 d. 3
are real and distinct and they lie in the interval [1, 5], the
m lies in the interval [JEE Main 2019] αn − β
33. If an = where α and β are roots of equation
a. (2, 10) b. (3, 4) α −β
c. (5, 6) d. (–5,–4)
x 2 − x −1 = 0 and bn = an +1 + an −1 . Then [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
26. The number of all possible positive integral values of α for ∞
bn 8
which the roots of the quadratic equation, 6x2 –11x + α = 0 a. bn = α n + β n b. ∑ 10
n =1
n
=
89
are rational numbers is: [JEE Main 2019] ∞
an 10
a. 2 b. 5 c. ∑ 10
n =1
n
=
89
d. a1 + a2 + .....an = an + 2 − 1
c. 3 d. 4
27. Consider the quadratic equation (c –5)x2 – 2cx + (c – 4) = 0, Matrix Match / Column Match
c ≠ 5. Let S be the set of all integral values of c for which
34. Match the Statements/Expressions in Column I with the
one root of the equation lies in the interval (0, 2) and its
Statements/Expressions in Column II [JEE 2008 P-II]
other root lies in the interval (2, 3). Then the number of
elements in S is: [JEE Main 2019] Column I Column II
a. 11 b. 18 (A) The minimum value of 1. 0
c. 10 d. 12 x2 + 2x + 4
is
x+2
28. The values of λ such that sum of the squares of the roots
(B) Let A and B be 3 × 3 matrices 2. 1
of the quadratic equation, x2 + (3 – λ) x + 2 = λ has the of real numbers, where A is
least value is: [JEE Main 2019] symmetric, B is skew
a. 2 b. 4/9 symmetric, and (A+B) (A–B) =
c. 15/8 d. 1 (A – B ) = (A+B). If
29. If one real root of the quadratic equation 81x2 + kx + 256 = 0 ( AB )t = (−1) k AB, where
is cube of the other root, then a value of k is ( AB)t is the transpose of the
[JEE Main 2019]
matrix AB , then the possible
a. –81 b. 100 c. –300 d. 144
values of k are
30. Let α and β be the roots of the quadratic equation x2 sinθ
(C) Let a = log3 log3 2. An integer 3. 2
– x (sinθ cosθ + 1) + cosθ = 0 (0 < θ < 45º), and α < β. −a
k satisfying 1 < 2( − k + 3 )
< 2,
∞
 (−1) n 
Then ∑  α n + n  is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] must be less than
n=0  β 
(D) If sin θ + cos φ , then the 4. 3
1 1 1 1
a. + b. + possible value of
1 − cos θ 1 + sin θ 1 − cos θ 1 − sin θ
1 π
c.
1
−
1
d.
1
−
1
θ ± φ −  are
1 − cos θ 1 + sin θ 1 + cos θ 1 − sin θ π 2

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Quadratic Equations and Expressions 23
a. A → 3; B → 2,4; C → 3,4; D → 1,3 ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
b. A → 1; B → 2,3; C → 1,4; D → 1,3 1. (a) D ≥ 0
c. A → 2; B → 2,4; C → 4,3; D → 1,3
⇒ 4(a + b + c)2 − 12λ (ab + bc + ca) ≥ 0
d. A → 1; B → 2,4; C → 3,2; D → 1,3
a2 + b2 + c2 2
⇒ λ≤ +
Statement or Assertion & Reason 3( ab + bc + ca ) 3
35. Let a, b, c, p, q be real numbers. Suppose α , β are the roots
Since | a − b |< c ⇒ a 2 + b2 − 2ab < c 2 . . .(i)
1
of the equation x + 2 px + q = 0 and α ,
2
are the roots of | b − c |< a ⇒ b + c − 2ab < a
2 2 2
. . .(ii)
β
| c − a |< b
the equation ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0, where β 2 ∉ {−1, 0, 1}.
⇒ c 2 + a 2 − 2ab < b2 . . .(iii)
Statement-I: ( p 2 − q ) (b 2 − ac ) ≥ 0
and a 2 + c2 + a 2
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get <2
Statement-II: b ≠ pa or c ≠ qa [JEE 2008 P-II] ab + bc + ca
2 2
a. Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II is Hence λ < +
a correct explanation for statement-I 3 3
b. Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II is 4
⇒ λ<
not a correct explanation for statement-I. 3
c. Statement-I is True, statement-II is False
d. Statement-I is False, statement-II is True 2. (d) The equation x 2 − px + r = 0 has roots (α , β ) and the
α 
equation x 2 − qx + r = 0 has roots  , 2β  .
Paragraph 2 
α
Paragraph for Question 36 to 37 ⇒ r = αβ and α + β = p and+ 2β = q
2
Let p, q be integers and let α , β be the roots of the equation,
2p −q 2(2 p − q)
x 2 − x − 1 = 0 , where α ≠ β . For n = 0, 1, 2,..., let ⇒ β= and α =
3 3
an = pα n + qβ n . 2
⇒ αβ = r = (2q − p)(2 p − q)
36. If a4 = 28 , then p + 2q = [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] 9
a. 12 b. 21 3. (b) α 3 + β 3 = q
c. 14 d. 7 ⇒ (α + β )3 − 3αβ (α + β ) = q
37. a12 = [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] q + p3
⇒ − p 3 + 3 pαβ = q ⇒ αβ =
a. a11 + 2a10 b. a11 + a10 3p
c. a11 − a10 d. 2a11 + a10 α β  α β
x2 −  +  x + ⋅ = 0
 β α  β α
Integer & Subjective
(α 2 + β 2 )
x2 − x +1 = 0
38. If roots of the equation x2 –10cx – 11d = 0 are a, b and αβ
those of x2 – 10ax – 11b = 0 are c,d, then the value of  (α + β ) 2 − 2αβ 
a + b + c + d is (a, b, c and d are distinct numbers) ⇒ x2 −   x +1 = 0
 αβ 
[JEE 2006]
 p3 + q 
39. The smallest value of k, for which both the roots of the p2 − 2  
⇒ x −
2  3p 
x +1 = 0
equation x − 8kx + 16 ( k 2 − k + 1) = 0 are real, distinct and
2
p3 + q
have values at least 4, is [JEE 2009 P-II] 3p

40. The number of distinct real roots of x4 – 4x3 + 12x2 + x –1 = 0 ⇒ ( p3 + q ) x 2 − (3 p3 − 2 p 3 − 2q) x + ( p3 + q ) = 0

is [JEE 2011 P-II] ⇒ ( p 3 + q ) x 2 − ( p 3 − 2 p ) x + ( p 3 + q ) = 0.

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24 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
4. (c) α is a roots of equation 8. (a) x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0
α − 6α − 2 = 0; β − 6 B − 2 = 0
2 2
D = 22 − 4.1.3 < 0
α 2 − 6α − 2 = 0 ⇒ α 2 − 2 = 6α ⇒ Both roots complex
a10 − 2a8 (α 10 − β 10 ) − 2(α 8 − β 8 ) ⇒ Both roots are common of x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0 &
=
2a9 2(α 9 − β 9 ) ax 2 + bx + c = 0
a b c
α 8 (α 2 − 2) − β 8 ( β 2 − 2) α 8 .(6α ) − β 8 (6 β ) = =
= = 1 2 3
2(α 9 − β 9 ) 2(α 9 − β 9 )
9. (d) α , β are roots of px 2 + qx + r = 0
6 (α − β )
9 9
− =3 α+β =−
q
, αβ =
r
2 2(α 9 − β 9 ) p p
5. (b) x 2 + bx − 1 = 0 P, q, r are in A.P. 2q = p + r . . .(i)
x + x+b = 0
2
. . .(i) 1 1
+ =4
Common root is, (b − 1) x − 1 − b = 0 α β
b +1 α + β = 4αβ −
q 4r
−q = 4 r
⇒ x= . This value of x satisfies equation (i) =
b −1 p p
(b + 1) 2 b + 1 q
⇒ + +b = 0 = −4 . . .(ii)
(b − 1) 2 b − 1 r
From (i) and (ii)
⇒ b = 3i , − 3i , 0.
p
= −9 . . .(iii)
6. (b) 3 1 + a − 1 x 2 + 1 + a − 1 x + 6 1 + a − 1 = 0, where a > −1 r
6
1+ a −1 − 1+ a −1 q 2 4r
α (a).β (a ) = α (a) + β (a) = | α − β |= (α + β ) 2 − 4αβ +
3
1+ a −1 3
1+ a −1 p2 p

(1 + a) − 11/ 2
1/ 2
16 4 2 13
a → 0+ α ( a) ⋅ β (a ) α (a)+ β (a) = = + =
a → 0+ (1 + a )1/ 3 − 11/ 3 81 9 9
(1 + a)1/ 6 − 11/ 6 10. (b, d) Let y = x5 − 5x
(1 + a) − 1
= 1t +
a → 0 (1 + a ) − 11/ 3
1/ 3
( − 1, 4)
(1 + a) − 1
−1
(1 + a)1/ 2 − 11/ 2 (1, − 4)
(1 + a) − 1 1 −3
α (a)+ β (a) = = =
a →0 + (1 + a) − 1
1/ 3 1/ 3
2 2
11. (d) P ( x ) = ax 2 + b with a, b of same sign.
(1 + a) − 1
P ( P ( x )) = a ( x 2 + b) 2 + b
α (a ) ⋅ β (a) = 1/ 2 α (a ) ⋅ β (a ) = −3 / 2
If x ∈ R or ix ∈ R
By solving α (a) = −1/ 2 and β (a) = −1
a →0 +
a →0 +
⇒ x2 ∈ R
7. (d) f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3 x + k ⇒ P ( x) ∈ R ⇒ P( P( x)) ≠ 0

f ′( x) = 6 x 2 + 3 Hence real or purely imaginary number cannot satisfy

P ( P ( x)) = 0.
f ′( x) = 0
1 12. (c) x2 − 6 x − 2 = 0
⇒ x =−
2

2 ⇒ x10 − 6 x9 − 2 x8 = 0
Not possible. As condition for two distinct real root is ' α ', β roots ⇒ a − 6α − 2α = 0
10 8 8
. . . (i)
f (α ) f ( β ) = 0
and β 10
− 6β − 2β = 0
8 8
. . . (ii)
(where are α , β roots of f ′( x) = 0) Equation (i) and (ii) we get,

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Quadratic Equations and Expressions 25
α 10
−β 10
− 6(α − β ) − 2(α − β ) = 0
9 9 8 8
⇒ α1 = secθ − tan θ
⇒ a10 − 6a9 − 2a8 = 0 ⇒ β1 = secθ + tan θ
a10 − 2a8 (ii) x 2 + 2 x tan θ − 1 = 0
⇒ =3
2 a9
− tan θ ± 4 tan 2 θ + 4
⇒ x=
13. (a, d) Here, 0 < ( x1 − x2 ) < 1 2
2
⇒ 0 < ( x1 + x2 )2 − 4 x1 x2 < 1 ⇒ x = − tanθ ± secθ
1 ⇒ α 2 = − tan θ + sin θ β 2 = − tan θ − secθ
⇒ 0< − 4 <1
α 2
⇒ α1 + β 2 = −2 tan θ
 1 1   1 1
⇒ α ∈ − , − ∪ ,  17. (b, c, d) ax + 2 y = λ 3x − 2 y = µ
 2 5   5 2
(a) a = −3 gives λ = −µ or λ + µ = 0 not for all λ, µ
x 2 + 4 x − 60
14. (a) ( x − 5 x + 5)
2
=1 (b) a ≠ −3
x − 5x + 5 = 1
2
x 2 + 4 x − 60 = 0 x 2 − 5 x + 5 = −1 a 2
⇒ ∆ ≠ 0 where ∆ = = −2 a − 6
x − 5x + 4 = 0
2
x = −10, x = 6 x − 5x + 6 = 0
2
3 −2
x = 1, x = 4 ∴ (b) is correct
2
at x = 2, x + 4x – 60 = – 48 (even) (c) correct
∴ x = 2 is valid (d) if λ + µ ≠ 0
at x = 3 , x2 + 4x – 60 = –39 (odd) ⇒ −3x + 2 y = λ …(i)
x = 3 is invalid x = 1, 2, 4, 6, −10 & 3x − 2 y = µ …(ii)
1 1 Inconsistent ⇒ (d) correct
15. (c) 4ax 2 + ≥1 ⇒ y = 4ax 2 +
x x n

dy 1  1 
1/ 3 18. (b) We have ∑ ( x + r − 1)( x + r ) = 10n
⇒ y= 8α x − 2 = 0 ⇒ x=  r =1
dx x  8α  n

4α x 3 + 1 1/ 2 + 1 3
⇒ ∑ (x 2
+ (2r − 1) x + (r 2 − r )) = 10n
⇒ f ( x) = = ⇒ × (8α )1/ 3 ≥ 1 r =1
x 1/(8α )1/ 3 2
 n2 − 31 
1 1 ∴ On solving, we get x 2 + nx +  =0
⇒ α 1/ 3 ≥ ⇒ α≥  3 
3 27
−(n + 1)
∴ (2α + 1) = −n ⇒ α = . . .(i)
16. (c) x − 2x secθ + 1 = 0
2
2
2secθ ± 4sec2 θ − 4 n2 − 31
⇒ x= α (α + 1) = . . .(ii)
2 3
⇒ x = secθ + tan θ , secθ − tan θ ⇒ α1 = secθ − tan θ Using equation (i) and (ii) n 2 = 121 or n = 11
now x + 2x tanθ −1 = 0 19. (d) x − x + 1 = 0
2 2

−2 tan θ ± 4 tan 2 θ + 4 Roots are −ω , −ω 2

⇒ x=
2 Let α = −ω , β = −ω 2
⇒ x = − tan θ ± secθ α 101 + β 107 = ( −ω )101 + ( −ω 2 )107
⇒ α 2 = (secθ − tan θ ) = − (ω 101 + ω 214 )
⇒ β 2 = −(sec θ + tan θ ) = − (ω 2 + ω ) = 1
∴ α1 + β 2 = −2 tan θ
(b) 18x − 9π x + π = 0
2 2
20
Alternate: (i) x − 2x cosθ + 1 = 0
2
(6 x − π )(3x − π ) = 0
2sec θ ± 4sec θ − 4 2
π π
x= = sec θ ± tan θ ∴ x= ,
2 6 3

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26 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π π (a) D > 0 ⇒ m 2 − 16 > 0 ⇒ m ∈ (−∞, 4) ∪ (4, ∞ )
α= , β=
6 3
(b) f (1) ≥ 0 ⇒ 5 − m ≥ 0 ⇒ m ∈ ( −∞,5]
y = ( gof ( x)) = cos x
 29 
π
π (c) f (5) ≥ 0 ⇒ 29 − 5m ≥ 0 ⇒ m ∈  −∞, 
3  5
Area = ∫π cos xdx = (sin x) π
6
3

−b m
6 (d) 1 < < 5 ⇒ 1 < < 5 ⇒ m ∈ (2,10)
2a 2
3 1
= −
2 2 26. (c) 6x2 –11x + α = 0
1 given roots are rational
= ( 3 − 1) sq. units
2 ⇒ D must be perfect square
2
21. (c) (x – 1) + 1 = 0 ⇒ 121 − 24α = λ 2
⇒ x = 1 + i, 1 – i ⇒ maximum value of α is 5
n
α  α = 1 ⇒λ∉ I
  = 1 ⇒ (±i) = 1
n
∴
β  α = 2 ⇒λ∉ I
∴ n (least natural number) = 4 α = 3 ⇒ λ∈ I ⇒ 3 integral values
α = 4 ⇒ λ∈ I
22. (b) | x − 2 | + x ( x − 4) + 2 = 0
α = 5 ⇒ λ∈ I
| x − 2 | +( x ) 2 − 4 x + 2 = 0
| x − 2 |2 + | x − 2 | −2 = 0 27. (a)
| x − 2 |= −2 (not possible) or | x − 2 |= 1
0 3
x − 2 = 1, −1 2

x = 3,1 Let ƒ(x) = (c – 5)x2 – 2cx + c – 4

x = 9, 1 ∴ ƒ(0)ƒ(2) < 0 . . .(i)
sum =10 and ƒ(2)ƒ(3) < 0 . . .(ii)
23. (a) D < 0 from (i) & (ii)
4(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + m2)(1 + 8m) < 0 (c – 4)(c – 24) < 0
⇒ m(2m – 1)2 > 0 ⇒ m > 0 & (c – 24)(4c – 49) < 0
49
24. (c) we have ( x + 1) 2 ÷ 1 = 0 ⇒ < c < 49
4
( x + 1) 2 − (i ) 2 = 0 ∴ s = {13, 14, 15, ..... 23}
⇒ ( x + 1 + i) 2 ( x + 1 − i ) = 0 Number of elements in set S = 11
28. (a) α + β = λ
⇒ x = − (1 + i)− (1 − i)
α ( let ) β ( let ) αβ =2–λ
So, α 15 + β 15 = (α 2 ) 7 α + ( β 2 ) 7 β α 2 + β 2 = (α + β )2 – 2αβ = (λ –3)2 – (2 – λ)
= −128(−i + 1 + i + 1) = –256 = λ2 + 9 – 6λ – 4 + 2λ
= λ2 – 4λ + 5= ( λ – 2)2 + 1
25. (a) ∴ λ=2
29. (c) 81x2 + kx + 256 = 0; x =α, α3
256 4
1 α β 5 α4 = ⇒α = ±
81 3
k 100
Now − = α + α 3 = ±
x2 − mx + 4 = 0 81 27
α β ∈ [1,5] ⇒ k = ±300

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Quadratic Equations and Expressions 27
30. (d) D = (1 + sin θ cos θ ) − 4sin θ cos θ = (1 − sin θ cos θ )
2 2 ∞
αn α −β
n n
(c) ∑ =∑
⇒ roots are β = cosecθ and β = cosecθ n =1 10 n
(α − β )10n
∞   1  ∞
n ∞  α β 
⇒ ∑  α +  −   = ∑ (cosθ ) n + ∑ (− sin θ )n
n
1  10  1  α β 
 β   n =0 = − 10 −
n= 0
 n =0    
α − β  1− α 1− β  α − β  10 − α 10 −β 
1 1  
= +  10 10 
1 − cos θ 1 + sin θ
1 (10(α − β ) − αβ + αβ ) 10
31. (b) 3m2x2 + m(m – 4) x + 2 = 0 = . =
α − β 100 − 10(α + β ) + αβ 89
1 α β
λ+ = 1, + = 1, α 2 + β 2 = αβ ∑α − ∑ β
i i

λ β α (d) = a1 + a2 + .......an = ∑ ai =
α −β
(α + β ) 2 = 3αβ
α (1 − α n ) β (1 − β n )
−
(1 − α ) (1 − β )
2 2
 m(m − 4)  3(2) (m − 4) 6
−  = , = =
 3m 2
 3m 2
9m 2
3m α −β
( m − 4) 2 = 18, m = 4 ± 18, 4 ± 3 2 (α + 1)(1 − α n ) − (β + 1)(1 − β n ) α 2 − α n + 2 − β 2 + β n + 2
= =
32. (b) Expression is always positive it (1 − α )(1 − β )(α − β ) (1 − α )(1 − β )(α − β )
1 5 + β n+2 − α n+2
2m + 1 > 0 ⇒ m > − & = = −1 + α n + 2
2 β −α
D < 0 ⇒ m2 – 6m – 3 < 0
3 – 12 < m < 3 + 12
∴ Common interval is 34. (a) (A) (0, 0)
3– 12 < m < 3 12
∴ Integral value of m {0,1,2,3,4,5,6} x=–4 x=4

33. (a,c,d) x + 2x + 4
2
y=
a n +1
−β n +1
−β α n −1 n −1 x+2
(a) bn = an +1 + an −1 = + ⇒
α −β α −β x 2 + (2 − y ) x + 4 − 2 y = 0
a n −1 (a 2 + 1) − β n −1 ( β 2 + 1) a n −1 (a + 2) − β n −1 ( β + 2) ⇒ y 2 + 4 y − 12 ≥ 0 y ≤ −6 or y ≥ 2
= =
α −β α −β Minimum value is 2.
5+ 5  
n −1 5 + 5
 (B) ( A + B ) ( A − B ) = ( A − B ) ( A + B )
a n −1   − β  
 2   2  ⇒ AB = BA ; as A is symmetric and B is skew symmetric
=
α −β ⇒ ( AB )t = − AB
 5 +1  5 −1  ⇒ k = 1 and k = 3
5a n −1  n −1
 − 5β  
 2   2 
= (C) a = log 3 log 3 2 ⇒ 3− a = log 2 3
α −β 3
Now 1 < 2− k + log 2 < 2
5(α n + β n )
= =αn + βn ⇒ 1 < 3.2− k < 2
α −β
α −β = 5 3
∵ ⇒ log 2   < k < log 2 (3)
α β 2
n n
∞
bn α  β ⇒ k = 1 or k < 2 and k < 3.
(b) ∑ n = ∑   + ∑   = 10 + 10
n =1 10  10   10  1 − α 1 − β π 
(D) sin θ = cos φ ⇒ cos  − θ  = cos φ
10 10 2 
α β 10(α + β ) − 2αβ
= + = π 1 π
10 − α 10 − β 100 − 10(α + β ) + αβ  θ ± φ −  = −2n
− θ = 2 nπ ± φ
2 π 2
10 + 2 12
= = ⇒ 0 and 2 are possible.
89 89

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28 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

35. (b) Suppose roots are imaginary then β = α and

1
=α 37. (b) a12 = pα 12 + q β 12 = pα 10α 2 + q β 10 ⋅ β 2
β
= pα 10 (α + 1) + q β 10 ( β + 1)
1
⇒ β = not possible
β = ( pα 11 + qβ 11 ) + ( pα 10 + q β 10 ) = a11 + a10 .
⇒ roots are real ⇒ ( p 2 − q ) (b 2 − ac ) ≥ 0 38. (1210) As a + b = 10c and c + d = 10 a
− 2b 1 ab = −11d , cd = −11b
⇒ statement (a) is correct. = α + and
a β
⇒ ac = 121 and (b + d ) = 9(a + c)
α c
= , α + β = − 2 p , αβ = q. If β = 1, then α = q a 2 − 10ac − 11d = 0
β a
⇒ c = qa (not possible) c 2 − 10ac − 11b = 0
−2b −2b ⇒ a 2 + c 2 − 20ac − 11(b + d ) = 0
Also α + 1 = ⇒ −2 p = ⇒ b = ap (not possible)
a a ⇒ (a + c) 2 − 22(121) − 11× 9(a + c) = 0
⇒ Statement (b) is correct but it is not the correct ⇒ ( a + c ) = 121 or − 22 (rejected)
explanation.
∴ a + b + c + d = 1210
1± 5
36. (a) α, β = α2 − α − 1 = 0
2 39. (2)
⇒ α4 = ( α + 1)
2
4

⇒ α = α + 2α + 1
4 2
x − 8kx + 16( k 2 − k + 1) = 0
2

⇒ α4 = α + 1 + 2α + 1 D > 0⇒ k >1 . . .(i)

⇒ α4 = α + 1 + 2α + 1 −b 8k
>4⇒ >4
2a 2
⇒ α 4 = 3α + 2 . . . (i)
⇒ k >1 . . .(ii)
∴ a4 = 24
f (4) ≥ 0 ⇒ 16 − 32k + 16(k − k + 1) ≥ 0
2

⇒ pα 4 + qβ 4 = 28
k 2 − 3k + 2 ≥ 2
⇒ p ( 3α + 2 ) + q ( 3β + 2 ) = 28 k ≤ 1∪ k ≥ 2 . . .(iii)
 1+ 5     1− 5   Using (i), (ii) and (iii) k min = 2.
⇒ p  3   + 2  + q  3   + 2  = 28

  2     2   40. (2) Let f ( x) = x 4 − 4 x3 + 12 x 2 + x − 1 = 0
⇒ ( ) (
p 7 + 3 5 + q 7 − 3 5 = 56 ) f ′( x) = 4 x 3 − 12 x 2 + 24 x + 1 = 4( x3 − 3x 2 + 6 x) + 1
⇒ 7 ( p + q ) + ( p − q ) 3 5 = 56 f ′′( x) = 12 x 2 − 24 x + 24 = 12( x 2 − 2 x + 2)
⇒ p + q = 8, p − q = 0 f ′′( x) has 0 real roots f (x) has maximum 2 distinct real
⇒ p = q = 4 ⇒ p + 2q = 12 roots as f (0) = −1.

  

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Complex Number 29

3 Complex Number
QUICK LOOK Modulus, Amplitude (Argument), Conjugate of a Complex
Number: If z = x + iy then
Algebra of Complex Numbers: z = x + iy is a complex

modulus of z = | z | = + x 2 + y 2
number where x ∈ R , y ∈ R, i = −1, i.e., i = −1; real part of 2
y

amplitude of z = amp z (or arg z ) = tan −1 . We know that
z = Re( z ) = x, imaginary part of z = Im( z ) = y. x

If z1 = x1 + iy1 , z2 = x2 + iy2 then, y
tan −1 has many values. The smallest numerical value
z1 + z2 = ( x1 ± x2 ) + i( y1 ± y2 ) and x
z1 .z 2 = ( x1 x2 − y1 y2 ) + i ( x1 y2 + y1 x2 ) falling in the quadrant of the complex number is called the
fundamental amplitude (or simply amplitude). The general
1 1 x2 − iy2 x − iy
= = = 22 2 22 y y
z2 x2 + iy2 ( x2 + iy2 )( x2 − iy2 ) x2 − i y2 value is 2π r + tan −1, where tan −1 is the fundamental
x x
x2 − iy2 x y amplitude, and this value is called the general amplitude.
= = 2 2 2 −i 2 2 2
x 2 + y 2 x2 + y 2
2 2
x2 + y2 The amp z lies between –p and p, i.e., 0 ≥ amp z ≤ π or

x1 + iy1 = x2 + iy2 ⇔ x1 + x2 , y1 = y2 . Thus, one complex −π < amp z < 0. If z belongs to the first quadrant then its
equation is equivalent to two real equations.
π

i n = 1, i, −1, −i according as n = 4m, 4m + 1, 4m + 2, 4m + 3. amplitude is between 0 and ; if z belongs to the second
2
Note π
quadrant then the amplitude is between and π ; if z
The values of different integral powers of i are i or –1 or –i and 2
1. The digit in the units place of the value of a positive integral belongs to the third quadrant then the amplitude is between
power of a digit also follows a sequence of digits. The digits in −π
1 2 3 4 5
–p and and if z belongs to the fourth quadrant then the
unit places of 7 , 7 , 7 , 7 ,7 , etc., are 7, 9, 3, 1, 7 etc. Using 2
this fact we can determine the digit in the unit place of a power −π
amplitude is between and 0.
of a natural number. 2
For example: What is the digit in the unit place of (193)50 ?
Method of calculating amp z is as follows.
y
Consider the value of 31 ,32 ,33 ,34 ,35 ,36 , etc. The digit in the Calculate tan −1 (= α ) in
x
unit place will be in the sequence 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9, 7, 1,..The 50th
the first quadrant.
term in it is 9. So the digit in the unit place of (193)50 is 9. π ,α α = tan−1 Y
If z is in the first quadrant, x

Representation of Complex Numbers in Argand Plane amp z = α

The complex number If z is in the second
↑ Y
z = x + iy is represented in a quadrant, amp z = π − α α−x
z = ( x, y ) −α
Imaginary axis

plane by the point (x, y). The If z is in the third quadrant,

plane in which complex amp z = α − π
−, + +, + If z is in the fourth quadrant,
Figure: 3.2
numbers are represented by X
Real axis →
point is called the Argand amp z = −α .
plane. If x > 0, y > 0 then
−, − +, −
the complex number will be Note
represented by a point in the
Figure: 3.1 (1) The complex number z = 0 has indeterminate amplitude.
first quadrant. Similarly for other possible signs of x and y
Conjugate of z = z = x − iy.
the location of the point is as shown in the figure.
The trigonometrical form (or polar form) of a complex

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30 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
number is z =| z | {(cos (amp z ) + i sin(amp z )}, i.e., z1 r1 (cos θ1 + i sin θ1 ) r
and = = 1 {cos(θ1 − θ 2 ) + i sin(θ1 − θ 2 )}
z = r (cos + i sin θ ) where r = |z| and q = amp z. z2 r2 (cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2 ) r2

Unimodular complex number z is such that | z |= 1 and ∴ amp (z1z2) = amp z1 + amp z2
z
hence unimodular complex number. z = cos θ + i sin θ where and amp 1 = amp z1 – amp z2
z2
θ = amp z.
(2) While taking a complex number z in working out a problem Clearly, these results on amplitude hold when we take
or solving an equation we take z = x + iy (in algebraic form) fundamental amplitudes only.
z1 z
or z = r (cos θ + i sin θ ) (in trigonometrical form). If the
| z 1 .z 2 | = | z 1 | . | z 2 | = 1 | z n | = | z |n
z2 z2
modulus or amplitude of the complex number is known, it is
always convenient to take z in the trigonometrical form. | z1 + z 2 | ≤ | z1 | + | z 2 |
z equality holding if z = 0, z1 , z 2 are collinear with z = 0 at
(3) (i) is always a unimolecular complex number if z ≠ 0.
|z| one end.
π π | z 1 − z 2 | ≥ || z 1 | − | z 2 ||
(ii) If amp z = or − , z is purely imaginary; if amp
2 2 z

z⋅z = | z |2 =1
z = 0 or π , z is purely real. z

Power of a Complex Number (De Moivre’s Theorem)

To Express Real Part and Imaginary Part in Terms of the

If z1 = cos θ1 + i sin θ1 , z2 = cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2 , etc., then
Complex Number

Let z = x + iy ; then z = x − iy z1 .z2 = (cos θ1 + i sin θ1 )(cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2 )
Adding these, z + z = 2 x; = cos(θ1 + θ 2 ) = i sin(θ1 + θ 2 )
1 z1 .z2 .z3 .... = cos(θ1 + θ 2 + θ 3 + ....) + i sin(θ1 + θ 2 + θ3 + ....)
∴ x = ( z + z ). Subtracting these, z − z = 2iy
2
(cos θ + i sin θ )n = cos nθ + i sin nθ , where n is a positive
1
∴ y= (z − z ) integer.
2i
(cos θ + i sin θ )− n = cos nθ − i sin nθ
Note (cos θ − i sin θ )n = cos nθ − i sin nθ
(1) z + z is always real and z − z is always imaginary.

(cos θ + i sin θ ) p / q = {cos(2rπ + θ ) + i sin(2rπ + θ )} p / q
(2) z z is always real.
(2rπ + θ ) p (2rπ + θ ) p
= cos + i sin ,
Properties of Conjugate, Amplitude and Modulus q q

z  z where r = 0,1, 2,......, q − 1.

z1 ± z2 = z1 ± z2 z1 .z2 = z1 .z2  1  = 1

nth roots of unity = 11/ n = (cos 0 + i sin 0)1/ n
 z2  z2

amp(z1.z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 2rπ 2rπ
= (cos 2rπ + i sin 2rπ )1/ n = cos + i sin ,
z  n n
amp  1  = amp z1 – amp z2 where r = 0,1, 2,....., n − 1.
 z2 
 z
amp   = 2amp z
 z 2π 2π
If cos + i sin = z0 then the nth roots of unity are
n n
amp z2 = 2 amp z.
1, z0 , z02 , z03 ,....., z0n −1 which are in G.P.
Note
If z1 = r1 (cos θ1 + i sin θ1 ), z2 = r2 (cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2 ) Cube Roots of Unity
Then z1 .z2 = r1r2 (cos θ1 + i sin θ1 )(cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2 ) = r1r2
Cube roots of unity
{cos(θ1 + θ 2 ) + i sin(θ1 + θ 2 )} = 11/ 3 = (cos 0 + i sin 0)1/ 3 = (cos 2rπ + i sin 2rπ )1/ 3

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Complex Number 31
2rπ 2rπ
If z3 , z1 , z2 are three points taken in the anticlockwise sense
= cos + i sin ,
3 3 z3 − z1
then amp = = ∠Z 3 Z1Z 2
where r = 0, 1, 2 z2 − z1
1 3 1 3
= 1, − + i ,− −i .
The angle between two line segment joining the points
2 2 2 2 z
z1 , z 2 and z3 , z4 is 1

If one of the non-real complex roots be w then the other

non-real complex root will be w2. z1 − z 2
amp =

3 1 = 1, w, w 2 where w 3 = 1 and 1 + w + w 2 = 0. z3 − z4

The value of 1 + w n + w 2 n = 3 if n = 3m, i.e., n is divisible z1 − z 2

or π – amp = z3
by 3 = 0 if n ≠ 3m, i.e., n is not divisible by 3 z3 − z4 z2
Figure: 3.5

Complex numbers z satisfying | z − z0 |= ρ represents points
Note on the circle whose centre is z0 and radius = ρ .
Any complex number for which
Complex numbers z satisfying | z − z0 |< ρ represents points
real part
= 1: 3 or 3 :1, inside the circle whose centre is z0 and radius = ρ .
imaginary part
can be expressed in terms of w and i. Complex numbers z satisfying | z − z0 |> ρ represents points
outside the circle whose centre is z0 and radius = ρ .
Application of Complex Numbers in Geometrical Problems
The geometrical meaning of complex expression, equations and | z − z0 | ρ
| z − z0 | > ρ
inequations are as follows:
z0

z = x + iy ⇒ z is a point whose coordinates are ( x, y )
Y

P(z) Figure: 3.6

z – z1

If z is on the circle | z |= ρ then iz is also on the circle, the
z
Q (z1)
radius vector being shifted by π / 2 in the anticlockwise sense.
X iz
Figure: 3.3
Note
The complex number z is also represented by a vector. If P π /2



 z
represents z in the Argand plane we say OP represents the O

complex number z, O being the origin. If P and Q represents


complex numbers z and z1 respectively then QP = z − z1 . Figure: 3.7

The line segment joining the complex numbers z1 , z 2 is

| z |= distance between the origin and the point z | z − z1 |= divided by the complex number z in the ratio m : n if
distance between the points z and z1. mz2 + nz1
z=
m+n

amp z = ∠ZOX , where Z represents z

General equation of a line is α z + α z + β = 0 where β is a
z
amp = = ∠ZOZ 1 . real constant and α is a non-real complex constant.
z1
n z2
z ( x, y )
Y m z
| z − z1 |
|z| z1 z1
amp z/z1 Figure: 3.8

amp z1
amp z
General equation of a circle is zz + α z + α z + β = 0 where
O X
Figure: 3.4 β is a real constant and α is a non-real complex constant.

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32 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Multiple Choice Questions a. | z − z 1 | + | z − z 2 | = | z 1 − z 2 |
One and More than One Correct b. Arg ( z − z1 ) = Arg ( z − z2 )
1. If w = α + iβ , where β ≠ 0 and z ≠ 1, satisfies the condition z − z1 z − z1
c. =0
z2 − z1 z2 − z1
 w − wz 
that   is purely real, then the set of values of z is
 1− z  d. Arg ( z − z1 ) = Arg ( z2 − z1 )
[JEE 2006] 8. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of
a. {z : | z | = 1} b. { z : z = z }
z is nonzero and a = z 2 + z + 1 is real. Then a cannot take
c. {z : z ≠ 1} d. { z : | z |= 1, z ≠ 1} the value [JEE 2012 P-I]
2. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards 1
a. –1 b.
the north-east (N 45° E) direction. From there, he walks a 3
1 3
distance of 4 units towards the north-west (N 45° W) c. d.
2 4
direction to reach a point P. Then the position of P in the
Argand plane is [JEE 2007 P-I] 9. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument
a. 3e iπ / 4
+ 4i b. (3 − 4 i ) e iπ / 4
 1+ z 
θ , then arg   equals [JEE Main 2013]
c. (4 + 3i ) e iπ / 4
d. (3 + 4 i ) e iπ / 4  1+ z 
π
z a. −θ b. −θ
3. If | z | = 1 and z = ±1, then all the values of lie on 2
1− z2
c. θ d. π − θ
[JEE 2007 P-II]
1
a. a line not passing through the origin 10. Let complex number α and lie on circles
α
b. | z |= 2
( x − x0 ) + ( y − y0 ) = r and ( x − x0 )2 + ( y − y0 ) 2 = 4r 2 ,
2 2 2

c. the x-axis
respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation
d. the y-axis
4. Let z = x + iy be a complex where x and y are integers. 2 | z0 |2 = r 2 + r , then | α |= [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]

Then the area of the rectangle whose vertices are the roots 1 1
a. b.
of the equation zz 3 + zz 3 = 350 is [JEE 2009 P-I] 2 2
a. 48 b. 32 c. 40 d. 80 1 1
c. d.
15 7 3
5. Let z = cosθ + i sin θ . Then the value of ∑ Im( z 2 m −1 ) at
m =1
3+i
θ = 2° is [JEE 2009 P-I] 11. Let w = and P = {W n : n = 1, 2,3,...}. Further
2
1 1 1 1  1  −1 
a. b. c. d. H1 =  z ∈ C : Re z >  and H 2 =  z ∈ C : Re z <  ,
sin 2° 3 sin 2° 2 sin 2° 4 sin 2°  2  2
6. Let ω be a complex cube root of unity with ω ≠ 1. A fair where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z1 ∈
die is thrown three times. If r1,r2 and r3 are the numbers
P ∩ H1 , z2 ∈ P ∩ H 2 and O represents the origin, then
obtained on the die, then the probability that
ω r + ω r + ω r = 0 is
1 2 3
[JEE 2010 P-I] ∠z1Oz2 = [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]

a.
1
b.
1 π π
a. b.
18 9 2 6
2 1
c. d. 2π 5π
9 36 c. d.
3 6
7. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let 12. If z is a complex number such that | z | ≥ 2, then the
z = (1 − t ) z1 + tz2 for some real number t with 0 < t < 1. If
1
Arg (W) denotes the principal argument of a non-zero minimum value of z + : [JEE Main 2014]
2
complex number w, then [JEE 2010 P-I]
@iitjeehelps
Complex Number 33
y π
a. arg( −1 − i ) =, where i = −1
B (2,0) 4
b. The function f : ℝ → ( −π , π ], defined by
(–2,0) Q (–2,0)
x′ x f (t ) = arg( −1 + it ) for all t ∈ ℝ, is continuous at all
A A
1 points or ℝ , where i = −1
B ′ (0, − 2)
− ,0
2 c. For any two non-zero complex number z1 and z2 ,
y′
z 
5 arg  1  − arg( z1 ) + arg( z2 ) is an integer multiple of 2π
a. is equal to  z2 
2
d. For any three given distinct complex numbers z1, z2
b. lies in the interval (1, 2)
and z3, the locus of the point z satisfying the condition
5
c. is strictly greater than 17. Let s, t, r be non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of
2
3 5 solutions z = x + iy ( x, y ∈ ℝ, i = −1) of the equation
d. is strictly greater than but less than
2 2 sz + tz + r = 0, where z = x − iy. Then, which of the

13. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if | z |= 1. following statement(s) is (are) True? [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]

z1 − 2 z2 a. If L has exactly one element, then | s |≠| t |

Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that
2 − z1 z2 b. If | s |=| t |, then L has infinitely many elements
is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then the point z1 c. The number of elements in L ∩ { z :| z − 1 + i |= 5} is at
lies on a [JEE Main 2015] most 2
a. straight line parallel to x-axis d. If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely
b. straight line parallel to y-axis many elements
c. circle of radius 2 3 i
18. If z = + (i = −1), then (1 + iz + z 5 + iz 8 )9 is equal to
d. circle of radius 2 2 2
[JEE Main 2019]
2 + 3i sin θ
14. A value of θ for which is purely imaginary, a. –1 b. 1 c. 0 d. (−1 + 2i)9
1 − 2i sin θ
is: [JEE Main 2016]   π  3 + 2i sin θ 
π π 19. Let A = o ∈  − , π  : is purely imaginary 
a. b.   2  1 − 2i sin θ 
3 6
Then the sum of the elements in A is: [JEE Main 2019]
 3  1  3π
−1
c. sin   d. sin −1  5π 2π
 a. b. c. d. π
 4   3 6 3 4

15. Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that a − b = 1 and 20. Let z0 be a root of the quadratic equation, x2 + x + 1 = 0.
y ≠ 0. If the complex number z = x + iy satisfies If z = 3 + 6iz081 − 3iz093 then arg z is equal to:
 az + b  [JEE Main 2019]
Im   = y , then which of the following is (are) a. π/4 b. π/3
 z +1 
possible value(s) of x? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I] c. 0 d. π/6
a. −1 + 1 − y 2 b. 1 − 1 + y 2 21. Let z1 and z2 be any two non-zero complex numbers such
3 z1 2 z2
c. 1 + 1 + y 2 d. −1 − 1 − y 2 that 3|z1| = 2 |z2|. If z = + then: [JEE Main 2019]
2 z2 3 z1

16. For a non-zero complex number z, let arg(z) denote the 1 17

a. | z | = b. Re( z ) = 0
principal argument with −π < arg( z ) ≤ π . Then, which of 2 2
the following statement(s) is (are) False? 5
c. | z | = d. Im( z ) = 0
[JEE Adv. 2018 P-I] 2

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34 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
5 5
 3 i  3 i Column I Column II
22. Let z =  +  +  −  . If R(z) and I[z] respectively (A) The set of points z 1. an ellipse with
 2 2  2 2
satisfying 4
denote the real and imaginary parts of z, then: eccentricity
| z − i | z || = | z + i | z || is 5
[JEE Main 2019]
contained in or equal to
a. R(z) > 0 and I(z) > 0
(B) The set of points z 2. the set of points z
b. R(z) < 0 and I(z) > 0
c. R(z) = –3
satisfying satisfying Im z = 0
d. I(z) = 0 | z + 4 | + | z − 4 | = 10 is
3 contained in or equal to
 1  x + iy
23. Let  −2 − i  = (i = −1), where x and y are real (C) If | ω | = 2, then the set of 3. the set of points z
 3  27
satisfying |Im z| ≤ 1
numbers, then y –x equals [JEE Main 2019] points z = ω − 1/ ω
a. –85 b. 85 contained in or equal to
c. –91 d. 91 (D) If | ω | = 1, then the set of 4. the set of points z
satisfying |Re z| ≤ 1
24. Let z be a complex number such that |z| + z = 3 + i (where points z = ω +1/ ω is
i = −1 ). Then |z| is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] contained in or equal to
5 41 5. the set of points z
a. b. satisfying | z | ≤ 3
4 4
34 5 a. A→3; B→1; C→1,5; D→2,5
c. d. b. A→1; B→2; C→3; D→4
3 3
c. A→2; B→1; C→4; D→5
z −α d. A→3; B→1; C→3; D→5
25. If (α ∈ R) is a purely imaginary number and |z| = 2,
z +α
then α value of a is: [JEE Main 2019] 29. Match the statements given in Column I with the values
a. 1 b. 2 given in Column II. [JEE 2011 P-II]
c. 2 d. 1/2 Column I Column II
 π
(A) If a = ˆj + 3kˆ = −ˆj + 3kˆ and 1.
26. Let Z1 and Z2 be two complex numbers satisfying |Z1| = 9 6

and |Z2 – 3 – 4i | = 4. Then the minimum value of |Z1 – Z2| c = 2 3kˆ form a triangle,
is: [JEE Main 2019] then the internal angle of the
 
a. 0 b. 1 triangle between a and b is
c. 2 d. 2 b
2π
∫ ( f ( x ) − 3 x )dx = a − b ,
2 2
(B) If 2.
a 3
27. If z is a complex number belonging to the set S π
then the value of f   is
= { z :| z − 2 + i | ≥ 5} and z0 ∈ S such that
1
maximum.  6
| z0 − 1 |
π2 π
 4 − z0 − z0  (C) The value of 3.
Then arg  ln 3 3
 is [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
 z0 − z0 + 2i  5/6

a.
π
b.
3π
c. −
π
d.
π ∫ sec(π x) dx is
7/6
4 4 2 2
(D) The maximum value 4. π
Matrix Match / Column Match  1 
Arg  for | z |= 1, z ≠ 1 f
 1 − z 
28. Match the statements in column-I with those in column-II.
Note: Here z takes the values in the complex plane and Im is given by
z and Re z denote, respectively, the imaginary part and the π
5.
real part of z] [JEE 2010 P-II] 2

@iitjeehelps
Complex Number 35
a. A→1; B→2,4; C→4; D→2 a. A→1; B→2; C→4; D→3 b. A→2; B→1; C→3; D→4
b. A→1; B→2; C→3; D→4 c. A→1; B→2; C→3; D→4 d. A→2; B→1; C→4; D→3
c. A→2; B→1; C→4; D→5 32. Match the Column [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
d. A→3; B→1; C→3; D→5 Column I Column II
30. Match the statements given in Column I with the (A) In R , if the magnitude of 1. 1
2

interval/union of intervals given in Column II the projection vector of the

[JEE 2011 P-II]
vector α iˆ + β ˆj on 3iˆ + ˆj
Column I Column II
1. ( −∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞ ) is 3 and if | α | = 2 + 3β ,
  2iz  
(A) The set  Re  2 
:z then possible value(s) of
  1 − z 
is a complex number, | α | is (are)
| z |= 1, z ≠ ±1 is (B) Let a and b be real numbers 2. 2
(B) The domain of the function 2. ( −∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞ ) such that the function

f (x) = sin −1  8(3)


1− 3
x −2

2(x −1) 

is f ( x) = {
−3ax 2 − 2, x < 1
bx + a 2 , x ≥1
is

3. [2, ∞) differentiable for all x ∈ R.

1 tanθ 1
Then possible value(s) of a
(C) If f (θ) = − tanθ 1 tanθ ,
is (are)
−1 − tanθ 1
(C) Let ω ≠ 1 be a complex cube 3. 3
then the set
root of unity. If
 π
f (θ ) : 0 ≤ θ <  is (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3
 2
+ (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3
(D) If f (x) = x 3 / 2 (3x − 10), 4. (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞)
+ ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0,
x ≥ 0, then f(x) is
then possible value(s) of n
increasing in
is (are)
5. ( −∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞ )
(D) Let the harmonic mean of 4. 4
a. A→4; B→2, 4; C→4; D→2
two positive real numbers a
b. A→4; B→5; C→3; D →3
and b be 4. If q is a positive
c. A→2; B→1, 4; C→3; D→4
real number such that a, 5,
d. A→1; B→2; C→5; D→4
q, b is an arithmetic
 2 kπ   2kπ  progression, then the value
31. Let zk = cos   + i sin   ; k = 1, 2,...,9.
 10   10  (s) of | q − a | is (are)
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
5. 5
Column I Column II
a. A→3, 4, 5; B→1, 5; C→2, 3, 4, 5; D→1, 2, 3, 5
(A) For each zk there exists a zj 1. True
b. A→3, 5; B→1, 4; C→1, 2, 3, 5; D→, 2, 3, 5
such zk. zj = 1
c. A→1, 2; B→1, 2; C→1, 2, 4, 5; D→2, 5
(B) There exists a k ∈ {1, 2,.....,9} 2. False
d. A→ 1, 2, 3, 5; B→ 2, 4; C→ 1, 2, 3, 4; D→1, 3, 5
such that z1.z = zk has no
solution z in the set of Paragraph
complex numbers
Paragraph for Question No. 33 to 36
|1 − z1 ||1 − z 2 | ..... |1 − z9 | 3. 1
(C) Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below
10
A = {z : Im z ≥ 1}
equals
9
 2 kπ  4. 2 B = {z :| z − 2 − i |= 3}
(D) 1 − ∑ cos   equals
k =1  10  C = {z : Re((1 − i) z ) = 2}. [JEE 2008 P-I]

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36 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
33. The number of elements in the set A ∩ B ∩ C is ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. ∞ w − wz w − wz
1. (d) =
34. Let z be any point in A ∩ B ∩ C. Then, 1− z 1− z
⇒ ( z z − 1)( w − w) = 0
| z + 1 − i | + | z − 5 − i | lies between
2 2

⇒ z z =1
a. 25 and 29 b. 30 and 34
c. 35 and 39 d. 40 and 44 ⇒ | z |2 = 1
35. Let z be any point in A ∩ B ∩ C and let w be any point ⇒ | z |= 1
satisfying | w − 2 − i |< 3. Then, | z | − | w | +3 lies between 2. (d) Let OA = 3, so that the complex number associated
a. –6 and 3 b. –3 and 6 c. –6 and 6 d. –6 and 9 with A is 3 e iπ / 4 .
36. Let ω be a solution of x 3 − 1 = 0 with Im(ω ) > 0. If If z is the complex number associated with P, then
a = 2 with b and c satisfying (E), then the value of z − 3 eiπ / 4 4 − iπ / 2 4i
iπ / 4
= e =−
3 1 3 0 − 3e 3 3
+ b + c is equal to y
ω ω ω
a
P
a. –2 b. 2 c. 3 d. –3
4

Integer & Subjective 3 eiπ / 4 .

A
3
37. If z is any complex number satisfying | z − 3 − 2i |≤ 2, then
the minimum value of | 2z − 6 + 5i | is [JEE 2011 P-I] O x
iπ / 4 iπ / 4
⇒ 3z − 9 e = 12i e
38. Let ω = eiπ / 3 , and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex
⇒ z = (3 + 4i) eiπ / 4 .
numbers such that
a +b+c = x 3. (d) Let z = cosθ + sin θ , so that
a + bω + cω 2 = y z cos θ + sin θ
=
a + bω + cω = z.
2 1 − z 2 1 − (cos 2θ + i sin θ )

| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 cos θ + i sin θ
Then the value of is [JEE 2011 P-II] =
2 sin 2 θ − 2i sin θ cos θ
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2
cos θ + i sin θ i
= =
 kπ   kπ  −2i sin θ (cos θ + i sin) 2sin θ
39. For any integer k, let α k = cos   + i sin  7  , where
 7    z
12 Hence lies on the imaginary axis i.e., x = 0.
Σ | α k +1 − α k | 1− z2
i = −1. The value of the expression 3
k =1
is Alternative
Σ | α 4 k −1 − α 4 k − 2 | z z 1
k =1 Let E = = = , which is imaginary.
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-II] 1 − z 2 zz − z 2 z − z

− 1 + 3i
40. Let z = , where i = − 1, and r , s ∈ {1, 2, 3}. 4. (a) zz ( z 2 + z 2 ) = 350
2
Put z = x + iy
(−z)r z2s 
Let P =  2s  and I be the identity matrix of order 2.
zr  ( x2 + y2 ) ( x2 − y 2 ) = 175
 z
Then the total number of ordered pairs (r , s) for which ( x2 + y2 ) ( x2 − y2 ) = 5 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7
P 2 = − I is [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] x2 + y2 = 25
41. That ω ≠ 1 be a cube root of unity. Then minimum value of
x2 − y2 = 7 x = ± , y = ± 3
set {| a + bω + cω 2 |2 ; a,b,c are distinct non zero integers}
x , y ∈ 1 Area = 8 × 6 = 48 sq. unit
equals_______.| [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]

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Complex Number 37
5. (d) X = sin θ + sin 3θ + ... + sin 29θ 9. (c) Let z = ω
2(sinθ ) X = 1 − cos2θ + cos2θ − cos4θ + ... + cos28θ − cos30θ 1+ z 1+ ω −ω 2
Now = = =ω
1 − cos30θ 1 1+ z 1+ ω 2
−ω
X = = 1+ z
2sin θ 4sin 2° ∴ arg = arg ω = θ
1+ z
6. (c) r1 , r2 , r3 ∈ {1, 2,3, 4,5,6} (put z = cosθ + i sin θ )

r1 , r2 , r3 are of from 3k , 3k + 1, 3k + 2
10. (c) OB = | α |
Required probability C(1/ α )
1 1 B(α)
3! × C1 × C1 × C1 6 × 8 2
2 2 2
OC = = 2r
= = = . |α | |α |
6×6×6 216 9
r
In ∆OBD A
D
7. (a,c,d) Given z = (1 − t ) z1 + tz2
| z |2 + | α |2 − r 2 θ z0
z − z1  z−z  cos θ = 0
⇒ =t⇒ arg  =0 . . .(i) 2 | z0 | | α |
z 2 − z1  z 2 − z1 
In ∆ OCD
⇒ arg ( z − z1 ) = arg( z2 − z1 )
1
z − z1 z − z1 | z 0 |2 + − 4r 2
= | α |2
z 2 − z1 z 2 − z1 cos θ =
1
2 | z0 |
z − z1 z − z1 = 0 |α |
z2 − z1 z2 − z1
1
P( z ) | z0 |2 + − 4r 2
|z 0 |2 + | α |2 −r 2 | α |2
A( z1 ) B ( z2 ) =
2 | z0 || α | 1
AP + PB = AB 2 | z0 |
|α |
⇒ | z − z1 | + | z − z 2 | = | z1 − z 2 | .
1
⇒ | α |=
8. (d) z = x + iy; y ≠ 0 7
 nπ 
a = z 2 + z + 1∈ℝ 3 +i iπ i 
11. (c, d) w = = e 6 , so wn = e  6 
a = ( x + iy ) 2 + ( x + iy ) + 1 2
nπ 1
= ( x 2 − y 2 + x + 1) + i(2 xy + y ) ∈ ℝ Now, for z1 , cos > and for
6 2
⇒ 2xy + y = 0
nπ 1
z2 , cos <−
⇒ y (2 x + 1) = 0 6 2
1 Possible position of z1 are A1 , A2 , A3 whereas of z 2 are
x=− ∴y ≠0
2 B1 , B2 , B3 (as shown in the figure). So, possible value of
1 1 2π 5π
∴ a = x2 − y 2 + x + 1 = − y2 − +1 ∠z1 Oz2 according to the given option is or .
4 2 3 6
3 2
a= y 1  1
4 12. (b) z + = z −− 
2  2
∵ y ≠ 0 ⇒ y2 > 0
1 3
3 The minimum value of z + is
⇒ y = −a >0
2
2 2
4
z1 − 2 z 2
3 13. (c) =1
∴ a< 2 − z1 z 2
4
3 ⇒ | z1 − 2 z2 |2 = | 2 − z1 z2 |2
∴ a≠
4 ⇒ ( z1 − 2 z2 )( z1 − 2 z2 ) = (2 − z1 z2 )(2 − z1 z2 )

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38 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ z1 z1 + 4 z2 z2 = 4 + z1 z1 z2 z2  z1   z1 z2 
(c) arg   − arg( z1 ) + arg( z2 ) = arg  ⋅ 
⇒ 4 + | z1 | | z2 | − 4 | z2 | − | z1 | = 0
2 2 2 2
 z2   z2 z1 
⇒ (| z1 |2 −1) ⋅ ( | z2 |2 − 4) = 0 +2kπ = arg(1) + 2 kπ = 2kπ
z1
But | z2 | ≠ 1,  ( z − z1 )( z2 − z3 )  z2
(d) arg  =π π−θ
∴ | z2 | = 2 . Hence, z lies on a circle of radius 2 centered at  ( z − z3 )( z2 − z1 ) 
z θ
origin.  z − z1   z2 − z3 
⇒ arg   + arg  
2 + 3i sin θ 1 + 2i sin θ  z − z3   z2 − z2  z3
14. (d) ×
1 − 2i sin θ 1 + 2i sin θ  z1 − z   z3 − z2 
2 − 6sin 2 θ = 0
θ = arg   , π − θ = arg  
 z3 − z   z1 − z2 
(For purely imaginary)
 z − z1   z2 − z3 
sin 2 θ =
1
sin θ =
1
, θ = sin −1
1 ⇒ arg   + arg   =π
3 3 3  z3 − z   z2 − z1 
 ( z − z1 )( z2 − z3 ) 
 a ( x + iy ) + b  arg  =π
15. (a, d) Im  =y  ( z − z3 ) ( z2 − z1 ) 
 x + iy + 1 
az + b  17. (a, c, d) sz + tz + r = 0 . . . (i)
⇒ Im  = y Taking conjugate of (i)
 z +1 
s z +t z+r =0 . . . (ii)
az + a − 1 
⇒ Im  = y Eliminating z from (i) and (ii)
 z +1 
( ssz + tsz + sr ) − (tsz + ttz + tr ) = 0
⇒ Im  a −  1
= y z (| s |2 − | t |2 ) = tr − rs
 z +1 
z +1 (a) If | s |≠| t |, then z has unique value
⇒ Im  −  1
⋅ = y
 z +1 z +1  (b) If | s |=| t | and rt − rs ≠ 0, then z has infinitely many
 z +1  values
⇒ Im  − = y
 z + 1 
2 If | s |=| t | and rt − rs ≠ 0, then z has no value

⇒ L may be empty set or infinite set
y
⇒ =y (c) Locus of z is null set or singleton set or a line in all
( x + 1)
2
+ y2
cases. It will intersect given circle at most two points.
⇒ ( x + 1) + y 2 = 1
2
(d) If L has more than one element, then L has infinite
⇒ ( x + 1) = 1 − y
2 2 elements.

⇒ x = −1 ± 1 − y 2 . 3 i π π
18. (a) z = + = cos + i sin
π 3π 2 2 6 6
16. (a, b, d) (a) arg( −1 − i ) = −π + tan −1 (1) = −π + =−
4 4 5π 5π − 3 + i
⇒ z 5 = cos + i sin =
π 6 6 2
π /2 4π 4π 1+ i 3 
and z 8 = cos + i sin = −  
−π / 2 6 6  2 
9
−π  i 3 1 3 i i 3
⇒ (1 + iz + z + iz ) =  1 +
5 8 9
− − + − + 
−(π + tan −1 t ), t < 0  2 2 2 2 2 2 
(b) f (t ) = arg( −1 + it ) =  −1
 π − tan t , t ≥ 0 1+ i 3 
9

Clearly f(t) is discontinuous at t = 0 =   = cos 3π + i sin 3π = −1

 2 

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Complex Number 39
3 + 2i sin θ  3 i  3 i
5 5
19. (a) Given z = is purely img
1 − 2i sin θ 22. (d) z =  +  +  − 
 2 2  2 2
so real part becomes zero.
Z = (eiπ / 6 )5 + (e−iπ / 6 )5
 3 + 2i sin θ   1 + 2i sin θ 
z= ×  = ei 5π / 6 + e−i 5π / 6
 1 − 2i sin θ   1 + 2i sin θ 
5π sin 5π  −5π   −5π 
(3 − 4sin 2 θ ) + i(8sin θ ) = cos +i + cos   + i sin  
z= 6 6  6   6 
i + 4sin 2 θ
5π
= 2 cos <0
Now Re( z ) = 0 6
I(z) = 0 and Re(z) <0
3 − 4sin 2 θ
=0
1 + 4sin 2 θ 3
(6 + i )3
(d)  −2 −  = −
i
23.
3  3 27
sin 2 θ =
4 −198 − 107i x + iy
= =
3 π π 2π 27 27
sin θ = ± ⇒θ = − , , Hence, y – x = 198 – 107 = 91
4 3 3 3

 π  24. (d) |z| + z = 3 + i

∵ θ ∈  − ,π  z = 3 – |z| + i
3 
Let 3 – |z| = a
then sum of the elements in A is
⇒ |z| = (3 – a)
π π 2π 2π
− + + = ⇒ z=a+i
3 3 3 3
⇒ z = a2 + 1
20. (a) Z 0 = ω or ω 2
(where ω is a non real cube root of ⇒ 9 + a2 – 6a = a2 + 1
unity) 8 4
⇒ a= =
Z 0 = 3 + 6i(ω )81 − 3i(ω )93 6 3
4 5
⇒ | z |= 3 − =
z = 3 + 3i 3 3
π z −α z −α
⇒ arg z = 25. (b) + =0
4 z +α z +α
21. (d) Let z1 and z2 be any non-zero complex number such zz + zα − α z − α 2 + zz − zα + z α − α 2 = 0
that 3|z1| = 2|z2| | z |2 = α 2 , a = ±2
3 z1 2 z 2
If z = + , then 26. (a) |z1| = 9 , | z2 – (3 + 4i) = 4
2 z 2 3 z1
C1 (0, 0) radius r1 = 9
Given 3 | z1 | = 2 | z 2 | C2(3, 4), radius r2 = 4
C1C2 = |r1 – r2 | = 5
3 z1 ∴ Circle touches internally
Now =1
2 z2 ∴ |z1 – z2|min = 0
3 z1
Let = a = cos θ + i sin θ
2 z2 P (z0)
3 z1 2 z1 27. (c)
z= +
2 z2 3 z2 C
2–i
1
= a + = 2 cos θ
a
Im( z ) = 0 | z − (2 − i) | ≥ 5

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40 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
For | z0 − 1| to be minimum, z0 = x0 + iy0 is at point P as π 2  ln (sec π x + tan π x) 7 / 6 
5/ 6

(C)  
 4 − ( z0 + z0 )   4 − 2x  ln 3  π 
shown in figure arg   = arg  =  
 z0 − z0 + 2i   2iy + 2i 
π  5π 5π 7π 7π 
 −i (2 − x)  π =  ln sec + tan − ln sec + tan  = π.
ln 3  6 6 6 6 
arg   =arg (−iλ ) = −
 y + 2  2
1 1
(∵ λ > 0) (D) Let u = ⇒ z = 1−
1− z u
1
28. (a) (A)
z
−i =
z
+i ,z ≠ 0 | z |= 1 ⇒ 1 − =1
|z| |z| 2
z ⇒ | u − 1 |=| u |
is unimodular complex number and lies on
|z| ∴ locus of u is perpendicular bisector of line segment
−i joining 0 and 1
perpendicular bisector of i and
π
z ⇒ maximum arg u approaches but will not attain.
⇒ = ±1 ⇒ z = ±1| z | 2
|z|
2i(x + iy) 2i(x + iy)
a is number Im(z) = 0. 30. (a) (A) z = =
1 − (x + iy) 2
1 − (x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy)
(B) | z + 4 | + | z − 4 |= 10
Using 1 − x 2 = y 2
z lies on an ellipse whose focus are (4, 0) and (–4, 0) and
length of major axis is 10 2ix − 2y 1
Z= =− .
⇒ 2 ae = 8 and 2 a = 10 ⇒ e = 4 / 5 | Re( z ) |≤ 5. 2y − 2ixy
2
y
1 1
(C) | w |= 2 ⇒ w = 2(cos θ + i sin θ ) ∵ −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ −1 or − ≥ 1.
y y
1
x + iy = 2(cos θ + i sin θ ) − (cos θ − i sin θ ) (B) For domain
2
8.3x − 2
3 5 x2 y2 −1 ≤ ≤1
= cosθ + i sin θ ⇒ + =1 1 − 32(x −1)
2 2 (3/ 2) 2 (5 / 2)2
3x − 3x − 2
9/4 9 16 4 ⇒ −1 ≤ ≤ 1.
e = 1−
2
= 1− = ⇒e= 1 − 32x − 2
25 / 4 25 25 5
3x − 3x − 2
(D) | w |= 1 ⇒ x + iy = cos + i sin θ + cos θ − i sin θ Case (i): −1 ≤ 0
1 − 32x − 2
x + iy = 2cosθ
(3x − 1)(3x − 2 − 1)
| Re( z ) |≤ 1,| Im( z ) = 0. ⇒ ≥0
(32x − 2 − 1)
  ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ (1, ∞).
29. (a) (A) a − b = 1 + 3 = 2
  3x − 3x − 2
| a | = b, | b | = 2 Case (ii): +1 ≥ 0
1 − 32x − 2
2 1
cos θ = = (3x − 2 − 1)(3x + 1)
2× 2 2 ⇒ ≥0
(3x .3x − 2 − 1)
π 2π 2π
θ= , but its as its opposite to side of maximum ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 1) ∪ [2, ∞).
3 3 3
length. So, x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞).
b
(C) R1 → R1 + R 3
∫ (f (x) − 3x) dx = a − b2
2
(B)
a 0 0 2
b
3 −a 2 + b 2 f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ
∫ f (x)dx = 2 (b − a 2 ) + a2 − b2 =
2

a
2 −1 − tan θ 1
⇒ f (x) = x. = 2(tan 2 θ + 1) = 2 sec 2 θ .

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Complex Number 41
3 1/ 2 15 (D) Let a = 5 − d
(D) f ′(x) = (x) (3x − 10) + (x)3 / 2 × 3 = (x)1/ 2 (x − 2)
2 2 q = 5+d
Increasing, when x ≥ 2. b = 5 + 2d
31. (a) (A) zk is 10th root of unity | q − a | = | 2d |

⇒ z k will also be 10th root of unity. 2ab ab

Given =4 =2
Take z j as z k . a+b a+b
(5 − d )(5 + 2d ) = 2(5 − d + 5 + 2d ) = 2(10 + d )
zk
(B) z1 ≠ 0 take z = , we can always find z.
z1 25 + 10d − 5d − 2d 2 = 20 + 2d
(C) z 10 − 1 = ( z − z 1 )( z − z 2 )...( z − z 9 ) 2d 2 − 3d − 5 = 0
⇒ ( z − z1 )( z − z 2 )...( z − z9 ) = 1 + z + z 2 + ... + z 9 ∀z ∈ complex 5
d = −1, d = | 2d | = 2, 5
number. 2
Put z = 1 33. (b) A = Set of points on and above the line y = 1 in the
(1 − z1 )(1 − z 2 )...(1 − z9 ) = 10. Argand plane.
(D) 1 + z1 + z 2 + ... + z9 = 0 B = Set of points on the circle, ( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 32
⇒ Re(1) + Re( z1 ) + ... + Re( z9 ) = 0 C = Re(1 − i) z = Re(1 − i) ( x + iy)
⇒ Re( z1 ) + Re( z2 ) + ... + Re( z9 ) = −1. ⇒ x= y= 2
9
2 kπ Hence ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = has only one point of intersection.
⇒ 1 − ∑ cos = 2.
k =1 10
34. (c) The points (−1,1) and (5,1) are the extremities of a
3α + β
32. (a) (A) = 3 diameter of the given circle.
2
Hence | z + 1 − i |2 + | z − 5 − i |2 = 36.
3α + β = ± 2 3 . . .(i)
35. (d) || z | − | w ||<| z − w | and | z − w | = Distance between z
Given α = 2 + 3β . . .(ii)
and w
From equation (i) and (ii), we get α = 2 or − 1
z is fixed. Hence, distance between z and w would be
So |α| = 1 or 2 maximum for diametrically opposite points.
−3ax 2 − 2, x < 1 ⇒ | z −w|< 6
(B) f ( x) = 
 bx + a , x ≥ 1
2
⇒ −6 < | z | − | w | < 6
For continuity ⇒ −3 < | z | − | w | + 3 < 9.
−3a − 2 = b + a 2
36. (a) a = 2, k = 2, b = 12, c = −14
a 2 + 3a + 2 = −b . . .(i)
3 1 3
For differentiability −6 a = b = + + = 3ω + 1 + 3ω 2
ω 2
ω 12
ω −4
6 a = −b
= 3(ω + ω 2 ) + 1 = 3(−1) + 1 = −2
a 2 − 3a + 2 = 0
a = 1, 2  5
37. (5) | 2z − 6 + 5i |= 2 z −  3 − 
 2
(C) (3 − 3ω + 2ω2 )4n+3 + (2 + 3ω − 3ω2 )4n+3 + (−3 + 2ω + 3ω2 )4n+3 = 0
 5 
(3−3ω + 2ω2 )4n+3 + (ω(2ω2 +3−3ω))4n+3 + (ω2 (−3ω + 2ω2 +3)4n+3 = 0 ≥ 2 3 −  3 − i  (corresponding Pt A)
 2 
⇒ (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (1 + ω 4 n + ω 8n ) = 0
5
= 2  = 5
⇒ n ≠ 3k , k ∈ N 2

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42 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
38. (3) The expression may not attain integral value for all a, b, c (−ω )r ω 2 s  (−ω ) r ω 2 s 
If we consider a = b = c, then x = 3a ⇒ P2 =  2s  
 ω ω r   ω 2s ω r 
y = a(1 + ω + ω 2 ) = a(1 + i 3)
ω 2 r + ω 4 s (−1)r ω 2 s + r + ω r + 2 s   −1 0 
=  
z = a(1 + ω 2 + ω ) = a(1 + i 3) (−1) ω
r 2s+r
+ ω r +2s ω 2r + ω 4s   0 −1
∴ | x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 ω 2 r + ω 4 s = −1, (( −1) r + 1) ω 2 s + r = 0
= 9 | a |2 +4 | a |2 +4 | a |2 = 17 | a |2 r , s ∈ {1, 2, 3}
Second equation represent r = 1, 3
| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 17
∴ = Case (i): r = 1
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 3
Note: However if ω = e i(2π / 3) , ⇒ ω 4 s = −1 − ω 2 = ω
then the value of the expression = 3. ⇒ s =1
Case (ii): r = 3
12 kπ π
ω 4 s = −1 − 1 = −2. No value of s is possible
i i
Σ e 7
e 7 −1 ⇒
k =1
12 Total number of ordered pairs ( r , s ) = 1
39. (4) π
= =4
3
i (4 k − 2)
i 3
Σ e e −1 7
k =1 41. (3) | a + bω + cω 2 |2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca
1
40. (1) z = ω (where ω is cube root of unit) = [(a − b) 2 + (b − c) 2 + (c − a) 2 ]
2
(−ω )r ω 2 s  it will be minimum when a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
P =  2s 
 ω ωr  So, minimum value is 3.

  

@iitjeehelps
Matrices and Determinants 43

4 Matrices and Determinants

QUICK LOOK a b c

∆= d e f = aA + bB + cC
Minors and Cofactors of Elements of a Determinant
g h i

In determinants of order 3 or more, every element has a
minor and a cofactor. e f d f d e
=a −b +c
a b c h i g i g h

In the determinant d e f of the third order, the minor = a (ei − fh) − b( di − fg ) + c( dh − eg )
g h i b c a c a b
Similarly, ∆ = dD + eE + fF = − d +e −f
e f h i g i g h
of a = which is a determinant of the second order
h i d e a b a b
∆ = cC + fF + iI = c −f +i , etc.
and is obtained by removing all elements of the g h g h d e
determinant that fall on the horizontal and vertical lines
Note: A determinant having all element in a row (or column) equal
a c
drawn through a. Similarly, the minor of e = . to 0, has the value zero.
g i
a1 b1 c1 d1
a1 b1 c1 d1
a b2 c2 d2
a2 b2 c2 d2
∆= 2 = a1 A1 + b1 B1 + c1C1 + d1 D1

In the determinant of the fourth order, the a3 b3 c3 d3
a3 b3 c3 d3
a4 b4 c4 d4
a4 b4 c4 d4
b2 c2 d2 a2 c2 d2 a2 b2 d2 a2 b2 c2
b2 c2 d2
∆ = a1 b3 c3 d 3 − b1 a3 c3 d 3 + c1 a3 b3 d 3 − d1 a3 b3 c 3
minor of a1 = b3 c3 d 3 which is a determinant of the b4 c4 d4 a4 c4 d4 a4 b4 d4 a4 b4 c4
b4 c4 d4
where each of the third order determinant is to be expanded.
third order and it is expanded as in case of determinants of
third order. Reduction and Increase of Order of a Determinant

If all the element in a row (or a column), except one

The cofactor of an element = (−1)r + c × minor, where r and c
element, are zeros the determinant reduces to a determinant
denote the number of the row and the column respectively of an order less by one.
to which the element belongs.
A determinant can be replaced by a determinant of a higher
a b c order by one.

In the determinant d e f , the cofactor of a = (−1)1+1.
Properties of Determinants
g h i (i) A determinant can be transformed without changing value
e f a b by any one of the following properties (these properties hold
; the cofactor of f ( −1) 2 + 3 . . for determinants of all orders):
h i g h

Corresponding rows and columns can be interchanged.

The cofactor of an element is denoted by the corresponding
Symbolically, ∆ = ∆ R = C .
capital letters. G = cofactor of g = ( −1) 3+1 . |be cf | . Similarly,

Two consecutive rows (or columns) can be interchanged by
we get the cofactor of an element in case of determinants of multiplying the changed determinant by (–1). Symbolically,
fourth or higher order.
D = DRi ⇌ R j+1 (or – DC j ⇌C j +1 )

Expansion of a Determinant
If a factor is common in all elements of a row (or column),

the factor can be taken outside the determinant.
a b

= ad − bc ( = value of the determinant). Symbolically, ∆ = m ·∆ 1
c d Ri →
m
Ri

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44 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

m times of the element of a row (or column) can be added to a1 b1 c1
the corresponding element of another row (or column). a2 b2 c2
Symbolically, d1 + d 2 + d 3 e1 + e2 + e3 f1 + f 2 + f 3
∆ = ∆ Ri → Ri + mR j (or ∆ Ci → Ci + mC j )
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
(ii) The value of a determinant reduces to zero in any one the = a2 b2 c 2 + a2 b2 c 2 + a2 b2 c2 ,
following cases.
d1 e1 f1 d2 e2 f2 d3 e3 f3

The value is zero if all the element in a row (or column) are
decomposing along the third row.
zeros.

The value is zero if any two rows (or column) are identical. Product of Two Determinants
Symbolically,
Two determinants of the same order can be multiplied and
∆ Ri ≡ R j = 0 or ∆ Ci ≡ C j = 0 the product is also a determinant of the same order. The rule
is as displayed by the illustrations.
Properties of Cofactors of a Determinant
a1 b1 c1 x1 y1 z1

The sum of the products of element of a row (or column)

If ∆1 = a2 b2 c2 and ∆ 2 = x2 y2 z2
with their corresponding cofactors is equal to the value of
a3 b3 c3 x3 y3 z3
the determinant.

The sum of the products of elements of a row (or column) then ∆1 .∆ 2 can be found if any one of the two ways given
with the cofactors of the corresponding elements of another below.
row (or column) is equal to 0. a1 b1 c1 x1 y1 z1
(i) ∆1·∆ 2 = a2 b2 c 2 . x2 y2 z2
Sum of Determinants, a Determinant as Sum of Determinants
a3 b3 c3 x3 y3 z3
a1 b1 c1 d1 b1 c1

Let ∆1 = a2 b2 c2 , ∆ 2 = d 2 b2 c2 a1 x1 + b1 x2 + c1 x3 a1 y1 + b1 y2 + c1 y3 a1 z1 + b1 z 2 + c1 z3
a3 b3 c3 d3 b3 c3 = a2 x1 + b2 x2 + c2 x3 a2 y1 + b2 y2 + c2 y3 a2 z1 + b2 z2 + c2 z3
a3 x1 + b3 x2 + c3 x3 a3 y1 + b3 y2 + c3 y3 a3 z1 + b3 z 2 + c3 z3
be two third order determinants which have 3–1 (one less than is obtained by using sum of products of element in rows of the
the common order) columns identical. Then their addition is first and the column of the second, pattern being as follows:
also a determinant of the third order given by For the first row of the product, the element in the different
a1 + d1 b1 c1 columns are shown below.
∆1 + ∆ 2 = a2 + d 2 b2 c2 Similarly for other rows.
a3 + d 3 b3 c3 1 2 3
a1 b1 c 1 x 1 x 1 x

Similarly, if ∆ 3 = a2 e2 f 2 then
a1 b1 c1 x1 y1 z1
a3 b3 c3
(ii) ∆1·∆ 2 = a2 b2 c 2 · x2 y2 z2 =
a1 b1 c1 a3 b3 c3 x3 y3 z3
∆1 + ∆3 = a2 + d 2 b2 + e2 c2 + f 2
a1 x1 + b1 y1 + c1 z1 a1 x2 + b1 y2 + c1 z 2 a1 x3 + b1 y3 + c1 z3
a3 b3 c3
a2 x1 + b2 y1 + c2 z1 a2 x2 + b2 y2 + c2 z 2 a3 x3 + b3 y3 + c3 z3
But ∆ 2 + ∆ 3 cannot be found like this. a3 x1 + b3 y1 + c3 z1 a3 x2 + b3 y2 + c3 z 2 a3 x3 + b3 y3 + c3 z3

A determinant having two or more terms in the element of a This is also obtained by interchanging rows and columns of the
row (or column) can be written as the sum of two or more post-multiplier in (i) and then multiplying as in (i).
determinants as follows:
a1 + b1 c1 d1 a1 c1 d1 b1 c1 d1 Derivative of a Determinant
a2 + b2 c2 d 2 = a2 c2 d 2 + b2 c2 d2 , A determinant can be differentiated in any one of the two ways
a3 + b3 c3 d3 a3 c3 d3 b3 c3 d3 given below.

Expand the determinant and then differentiate the expression.
decomposing along the first column.

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 Matrices and Determinants 45
u ( x) v( x) w( x ) Multiple Choice Questions

If ∆ ( x ) = p ( x ) q ( x ) r ( x ) then One and More than One Correct
λ ( x) µ( x ) ν ( x ) 1. The number of 3 × 3 matrices A whose entries are either 0
u ′( x ) v ′( x ) w′( x ) u ( x ) v ( x ) w( x ) u ( x ) v( x) w( x )
 X  1 
∆ ′( x ) = p ( x ) q ( x) r ( x ) + p ′( x ) q ′( x ) r ′( x ) + p ( x ) ) 1 and for which system A  y  =  0  has exactly two
q ( x ) r ( xto
   
λ ( x) µ( x ) ν ( x) λ ( x) µ( x ) ν ( x ) λ ( x) µ ( x) ν ( x)  z   0 
( x ) v ( x ) w( x ) u ( x ) v ( x ) w( x ) distinct solutions, is [JEE 2010 P-I]
( x) q ( x) r ( x) + p( x) q( x) r ( x) a. 0 b. 2 − 1
9

( x ) µ( x ) ν ( x ) λ ′( x ) µ′( x ) ν ′( x ) c. 168 d. 2
This differentiation can also be done column wise.
2. Let M and N be two 3 × 3 non-singular skew-symmetric
Cremer’s Rule for Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations
matrices such that MN = NM. If p T denotes the transpose

The solution of the linear equations
a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 
of P, then M 2 N 2 (M T N) −1 (MN −1 )T is equal to
 b. − N 2
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0  ...(A) is given by a. M 2 [JEE 2011 P-I]
a3 x + b3 y + c3 z + d 3 = 0  c. − M 2
d. MN
x −y z −1 3. Let ω ≠ 1 be a cube root of unity and S be the set of all
= = =
b1 c1 d1 a1 c1 d1 a1 b1 d1 a1 b1 c1  1 a b
b2 c2 d2 a2 c2 d 2 a2 b2 d2 a2 b2 c2  
non-singular matrices of the form  ω 1 c  , where
b3 c3 d3 a3 c3 d3 a3 b3 d3 a3 b3 c3 ω 2 ω 1 

Denoting the determinants in the denominators by each of a, b and is either ω or ω 2 . Then the number of
∆ x , ∆ y , ∆ z and ∆ respectively, distinct matrices in the set S is [JEE 2011 P-II]
x −y z −1 −∆ x ∆y −∆ z a. 2 b. 6 c. 4 d. 8
= = = ; x= ,y= =z=
∆x ∆ y ∆z ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
4. Let P = [aij ] be a 3 × 3 matrix and let Q = [bij ], where
Number of Solutions of a System of Linear Equations bij = 2i + j aij for 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 3. If the determinant of P is 2,
For the above system of linear equations (A),
then the determinant of matrix Q is [JEE 2012 P-I]

∆ ≠ 0 ⇒ the system has unique solution (independent 10 11 12
a. 2 b. 2 c. 2 d. 213
system)

∆ = 0 but at least one of ∆ x , ∆ y , ∆ z ≠ 0 5. If P is a 3 × 3 matrix such that PT = 2 P + I , where P T is
⇒ the system has no solution (unsolvable or inconsistent he transpose of P and I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix, then
system)  x  0 
there exists a column matrix X =  y  ≠ 0  such that

∆ = 0 = ∆ x = ∆ y = ∆ z ⇒ the system has infinite solution
 z  0 
(dependent system)
[JEE 2012 P-II]
Condition for Consistency and Existence of Nontrivial Solution 0

The system of linear equation ar x + br y + cr = 0; r = 1, 2, 3 a. PX =  0  b. PX = X
 
are consistent if  0 
a1 b1 c1
c. PX = 2 X d. PX = − X
a2 b2 c2 = 0 . . .(i)
1 4 4 
If the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix P is  2 1 7  , then the
a3 b3 c3
6.
 

The system of homogeneous linear equations arx + bry + crz  1 1 3 
= 0; r = 1,2,3 will have nontrivial (at least one non-zero)
possible value(s) of the determinant of P is (are)
solutions if the above condition (i) is satisfied.
a. –2 b. –1 [JEE 2012 P-II]

If arx + bry + crz = 0; r = 1,2,3 have a non-trivial solution
c. 1 d. 2
then it will have infinite number of solutions.

@iitjeehelps
46 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
7. The number of values of k , for which the system of b. there is a 3× 3 non-zero matrix U such that
equations (k + 1) x + 8 y = 4k kx + (k + 3) y = 3k − 1 has no ( M + MN )U is the zero matrix
2 2

solution is [JEE Main 2013] c. determinant of ( M 2 + MN 2 ) ≥ 1

a. infinite b. 1
d. for a 3 × 3 matrix U, if ( M 2 + MN 2 )U equals the zero
c. 2 d. 3
matrix then U is the zero matrix
1 α 3
1 2 2 
8. If P =  1 3 3  is the adjoint of 3 × 3 matrix A and
14. If A =  2 1 −2  is a matrix satisfying the equation
 2 4 4 
 a 2 b 
| A | = 4, | A |= 4, then α is equal to [JEE Main 2013]
AAT = 9 I , where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then the
a. 4 b. 11
ordered pair (a, b) is equal to: [JEE Main 2015]
c. 5 d. 0
a. (2, −1) b. (−2,1)
9. For 3 × 3 matrices M and N, which of the following
c. (2,1) d. ( −2, −1)
statement(s) is (are) not correct? [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
a. N T MN is symmetric or skew symmetric, according as 15. The set of all values of λ for which the system of linear
M is symmetric or skew symmetric equations: 2 x1 − 2 x2 + x3 = λ x1 , 2 x1 − 3x2 + 2 x3 = λ x2
b. MN – NM is skew symmetric for all symmetric matrices − x1 + 2 x2 = λ x3 has a non-trivial solution,
M and N a. is an empty set [JEE Main 2015]
c. MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N b. is a singleton
d. (adj M) (adj N) = adj(MN) for all invertible matrices M c. contains two elements
and N d. contains more than two elements
10. Let ω be a complex cube root of unity with ω ≠ 1 and 16. Let X and Y be two arbitrary, 3 × 3, non-zero, skew-
i+ j
P[ Pij ] be a n × n matrix with pij = ω . Then when symmetric matrices and Z be an arbitrary 3 × 3, non-zero,
P ≠ 0, n =
2
[JEE Adv. 2013 P-II] symmetric matrix. Then which of the following matrices
a. 57 b. 55 is (are) skew symmetric? [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
c. 58 d. 56 a. Y 3 Z 4 − Z 4Y 3 b. X 44 + Y 44
11. If A is an 3 × 3 non - singular matrix such that AA′ = A′A c. X 4 Z 3 − Z 3 X 4 d. X 23 + Y 23

and B = A−1 A′, then BB′ equals: [JEE Main 2014] 17. Which of the following values of α satisfy the equation
a. 1 + B b. 1 (1 + α) 2 (1 + 2α)2 (1 + 3α)2
c. B−1 d. ( B −1 )′ (2 + α) 2 (2 + 2α)2 (2 + 3α)2 = −648α ? [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
(3 + α) 2 (3 + 2α)2 (3 + 3α)2
12. If α , β ≠ 0, and f ( n ) = α n + β n and
a. −4 b. 9
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) c. −9 d. 4
1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) = K (1 − α )
2

 5 a −b 
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4) 18. If A =   and A adj A = A A , then 5a + b is equal
T

3 2
(1 − β ) 2 (α − β ) 2 , then K is equal to: [JEE Main 2014] to: [JEE Main 2016]
1 a. –1 b. 5 c. 4 d. 13
a. αβ b.
αβ  3 −1 −2 
c. 1 d. –1 19. Let P =  2 0 α  , where α ∈ R. Suppose Q = [aij ] is a
 
13. Let M and N be two 3× 3 matrices such that MN =  3 −5 0 

NM. Further, if M ≠ N 2 and M 2 = N 4 , then matrix such that PQ = kI , where k ∈ R, k ≠ 0 and I is the
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I] k k2
identity matrix of order 3. If q23 = − and det (Q ) = ,
a. determinant of (M + MN ) is 0
2 2
8 2

@iitjeehelps
Matrices and Determinants 47
then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] x−4 2x 2x
a. α = 0, k = 8 b. 4α − k + 8 = 0 26. If 2x x − 4 2 x = ( A + Bx )( x − A) 2 , then the ordered
c. det(P adj(Q)) = 2
9
d. det(Q adj( P)) = 2
13 2x 2x x − 4
pair (A, B) is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
 1 0 0 a. (4,5) b. (–4,–5)
20. Let P =  4 1 0  and I be the identity matrix of order
  c. (–4,3) d. (–4,5)
16 4 1 
 b1 
3. If Q = [qij ] is a matrix such that P − Q = I , then
50 27. Let S be the set of all column matrices b2  such that
 
 b3 
q31 + q32
equals [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
q21 b1 , b2 , b3 ∈ ℝ and the system of equations (in real
a. 52 b. 103 c. 201 d. 205 variables)
− x + 2 y + 5 z = b1 2 x − 4 y + 3 z = b2 x − 2 y + 2 z = b3
21. Let ω be a complex number such that 2 ω + 1 = z where
has at least one solution. Then, which of the following
1 1 1
system(s) (in real variables) has (have) at least one
z = −3 . If 1 −ω2 − 1 ω2 = 3 k then k is equal to  b1 
solution for each b2  ∈ S ?
7
1 ω ω [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
 
a. –1 b. 1 [JEE Main 2017]  b3 
c. –z d. z a. x + 2 y + 3 z = b1 , 4 y + 5 z = b2 and x + 2 y + 6 z = b3
 2 −3 b. x + y + 3 z = b1 ,5 x + 2 y + 6 z = b2 and −2 x − y − 3 z = b3
22. If A =  2
 , then adj (3 A + 12 A) is equal to
 − 4 1  c. − x + 2 y − 5 z = b1 , 2 x − 4 y + 10 z = b2 and x − 2 y + 5z = b3
[JEE Main 2017] d. x + 2 y + 5 z = b1 , 2 x + 3 z = b2 and x + 4 y − 5 z = b3
 51 84   72 −63  cos α − sin α   0 −1 
a.   b.  
63 72   −84 51 
28. A=  ,(α ∈ R ) such that A32 =  .
 sin α cos α  1 0 
 72 −84   51 63  then a value of α is [JEE Main 2019]
c.   d.  
 −63 51  84 72  a. π/6 b. 0
23. Which of the following is (are) not the square of a 3 × 3 c. π/32 d. π/64
matrix with real entries? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I] 29. The greatest value of c ∈ R for which the system of linear
1 0 0  1 0 0  equations x – cy – cz = 0; cx – y + cz = 0; cx + cy – z = 0
a.  0 1 0  b.  0 1 0  has a non-trivial solution, is: [JEE Main 2019]
   
 0 0 −1  0 0 1 
a. 1/2 b. –1
c. 0 d. 2
 −1 0 0  1 0 0 
c.  0 −1 0  d.  0 −1 0  30. If the system of linear equations
   
 0 0 −1  0 0 −1 x – 2y + kz = 1; 2x + y + z = 2; 3x – y – kz = 3
has a solution (x,y,z), z ≠ 0, then (x,y) lies on the straight
24. How many 3 × 3 matrices M with entries from {0, 1, 2}
line whose equation is: [JEE Main 2019]
are there, for which the sum of the diagonal entries of a. 3x – 4y – 1 = 0 b. 3x – 4y – 4 = 0
MT M is 5? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] c. 4x – 3y – 4 = 0 d. 4x – 3y – 1 = 0
a. 162 b. 135 c. 126 d. 198
1 1 1
 c  . If
25. If the system of linear equations [JEE Main 2018] 31. Let the number 2, b, c be in an A.P. and A =  2 b
x + ky + 3z = 0; 3x + ky − 2 z = 0; 2x + 4 y − 3z = 0  4 b 2 c 2 
xz det (A)∈ [2,16], then c lies in the interval: [JEE Main 2019]
Has a non-zero solution (x,y,z), then is equal to
y2 a. [2,3) b. (2 + 23/4,4)
a. 30 b. –10 c. 10 d. –30 c. [3,2 + 23/4] d. [4,6]

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48 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
32. The system of linear equations. [JEE Main 2019] 2 b 1
x + y + z = 2 2 x + 3 y + 2 z = 5 2x + 3 y + (a − 1) z = a + 1
2  
38. Let A = b b + 1 b  where b > 0. Then the minimum
2

a. has infinitely many solutions a = 4. 1 b 2

b. is inconsistent when | a |= 3 det( A)
value of is: [JEE Main 2019]
c. is inconsistent when a = 4 b
d. has a unique solution for | a |= 3 a. 3 b. − 3
cos θ − sin θ  π c. −2 3 d. 2 3
33. If A =  then the matrix A − 5 0 when θ = ,
 sin θ cos θ  12
is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] 39. The number of values of θ ∈ (0,π) for which the system of
 3 linear equations x + 3y + 7z = 0; –x + 4y + 7z = 0
1   1 3
    (sin 3θ)x + (cos 2θ) y + 2z = 0
2 2  2 2 
a.  b. 
 1 3  3 1  has a non-trivial solution, is: [JEE Main 2019]
−  −  a. One b. Three
 2 2   2 2 
c. Four d. Two
 1 3  3 1
 −   − 
2 2  2 2 0 2q r 
c.  d. 
 3 1   1 3 40. Let A =  p 
q − r  . If AAT = I 3 , then |p| is:
    p
 2 2   2 2   − q r 

et e−1 cos t e−t sin t  1 1

a. b. [JEE Main 2019]
 t −1 −t −1 −t  2 5
34. If A = e e cos t − e sin t −e sin t + e cos t  then A is:
et 2e−t sin t −2e−1 cos t  1 1
  c. d.
[JEE Main 2019] 6 3
π 41. If the system of linear equations
a. Invertible only if t = b. not invertible for any tεR
2 2x + 2y + 3z = a
c. invertible for all tεR d. invertible only t = R 3x – y + 5z = b
35. If the system of linear equations [JEE Main 2019] x – 3y + 2z = c
x – 4y + 7z = g; 3y – 5z = h; –2x + 5y – 9z = k where a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, has more then
is consistent, then: one solution, then: [JEE Main 2019]
a. g + h + k = 0 b. 2g + h + k = 0 a. b – c – a = 0 b. a + b + c = 0
c. g + h + 2k = 0 d. g + 2h + k = 0 c. b + c – a = 0 d. b – c + a = 0
36. If the system of equations [JEE Main 2019] 42. Let A and B be two invertible matrices of order 3 × 3. If
x + y + z = 5; x + 2y + 3z = 9; x + 3y + αz = β det(ABAT) = 8 and det(AB–1) = 8, then det (BA–1 BT) is
has infinitely many solutions, then β – α equals: equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
a. 5 b. 18 c. 21 d. 8 a. 16 b. 1/16
37. Let d ∈ R and [JEE Main 2019] c. 1/4 d. 1
 −2 4+d (sin θ ) − 2 
  a −b −c 2a 2a
A=1 (sin θ ) + 2 d  2
43. If 2b b−c−a 2b = (a + b + c)(x + a + b + c) ,
 5 (2 sin θ ) − d ( − sin θ ) + 2 + 2d 
2c 2c c −a −b
θ ∈[0, 2π]. If the minimum value of det (A) is 8, then a
x ≠ 0 and a + b + c ≠ 0, then x is equal to:
value of d is:
[JEE Main 2019]
a. –7 b. 2( 2 + 2)
a. –(a + b + c) b. 2(a + b + c)
c. –5 d. 2( 2 + 1) c. abc d. –2(a + b + c)

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Matrices and Determinants 49
44. An ordered pair (α, β ) for which the system of linear 2 x x
equations (1 + α) x + β y + z = 2, αx + (1 + β )y + z = 3, αx a. det R = det  0 4 0  + 8 for all x ∈ R
 
+ β y + 2z = 2 has a unique solution is [JEE Main 2019]  x x 5 
a. (1, –3) b. (–3, 1) c. (2, 4) d. (–4, 2)
b. for x = 1 there exists a unit vector aiˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ for
1 0 0  α   0 
45. Let P = 3 1 0  and Q = [qij] be two 3×3 matrices such that
9 3 1  which are R  β  =  0 
   
Q − P5 = I3. Then q21 + q31 is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]  γ   0 
q32
1  1 
c. for x = 0 if R  a  = 6  a  then a + b = 5
a. 15 b. 9
c. 135 d. 10    
 b   b 
46. The set of all values of λ for which the system of linear d. there exists a real number x such that PQ= QP
equations. [JEE Main 2019]
x – 2y – 2z = λx 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
x + 2y + z = λy 50. Let P1 =  0 1 0  , P2 =  0 0 1  , P3 =  1 0 0  ,
   
–x – y = λz 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
     
has a non-trivial solution.
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
a. contains more than two elements      
P4 =  0 0 1  , P5 =  1 0 0  , P6 =  0 1 0  , and
b. is a singleton 1 0 0    
c. is an empty set   0 1 0 1 0 0
d. contains exactly two elements 6  2 1 3
 
 sin 4 θ −1 − sin 2 θ  −1
X = ∑ Pk  1 0 2  Pk T . Where Pk T is transpose of
47. M =  = α I + β M , where α = α (θ ) k =1 3 2 1
 
1 + cos θ cos θ 
2 4

and β = β (θ ) are real numbers and I is an identity matrix matrix Pk . Then which of the following options is/are
correct? [JEE Adv. 2019 P.II]
of 2 × 2. If α* = Min of set {α (θ ) : θ ∈ [0, 2π )} and β * =
a. X is a symmetric matrix
Min of set {β (θ ) : θ ∈ [0, 2π )} then value of α * + β * is
 1  1
M =  sin θ2
 −1 − sin 2 θ  = α I + β M −1 b. If X  1 = α 1 , then α = 30
4

1 + cos θ cos 4 θ     
 1  1
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
c. X − 30 I is an invertible matrix
−37 −17
a. b. d. The sum of diagonal entries of X is 18.
16 16
−31 −29 Matrix Match /Column Match
c. d.
16 16
51. Consider the following linear equations
0 1 2 α  1 
48. If a matrix M is given by 1 2 3 and if M  β  =  2  , ax + by + cz = 0 [JEE 2007 P-I]
3 1 1   γ   3  bx + cy + az = 0
then [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
cx + ay + bz = 0
a. adj( M −1 ) + (adjM ) −1 = − M b. | adj( M 2 ) | = 81
Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with
c. α + 2 β + 3γ = 2 d. β + 2γ = 3
statements in Column II
1 1 1  2 x x Column I Column II
49. P = 0 2 2 Q =  0 4 0  and R = PQP −1 then which
 
(A) a + b + c ≠ 0 and 1. The equations
   
 0 0 3   x x 6  a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ca represent planes
are correct meeting only at a
[JEE Adv. 2019 P.II] single point.

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50 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(B) a + b + c = 0 and 2. The equations 53. Match the statements given in Column I with the
represent the line interval/union of intervals given in Column II
a + b + c ≠ ab + bc + ca
2 2 2

x = y = z. [JEE 2011 P-II]

Column I Column II
(C) a + b + c ≠ 0 and 3. The equations
 2iz   1. (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞)
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≠ ab + bc + ca represent (A) The set Re  2 
: z is a
  1 − z 
identical planes.
complex number,
(D) a + b + c = 0 and 4. The equations
| z |= 1, z ≠ ±1 is
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ca represent the
whole of the three (B) The domain of the function 2. (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
x −2
dimensional f (x) = sin −1  8(3)2 ( x −1)  is
space. 1− 3 
a. A→3; B→2; C→1; D→4 1 tanθ 1 3. [2, ∞)
b. A→1; B→2; C→3; D→4 (C) If f(θ) = − tanθ 1 tanθ ,
c. A→3; B→1; C→2; D→4 −1 − tanθ 1
d. A→3; B→4; C→2; D→1 then the set
52. Match the Statements/Expressions in Column I with the  π
f (θ ) : 0 ≤ θ <  is
Statements/Expressions in Column II [JEE 2008 P-II]  2
Column I Column II (D) If f (x) = x (3x − 10),
3/ 2 4. (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞ )
(A) The minimum value of 1. 0
x ≥ 0, then f(x) is
x2 + 2x + 4
is increasing in
x+2
5. (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞)
(B) Let A and B be 3 × 3 2. 1
matrices of real numbers, a. A→ 4; B→ 5; C→ 3; D→ 3
where A is symmetric, B is b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
skew symmetric, and (A+B) c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
(A–B) = (A–B) = (A+B). If d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1

( AB)t = (−1)k AB, where Statement or Assertion & Reason

t
( AB) is the transpose of the
54. Consider the system of equations
matrix AB, then the possible
x − 2 y + 3 z = −1 − x + y − 2 z = k x − 3 y + 4 z = 1
values of k are
Statement-I: The system of equations has no solution for
(C) Let a = log 3 log 3 2. An 3. 2
k ≠ 3.
integer k satisfying and
( − k +3− a )
1< 2 < 2, must be 1 3 −1
less than Statement-II: The determinant for −1 −2 k ≠ 0, for
(D) If sin θ + cos φ , then the 4. 3 1 4 1
possible value of k ≠ 3. [JEE 2008 P- I]
1 π a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
θ ±φ −  are
π  2 is a correct explanation for Statement-I
a. A→3; B→ 2,4; C→ 3,4; D→ 1,3 b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

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Matrices and Determinants 51
Paragraph Paragraph for Question No. 61 to 63
Paragraph for Question No. 55 to 57 Let p be an odd prime number and Tp be the following set of

1 0 0   a b  
2 × 2 matrices: Tp =  A =  : a, b, c∈ {0,1,..., p − 1}
A =  2 1 0  , ifU1,U2 and U3 are columns matrices satisfying. 
 c a 
 3 2 1  [JEE 2010 P-I]
[JEE 2006] 61. The number of A in Tp such that A is either symmetric or
1  2 2
skew-symmetric or both, and det (A) divisible by p is
AU1 =  0 , AU 2 =  3  , AU 3 =  3  and U is 3 × 3 matrix whose
   
a. ( p −1) c. ( p −1) + 1 d. 2 p − 1
2 2
b. 2( p − 1)
 0  0   1 
62. The number of A in Tp such that the trace of A is not
columns are U1 , U 2 , U 3 then answer the following questions.
divisible by p but det (A) is divisible by p is [Note: The
55. The value of | U | is
trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.]
a. 3 b. –3
a. ( p − 1)( p − p + 1) b. p − ( p −1)
2 3 2
c. 3/2 d. 2
c. ( p − 1) d. ( p −1)( p − 2)
2 2

56. The sum of the elements of U −1 is

a. –1 b. 0 63. The number of A in Tp such that det (A) is not divisible by p is

b. P − 5P
3
c. 1 d. 3 a. 2 P 2
3 c. P − 3P
3
d. P 3 − P 2
57. The value of [3 2 0] U  2  is
 
 0  Paragraph for Question No. 64
5 Let a, b and c be the three numbers satisfying
a. 5 b.
2 1 9 7 
c. 4 d.
3 [a b c]  8 2 7  = [ 0 0 0]. . .( E ) [JEE 2011 P-I]
2  7 3 7 
64. If the point P(a, b, c), with reference to (E), lies on the
Paragraph for Question No. 58 to 60
plane 2 x + y + z = 1, then the value of 7a + b + c is
Let A be the set of all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices all of whose
entries are either 0 or 1. Five of these entries are 1 and four of a. 0 b. 12 c. 7 d. 6
them are 0. [JEE 2009 P-I]
Integer & Subjective
58. The number of matrices in A is 2π 2π
a. 12 b. 6 65. Let ω be the complex number cos + i sin . Then the
3 3
c. 9 d. 3 number of distinct complex z satisfying
59. The number of matrices A in A for which the system of z +1 ω ω2
 x  1  ω z + ω2 1 = 0 is equal to [JEE 2010 P-I]
linear equations A  y  =  0  has a unique solution is ω2 1 z +ω
 z   0  66. Let k be a positive real number and let
a. less than 4 b. at least 4 but less than 7
 2k −1 2 k 2 k   0 2k − 1 k 
c. atleast 7 but less than 10 d. at least 10    
60. The number of matrices A in A for which the system of A=  2 k 1 −2k  and B = 1 − 2k 0 2 k .
   
 x  1  −2 k 2k −1   − k −2 k 0 
linear equations A  y  =  0  is inconsistent, is [JEE 2010 P-II]
 z   0 
If det (adj A) + det (adj B) = 16 6 , then [k] is equal to
a. 0 b. more than 2 [Note: adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M and
c. 2 d. 1 [k] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k].
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52 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
67. Let M be a 3× 3 matrix satisfying [JEE 2011 P-II] 4. (d) P = [aij ]
 0   −1 1 1 1  0  Q = [bij ]
M 1  =  2  , M  −1 =
 
 1  , and M
 
1 =  0  .
   bij = 2 i + k .aij
 0   3   0   −1 1 12 
Then the sum of the diagonal entries of M is b11 = 22 a11 b21 = 23.a21 b31 = 24 a31

68. The total number of distinct x∈ R for which b12 = 23 a12 b22 = 24.a22 b32 = 25 a32

x x2 1 + x3 b13 = 24 a13 b23 = 25.a22 b33 = 26 a33

2 x 4 x 2 1 + 8 x 3 = 0 is [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] a11 a12 a13
3x 9 x 2 1 + 27 x 3 Given P = a a22 a23 = 2
21

a31 a32 a33

69. For a real number α , if the system [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
 1 α α 2  x  1  2 2 a11 23 a12 2 4 a13
     Q = 2 a213 4
2 a22 25 a23
 α 1 α   y  =  −1 of linear equations, has infinitely
α 2 α 1   z   1  2 4 a31 25 a32 26 a33
 
a11 a12 a13
many solutions, then 1 + α + α 2 =
Q = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 2a21 2a22
2 3 4
2a23
70. Let P be a matrix of order 3 × 3 such that all the entries in P 22 a31 22 a32 22 a33
are from the set {–1, 0, 1}. Then, the maximum possible
a11 a12 a13
value of the determinant of P is ____. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
Q = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 a21 a22
2 3 4 2 1
a23
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS a31 a32 a33

1. (a) Three planes cannot intersect at two distinct points. Q = 22 ⋅ 23 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 22 ⋅ 21 ⋅ 21

2.
2 2 T −1 −1 T
(c) M N (M N ) (MN )
Q = 213
5. (d) P is a 3× 3 matrix
= M 2 N 2 ( N −1 (M T )−1 ) (( N −1 )T M T )
PT = 2P + I
= M 2 N 2 N −1 (−M T ) ( N T )−1 (−M )
a b c a α l 
= M 2 N ( N N −1 ) (−M )−1 (− N )−1 (−M )    
Let P = α β γ  P = b β m
T

= M 2 N (1) ((− N ) (−M ))−1 (−M )  l m n   c γ n 

= M 2 N ( NM )−1 (−M ) PT = 2P + I
a α l   2a 2c  1 0 0 
2b
= M (MN ) (MN )−1 (−M ) b β
 m  =  2α 2β 2γ  + 0 1 0 
= M (1) (− M ) = −M 2  c γ n   2l 2m 2n  0 0 1 

3. (a) For being non-singular a α l   2a + l 2b 2c 

b β m  =  2α 2β + 1 2γ 
1 a b 
ω 1 c ≠0  c γ n   2 l 2m 2n + 1
ω2 ω 1 a = 2a + 1
⇒ a = −1
⇒ acω2 − (a + c) ω + 1 ≠ 0
β = 2 β + 1 ⇒ β = −1
Hence number of possible triples of (a, b, c) is 2. n = 2n + 1
i.e. (ω, ω , ω)
2
⇒ n = −1
and (ω , ω , ω ). 2b = α , b = 2α . It is possible when b = α = 0

@iitjeehelps
Matrices and Determinants 53
Similarly, c = l = 0 and m = γ = 0 ω ω ω 2 3 4
… ω n+2

 3 n+3 
 −1 0 0  ω ω 4
ω5 … ω
10. (b,c,d) P =  
The matrix P is  0 −1 0  ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 
   n+ 2 
 0 0 −1 ω ω n+3 … … ω 2n + 4

So, PX = − X ω 4 + ω 6 … ω5 + ω7 + ω9 … … 
 5 
ω + ω 7 + ω9 … … … …
1 4 4  P2 =  
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ … 
6. (a,d) adj P =  2 1 7  ⇒ | adj P | = 4  n+4 
  ω + ω …
n +6
… … ω 2n+ 4
+ω 2n +6
…
 1 1 3 
P = Null matrix if n is a multiple of 3
2

We know, | adj P | = | P |n −1 (where n is order of matrix)

11. (b) BBT = ( A −1 AT )( A −1 AT )T
⇒ | adj P | = | P |2
= ( A −1 AT )( A ⋅ ( A −1 )T )
⇒ 4 =| P| 2

= A −1 ⋅ ( AT A)( A −1 )T
⇒ |P|=± 2
= A −1 ( AAT )( A −1 )T
k +1 8 = ( A − 1 A ) AT ⋅ ( A − 1 )T
7. (b) ∆ = = k 2 + 4 k + 3 − 8k
k k +3
= AT ⋅ ( A − 1 )T
= k − 4k + 3 = (k − 3) (k − 1)
2
= ( A − 1 A )T = 1
4k 8
∆1 = = 4k 2 + 12k − 24k + 8 1+1+1 1+α + β 1+ α 2 + β 2
3k − 1 k + 3
12. (c) 1 + α + β 1+ α 2 + β 2 1+ α 3 + β 3
= 4k 2 − 12k + 8 = 4(k 2 − 3k + 2)
1+α + β2 2
1+ α 2 + β 2 1+ α 4 + β 4
= 4(k − 2)(k − 1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
k +1 4k =1 α β ×1 α α2
∆2 = = 3k + 2k − 1 − 4k
2 2

k 3k − 1 1 α2 β2 1 β β2
= − k 2 + 2k − 1 = −( k − 1)2 as given no solution 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ ∆1 and ∆ 2 ≠ 0 =1 α α2 × 1 α α2 = 1 α α2
But ∆=0 1 β β2 1 β β2 1 β β2
⇒ k =3
= (1 − α ) 2 (α − β ) 2 ( β − 1) 2 K = 1
1 α 3
13. (a,b) M 2 = N 4
8. (b) ∵ 1 1 3 3 1 = | A |2 = 4 2
⇒ M 2 − N4 = 0
2 4 4
⇒ (M − N 2 )(M + N 2 ) = 0 (As M, N commute)
2α − 6 = 16
∴ α = 11 Also, M ≠ N 2 , Det (( M − N 2 )( M + N 2 )) = 0

9. (c, d) (a) ( N T MN )T = N T M T N = N T MN As M − N 2 is not null

if M is symmetric and is − N T MN if M is skew symmetric ⇒ Det ( M + N 2 ) = 0

(b) ( MN − NM )T = N Τ M T − M T N T Also Det ( M 2 + MN 2 ) = (Det M ) (Det( M + N 2 )) = 0
= NM − MN = −( MN − NM ). ⇒ There exist non-null U such that ( M 2 + MN 2 )U = 0
So, (MN – NM) is skew symmetric
14. (d) AAT = 9 I
(c) ( MN ) = N M = NM ≠ MN
T T T

1 2 2  1 2 a 
if M and N are symmetric.  2 1 −2   2 1 2  = 9 I
So, MN is not symmetric   
 a 2 b   2 −2 b 
(d) (adj. M ) (adj. N ) = adj ( NM ) ≠ adj( MN ).

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 54 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 9 0 a + 4 + 2b  9 0 +0 α 3 + 4α 3 + 6α = − 648α ( R1 → R1 − R2 ; R3 → R3 − R2 )
⇒  0 9 2a + 2 − 2b  ⇒  0 9 0 
 −2α 2 −5α 2 −9α 2 − 3
 a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a 2 + 4 + b 2   0 0 9  ⇒ −2α −2α 3 + 6α = − 648α
Equation a + 4 + 2b = 0 0 0 2
⇒ a + 2b = −4 . . .(i) Alterative:
and 2a + 2 − 2b = 0 1 1 1 1 2α α 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ 2a − 2b = −2 . . .(ii) ∆= 1 2 4 4 4α α 2 = − 2α 1 2 4 4 2 1 = − 2α 3 1 2 4 1
a2 + 4 + b2 = 0 1 3 9 9 6α α 2 1 3 9 9 3 1 1 3 9 1
⇒ a +b =5
2 2
α α . . .(iii)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solving a = −2, b ∆
= −=1 α α 2
= − 2α 1 2 4 4 2 1 = − 2α 3
1 2 4 1 2 4 = −2α 3 × 4
15. (c) (2 − λ ) x1 − 2 x2 + x3 = 0 α α 1 3 9 9 3 1 1 3 9 1 3 9
2 x1 − (3 + λ ) x2 + 2 x3 = 0 ⇒ −8α 3 = −648α ⇒ α = ± 9
− x1 + 2 x2 − λ x3 = 0
18. (b) | A | I = AAT
Non-trivial solution
1 0  5a −b   5a 3 
2−λ −2 1 ⇒ (10a + 3b)  =  
∆=0 2 −3 − λ 2 = 0 0 1   3 2   −b 2
−1 2 −λ ⇒ 25a 2 + b2 = 10a + 3b
& 15a − 2b = 0 & 10a + 3b = 13
⇒ (2 − λ ){3λ + λ 2 − 4} + 2 ⋅ {−2λ + 2} + (4 − 3 − λ ) = 0
3.15a
⇒ (6λ + 2λ 2 − 8 − 3λ 2 − λ 3 + 4λ ) − 4λ + 4 + 1 − λ = 0 ⇒ 10a + = 13
2
⇒ − λ 3 − λ 2 − 5λ + 3 = 0 ⇒ 65a = 2 ×13
x 3 − λ 2 + 2λ 2 − 2λ − 3λ + 3 = 0
2
λ 2 (λ − 1) + 2λ (λ − 1) − 3(λ − 1) = 0 ⇒ a=
5
(λ − 1)(λ 2 + 2λ − 3) = 0 ⇒ 5a = 2
(λ − 1)(λ + 3)(λ − 1) = 0 ⇒ λ = 1, 1, − 3 ⇒ 2a = 6
⇒ b=3
16. (c,d) (Y 3 Z 4 − Z 4Y 3 )T
∴ 5a + b = 5
= ( Z T ) 4 (Y T )3 − (Y T )3 ( Z T ) 4
−1
19. (b,c) As PQ = kI ⇒ Q = kP I
= − Z 4Y 3 + Y 3 Z 4
⇒ symmetric k
Now Q = ( adj P ) I
|P|
X 44 + Y 44 is symmetric
− − −  1 0 0 
X 4 Z 3 − Z 3 X 4 skew symmetric Q=
k  − − ( −3α − 4)   0 1 0 
⇒
(20 + 12α )   
X 23 + Y 23 skew symmetric.  − − −   0 0 1 
17. (b, c) We get −k
∵ q23 =
(1 + α) (1 + 2α) (1 + 3α)
2 2 2
8
3 + 2α 3 + 4α 3 + 6α = − 648α ( → − ; → − ) −k −k
⇒ ( − 3α − 4) =
5 + 2α 5 + 4α 5 + 6α (20 + 12α ) 8
⇒ 2(3α + 4) = 5 + 3α
+ 4α 3 + 6α = − 648α ( R3 → R3 − R2 ; R2 → R2 − R1 )
⇒ 3α = − 3
α 2 − 2 4α 2 − 2 9α 2 − 2 ⇒ α = −1
3 + 2α 3 + 4α 3 + 6α = − 648α ( → − ; → − )
k3 | I |
2 2 2 Also | Q |=
|P|

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Matrices and Determinants 55
k 2
k 3
 2 −3 
⇒ = 22. (d) Given A =  
2 (20 + 12α )  −4 1 
⇒ (20 + 12α ) = 2k  16 −9 
⇒ 3 A2 =  
⇒ 8 = 2k  −12 13 
⇒ k =4  24 −36 
⇒ 12 A =  
(a) is incorrect.  −48 12 
(b) is correct
 72 −63
2 ∴ 3 A2 + 12 A =  
(c) P (adjQ ) = P adj Q = P Q = 2 2 (23 ) 2 = 29 correct.  −84 51 
2
(d) Q(adj P) = Q adj P = Q P = 22 (23 ) 2 = 29 incorrect.  51 63
adj (3 A2 + 12 A) =  
84 72 
 1 0 0
23. (a,c)
20. (b) P =  4 1 0 
16 4 1   a1 b1 c1 
 1 0 24. (d) Let M =  a2 b2 c2 
0  
⇒ P = 2  0  ,  a3 b3 c3 
 8 1
16(1 + 2) 8 1  tr  M T M  = ( a12 + b12 + c12 ) + ( a22 + b22 + c22 ) + ( a32 + b32 + c32 )
 1 0 0 ∴ Five of 9 number is 1 rest are zero or two are 2, 1 and rest
3
P = 12 1 0  zero.
16(1 + 2 + 3) 12 1  ∴ Number of ( 3 × 3 ) metrices
 1 0 0 = 9C5 ×1 + 9C2 × 2 ×1 = 126 + 72 = 198.
 θ
⇒ P 50 = 4 × 50 1 0 
2 25. (c) ∵ System of equation has non-zero solution.
16(1 + 2 + ... + 50) 4 × 50 1 
1 k 3
 1 0 0
∴
 3 k −2 = 0
P 50 =  200 1 0  ∵ P50 − Q = 1
2 4 −3
 20400 200 1 
⇒ 44 − 4k = 0
 1 0 0   q11 q12 q13   1 0 0 
 200 ∴ k = 11
⇒
 1 0  −  q21 q22 q23  =  0 1 0 
Let z =λ
 20400 200 1   q31 q32 q33   0 0 1 
∴ x + 11y = −3λ
⇒ 200 − q21 = 0 ⇒ q21 = 200
And 3x + 11y = 2λ
20400 − q31 = 0
5λ λ
⇒ q31 = 20400 ∴ x= ,y = − ,z = λ
2 2
and 200 − q32 − 0
5λ
⇒ q32 = 200 ⋅λ
xz 2
∴ = = 10
q31 + q32 20400 + 200 y 2  λ 2
∴ = = 103 − 
q21 200  2
21. (b) Here ω is complex cube root of unity x−4 2x 2x
3 0 0 26. (d) ∆ = 2 x x−4 2x
2x 2x x−4
R1 → R1 + R2 + R3 = 1 −ω2 − 1 ω2
1 ω ω x = −4 makes all three row identical

= 3(−1 − ω − ω) = −3z Hence ( x + 4) 2 will be factor

Also, C1 → C1 + C2 + C2
⇒ k = −z

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56 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
5x − 4 2x 2x ⇒ Not every (b1 , b2 , b3 ) of (i) gives solution to the system of
∆ = 5x − 4 x−4 2x equations of option (c).
5x − 4 2x x−4 (d) ∆ ≠ 0 ⇒ every set of values of (i) provides atleast a
⇒ 5x − 4 is a factor, ∆ = λ ( x − 4)( x + 4) 2 solution of system of option (d).

∴ B = 5, A = −4  cos α − sin α 
28. (d) A = 
 sin α cos α 
27. (a, b)Given system of equations can be written as
 −1 2 5   x  b1   cos α − sin α   cos α − sin α 
A2 = 
      sin α cos α   sin α cos α 
 2 −4 3   y  = b2  ⇒ AX = B
 1 −2 2   z  b3   cos 2α − sin 2α 
=
−1 2 5 b1  −1 2 5 b1   sin 2α cos α 
     cos 2α − sin 2α   cos α − sin α 
[ A | B ] =  2 −4 3 b2  −  0 0 6 b1 + b2 − b3  A3 = 
 1 −2 2 b3   0 0 7 b1 + b3   sin 2α cos α   sin α cos α 

 cos 3α − sin 3α 
 b1  =
 −1 2 5   sin 3α cos α 
13
−  0 0 0 b1 + b2 − b3 
 7   cos32α − sin 32α   0 −1
Similarly A32 =  =
0 0 7
b1 + b3

 sin 32α cos α  1 0 
 
b1 13b3 cos 32α = 0 and sin 32α = 1
For solution of this system, + b2 − =0
7 7 π
32α = (4n + 1) , n ∈ I
⇒ b1 + 7b2 − 13b3 = 0 ⇒ (b1 , b2 , b3 ) = ( −7 K 2 + 13K3 , K 2 , K3 ) 2
where K2 , K3 ∈ R π
. . . (i) α = (4n + 1) ,n∈ I
64
(a) ∆ ≠ 0 ⇒ any possible set of (b1 , b2 , b3 ) would give a
π
solution. α= for n = 0
64
⇒ every set of values of (i) provides at least a solution of
system of option (a). 29. (a) for non trivial solution D = 0

 1 1 3 b1   1 1 3 b1  1 −c −c
    c −1 c = 0
(b)  5 2 6 b2  −  3 0 0 −2b1 + b2 
 −2 −1 −3 b3   −1 0 0 b1 + b3  c c −1
⇒ 2c 3 − 3c 2 − 1 = 0
1 1 3 b1 
  ⇒ (c + 1)2 (2c −1) = 0
−  0 0 0 b1 + b2 + 3b3 
 −1 0 0 b1 + b3  1
∴ Greatest value of c is
2
For solution of this system, b1 + b2 + 3b3 = 0
30. (c) x – 2y + kz = 1 . . . (i)
⇒ (b1 , b2 , b3 ) = ( − K 2 − 3 K3 , K 2 , K3 ), K 2 , K3 ∈ R . . . (ii) 2x + y + z = 2 . . . (ii)
Obviously, the set represented by (i) is not contained in (ii). 3x – y – kz = 3 . . . (iii)
⇒ This system doesn’t have solution for every set of (1) + (3)
(b1 , b2 , b3 ) of (i). ⇒ 4x – 3y = 4
(c)Equations are of parallel planes or identical planes. For 2+c
31. (d) put b = in determinant of A
solution, these planes should be identical for that, 2
(b1 , b2 , b3 ) = ( − K 3 , 2 K 3 , K 3 ) . . . (iii) c 3 − 6 c 2 + 12 c − 8
| A |= ∈ [2,16]
4
Every such value of (b1 , b2 , b3 ) is contained in (i) but not
⇒ (c – 2)3 ∈ [8, 64]
every value of (b1 , b2 , b3 ) of (i) is present in (iii). ⇒ c∈ [4,6]

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Matrices and Determinants 57
1 1 1 0 0 1
32. (b) D = 2 3 2 = a2 − 3 ⇒ −1 −1 3 = 0
2 3 a2 −1 β − 15 −2 5

2 1 1 ⇒ 2 + β − 15 = 0
D1 = 5 3 2 = a2 − a + 1 ⇒ β − 13 = 0
a + 1 3 a2 −1 on β = 13 we get Dy = Dz = 0 α = 5, β = 13
1 2 1
−2 4+d sin θ − 2
D2 = 2 5 2 = a2 − 3
37. (c) det A = 1 sin θ + 2 d
2 a + 1 a2 −1
5 2sin θ − d − sin θ + 2 + 2d
1 1 2
(R1 → R1 + R3 – 2R2)
D3 = 2 3 5 = a2 − 4
1 0 0
2 3 a2 −1
= 1 sin θ + 2 d
D = 0 at |a| = 3 but 5 2sin θ − d 2 + 2d − sin θ
D3 = ± 3 − 4 ≠ 0 = (2 + sinθ)(2 + 2d – sin θ) – d(2sinθ – d)
So, the system is inconsistent for |a| = 3 = 4 + 4d – 2sinθ + 2sinθ + 2dsinθ – sin2θ – 2dsinθ + d2
= d2 + 4d + 4 – sin2θ = (d + 2)2 – sin2θ
33. (a) Here AAT = I
For a given d, minimum value of
 cos θ sin θ 
det (A) = (d + 2)2 – 1 = 8 ⇒ d = 1 or –5
⇒ A −1 = AT = 
 − sin θ cos θ 
2 b 1
 cos( nθ ) sin( nθ ) 
Also A −n
=  38. (d) A = b b + 1 b  (b > 0)
 2

 − sin( nθ ) cos( nθ )   
 1 b 2 
 3 1 
  | A | = 2(2b 2 + 2 − b 2 ) − b(2b − b) + 1(b 2 − b 2 − 1)
 cos(50)θ sin(50)θ   2 2 
∴ A −50 = = | A | = 2(b 2 + 2) − b 2 − 1 | A |= b 2 + 3
 − sin(50)θ cos(50)θ   1 3
−  | A| 3
 2 2  = b+
b b
1 cos t sin t  1
 −1
34. (c) | A |= e 1 − cos t − sin t − sin t + cos t  b+
 ⇒ b ≥ 3 b+ 3 ≥ 2 3
1 2 sin t −2 cos t  2 b
= e − t [5 cos 2 t + 5sin 2 t ]∀t ∈ R = 5e − t ≠ 0∀t ∈ R 1 3 7
39. (d) −1 4 7 =0
35. (b) P1 ≡ x – 4y + 7z – g = 0
sin 3θ cos 2θ 2
P2 ≡ 3x – 5y – h = 0
P3≡ –2x + 5y – 9z – k = 0 (8 – 7 cos 2θ) – 3(–2 – 7 sin3θ) + 7 (– cos2θ – 4 sin3θ) = 0
Here ∆ = 0; 2P1 + P2 + P3 = 0 14 – 7 cos2θ + 21 sin3θ – 7 cos2θ – 28 sin3θ = 0
when 2g + h + k = 0 14 – 7 sin3θ – 14 cos2θ = 0
14 – 7 (3 sin θ – 4 sin3θ) – 14 (1 – 2 sin2θ) = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
–21 sinθ + 28 sin3θ + 28 sin2 θ = 0
36. (d) D = 1 2 3 = 0 1 2 = (α − 1) − 4 = (α − 5) for
7 sinθ [–3 + 4 sin2θ + 4 sinθ] = 0
1 3 α 0 2 α −1
sin θ, 4 sin2θ + 6 sinθ – 2 sinθ – 3 = 0
infinite solutions D = 0 ⇒α = 5 2 sinθ (2 sinθ + 3) – 1 (2 sinθ + 3) = 0
5 1 1 −3 1
sin θ = ; sinθ =
Dx = 0 ⇒ 9 2 3 = 0 2 2
β 3 5 Hence, 2 solutions in (0,π)

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58 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
40. (a) A is orthogonal matrix 1 0 0 0 0 0
02 + p 2 + p 2 = 1 Alterative: P =  0 1 0  +  3 0 0 
0 0 1 9 3 0
   
1
⇒ | P |=  0 0 0
2
P = I + X X =  3 0 0
9 3 0
41. (a) P1 : 2x + 2y + 3z = a  
P2 : 3x – y + 5z = b 0 0 0
X 2 =  0 0 0  X 3 = 0 P 5 = I + 5 X + 10 X 2
P3 : x – 3y + 2z = c 9 0 0
 
We find P1 + P3 = P2
⇒ a+c=b Q = P5 + I = 2I + 5 X + 10 X 2

| A| 1  2 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0
42. (b) | A | ⋅ | B | = 8 and
2
= 8 ⇒ | A | = 4 and | B | = Q =  0 2 0  + 15 0 0  +  0 0 0 
 0 0 2  15 15 0   90 0 0 
|B| 2      

∴
1 1 1
det( BA−1 ⋅ BT ) = × =  2 0 0
4 4 16 Q =  15 2 0 
135 15 2 
 
a−b−c 2a 2a
43. (d) 2b b−c−a 2b R1 → R1 + R2 + R3 λ −1 2 2
2c 2c c−a−b 46. (b) 1 2−λ 1 = 0
1 1 1
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
= 2b b−c−a 2b ⇒ (λ –1)3 = 0 ⇒ λ = 1
2c 2c c−a−b
47. (d) m = sin θ .cos θ + (1 + sin θ )(1 + cos θ )
4 4 2 2

1 0 0 2 + sin 4 θ cos 4 θ + sin 2 θ cos 2 θ

= ( a + b + c ) 2b − ( a + b + c ) 0
sin 4 θ −(1 + sin 2 θ ) 
2c 2c c −a −b 1 + cos 2 cos 4 θ 
= (a + b + c)(a + b + c) 2
= α0 α0  + β =
1
⇒ x = −2(a + b + c)   |m|

1+ α β 1  cos 4 θ (1 + sin 2 θ ) 
 − 1 − cos 2 θ sin 4 θ 
44. (c) For unique solution ∆ ≠ 0 ⇒ α 1+ β 1 ≠0
α β α +β β
2 sin 4 θ = cos 4 θ , −1 − sin 2 θ = (1 + sin 2 θ )
|m| |m|
1 −1 1
β = −|m|
0 1 −1 ≠ 0 ⇒ α + β ≠ −2
α β 2 β = −[sin 4 θ cos4 θ + sin 2 θ cos2 θ + 2] = −[t 2 + t + 2]
37
1 0 0   1 0 0 ⇒ β min = −
16
45. (c) P =  3 1 0  P 2 =  3 + 3 1 0
9 3 1  9 + 9 + 9 3 + 3 1  1
α = sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ = 1 − 2sin 2 θ cos 2 θ = 1 − (sin 2 θ )
 1 0 0 2
P 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 1 0 1
 6.9 3 + 3 + 3 1  ⇒ min α =
2
  37 1 37 8 29
 1 0 0 5  1 0 0 α +β =− + =− + =−
Pn =  3n 1 0  P =  5.3 1 0  16 2 16 16 16
 n( n + 1) 2  15.9 5.3 1  0 1 2  α  1 
 3 3n 1 
48. (a,c) 1 2 3   β  =  2 
 2 
 3 1 1   γ   3 
 2 0 0 q + q 15 + 135
Q = P5 + I3 Q =  15 2 0 21 31 = = 10 ⇒ β + 2γ = 1
135 15 2 q32 15 α + 2 β + 3γ = 2

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Matrices and Determinants 59
3α + β + γ = 3 PQ = QP ⇒ a12 for both are same
⇒ α = 1, β = −1, γ = 1 ⇒ x + 4 + x = 2 + 2x + 0 ⇒ x ∈φ
| M | = −2 ⇒ No value exist
| adj M | = | M | = | M | = 16
2 2 2 4
⇒ Option (d) is wrong
−M T −1
adj ( M −1 ) = | M −1 | M = 50. (a,b,d) Clearly P1 = P1 = P1
2
P2 = P2T = P2−1
M
(adj ( M ) −1 = adj ( M −1 ) = − .
2
.
49. (a,c) det R = det Px det Qx det( P −1 )
.
⇒ det R = det Q = 4(12 − x 2 ) = 48 − 4 x 2 P6 = P6T = P6−1
2 x x
2 1 3
Now 0 4 0 = 4(10 − x 2 ) = 40 − 4 x 2 and A = A, where A =  1 0 2 
T
 
x x 5  3 2 1 
2 x x T T T
  Using formula ( A + B) = A + B
⇒ det R = det  0 4 0  + 8∀x ∈ R
 x x 5 X T = ( P1 AP1T + ... + P6 AP6T )T = P1 AT P1T + ... + P6 AT P6T = X
 
⇒ Option (a) is correct 1
⇒ X is symmetric. Let B =  1 
At x = 1,det Q = 48 − 4 = 44 = det R
1
 
Because det R ≠ 0 so
α   0  XB = P1 AP1T B + P2 AP2T B + .... + P6 AP6T B
R  β  =  0  ⇒ α = β =γ =0 = P1 AB + PAB + ...... + P6 AB
 γ   0  6
 
So, αiˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ is not a unit vector Option (b) is wrong XB = ( P1 + P2 + ..... + P6 )  3 
6
 
1 1 1  2 0 0
 6 x 2 + 3 x 2 + 6 x 2  30 
P =  0 2 2  , Q ( x = 0) =  0 4 0 
 
=  6 x 2 + 3 x 2 + 6 x 2  = 30  = 30 B ⇒ α = 30
 0 0 3   0 0 6 
 6 x 2 + 3 x 2 + 6 x 2  30 
R = PQP −1
1 1
 2 4 6   6 −3 0  12 6 4  since X 1 = 30 1
 
 
=  0 8 12   0 3 −2  =  0 24 8 
  1  1
6 6 1 1
 0 0 18   0 0 2   0 0 36 
1
 2 1 2 / 3 ⇒ ( X − 30 I ) B = 0 has a non trivial solution B = 1
 
R =  0 4 4 / 3
1
 0 0 6 
⇒ | X − 30 I | = 0 X = P1 AP1T + ...... + P6 AP6T
 1   −4 1 2 / 3  1 
    trace ( x) = tr ( P1 AP1T ) + ........ + tr ( P6 AP6T )
( R − 6 I )  a  =  0 −2 4 / 3  a 
b  0 = (2 + 0 + 1) + ..... + (2 + 0 + 1) = 3 × 6 = 18
   0 0   b 
51. (a)
2b 4
−4 + a + = 0 −2 a + b = 0 a b c
3 3
1
8 ∆ = b c a = − (a + b + c)[(a − b)2 + (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 ]
−8 + =0 ⇒ b=3 a=2 2
9 c a b
(c) correct (A) If a + b + c ≠ 0 and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ca

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60 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ ∆ = 0 and a=b=c≠0 53. (a)
⇒ the equations represent identical planes. 2i ( x + iy ) 2i ( x + iy )
(A) z = =
(B) a + b + c = 0 and a + b + c ≠ ab + bc + ca
2 2 2 1 − ( x + iy ) 1 − ( x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy )
2

⇒ ∆=0 Using 1 − x = y
2 2

⇒ the equations have infinitely many solutions. 2ix − 2 y 1

ax + by + (a + b) z Z= =− .
2 y 2 − 2ixy y
bx + cy = (b + c) z 1 1
∵ −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ −1 or − ≥ 1.
⇒ (b − ac ) y = (b − ac ) z
2 2
⇒ y=z y y
⇒ ax + by + cy = 0 ⇒ ax = ay 8.3x −2
(B) For domain −1 ≤ ≤1
⇒ x = y = z 1 − 32( x−1)
(C) a + b + c ≠ 0 and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≠ ab + bc + ca 3x − 3x−2
⇒ −1 ≤ ≤ 1.
⇒ ∆≠0 1 − 32 x −2
⇒ the equation represent planes meeting at only one point. 3x − 3x − 2
Case (i): −1 ≤ 0
(D) a + b + c = 0 and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ca 1 − 32 x −2
⇒ a=b=c=0 (3x − 1)(3x − 2 − 1)
⇒ ≥0
⇒ the equation represent whole of the three dimensional (32 x −2 − 1)
space. ⇒ x ∈ (−∞,0] ∪ (1, ∞).

x2 + 2x + 4 3x − 3x − 2
52. (a) (A) y = Case (ii): +1 ≥ 0
x+2 1 − 32 x − 2
x2 + (2 − y) x + 4 − 2 y = 0 (3x −2 − 1)(3x + 1)
⇒ ⇒ ≥0
(3x.3x −2 − 1)
⇒ y 2 + 4 y − 12 ≥ 0
⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 1) ∪ [2, ∞).
y ≤ −6 or y ≥ 2
So, x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞)
Minimum value is 2.
(C) R1 → R1 + R3
(B) ( A + B) ( A − B) = ( A − B) ( A + B)
⇒ AB = BA 0 0 2
as A is symmetric and B is skew symmetric f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ
⇒ ( AB)t = − AB −1 − tan θ 1

⇒ k = 1 and k = 3 = 2(tan 2 θ + 1) = 2sec2 θ .

−a
(C) a = log3 log3 2 ⇒ 3 = log2 3 (D)
3 15
f ′( x) = ( x)1/ 2 (3x − 10) + ( x)3/ 2 × 3 = ( x)1/ 2 ( x − 2)
3 2 2
Now 1 < 2− k + log2 < 2
Increasing, when x ≥ 2.
⇒ 1 < 3.2 − k < 2
3
⇒ log 2   < k < log 2 (3) 1 −2 3
2
54. (a) D = −1 1 −2 = 0
⇒ k = 1 or k < 2 and k < 3.
1 −3 4
π 
(D) sin θ = cos φ ⇒ cos  − θ  = cos φ −1 −2 3
 2 
π and D1 = k 1 −2 = (3 − k ) = 0 if k = 3
− θ = 2nπ ± φ
2 1 −3 4
1 π 1 −1 3
θ ± φ −  = −2 n
π  2 D2 = −1 k −2 = (k − 3) = 0, if k = 3
⇒ 0 and 2 are possible. 1 1 4

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Matrices and Determinants 61
1 −2 −1 1 a b
 
D3 −1 1 k = (k − 3) = 0, if k = 3 ⇒ 2 matrices  a 0 c  either a = 0 or b = 0
1 −3 1  b c 0 
⇒ system of equations has no solution for k ≠ 3. ⇒ | A| ≠ 0
 x 1 a b
55. (a) Let U1 be  y  so that  
⇒ 2 matrices  a 1 c  . If a = b = 0
 
 z   b c 1 
1 0 0   x  1 
 2 1 0  y  = 0 ⇒ | A| = 0 If a = c = 0 ⇒ | A | = 0
     If b = c = 0 ⇒ | A | = 0
 3 2 1   z   0 
⇒ there will be only 6 matrices
 x  1  2 2
⇒  y  =  −2  . Similarly U =  −1 , U =  −1 .
    2   3   60. (b) The six matrix A for which | A | = 0 are
 z   1   −4   −3
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1
 ⇒ inconsistent  ⇒ inconsistent
2
 
Hence U =  −2 −1 −1 and | U | = 3 1 1 1 0 1 0
 
 1 −4 −3
1 1 1
 −1 −2 0  1 0 0
  ⇒ infinite solutions
56. (b) Moreover adj U =  −7 −5 −3 1 0 0
 9 6 3 
1 1 0 1 0 1 
adj U 1 1 0  
Hence U −1 = and sum of the elements of U −1 = 0.
3   ⇒ inconsistent 0 1 0 ⇒ inconsistent
0 0 1  1 0 1 
3
57 (a) The value of [3 2 0] U  2  1 0 0
 
 0  0 1 1 
  ⇒ infinite solutions
1 2 2  3 0 1 1 
= [3 2 0]  −2 −1 −1  2 
61. (d) We must have a − b = kp
2 2
 1 −4 −3  0 
⇒ (a + b)(a − b) = kp
3
= [ −1 4 4]  2  = −3 + 8 = 5. ⇒ either a − b = 0 or a + b is a multiple of p when a = b;
 0  number of matrices is p and when a + b = multiple of
p ⇒ a, b has p −1
58. (a) If two zero’s are the entries in the diagonal, then
∴ Total number of matrices = p + p −1 = 2 p − 1.
3
C2 × 3C1
62. (c)
3
If all the entries in the principle diagonal is 1, then C1
63. (d)
⇒ Total matrix = 12
0 a b a + 8b + 7c = 0 
64. (d)  . . .(E)
59. (b)  a 0 c  either b = 0 or c = 0 9a + 2b + 3c = 0 
 b c 1  7a + 7b + 7c = 0
0 a b 1 8 7
  Now, D 9 2 3 = 0
⇒ | A | ≠ 0 ⇒ 2 matrices  a 1 c  either a = 0 or c = 0
 b c 0  7 7 7

⇒ | A| ≠ 0

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62 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
∴ System (E) has infinite solutions. 1 1 1 + x3
a b c 68. (2) x ⋅ x 2 0 2 6 x3 − 1 = 0
= = = k (say)
1 6 −7 0 6 24 x3 − 2
⇒ 2a + b + c = 1
⇒ x3 (12x3 + 2) = 0 ⇒ 6 x 6 + x3 − 5 = 0
⇒ 2k + 6k − 7k = 1
⇒ (6x − 5)( x + 1) = 0
3 3
⇒ k =1 ⇒ 6 x 6 + 6 x3 − 5 x3 − 5 = 0
∴ 7a + b + c = 7k + 6k − 7k = 6k = 6 5
⇒ x 3 = −1, x 3 =
i 2π /3
6
65. (1) ω = e 1/ 3
5
z +1 ω ω 2
1 ω ω 2 ⇒ x = −1, x =  
6
ω z +ω2 1 = 0 1 z + ω2 1 =0
So, two solution
ω2 1 z +ω 1 1 z +ω
1 α α2
⇒ z[( z + ω )( z + ω) − 1 − ω ( z + ω − 1) + ω (1 − z − ω )] = 0
2 2 2
69. (1) D = 0 ⇒ α 1 α =0
⇒ z3 = 0 α2 α 1
⇒ z = 0 is only solution.
⇒ 1(1 − α 2 ) − α (α − α 3 ) + α 2 (α 2 − α 2 ) = 0
66. (5) | A | = (2k + 1) , | B | = 0 (since B is a skew-symmetric
3
⇒ 1 − α2 − α 2 + α4 = 0
matrix of order 3)
(α − 1) = 0
2 2
⇒
n −1
⇒ det (adj A) = | A | = ((2k + 1) ) = 106
3 2
⇒ α = ±1
⇒ 2k + 1 = 10 ⇒ 2k = 9 [k ] = 4. at α = 1 No solution.
a b c  ∵ planes are parallel.
67. (9) Let M =  d e f  At α = − 1 infinite solution.
 
 g h i  Now 1 + α + α 2 = 1.
 0   −1  a11 a12 a13 
M  1  =  2  ⇒ b = −1, e = 2, h = 3 70. (4) P =  a21 a22 a23 
 
 0   3   a31 a32 a33 

1 1 The maximum possibility of |P| can be 6 if

M  −1 =  1  ⇒ a = 0, d = 3, g = 2 a21 a22
= ±2 = ±
a22 a23
=±
a21 a23
takes zero.
 0   −1 a31 a32 a32 a33 a31 a33
Hence, | P |≠ 6. Next possibility is 4.
1  0 
M 1 =  1  ⇒ g + h + i = 12 ⇒ i = 7  1 −1 −1
1 12  P =  −1 1 −1 is one such possibility
∴ Sum of diagonal elements = 9.  1 1 1 

  

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Progressions 63

5 Progressions
QUICK LOOK Relations between Variable and Facts about AP

nth term = tn = ( n − 1) d .
General forms of progressions: An arithmetic progression is
n n
known by its first term a and the common difference d. So
Sum to n terms = Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d } = {a + tn }
2 2
while solving a problem on AP, we have to take the first term

By knowing the sum of n terms of an AP we can know the
and the common difference. If given then take them as they are
nth term using tn = S n − S n −1 .
given, otherwise assume the first term = a and the common
difference = d .
The terms of an AP are either increasing (when d > 0) or

General form of an AP is a, a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d ,..... decreasing (when d < 0), i.e., tn > tn −1 or tn < tn −1 for all

If three or four numbers in AP are to be considered, they n≥2

can be taken conveniently as a − d , a, a + d or
In the AP a1 , a2 , a3 ,...., an we have the following:

a − 3d , a − d , a + d , a + 3d . A geometric progression is a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = ..... = an − an−1 = common difference

known by its first term a and the common ratio r. So while a1 + an = a2 + an −1 = ..... = constant
solving a problem on GP we have to take the first term and a1 + k , a2 + k , a3 + k ,....., an + k are also in AP for
the common ratio. If given then take them as they are given, k > 0 or k < 0
otherwise assume the first term = a and the common ratio
a1 × k , a2 × k , a3 × k ,....., an × k are also in AP for any k
= r.
a1 , a3 , a5 ,..... are also in AP

General form of a GP is a, ar , ar 2 , ar 3 ,.....
a p , a p + q , a p + 2 q ,..... are also in AP.

If three are four numbers in GP are to be considered, they
a a a a+b
can be taken conveniently are , a, ar or 3 , , ar , ar 3 . A
The arithmetic mean A of two numbers a, b is A =
r r r 2
harmonic progression is known by the AP formed by the
The arithmetic mean A of n numbers a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an is
reciprocal of its terms. a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + an
A=
1 1 1 1 n

General form of an HP is , , , ,.....
a a + d a + 2d a + 3d
If n numbers are inserted between a and b such that

If three or four numbers in HP are to be considered, they a1 , A1 , A2 ,..... An , b are in AP then
1 1 1 b−a
can be taken as , , or Ar = a + ( r − 1 − 1) and
a−d a a+d n +1
1 1 1 1 a+b
, , , respectively. A1 + A2 + A3 + .... + An = n ×
a − 3d a − d a + d a + 3d 2
Classification of a given progression: When we are required
Relations between Variables and Facts about GP
to verify whether a given sequence is in AP, GP or HP we

nth term = tn = ar n −1.
proceed as follows: (here tn = nth term)

If tn − t n −1 = constant, for all n ≥ 2 then the sequence is in a (1 − r n )

Sum of n terms = S n = .
1− r
AP.
a
tn
Sum of infinite terms = S = provided r < 1.

If = constant, for all n ≥ 2, then the sequence is in GP. 1− r
t n −1

By knowing the sum to n terms of a GP we can know the
1 1 nth term using tn = S n − S n−1.

If − = constant, for all n ≥ 2, then the sequence is in
tn tn − 1

In a GP of positive terms the terms are either increasing
HP (when r > 1 ) or decreasing (when r < 1 ).

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64 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

In a GP, a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an we have the following: Summation of Series of Natural Numbers
n n
a2 a3
=
a
= .... = n = common ratio
∑ n0 = 10 + 20 + 30 + .... + n0 = ∑1 = n
a1 a2 an −1 n =1 n =1

a1a n = a2 an −1 = ..... = constant

n
n(n + 1)

∑ n = 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n =
n =1 2
a1.k , a2 .k , a3 .k ,....., an .k are also in GP ,( k ≠ 0)
n
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
a1 , a3 , a5 ,..... are also in GP
∑n
n =1
2
= 12 + 22 + 32 + .... + n 2 =
6
a p , a p + q , a p + 2 q ,..... are also in GP. 2 2
n
 n(n + 1)   n 

The geometric mean G of two numbers a and b is G = ab
∑
n =1
n3 = 13 + 23 + 33 + .... + n3 =   = ∑n
 2   n =1 

The geometric mean of G of n numbers a1 , a2 , a3 ....., an is n

G = n a1 . a2 . a3 .....an .

∑n
n =1
4
can be found by using the identity

If n numbers are set between a and b such that a, k 5 − (k − 1)5 = 5k 4 − 10k 3 + 10k 2 − 5k + 1 which gives
1
 b  n+1
n n n n n n
G1 , G2 ,......Gn , b are in GP then Gm = ar where r =   m
n5 = ∑{k 5 − (k −1)5} = 5∑ k 4 −10∑ k 3 + 10∑ k 2 − 5∑ k + ∑1.
a k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1

n n
and G1 ⋅ G2 ⋅ G3 ⋅ ..... ⋅ Gn = ( ab ) . n

(a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + an ) 2 = ∑ ai2 + 2 ∑ ai a j , i.e., (sum of
i =1 i < j =1

Relations between Variables and Facts about HP numbers)2 = sum of squares + 2 (sum of products of
1 numbers taking two at a time)

nth term = tn = .
nth term of corresponding AP

If a1 , a2 , a3 ,......, an are in HP then Note
This formula is useful to find the sum of products of numbers
1 1 1 1 1 1
− = − = .... = − = constant. taking two at a time if the sum of the numbers and the sum of
a2 a1 a3 a2 an an −1
their squares can be obtained.
2ab

The harmonic mean of two numbers a and b is H = .
a+b Summation of Related Series

The harmonic mean of n nonzero numbers a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an
If the nth term of a series is of the form

1 tn = an + bn + cn + d + kp then,
3 2 n

is H = .
1 1 1 S n = ∑ tn = a ∑ n 3 + b ∑ n 2 + c ∑ n + d ∑ 1 + k ∑ p n can be
+ + ..... +
a1 a2 an
n
obtained by using the formulae for ∑ n , etc.,
3
the series

If n numbers are set between a and b such that a, ∑p n

being in GP.
H 1 , H 2 ,......, H n , b are in HP then
Series of following forms admit the summation by using the
1 1 above method (known by ∑ method
−
1 (i) a ⋅ b + (a + d )(b + c) + (a + 2d )(b + 2c) + .... which
Hm = where d = b a . is
1
+ md n +1
obtained by the sum of the products of corresponding terms
a
of two (or more) APs.
(ii) a, a + b, a + 2b + c, a + 3b + 3c, a + 4b + 6c,.... in which
Relations between AM, GM and HM–Establishing
Inequalities of Positive Numbers the difference of consecutive terms are b, b + c, b + 2c, b +
3c,.... and these are in AP.

For two numbers, AH = G 2 , i.e., A, G , H are in G.P.
(iii) a , a + b, a + b + br , a + b + br + br 2 ,.... in which the

For two positive numbers, A ≥ G ≥ H , equality holding for
difference of consecutive terms are b, br, br2,...and these are
equal numbers.
in GP.

For n nonzero positive numbers, A ≥ G ≥ H , equality
holding when all the numbers are equal.

The ∑ method is not applicable in a series whose nth term
tn cannot be written as sum of positive integral powers of n

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 Progressions 65
and powers of constant, i.e., an + bn +cn + d + kp . If t n 3 2 n Multiple Choice Questions
One and More than One Correct
contains a term of the form n ⋅ p n or n 2 p n , etc., then Σ
1. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn2, then the sum
method cannot be applied. In series like
of squares of these n terms is [JEE 2009 P-II]
a ⋅ b + ( a + a )br + ( a + 2 d )br 2 + ....., which is obtained by the
n(4n 2 − 1)c 2 n(4n 2 − 1)c 2
sum of the products of corresponding terms of an AP and a a. b.
6 3
GP, we get a term as mentioned above. Such series are
n(4n 2 − 1)c 2 n(4n 2 + 1)c 2
known as arithmetico-geometric series. The method of c. d.
3 6
solving such series is as follows:
S n = ab + ( a + d )br + ( a + 2d )br 2 + ... + ( a + n − 1 d )br n −1 2. If the angles A, B and C of a triangle are in an arithmetic
progression and if a, b and c denote the lengths of the sides
r · S n = abr + ( a + d )br 2 + .... + ( a + n − 2 d )br 1
+ ( a + n − 1 d )br
opposite to A, B and C respectively, then the value of the
n −1
+ d )br + .... + (a + n − 2 d )br
2
+ (a + n − 1d )br n
a c
Subtracting, expression sin 2C + sin 2 A is [JEE 2010 P -I]
c a
(1 − r ) S n = ab + dbr + dbr 2 + .... + dbr n −1 − ( a + n − 1 d )br n 1 3
a. b.
The series on the right, from the second term to the last but 2 2
one term, is a GP which can be added. c. 1 d. 3

Some series have their terms in none of the above forms,
but by rearranging the terms we get a sum of two or more 3. Let a1 , a2 , a3 , ..... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5
series which can be summed up. and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for which
Method of Difference in Summation of Series a0 < 0 is [JEE 2012 P -II]

If the nth term of a series can be written as a. 22 b. 23 c. 24 d. 25
n n n
tn = f ( n ) − f (n ± 1) then Sn = ∑ tn = ∑ f (n) − ∑ f (n ± 1) 4. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence
n =1 n =1 n =1
0.7, 0.77, 0.777, ..... is [JEE Main 2013]
= { f (1) + f (2) + .... + f ( n )} − { f (2) + f (3) + .... + f ( n + 1)}
7 7
where '+' sign is taken a. (179 − 10 −20 ) b. (99 − 10 −20 )
81 9
or { f (1) + f (2) + .... + f ( n)} − { f (0) + f (1) + .... + f ( n − 1)}
7 7
where '− ' sign is taken c. (179 + 10 −20 ) d. (99 + 10 −20 )
81 9
or f(n) – f(0) where '+' sign is taken or f(n) – f(0) where '–' sign
is taken 5. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan −1 x, tan −1 and y tan −1 z are

If the series be such that the rth term and (r+1)th term can be
also in A.P., then [JEE Main 2013]
related as follows then also the series can be added.
a. x = y = z b. 2 x = 3 y = 6 z
(i) kt r = f ( r )tr − f ( r + 1)tr +1 ,
n n n c. 6 x = 3 y = 2 z d. 6 x = 4 y = 3 z
then ∑ kt = ∑ f (r )t − ∑ f (r + 1)t
r =1
r
r =1
r
r =1
r +1
6. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the
or kS n = { f (1) ⋅ t1 + f (2) ⋅ t2 + .... + f ( n) ⋅ tn } − { f (2) ⋅ t2 + f (3) ⋅ t3 + .... + f (middle
n + 1)tn 1term
} in this G.P. is doubled, the new numbers are
+ .... + f ( n) ⋅ tn } − { f (2) ⋅ t2 + f (3) ⋅ t3 + .... + f ( n + 1)tn +1} in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is:
1 [JEE Main 2014]
or Sn = { f (1)t1 − f (n + 1)tn +1}.
k a. 2 + 3 b. 3 + 2
(ii) ktr = f ( r + 1)tr +1 − f ( r )tr , c. 2 − 3 d. 2 + 3
n n n
Then ∑ ktr = ∑ f (r + 1)tr +1 − ∑ f (r )tr
r =1 r =1 r =1 7. If (10) 9 + 2(11)1 (10) 8 + 3(11) 2 (10) 7 + ... + 10(11) 9 = k (10) 9 ,
or kS n = { f (2)t2 + f (3)t3 + .... + f ( n + 1)tn +1} − { f (1) ⋅ t1 + f (2) ⋅ t2 + .... + f then
(n)tn }k is equal to: [JEE Main 2014]
. + f ( n + 1)tn 1} − { f (1) ⋅ t1 + f (2) ⋅ t2 + .... + f (n)tn } 121 441
a. b.
1 10 100
or Sn = {(n + 1)tn +1 − f (1)·t1}. c. 100 d. 110
k

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66 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
8. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers ℓ and 16. The sum of all natural numbers 'n' such that 100 < n <
n (ℓ , n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric means 200 and H.C.F. (91, n) > 1 is: [JEE Main 2019]
between ℓ and n, then G14 + 2G24 + G34 equals,[JEE Main 2015] a. 3221 b. 3121
c. 3203 d. 3303
a. 4ℓ 2 mn b. 4ℓ m2 n
20
1
c. 4ℓ mn2 d. 4ℓ 2 m2 n 2 17. The sum ∑k 2
k =1
k
is equal to [JEE Main 2019]

9. The sum of first 9 terms of the series 3 11 11 21

a. 2 − b. 2 − c. 1 − d. 2 −
1 1 + 2 1 + 2 +3
3 3 3 3 3 3
217 219 220 220
+ + +⋯ [JEE Main 2015]
1 1+3 1+3+5
18. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and the
a. 71 b. 96 c. 142 d. 192
equations ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + ƒ = 0 have a
common root, then which one of the following statements
10. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P.,
is correct? [JEE Main 2019]
then the common ratio of this G.P. is: [JEE Main 2016]
d e f
8 4 7 a. d,e,ƒ are in A.P. b. , , are in G.P.
a. b. c. 1 d. a b c
5 3 4
d e f
c. , , are in A.P. d. d,e,ƒ are in G.P.
11. If the sum of the first ten term of the series a b c
2 2 2 2
 3  2  1  4 16 19. If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in G.P. and
1  +  2  +  3  + 4 +  4  + ..., is
2
m, then
 5  5  5  5 5 a + b + c = xb, then x cannot be: [JEE Main 2019]
m is equal to: [JEE Main 2016] a. 4 b. –3 c. –2 d. 2
a. 102 b. 101 c. 100 d. 99 30 15
20. Let a1 , a2 ,.......a30 be an A.P. S = ∑ a1 and T = ∑ a(2l −1) .
12. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2,…,101. Suppose loge b1, loge b2,...,loge b101 1=1 i =1

are in Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) with the common if a5 = 27 and S − 2T = 75, then a10 is equal to:
difference log e 2. Suppose a1 , a2 , ... a101 are in A.P. such [JEE Main 2019]
that a1 = b1 and a51 = b51. If t = b1 + b2 + .... + b51 and a. 57 b. 47 c. 42 d. 52
s = a1 + a2 + .... + a51 , then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II] 21. The sum of the following series [JEE Main 2019]
a. s > t and a101 > b101 b. s > t and a101 < b101 9(1 + 2 + 3 ) 12(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 2 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1+ 6 + +
c. s < t and a101 > b101 d. s < t and a101 < b101 7 9
15(12 + 22 + ..... + 52 )
13. For any three positive real numbers a, b and 9(25a + b ) 2 2 + + ..... up to 15 terms, is:
11
+25(c 2 − 3ac) = 15b(3a + c). Then [JEE Main 2017] a. 7820 b. 7830 c. 7520 d. 7510
a. a, b and c are in A.P
22. Let a, b and c be the 7th, 11th and 13th terms respectively of
b. a, b and c are in G.P.
a non-constant A.P. If these are also the three consecutive
c. b, c and a are in G.P.
a
d. b, c and a are in A.P terms of a G.P., then is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
c
14. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be the sum of the a. 1/2 b. 4 c. 2 d. 7/13
first 40 terms of the series 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 +52 + 2.62 + ...
If B − 2 A = 100λ , then λ is equal to [JEE Main 2018] 23. Let a1,a2,a3, ...., a10 be in G.P. with ai > 0 for i = 1,2,...., 10
and S be the set of pairs (r,k), r k∈N (the set of natural
a. 496 b. 232 c. 248 d. 464
12 numbers) for which [JEE Main 2019]
15. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,...a49 be in A.P. such that ∑a
k =0
4 k +1 = 416 and log e a1r a2k log e a2r a3k log e a3r a4k
log e a4r a5k log e a5r a6k log e a6r a7k = 0
a9 + a43 = 66. If a12 + a22 + ... + a172 = 140 m, then m is
log e a7r a8k log e a8r a9k log e a9r a10k
equal to [JEE Main 2018]
a. 33 b. 66 c. 68 d. 34 a. Infinitely b. 4 c. 10 d. 2

@iitjeehelps
Progressions 67
24. The sum of an infinite geometric series with positive terms is Matrix Match / Column Match
27 32. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II:
3 and the sum of the cubes of its terms is . Then the
19 [JEE 2006]
common ratio of this series is: [JEE Main 2019] Column I Column II
a. 4/9 b. 2/9 c. 2/3 d. 1/3 ∞ 1. 0
 1 
(A) ∑ tan −1  2  = t , then
a3 a i =1  2i 
25. a1, a2, ....., a10 be a G.P. If = 25 then 9 equals
b1 a5 tan t =
[JEE Main 2019] (B) Sides a, b, c, of a triangle 2. 1
a. 2(5 ) 2
b. 4(5 ) 2 ABC are AP
c. 54 d. 53 a b
cos θ1 = , cos θ 2 = ,
b+c a+c
26. If 19th term of a non-zero A.P. is zero, then its (49th term):
c
(29th term) is: [JEE Main 2019] cos θ 3 = then
a+b
a. 3 : 1 b. 4 : 1 c. 2 : 1 d. 1 : 3
θ  θ 
27. Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive tan 2  1  + tan 2  3  =
2 2
integers. The maximum value of the expression
(C) A line is perpendicular to 5
xm yn x + 2 y + 2 z = 0 and passes 3.
is: [JEE Main 2019] 3
(1 + x )(1 + y 2 n )
2m
through (0, 1, 0). The
1 1 perpendicular distance of
a. b.
2 4 this line form the origin is
m+n (D) Data could not be retrieved. 4. 2/ 3
c. d. 1
6 mn a. A→ 2; B→ 4; C→ 3; D→ 1
28. The product of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is 512. If b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
4 is added to each of the first and the second of these c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
terms, the three terms now from an A.P. Then the sum of d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
the original three terms of the given G.P. is
33. Match the Column [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
[JEE Main 2019]
Column I Column II
a. 36 b. 24
c. 32 d. 28 (A) In R , if the magnitude of 1. 1
2

the projection vector of the

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k 5
29. Let Sk = . If S12 + S22 + .... + S102 = A, Then vector αiˆ + β ˆj on 3iˆ + ˆj is
k 12
A is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] 3 and if α | = 2 + 3β, then
a. 303 b. 283 possible value(s) of | α | is
c. 156 d. 310 (are)
(B) Let a and b be real numbers 2. 2
30. If n C 4 , n C5 and n C 6 are in A.P., then n can be:
such that the function
[JEE Main 2019]
a. 14
c. 9
b. 11
d. 12
f ( x) = {
−3ax 2 − 2, x < 1
bx + a 2 , x ≥1
is

differentiable for all x ∈ R.

31. If the sum of the first 15 items of the series
Then possible value(s) of a is
3 3 3 3
3  1  1  3 (are)
  + 1  +  2  + 3 +  3  + .... is equal to 225
3

4  2  4  4 (C) Let ω ≠ 1 be a complex cube 3. 3

k, then k is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
root of unity. If
a. 9 b. 27
(3 − 3ω + 2ω ) 2 4n+3
c. 108 d. 54

@iitjeehelps
68 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
+ (2 + 3ω − 3ω ) 2 4n+3
36. Tr is always

+ ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0, a. an odd number b. an even number

c. a prime number d. a composite number
then possible value(s) of n is
(are) 37. Which one of the following is a correct statement?
(D) Let the harmonic mean of two 4. 4 a. Q1 , Q2 , Q3 , ... are in A.P. with common difference 5
positive real numbers a and b
b. Q1 , Q2 , Q3 , ... are in A.P. with common difference 6
be 4. If q is a positive real
number such that a, 5, q, b is c. Q1 , Q2 , Q3 , ... are in A.P. with common difference 11
an arithmetic progression, d. Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ...
then the value(s) of | q − a | is
(are) Paragraph for Question No. 38 to 40
5. 5
Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic
a. A→ 1; B→ 1,2; C→ 1,2,4,5; D→ 2,5
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 means, respectively, of two distinct positive numbers. For n ≥ 2,
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 let An–1 and Hn–1 has arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 as An Gn, Hn respectively. [JEE 2007 P-II]

Statement or Assertion & Reason 38. Which one of the following statements is correct?
34. Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are a. G1 > G2 > G3 > ...
in G.P. Let b1 = a1 , b2 = b1 + a2 , b3 = b2 + a3 and b4 = b3 + a4 . b. G1 < G2 < G3 < ...
Statement-I: The numbers b1 , b2 , b3 , b4 are neither in A.P. c. G1 = G2 = G3 = ...
nor in G.P.
d. G1 < G2 < G3 < ... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ...
and
Statement-II: The numbers b1 , b2 , b3 , b4 are in H.P. 39. Which of the following statements is correct?
[JEE 2008 P-II] a. A1 > A2 > A3 > ...
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
b. A1 < A2 < A3 < ...
is a correct explanation for Statement-I
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II c. A1 > A2 > A3 > ... and A1 < A2 < A3 < ...
is not a correct explanation for Statement-I. d. A1 < A2 < A3 < ... and A1 > A2 > A3 > ...
c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True 40. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. H1 > H 2 > H 3 > ...
Paragraph
b. H1 < H 2 < H 3 < ...

Paragraph for Question No. 35 to 37 c. H1 > H 2 > H 3 > ... and H1 < H 2 < H 3 < ...
Let Vr denote the sum of the first r terms of an arithmetic d. H1 < H 2 < H 3 < ... and H1 > H 2 > H 3 > ...
progression (A.P.) whose first term is r and the common
difference is (2r − 1). Let Tr = Vr +1 − Vr − 2 and Qr = Tr +1 − Tr for Integer & Subjective
r = 1, 2, ... [JEE 2007 P-I]
41. If total number of runs scored in n matches is
35. The sum V1 + V2 + .... + Vn is  n + 1  n +1
  (2 − n − 2) where n > 1, and the runs scored in
1 1  4 
a. n(n + 1)(3n2 − n + 1) b. n(n + 1)(3n 2 + n + 2)
12 12 the k th match are given by k . 2n+1− k , where 1 ≤ k ≤ n.
1 1 3 Find n. [JEE 2005]
c. n(2n − n + 1) d. (2n − 2n + 3)
2

2 3
@iitjeehelps
Progressions 69
42. Let S k , k = 1, 2,...,100, denote the sum of the infinite ANSWER & SOLUTIONS
k −1 1. (c) t n = c{n 2 − ( n − 1) 2 } = c (2 n − 1)
geometric series whose first term is and the common
k!
⇒ t n2 = c 2 (4 n 2 − 4 n + 1)
1 100 2 100
ratio is . Then the value of + ∑ | (k 2
− 3k + 1) S k | is n
 4n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 4n(n + 1) 
k 100! k =1 ⇒ ∑t
n =1
2
n = c2 
 6
−
2
+ n

[JEE 2010 P-I]
c2n
= {4(n + 1)(2n + 1) − 12(n + 1) + 6}
43. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers 6
a −5 , a −4 , 3a −3 , 1, a 8 and a with a > 0 is
10
[JEE 2011 P-I] c2n c2
= {4n 2 + 6n + 2 − 6n − 6 + 3} = n(4n 2 − 1).
6 3
44. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a100 be an arithmetic progression with
2. (d) B = 60 °
p
a1 = 3 and S p = ∑ ai , 1 ≤ p ≤ 100. For any integer n with ∴
a c
sin 2C + sin 2 A = 2 sin A cos C + 2 sin C cos A
i =1 c a
Sm 3
1 ≤ n ≤ 20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then = 2 sin( A + C ) = 2 sin B = 2 × = 3.
Sn 2
a2 is [JEE 2011 P-I] 3. (d) a1 , a2 , ..... a20 H.P.
1 1 1
b , , ..... A.P.
45. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. a1 a2 a20
a
1 1 −4
If a, b, c are in geometric progression and the arithmetic ⇒ − = 19d ⇒ d =
25 5 475
a 2 + a − 14 1  −4 
mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is T25 = + 24 
a +1 
5  475 
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I] 1 96 −1
T25 = − ⇒ T25 =
5 475 475
46. Let n1 < n2 < n3 < n4 < n5 be positive integers such that
n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5 = 20. Then the number of such 4. (c) 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + ..... + 0.777...7
distinct arrangements ( n1 , n2 , n3 , n4 , n5 ) is 7
= [0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ... + 0.999...9]
9
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
7
= [(1 − 0.1) + (1 − 0.01) + (1 − 0.001...1) + ... + (1 − 0.000...1)]
47. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression 9

(A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of the 7  1 1 1 1 

= 20 −  + 2 + 3 + ... + 20  
first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 9   10 10 10 10 
11 and the seventh term lies in between 130 and 140, then  1 
1 − 20  7
7 1 10 1  1020 − 1  
the common difference of this A.P. is =  20 − .  =  20 − .  
9 10 1 − 1  9  9  1020  
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
 10 
48. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetic 7   1  7 −20
= 180 −  1 − 20   = [179 + 10 ]
progression. If the triangle has area 24, then what is the 81   10   81
length of its smallest side? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I] 5. (a) 2 y = x + z . . .(i)
49. If (a,d) denotes an A.P. with first term a and common −1 −1 −1
As tan x, tan y, tan z in AP
difference d. If the A.P. formed by intersection of three
x + z 2y x+ z
A.P’s given by (1,3), (2,5) and (3,7) is a new A.P. (A.D). ⇒ 2 tan −1 y = tan −1 =
1 − xz 1 − y 2 1 − xz
Then the value of A+D is
x+ z x+ z
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-I] = . . .by (i)
1− y 2
1 − xz

@iitjeehelps
70 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 1 1  10. (b) a + d , aa ++ 4d,, a + 88dd → G.P
(x + z)  − =0
 1 − y 1 − xz 
2
∴ ( a + 4d ) 2 = a 2 + 9ad + 8d 2
x+ z =0 or 1 − xz = x − y 2 y 2 = xz ⇒ 8d 2 = ad ⇒ a = 8 d
⇒ x, y, z in GP. 12 4
∴ 9d ,12d ,16d → G.P. Common ratio r = =
As x, y, z AP & GP 9 3
⇒ x=y=z
2 2 2 2 2
 8   12   16   20   24  8 12 16 2
11. (b)   +   +   +   +   + ..... = + + +
6. (d) Let the numbers be a, ar, ar2 is G.P. 5  5   5   5   5 
8 the12 + ar
a16 20
2
24 82 122 162 202 242
Given a, 2ar, ar2 are in A.P. + 2 ar =+ +( a ≠ 0) + + ..... = + + 2 + 2 + 2 + .....
2 52 5 2 5 5 5
which gives r = 2 + 3, as the G.P. is an increasing G.P. (4n + 4) 2
Tn =
2 9 52
 11   11   11 
7. (c) Let K = 1 + 2   + 3   + ... + 10   . . .(i) 1 10
16 10 2
 10   10   10  Sn =
52
∑16(n + 1)
n =1
2
= ∑ (n + 2n + 1)
25 n =1
2 9 10
11K 11  11   11   11 
Also, = + 2   + ...3   + 10   . . .(ii) ⇒ m = 101
10 10  
10  
10  10 
16 10 × 11× 21 2 × 10 × 11  16 16
(i)– (ii) (gives) =  + + 10  = × 505 = m
25  6 2  25 5
2 9 10
k  11   11   11   11 
− = 1 +   +   + ... +   − 10.  
10  10   10   10   10  12. (b) log e b1 , log e b2 , b3 , .... log e b101 are in A.P.
  11  
10
b1 , b2 , b3 , ...., b101 are in G.P. Given:
   − 1 
 10   − 10.  11 
10
log e (b2 ) − log e (b1 ) = log e (2)
⇒ =
k
−  
10 11  10 
−1 b2
10 ⇒ = 2 = r (common ratio of G.P.)
10 10
b1
k  11   11 
⇒ − = 10.   − 10 − 10   ⇒ k = 100 a1 , a2 , a3 , .... a101 are in A.P. a1 = b1 = a
10  10   10 
b1 + b2 + b3 + .... b51 = t , S = a1 + a2 + .... + b51
8. (b) Given m is A. M. between ℓ and n
t = sum of 51 terms of G.P. (t = 51)
⇒ 2m = ℓ + n Given ℓ, G1 , G2 , G3 , n in G.P.
( r 51 − 1) a (251 − 1)
1/ 4 = b1 = = a (251 − 1)
n n r −1 2 −1
r =  ⇒ r4 =
ℓ ℓ s = sum of 51 terms of A.P. (s = 51)
∴ G1 = ℓ, G2 = ℓr 2 , G3 = ℓr 3 51 51
= [2a1 + (n − 1)d ] = (2a + 50d )
2 2
So, G14 + 2G24 + G34 = ℓ 4 r 4 [1 + 2r 4 + r 8 ]
Given a51 = b51 a + 50d = a (2) 50 50d = a (250 − 1)
 n  n n 
2

= ℓ4 ⋅   1 + 2   +    51 50
Hence s = a [2 + 1]
 ℓ    ℓ   ℓ   2
 n
2
(n + ℓ)2  51 
= nℓ3 1 +  = nℓ3 = nℓ(2m) 2 = 4ℓm2 n ⇒ s = a  51.249 + 
 ℓ ℓ2  2
 51 
 n(n + 1) 
2
s = 2  4.249 + 47.249 + 
   2
13 + 23 + ⋯ + n3  2  (n + 1) 2
9. (b) Tn = = =  53 
1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + (2n − 1) n [1 + (2n − 1)] 4 ⇒ s = a  (251 − 1) + 47.249 + 
2  2
9
1 9 1  53 
∴ ∑ T = ∑ ( n + 1) 2 = [12 + 2 2 + ⋯ + 10 2 − 12 ] s − t = a  47.249 +  . Clearly: G > t
n =1
n
4 n =1 4  2
1  10(10 + 1)(2 × 10 + 1)  a101 = a1 + 100d = a + 2a.250 − 2a = a (251 − 1)
=  − 1 = 96
4 6  b101 = b1 r 100 = a.2100 . Hence b101 > a101

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Progressions 71
2 2 2
13. (d) (15a) + (3b) + (5c) − (15a)(5c) − (15a)(3b) − (3b)(5c) = 0
20
1 1 2 3 2
17. (b) ∑k 2
k =1
k
S= + 2 + 2 + .... + 20
2 2 3 2
1
[(15a − 3b)2 + (3b − 5c)2 + (5c − 15a )2 ] = 0
2 1 2 2 19 20
⇒ S× = + + .... + 20 + 21
It is possible when 15a = 3b = 5c 2 22 32 2 20
5c c  1 1 1 1 20
∴ b= , a= ⇒ 1 −  S = + 2 + .... + 20 + 21
3 3  2 2 2 2 2
⇒ a + b = 2c 11
⇒ S = 2−
⇒ b, c, a in A.P. 219

14. (c) A = 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.20 2 18. (c) a, b, c in G.P.

= (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 20 ) + 4(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 10 )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 say a, ar, ar2
20 × 21 × 41 4 × 10 × 11 × 21 satisfies ax2 + 2bx + c = 0
= + ⇒ x = –r
6 6
= 2870 + 1540 = 4410 x = –r is the common root, satisfies second equation
d(–r)2 + 2e(–r) + f = 0
B = 12 + 2.22 + 32 + ... + 2.402
c 2ce
= (12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 402 ) + 4(12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 202 ) ⇒ d⋅ − + f =0
a b
40 × 41 × 81 4 × 20 × 21 × 41
= + d f 2e
6 6 ⇒ + =
a c b
= 22140 + 11480 = 33620
⇒ B − 2 A = 33620 − 8820 = 24800 λ = 248 19. (d)
b
, b, br → G.P. (| r |≠ 1)
r
15. (d) Let a1 = a and common difference = d
Given a + b + c = xb
Given, a1 + a5 + a9 + ... + a49 = 416 b / r + b + br = xb
⇒
⇒ a + 24d = 32 . . . (i) ⇒ b = 0 (not possible)
Also, a9 + a43 = 66 1
or 1+ r + =x
⇒ a + 25d = 33 . . . (ii) r
Solving (i) and (ii),We get d = 1, a = 8 1
⇒ x −1 = r +
now, a12 + a22 + ... + a172 = 140 m
Now, r
⇒ 82 + 92 + ... + 242 = 140m ⇒ x −1 > 2 or x −1 < −2
24 × 25 × 49 7 × 8 × 15 ⇒ x > 3 or x < −1
⇒ − = 140 m ⇒ m = 34
6 6 So x can’t be '2'
16. (b) SA = sum of numbers between 100 and 200 which are 20. (d) S = a1 + a2 + .......a30
divisible by 7. 30
S= [a1 + a2 ]
⇒ SA = 105 + 112 + ..... + 196 2
SA =
14
[105 + 196] = 2107 S = 15(a1 + a2 ) = 15( a1 + a2 + 29d )
2 T = a1 + a2 + .......a29
SB = Sum of numbers between 100 and 200 which are
= (a1 ) + (a1 + 2d ).... + (a1 + 28d )
divisible by 13.
= 15a1 + 2d (1 + 2 + .....14)
8
SB = 104 + 117 + .... + 195 = [104 + 195] = 1196 T = 15a1 + 210d
2
SC = Sum of numbers between 100 and 200 which are New use S − 2T = 75
divisible by both 7 and 13. ⇒ 15(2a1 + 29d ) − 2(15a1 + 210d ) = 75 ⇒d = 5
SC = 182 Given a5 = 27 = a1 + 4d ⇒ a1 = 7
⇒ H.C.F. (91, n) > 1
Now a10 = a1 + 9 d = 7 + 9 × 5 = 52
= SA + SB – SC = 3121

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72 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(3 + (n − 1) × 3(1 × 2 + ... + n )
2 2 2
xm yn xm yn 1
21. (a) Tn = 27. (b) = ≤
(2n + 1) (1 + x )(1 + y )
2m 2n
 m 1  n 1  4
 x + m  y + n 
 x  y 
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
3.
n2 (n + 1) using AM ≥ GM
Tn = 6 =
2n + 1 2 a
28. (d) Let terms are ,
1 15 r
S15 = ∑ (n3 + n2 )
2 n =1 a, ar → G.P

1  15(15 + 1)  15 ×16 × 31

2
∴ a3 = 512 ⇒ a = 8
=   +  = 7820
2   8
2 6  + 4,12,8r → A.P
r
22. (b) a = A + 6d 8
b = A + 10d 24 = + 4 + 8r
r
c = A + 12d 1
a,b,c are in G.P. r = 2, r =
2
⇒ (A + 10d)2 = (A + 6d) (a + 12d) r = 2 (4, 8, 16)
A 1
⇒ = −14 r= (16, 8, 4)
d 2
a A + 6d Sum = 28
=
c A + 12d
K +1
A 29. (a) S K =
6+ 2
d 6 − 14
= = =4 5
A 12 − 14 ∑ Sk2 = A
12 + 12
d
2
10
 K +1  22 + 32 + − − − + 112 5
23. (a) Apply ∑ 
K =11  2
 =
 4
=
12
A
C3 → C3 – C2
11 × 12 × 23 5
C2 → C2 – C1 −1 = A
6 3
We get D = 0
5
505 = A, A = 303
a 3
24. (c) =3
1− r
30. (a) 2. n C5 = n C4 + n C6
a3 27 27(1 − r ) 3 27
= ⇒ =
1− r 3
19 1− r3 19 n n n
2. = +
⇒ 6r 2 − 13r + 6 = 0 5 n−5 4 n−4 6 n−6
2 2 1 1 1
⇒ r = as | r |< 1 ⋅ = +
3 5 n − 5 (n − 4)( n − 5) 30

25. (c) a1, a2, ....., a10 are in G.P., n = 14 satisfying equation
Let the common ratio be r 3 3 3 3
 3   6   9   12 
a3 a r2 31. (b) S =   +   +   +   + .... 15 items
= 25 ⇒ 1 = 25 ⇒ r 2 = 25  4 4 4  4 
a1 a1
27 15 3
a9 a1r 8
= = r 4 = 54
= ∑r
64 r =1
a5 a1r 4
2
27 15(15 + 1) 
= .
26. (a) a + 18d = 0 . . .(i) 64  2 

a + 48d −18d + 48d 3 = 225 K (Given in question)
= =
a + 28d −18 + 28d 1 K = 27

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 Progressions 73
∞ 2 4 n +3 2 4n +3 2 4n +3
 1  (C) (3 − 3ω + 2ω ) + (2 + 3ω − 3ω ) + (−3 + 2ω + 3ω ) =0
32. (A) ∑ tan −1
 2i 2  = t 4n+3 4n+3
i =1
 3 − 3w + 2w2   3 − 3w + 2w2 
∞
 2  ∞ (3 − 3w + 2w2 )4n+3 +   +  =0
Now ∑ tan −1  2 = ∑ [tan −1 (2i + 1) − tan −1 (2i − 1)]  w2   w 
i =1  4i − 1 + 1  i =1
4n +3 4 n +3
= [(tan −1 3 − tan −1 ) + (tan −1 5 − tan −1 3) + ... + tan −1 (2 + 1) − tan −1 (2 − 1)...   1  1 
(3 −∞3w + 2w2 )4 n + 3 + 1 +  2  +  =0
−1
5 − tan −1 3) + ... + tan − 1 (2 n + 1) − tan − 1 (2 n − 1)... ∞ ]   w   w 
2n 1 + ( w) 4 n + 3 + ( w 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0
t = tan −1 (2n + 1) − tan −1 1 = lim tan −1
n →∞ 1 + (2n + 1) ⇒ 4 n + 3is not multiple of 3
n π (D) Let a = 5 − d q = 5 + d
⇒ tan t = lim ⇒ t=
n +1 n →∞ 4
b = 5 + 2d
θ
1 − tan 2 1 2 ab
(B) We have cos θ1 = 2 = a | q − a | = | 2 d | . Given =4
2 θ1 b+c a+b
1 + tan
2 ab
=2
θ a+b
θ1
b+c−a 1 − tan 2 3
⇒ tan 2
= . Also, cosθ 3 = 2 = c (5 − d )(5 + 2 d ) = 2(5 − d + 5 + 2 d ) = 2(10 + d )
2 b+c+a θ
1 + tan 2 3 a + b 25 + 10d − 5d − 2d 2 = 20 + 2d
2
2d 2 − 3d − 5 = 0
θ3
a+b−c
⇒ tan 2
= 5
2 a+b+c d = −1, d = | 2 d | = 2, 5
2
θ1 2b 2 θ3
∴ tan 2 + tan 2 = =
2 2 3b 3 34. (c) b1 = a1 , b2 = a1 + a2 , b3 = a1 + a2 + a3 , b4 = a1 + a2 + a3 + a4
(C) Line through (0,1) and perpendicular to plane Hence b1 , b2 , b3 , b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P. nor in
x − 0 y −1 z −1 H.P.
x + 2 y + 2 z = 0 is given by = = = r.
=
1 2 2
r 1 3 2
Let P ( r , 2r + 1, 2r ) be the foot of perpendicular on the 35. (b) Vr = [2r + (r − 1)(2r − 1)] = (2r − r + r )
2 2
straight line then
1
2 ⇒ ∑Vr = n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
r × 1 + (2r + 1)2 + 2 × 2r = 0 ⇒ r = − 12
9
1 1
 2 5 4 36. (d) Vr +1 − Vr = (r + 1)3 − r 3 − [(r + 1)2 − r 2 ] + (1) = 3r 2 + 2r + 1
∴ Point is given by  − , , −  2 2
 9 9 9 ⇒ Tr = 3 r + 2 r − 1 = ( r + 1)(3 r − 1)
2
,
∴ Required perpendicular distance
which is a composite number.
4 + 25 + 16 5 37. (b) Tr = 3r 2 + 2 r − 1
= = units
81 3
⇒ Tr +1 = 3( r + 1) 2 + 2( r + 1) − 1
(D) Data could not be retrieved.
⇒ Qr = Tr +1 − Tr = 3[2r + 1] + 2[1]
3α + β
33. (A) = 3 3α + β = ± 2 3 . . .(i) ⇒ Qr = 6 r + 5
2
⇒ Qr +1 = 6( r + 1) + 5
Given α = 2 + 3β . . .(ii)
Common difference
From equation (i) and (ii), we get α = 2 or − 1 .
= Qr +1 − Qr = 6
So |α| = 1 or 2
a+b 2ab
38. (c) A1 = ; G1 ab ; H1 =
−3ax 2 − 2, x < 1 2 a+b
(B) f ( x) = 
 bx + a , x ≥ 1 A + H n−1
2
2 An −1 H n −1
An = n −1 ; Gn = An −1 H n −1 , ; H n =
For continuity −3a − 2 = b + a 2 a 2 + 3a + 2 = −b . . .(i) 2 An−1 + H n −1
For differentiability −6 a = b Clearly, G1 = G2 = G3 = ... = ab
6a = −b a − 3a + 2 = 0 a = 1, 2
2

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74 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
39. (a) A2 is A.M. of A1 and H 1 and A1 > H1 46. (7) When n5 takes value from 10 to 6 the carry forward
⇒ A1 > A2 > H1 A3 is A.M. of A2 and H 2 and A2 > H 2 moves from 0 to 4 which can be arranged in
⇒
4
A2 > A3 > H 2 C1 4 C2 4 C3 4 C4
4
C0 + + + + =7
∴ A1 > A2 > A3 > ... 4 3 2 1
Alternate solution
40. (b) As above A1 > H 2 > H1 , A2 > H 3 > H 2 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 1, 2, 3, 6, 8
∴ H1 < H 2 < H 3 < ... 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 1, 3, 4, 5, 7
2, 3, 4, 5, 6
41. Let S n = ∑ k ⋅ 2 n +1− k = 2 n +1 ∑ k ⋅ 2 − k = 2 n +1 ⋅ 2 1 − 1n − nn +1 
n n
Hence 7 solutions are there.
k =1 k =1  2 2 
(sum of the A.G.P.) = 2[2 n +1 − 2 − n ] 47. (9) Let seventh term be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’
n +1 S7 6
⇒ =2 ⇒ n=7 Given =
4 S11 11
⇒ a = 15d
k −1
1 Hence, 130 < 15 d < 140
42. (3) S k = k ! = ⇒
1 (k − 1)! d =9
1−
k 48. (6)
100
1 100
(k − 1) 2 − k
∑
k =2
(k − 3k + 1)
2
=∑
(k − 1)! k =2 (k − 1)! a
a+d

k −1 k
=∑ − 2 3
= − +
3 4
− + ...
(k − 2)! (k − 1)! 1! 2! 2! 3! a–d

2 1 2 3 3 4 99 100 100 Given Area = 24

= − + − + − + ... + − = 3− .
(a + d ) = a2 + ( a − d )
2 2
1! 0! 1! 2! 2! 3! 98! 99! 99!
1
−5 −4 −3
43. (8) a + a + 3(a ) + 1 + a + a ≥ ( a−5a−4 (a−3 )3 (1) (a8 )(a10 ) ) = 1
8 10
1/8 a ⋅ ( a − d ) = 24
2
1 +1 + 3 +1 +1+1
(using AM ≥ GM) a 2 + 2ad + d 2 = 2a 2 − 2ad + d 2

∴ a −5 + a −4 + 3a −3 + 1 + a8 + a10 ≥ 8 ⇒ a ⋅ ( a − d ) = 48 . . .(i)
⇒ 4d = a . . . (ii)
m
[2a1 + (m − 1)d ] From (i) and (ii) 4d ( 4d − d ) = 48
Sm m(6 + md − d )
44. (9) = 2 =
Sn n
[2a1 + (n − 1)d ] n(6 + nd − d ) ⇒ d = ±2; if d = 2
2 ⇒ a = 8; if d = –2
5n (6 + 5nd ) 5(6 − d + 5nd ) a = –8 (reject) sides are 8, 6, 10.
= = is free from n
n (6 + nd − d ) (6 − d + nd )
49. (157) First series is {1,4,7,10,13,........}
∴ 6−d =0 d =6
Second series is {2,7,12,17,........}
∴ a2 = a1 + d = 3 + 6 = 9 Third series is {3,10,17,24,..........}
b c See the least number in the third series which leaves
45. (6) = = (integer) b 2 = ac remainder 1 on dividing by 3 and leaves remainder 2 on
a b
dividing by 5.
b2 a + b + c ⇒ 52 is the least number of third series which leaves
⇒ c= = b + 2 a + b + c = 3b + 6
a 3
remainder 1 on dividing by 3 and leaves remainder 2 on
b2 dividing by 5
⇒ a − 2b + c = 6 ⇒ a − 2b + =6
a Now, A = 52
2
2b b 2 6  b  6 D is L.C.M. of (3,5,7) = 105
⇒ 1− + = −1 = a = 6 only
a a 2 a  a  a ⇒ A+D = 52+105 = 157
  
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Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem
Mathematical Induction and 75

6 Binomial Theorem
QUICK LOOK
Similarly use φ (n) = P (− n) for all negative integral values
1 1
Statement and Predicate φ (n) = P   for all fractional values of the form , r ∈ N
n r

A sentence which is either definitely true or definitely false
is called a statement. “Snow is white” is a statement but φ (n) = P(3m) for all positive multiples of 3, etc.
“Ram is a good boy” is not a statement.
Alternative Forms of PMI

Some sentences depend on a variable for its truth value (i.e,

P (n) is true for all n ∈ N if
true or false). “1+2+3+ …+ n = 2n–1” is a mathematical
sentence which is true for n = 1, 2 but false for n = 3, 4 etc. (i) P(1) and P (2) are true
As the sentence is definitely true or definitely false for a (ii) P(m) and P(m + 1) are true
particular positive integral value of n, the sentence is a ⇒ P(m + 2) is true
statement and it depends on n ∈ N for truth value. Such

P (n) is true for all n ∈ N if
statements are called predicates and smybolized as P (n).
(i) P(1), P(2) and P(3) are true
Peano’s Axiom (Principle of Mathematical Induction) (ii) P (m), P( m + 1) and P(m + 2) are true

A statement P (n) is true for all n ∈ N if
⇒ P (m + 3) is true
(i) P(1) is true

P (n) is true for all n ≥ k , n ∈ N and k is a fixed positive
(ii) P ( m) is true ⇒ P( m + 1) is true
integer, if
Verification of Truth of P(n): PMI is a principle which can be (i) P (k ) is true
used to verify whether a mathematical statement P(n) is true (ii) P(m) is true ⇒ P(m + 1) is true
for all n ∈ N in any branch of mathematics. For this take the
P (n) is true for all n ∈ N if
following steps:
(i) P(1), P(2),...., P(k ) are true

Put n = 1 on one side of the statement and then simplify it to
(ii) P(1), P(2),...., P(m) are true ⇒ P( m + 1) is true
take the shape of the other side where n = 1.

Then assume P ( m ) to be true. Use the mathematical result Use of PMI in Statements P(m, n): Some mathematical
obtained by putting n = m in the statement to establish statements are predicates of two arguments (i.e., truth value
P( m + 1) is true. depending on two variables m ∈ N , n ∈ N ). The method of

Use of Substitution in PMI: PMI may be used to prove establishing the truth of P ( m, n) for all m ∈ N , n ∈ N is as
whether a statement P(n) is true for a particular infinite follows:
sequence of value of n.
Keep m fixed and treat the statement P ( m, n) as φ (n).

If the true of P(n) is to be established for all positive even Establish the truth of φ (n) for all n ∈ N by using PMI.
integral values of n then take φ ( n) = P(2n) and use PMI to Next keep n fixed and treat the statement P ( m, n) as
prove that φ (n) is true for all n ∈ N . ψ (m). Establish the truth of ψ (n) for all n ∈ N by using

If the truth of P (n) is to be established for all positive odd PMI.
integral values of n then take φ (n) = P(2n − 1) and use PMI Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index
to prove that φ (n) is true for all n ∈ N .
( a + x ) n = n C0 a n + n C1a n −1 x + n C2 a n − 2 x 2 + .... + n Cn x n where

If the truth of P (n) is to be established for all n!
n
Cr =
n > k , n ∈ N , k ∈ N then take φ (n) = P ( n + k ) and use PMI r !(n − r )!
to prove that φ (n) is true for all n ∈ N .
(1 + x ) n = n C0 + n C1 x + n C2 x 2 + ... + n Cn x n

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76 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
n−2

(1 + x ) = ( x + 1) = C0 x + C1 x
n n n n n
+ ... + Cn
n
1

C0 + 2 n C1 + 2 n C2 + .... + 2 n Cn −1 + . 2 n Cn = 22 n −1
2n

when expanded in descending powers of x. 2

( a − x ) n = n C0 a n − n C1 a n −1 x + n C2 a n − 2 x 2 − ... + ( −1) n .n Cn x n We have C0 + C1 + C2 + .... + 2 n C2 n −1 + 2 n C2 n = 2 2 n
2n 2n 2n

∵ 2n
C0 = 2 n C2 n , 2 n C1 = 2 n C2 n −1 , etc. combining the terms
Terms in Expansion: In the expansion of ( a + x ) , n ∈ N n
equidistant from the beginning and end we get

The number of terms = n + 1
2( 2 n C0 + 2 n C1 + 2 n C2 + .... + 2 n Cn −1 ) + 2 n Cn = 2 2 n
n−r

( r + 1) th term = t r +1 = Cr a n
.x r
2 n +1

C0 + 2 n +1 C1 + 2 n +1 C2 + .... + 2 n +1 Cn = 2 2 n (as above)

kth term from the end {(n + 1) − (k −–1)}th
1)}th term = t( n +1) −( k −1)

Sum of the first half of n
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + .... + n Cn

middle term = t ( n +1) +1 , i.e. t nt n when n is even middle term
2 2 2
+1 = sum of the last half of n
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + .... + n Cn = 2n−1
= t n +1 , t n +3 when n odd.
Bino-geometric series
2 2 n
C0 + n C1 x + n C2 x 2 + .... + n Cn x n = (1 + x ) n .

Bino-arithmetic series
Properties of nCr for Simplification
a n C0 + ( a + d ) n C1 + (a + 2d ) n C2 + .... + ( a + nd ) n Cn

n
C0 = 1, Cn = 1
n
It is made by the sum of the products of corresponding

n
Cr = n Cn − r terms of the sequences

n
Cr + n C r −1 = n +1 Cr a, a + d , a + 2d ,...., a + nd ( AP) and n C0 , n C1 , n C 2 ,...., n Cn

n
Cr = n C k ⇒ r = k or r + k = n (sequence of binomial coefficients)
Such series can be added in two ways:

r .n Cr = n. n −1Cr −1
(i) by elimination of r in the multiplier of binomial
1 n 1 n +1 coefficient from the (r + 1)th term of the series (using

· Cr = · Cr +1
r +1 n +1 r. n Cr = n n −1Cr −1 )

The greatest among binomial coefficients
(ii) by differentiating the expansion of x a (1 + x d ) n
n
C0 , n C1 , n C2 ,...., n Cn = n C n when n is even
2

Bino-harmonic series
n n n n
n
C n −1 or n
C n +1 when n is odd. C0 C1 C2 Cn
+ + + .... +
2 2 a a + d a + 2d a + nd
It is made by the sum of the products of corresponding
Summation of Series Involving Binomial Coefficients: For
terms of the sequences
(1 + x ) n = n C0 + n C1 x + n C2 x 2 + ... + n C n x n , the binomial
1 1 1 1
coefficients are n
C0 , n C1 , n C2 ,...., n Cn . , , ,...., (HP)
a a + d a + 2d a + nd
and n C0 , n C1 , n C 2 ,...., n Cn (sequence of binomial coefficients).
A number of series may be formed with these coefficients
Such series are added in two ways:
figuring in the terms of a series. Standard series of the binomial
(i) by elimination of r in the multiplier of binomial
coefficients are as follows:
coefficients from the (r + 1)th term of the series

n
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + .... + n Cn = 2 n . . .(i)
 1 n 1 n +1 
It is obtained by putting x = 1 in the binomial expansion  using Cr = Cr +1 
 r +1 n +1 
for (1 + x ) n . (ii) by integrating suitable expansion.

n
C0 − n C1 + n C2 − .... + ( −1) n . n C n = 0 . . .(ii)
Bino-binomial series
It is obtained by putting x = − 1 in the binomial expansion
n
C0 .n Cr + n C1 .n Cr +1 + n C2 .n Cr + 2 + .... + n Cn − r .n Cn
for (1 + x ) n . or m
C0 .n Cr + m C1 .n Cr −1 + m C2 .n Cr − 2 + .... + m Cr .n C0

n
C0 + n C2 + n C4 + .... = 2 n −1 Such series are added by multiplying two expansions, one
involving the first factors as coefficients and the other
It is obtained by adding (i) and (ii).
involving the second factors as coefficients and finally

n
C1 + n C3 + n C5 + .... = 2 n −1
equating coefficients of a suitable power of x on both sides.
It is obtained by subtracting (ii) from (i).
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 Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem 77
Binomial Theorem for any Index Multiple Choice Questions
n( n − 1) 2 n( n − 1)( n − 2) 3 One and More than One Correct

(1 + x ) n = 1 + nx + x + x + .... to ∝,
2! 3! 1. For r = 0, 1,...,10, let Ar , Br and Cr denote, respectively, the
provided | x |< 1. r
coefficient of x in the expansions of (1 + x)10 , (1 + x ) 20
General term {(r + 1)th term} in the expansion of (1 + x ) n is 10
and (1 + x) 30 . Then ∑ A (B r 10 Br − C10 Ar ) is equal to
n(n − 1)( n − 2)....( n − r + 1) r r =1
tr +1 = x [JEE 2010 P-II]
r!
a. B10 − C10 b. A10 ( B102 − C10 A10 )

Some Useful Binomial Expansions for Summation of Series c. 0 d. C10 − B10

(1 − x ) − n = 1 + n C1 x + n +1C2 x 2 + n + 2 C3 x 3 + .... + n + r −1Cr x r + .... 2. The term independent of x in expansion of

10
to ∝, where n is a positive integer.  x +1 x −1 
 x 2 / 3 − x1/ 3 + 1 − x − x1/ 2  is [JEE Main 2013]
−n n +1 n+2  
(1 + x ) = 1 − C1 x +
n
C2 x −2
C3 x + ....
3

a. 4 b. 120
to ∝ where n ∈ N c. 210 d. 310

(1 − x ) −1 = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + .... to ∝ 4n k ( k +1)
3. Let Sn = ∑ (−1) 2
k 2 . Then S n can take value(s)
(1 − x ) −1 = 1 − x + x 2 − x 3 + x 4 − .... to ∝ k =1

(1 − x ) −2
= 1 + 2 x + 3 x + 4 x + .... to ∝
2 3 [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
a. 1056 b. 1088
(1 + x ) −2 = 1 − 2 x + 3 x 2 − 4 x 3 + .... to ∝ c. 1120 d. 1332
p 2 3
p  x  p( p + q)  x  p ( p + q )( p + 2q )  x  4. If the coefficients of x and x in the expansion of
− 3 4

(1 − x ) q
= 1+   +   +   + ....to ∝
1!  q  2!  q  3! q (1 + ax + bx 2 )(1 − 2 x )18 in powers of x are both zero, then
2 3 (a, b) is equal to: [JEE Main 2014]
p( p + q)  x  p ( p + q )( p + 2q )  x 
  +   + ....to ∝  251   251 
2!  q  3! q a. 16,  b. 14, 
p 2 3
 3   3 
− p  x  p( p + q )  x  p ( p + q )( p + 2q )  x 
(1 + x ) q
= 1−  +   −   + .... to ∝  272   272 
1!  q  2!  q  3! q c. 14, d. 16,
 
p 2 3
 3   3 

p  x  p( p − q )  x  p ( p − q )( p − 2q )  x 
(1 + x) q = 1 +  +   +   + ....to ∝
1!  q  2!  q  3! q 5. Coefficient of x11 in the expansion of
p
p  x  p( p − q )  x 
2
p ( p − q )( p − 2q )  x 
3 (1 + x ) (1 + ) (1 + x )
2 4 3 7 4 12
is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
(1 − x) q = 1 −  +   −   + .... to ∝
1!  q  2!  q  3! q a. 1051 b. 1106
c. 1113 d. 1120
Recoginising the Type of the Infinite Series 6. The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the

Each of the binomial, exponential and logarithmic series has binomial expansion of (1 − 2 x )50 is [JEE Main 2015]
infinite terms. 1 50 1 50
a. (3 + 1) b. (3 )

Series involving n ! s in the decominators of terms are 2 2
1 1
generally binomial or exponential series. But in a binomial c. (350 − 1) d. (250 + 1)
2 2
series the number of factors in the numerators (other than
7. If the number of terms in the expansion of
the power of a fixed number) of terms goes on increasing.
n

Logarithmic series do not contain n ! s in the denominators  2 4
1 − + 2  , x ≠ 0, is 28, then the sum of coefficients of
 x x 
1
of terms. The terms contain s. all the terms in this expansion, is: [JEE Main 2016]
n
a. 64 b. 2187 c. 243 d. 729

@iitjeehelps
78 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
8. The sum of the series 2 ⋅ C0 + 5 ⋅ C1 + 8 ⋅ C2 + 11 ⋅ C3
20 20 20 20 16. The sum of the real values of x for which the middle term
8
+.... + 62 ⋅ 20 C20 is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]  x3 3 
in the binomial expansion of  +  equals 5670 is:
a. 224 b. 225  3 x
c. 226 d. 223 [JEE Main 2019]
a. 6 b. 8
9. The sum of the coefficients of all even degree terms in x
c. 0 d. 4
( ) ( )
6 6
in the expansion of x + x 3 − 1 + x + x 3 − 1 , ( x > 1)
17. The value of r for which
is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] 20
Cr 20
C 0 + 20 C r −120 C1 + 20 C r − 2 20 C 2 + ... + 20 C 0 20 C r
a. 32 b. 26 is maximum [JEE Main 2019]
c. 29 d. 24 a. 20 b. 15
10. If the fourth term in the binomial expansion of c. 11 d. 10
6
 1 
1
18. ( x + 10)50 + ( x − 10)50 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + .... + a50 x 50 , for all
 + x  is equal to 200, and x > 1, then the
12
 X 1+ log10 x  a2
  x∈R, then R is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
value of x is: [JEE Main 2019] a0
a. 103 b. 104 a. 12.50 b. 12.00
c. 100 d. 10 c. 12.75 d. 12.25
3 19. Let S n = 1 + q + q 2 + ..... + q n and [JEE Main 2019]
1− t6 
11. The coefficient of t4 in the expansion of   is  q +1  q +1
2
 q +1
n

 1− t  Tn = 1 +  +  + ...... +   where q is a

 2   2   2 
[JEE Main 2019]
a. 12 b. 13 real number and q ≠ 1. If 101
C1 + 101C2 ⋅ S1 +... +
c. 10 d. 14 101
C101 ⋅ S100 = α T100 , then α is equal to:
12. If the third term in the binomial expansion of (1 + x log2 x )5 a. 2100 b. 200
99
c. 2 d. 202
equals 2560, then a possible value of x is:
20. A ratio of the 5th term from the beginning to the 5th term
[JEE Main 2019]
10
 1 
a. 2 2 b. 1/8 from the end in the binomial expansion of  21/3 + 1/ 3 
c. 4 2 d. 1/4  2(3) 
13. Consider the statement: “P(n): n2 – n + 41 is prime.” Then is: [JEE Main 2019]
1 1
which one of the following is true? [JEE Main 2019] a. 1: 4(16) 3 b. 1: 2(6) 3
a. P(5) is false but P(3) is true 1 1
b. Both P(3) and P(5) are false c. 2(36) 3 :1 d. 4(36) 3 :1
c. P(3) is false but P(5) is true
21. The total number of irrational terms in the binomial
d. Both P(3) and P(5) are true
expansion of (71 / 2 − 31/10 ) 60 is: [JEE Main 2019]
14. The positive value of λ for which the co-efficient of x2 in
10
a. 55 b. 49 c. 48 d. 54
 λ 
the expression x  x + 2  is 720, is:
2

 x  Paragraph
[JEE Main 2019]
Paragraph for Question No. 22 to 23
a. 5 b. 4 c. 2 2 d. 3
25
Let an denote the number of all n-digit positive integers formed
15. If ∑{
r =0
50
Cr ⋅ 50 − r C25− r } = K ( 50 C25 ) , then K is equal to: by the digits 0, 1 or both such that no consecutive digits in them
are 0. Let bn = the number of such n-digit integers ending with
[JEE Main 2019]
digit 1 and cn = the number of such n-digit integers ending with
a. 2 − 1
25
b. (25) 2

digit 0. [JEE 2012 P-II]

c. 225 d. 224

@iitjeehelps
Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem 79
22. Which of the following is correct? ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
a. a17 = a16 + a15 10
1. (d) Let y = ∑ Ar ( B10 Br − C10 Ar )
b. c17 ≠ c16 + c15 r =1

10
c. b17 ≠ b16 + c16 ∑AB
20
r r = coefficient of x in
r =1
d. a17 = c17 + b16
((1 + x)10 ( x + 1) 20 ) − 1 = C20 − 1 = C10 − 1
23. The value of b6 is 10

∑(A )
10
and r
2
= coefficient of x in
a. 7 b. 8 r =1

c. 9 d. 11 ((1 + x)10 ( x + 1)10 ) − 1 = B10 − 1

⇒ y = B 10 (C10 − 1) − C10 ( B10 − 1) = C10 − B10 .
Integer & Subjective
10
 x +1 x −1 
24. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a11 be real number satisfying 2. (c)  2 / 3 1/ 3 −
 x − x + 1 x − x1/ 2 
a1 = 15,27 − 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak −1 − ak −2 for k = 3,4,...,11.
⇒ [( x1/ 3 + 1) − (1 + x −1/ 2 )]10 ⇒ [ x1/ 3 − x −1/ 2 ]10
a + a + ... + a
2 2 2
a + a + ... + a11
If 1 2
= 90, then the value of 1 2
11
⇒ Tr +1 = 10Cr ( x1/ 3 )10−r (− x −1/ 2 )r
11 11
10− r − r
( −1)r
is equal to [JEE 2010 P-II] Tr +1 = 10Cr x 3 2

20−5 r
25. The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 + x)n + 5 ( −1) r
Tr +1 = 10Cr x 6

are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then n = ⇒ 20 − 5r = 0

[JEE Adv. 2013 P-I] ⇒ r=4
26. The coefficient of x9 in the expansion of ⇒ T5 = 10C4 = 210
(1 + x ) (1 + x 2 ) (1 + x 3 ).....(1 + x100 ) is 4n k (k +1) (n−1)
3. (a, d) Sn = ∑(−1) 2
k 2 ∑ ((4r + 4)2 + (4r + 3)2 − (4r + 2)2 − (4r +1)2 )
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-II] k =1 r =0

( n −1)
27. Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the = ∑ (2(8r + 6) + 2(8r + 4))
r =0
2
coefficient of x in the expansion of
( n −1)

(1 + x) 2 + (1 + x )3 + ... + (1 + x )49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C3 = ∑ (32r + 20)

r =0
= 16( n − 1) n + 20n
for some positive integer n. Then the value of n is
1056 for n = 8
[JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] = 4n (4 n + 1) = 
1332 for n = 9
28. Let X = ( 10 C1 ) 2 + 2( 10 C2 ) 2 + 3( 10 C3 ) 2 + ... + 10( 10 C10 ) 2 , 4. (d) (1 + ax + bx 2 ) [1 −18 C1 2x +18 C2 (2 x)2 ) −18 C3 (2 x)3 + 18C4 (2 x)4 ...]
where 10 Cr , r ∈ {1, 2,...,10} denote binomial coefficients. Coefficient of x3 is
−18 C3 (23 ) + a (18 C 2 × 4) − b (18 C1 × 2) = 0 . . .(i)
1
Then, the value of X is ______. Coefficient of x is 4
1430
[JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
18
C4 (24 ) + a (−18 C3 23 ) +18 C2b 22 = 0 . . .(ii)
Or solving both these equation
n n

∑k
k =0
∑
k =0
n
Ck .k 2

5.
A = 16 and b = 272/3.
(c) 2 x1 + 3x2 + 4 x3 = 11
29. = 0 holds for some positive integer
n n

∑ ∑
n n Possibilities are (0, 1, 2); (1, 3, 0); (2, 1, 1); (4, 1, 0).
Ck .k Ck .3k
k =0 k =0
∴ Required coefficients
= (4 C0 ×7 C1 ×12 C2 ) + (4 C1 ×7 C3 ×12 C0 ) + (4 C2 ×7 C1 ×12 C1 ) + (4 C4 ×7 C1 ×1)
n n
Ck
n, then ∑ k + 1 equals.
k =0
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-II] = (1× 7 × 66) + (4 × 35 × 1) + (6 × 7 × 12) + (1× 7)
= 462 + 140 + 504 + 4 = 113.
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 80 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

(a) (1 − 2 x )50 = 50C0 − 50C1 (2 x )1 + 50C2 (2 x ) 2 − 50C3 (2 x )3 + 50C41(2  43 1

6. =  x ) .... +  t
 2(1 + t ) 4
x )1 + 50 C2 (2 x ) 2 − 50C3 (2 x )3 + 50C4 (2 x ) 4 ....
where t = log10x
So, sum of coefficient Integral powers of x
⇒ t2 + 3t – 4 = 0
S = C0 + C2 ⋅ 2 + C4 ⋅ 2 + ... + C50 ⋅ 2
50 50 2 50 4 50 50
⇒ t =1,–4
Now, (1 + x)50 = 1 + 50C1x + 50C2 x2 + 50C3 x3 + 50C4 x4 + ... + 50C50 x50 ⇒ x =10, 10–4
Put x = 2, − 2 ⇒ x = 10 (as x > 1)
3 =1+ C1 ⋅ 2+ C2 ⋅ 2 + C3 ⋅ 2 + C4 ⋅ 2 +... + C50 ⋅ 2
50 50 50 2 50 3 50 4 50 50
. . .(i) 11. (b) (1 − t 6 ) 3 (1 − t ) −3
1 1==1−50C1 ⋅ 2+ 50C2 ⋅ 22 + 50C3 ⋅ 23 + 50C4 ⋅ 24 +... +50C50 ⋅ 250 . . .(ii) (1 − t 18 − 3t 6 + 3t 12 )(1 − t ) −3
Equation (i) and (ii) ⇒ coefficient of t4 in (1 + t)–3 is
350 + 1 = 2[1 + 50C2 ⋅ 22 + 50C4 ⋅ 24 + ... + 50C50 ⋅ 250 ] 3 + 4 −1
C 4 = 6 C2 = 15
350 + 1
∴ = 1 + 50C2 ⋅ 22 + 50C4 ⋅ 24 + ... + 50C50 ⋅ 250 12. (d) (1 + x log 2 x )5
2
T3 = 5C2 ⋅ ( x log 2 x ) = 2560
7. (d or Bonus) Theoretically the number of terms are 2N +
1 (i.e. odd) But as the number of terms being odd hence ⇒ 10. x 2log 2 x = 2560
considering that number clubbing of terms is done hence ⇒ x 2 log 2 x = 256
the solutions follows: Number of terms ⇒ 2(log 2 x ) 2 = log 2 256
n+ 2
= C2 = 28
⇒ 2(log 2 x ) 2 = 8
∴ n=6
⇒ (log 2 x ) 2 = 4
Sum of coefficient = 3n = 36 = 729
⇒ log 2 x = 2 or – 2
Put x = 1
1
8. (b) 2 ⋅ 20 C0 + 5 ⋅ 20 C1 + 8 ⋅ 20C 2 + 11 ⋅ 20C3 + .... + 62 ⋅ 20C 20 x = 4 or
4
20
= ∑ (3r + 2) 20Cr 13. (d) P(n) : n2 – n + 41 is prime
r =0
P(5) = 61 which is prime
20 20
= 3∑ r ⋅ Cr + 2∑ Cr 20 20
P(3) = 47 which is also prime
r =0 r =0

 20 
20  λ  
r

= 3∑ r   19
C r −1 + 2.2 20
= 60.2 + 2.2 = 2 19 20 25 14. (b) x 2  10 Cr ( x )10−r  2  

r =0  r    x  
10 − r

( ) ( )  
6 6
9. (d) x + x 3 − 1 + x + x 3 − 1 ⇒ x 2  10 Cr ( x) 2 (λ ) r ( x) −2 r 
 
= 2[ 6C0 x 6 + 6C 2 x 4 ( x 3 − 1) + 6 C4 x 2 ( x 3 − 1) 2 + 6 C6 ( x 3 − 1)3 ] 10 −5 r
 
= 2[ C0 x + C2 x − C2 x + C4 x + C4 x − 2 C4 x
6 6 6 7 6 4 6 8 6 2 6 5 ⇒ x 2  10 Cr λ r x 2 
 
+ ( x 9 − 1 − 3 x 6 + 3 x 3 )] r=2
∵
⇒ Sum of coefficient of even powers of x Hence,
= 2[1 – 15 + 15 + 15 – 1 – 3] = 24 10
C2 λ 2 = 720

 x +log1 x 2
3
1
λ 2 = 16
10. (d) 200 = 6C3  X 10  ×X4 λ=±4
 
 
25

10 = X
1
2 (1+ log x )
10
+
1
4
15. (c) ∑
r =0
50
Cr ⋅ 50 − r C25− r

@iitjeehelps
Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem 81
25
50! (50 − r )! ∴ for rational term,
=∑ ×
r =0 r !(50 − r )! (25)!(50 − r )! r = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
25 25 ⇒ no. of rational terms = 7
50! 25!
=∑ × = 50 C25 ∑ 25Cr = (225 ) 50 C25 ∴ number of irrational terms = 54
r = 0 25!25! (25 − r )!( r )! r =0

∴ K = 225 22. (a) a1 = 1 a2 = 2 a3 = 3 a4 = 5

x 12
81 a n is following Fibonacci series. Hence a17 = a16 + a15 .
16. (c) T5 = 8 C 4 × = 5670
81 x 4
⇒ 70 x8 = 5670 23. (b) 1 1
Total no. of ways exactly two consecutive two is = 5 ways
⇒ x=± 3
Total no. of ways exactly three consecutive two is = 2
17. (a) Given sum = coefficient of xr in the expansion ways
of (1 + x)20(1 + x)20, Total no. of ways exactly four consecutive two is = 1 ways
which is equal to 40 Cr .
So, b6 = 5 + 2 + 1 = 8
It is maximum when r = 20
24. (0) ak = 2ak −1 − ak −2
18. (d) ( x + 10)50 + ( x − 10)50
⇒ a1 , a2 ,..., a11 are in A.P.
⇒ a2 = 2. 50 C210 48 , a0 = 2.10 50
a12 + a22 + ... + a112 11a 2 + 35 × 11d 2 + 10ad
a2 50 C2 ∴ = = 90
= =12.25 11 11
a0 10 2
⇒ 225 + 35d 2 + 150d = 90
19. (a) 101
C1 + 101C 2 S1 + ... + 101C101 S100 = α T100 35d 2 + 150d + 135 = 0 ⇒ d = −3, −9 / 7
101
C1 + 101C2 (1 + q ) + 101C3 (1 + q + q 2 ) + ... + 101C101 27
Given a2 < ∴ d = −3 and
(1 + q + .... + q 100
) 2
  1 + q 101  a1 + a2 + ... + a11 11
d ≠ 9/7 ⇒ = [30 − 10 × 3] = 0.
1 −    11 2
  2  
= 2α
(1 − q ) 25. (6) Let Tr −1 , Tr , Tr +1 are three consecutive terms of
⇒ 101
C1 (1 − q ) + 101C 2 (1 − q 2 ) + ... + 101C101 (1 − q101 ) (1 + x)n + 5
n +5
  1 + q 101  Tr −1 = Cr − 2 ( x) r − 2 , Tr = n + 5Cr −1 x r −1 , Tr +1 = n + 5Cr x r
= 2α 1 − 
  2   n+5
  Where, Cr − 2 :n + 5 Cr −1 :n + 5 Cr = 5 :10 :14.
  1 + q 101  n +5
Cr − 2 n+5
Cr −1 n + 5 Cr
⇒ (2101 − 1) − ((1 + q )101 − 1) = 2α 1 −  = =
  2  
So
  5 10 14
n +5 n+5
  1 + q 101    1 + q 101  Cr − 2 Cr −1
so from = ⇒ n − 3 r = −3 . . .(i)
⇒ =2 101
 
1 −   = 2α 1 −    5 10
  2     2   n+5
Cr −1 n + 5 Cr
⇒ a=2 100 = ⇒ 5n − 12r = −30 . . .(ii)
10 14
 1 
4 From equation (i) and (ii) n = 6
C4 (21/ 3 )10− 4 
10
1/ 3 
T5
20. (d) 1 =  2(3)  = 4.(36)1/ 3 26. (8) x9 can be formed in 8 ways
T5 10  1 10− 4 1/ 3 4
C4  1/ 3  (2 ) i.e., x 9 , x1+8 , x 2+ 7 , x 3+ 6 , x 4+5 , x1+ 2+ 6 , x1+3+5 , x 2 +3+ 4 and
 2(3 ) 
coefficient in each case is 1
21. (d) General term ⇒ Coefficient of
60 − r r
Tr +1 = 60 Cr 7 5
310 x9 = 1 + 1 + 1 + .........+ 1 = 8
8 times

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82 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
2 n
27. (5) Coefficient x n( n + 1)
⇒ 2
C2 + 3C2 + 4C2 + ....... + 49C2 + 50C2 m 2 = (3n + 1) 51C3
29. (6) We know ∑k =
k =1
2
⇒ 3
C3 + C2 + C2 + ....... + C2 + C2 m = (3n + 1) C3
3 4 49 50 2 51
n
n( n + 1)(2n + 1)
⇒ n
Cr + Cr −1 =
n n +1
Cr ⇒ 50
C3 + C2 ⋅ m = (3n + 1) C3
50 2 51 ∑k
k =1
2
=
6
51 50 2
⇒ 50
C3 + 50C2 + (m 2 − 1) 50C2 = 3n ⋅ C2 + 51C3 n
 n(n + 1) 
3 ∑ k3 = 
 6 

⇒ 51
C3 + ( m 2 − 1) 50C2 = 51 n ⋅ 50C2 + 51C3 k =1

After simplifying determinant we obtain

⇒ m 2 − 1 = 51n m2 = 51n + 1
n(n + 1) n 2 n2 (n − 1)
Min value of m for 51n + 1 is integer for n = 5.
2
− − =0
2 4 8
28. (646) (1 + x )10 = 10 C0 + 10 C1 x + 10 C2 x 2 + ... + 10 C10 x10 n=0
Differentiate both sides w.r.t x, Or 4(n + 1) − 2n − n(n − 1) = 0
10(1 + x )9 = 10 C1 + 2 ⋅ 10 C2 x + 3 10 C3 x 2 + ... + 10 10 C10 x 9 . . . (i) 4n + 4 − 2n − n 2 + n = 0
(1 + x )10 = 10 C0 x10 + 10 C1 x9 + ... + 10 C10 . . . (ii) 3n − n2 + 4 = 0
Coefficient of x 9 in 10(1 + x )9 (1 + x )10 is same as ⇒ n 2 − 3n − 4 = 0

( 10 C1 ) 2 + 2( 10 C2 ) 2 + 3( 10 C3 ) 2 + ... + 10( 10 C10 ) 2 (n − 4)(n + 1) = 0 n = 4

4 4 4 5
= Coefficient of x 9 in 10(1 + x )19 = 10 × 19 C9 = X
∑ ∑
Cr Cr +1
=
r +1 5
1 1 19 × 18 ×17 × 16 × 15 × 14 ×13 ×12 × 11 r =0 r =0
X = × 10 ×
1430 1430 9 ×8× 7 × 6 × 5× 4 × 3× 2 25 − 1 31
= = = 6.20
= 646 5 5

  

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Exponential and Logarithm Series 83

7 Exponential and Logarithm Series

QUICK LOOK
If the characteristic a of log x is positive then x is a number
whose integral part of a + 1 digits.
Logarithm and Its Properties If the characteristic a of log10 x is negative, say –b, then x

log a b = x ⇔ a x = b (a is known as the base of the is a proper fraction, in the decimal form of which there will
logarithm) be b –1 zeros immediately after the decimal point before a

log a b is real if b > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1 significant digit appears.

log a 1 = 0
For each of x,10 x,100 x, etc., mantissa of logarithm is the
same. But their characteristics go on increasing by 1.

log a a = 1
Difference between the exponential and logarithmic series

log a ( m × n) = log a m + log a n
x x2 x3
m
In the exponential series e x = 1 + + + + … ∞ all the

log a = log a m − log a n 1! 2! 3!
n
terms carry positive signs whereas in the logarithmic series

log a m n = n log a m
x 2 x3 x 4
1 log e (1 + x) = x − + − +…∞ the terms are

log an m = log a m 2 3 4
n alternatively positive and negative.
log x b
In the exponential series the denominator of the terms

log a b =
log x a involve factorial of natural numbers. But in the logarithmic

log a b × log b c = log a c series the terms do not contain factorials.

The exponential series is valid for all the values of x. The
1

log a b = logarithmic series is valid, when | x |< 1.
log b a

a log a x = x Exponential Series “e”:
n
 1
Equality and Inequality in Logarithm The limiting value of  1 +  when n tends to infinity is
 n

log a x = log a y
denoted by e.
⇔ x= y n
 1 1 1 1 1

log a x > log b y i.e., e = lim 1 +  = 1 + + + + + … ∞ =2.71 (Nearly)
n →∞
 n 1! 2! 3! 4!
⇔ x > y when a > 1

e lies between 2.7 and 2.8.
a < y when 0 < a < 1
1 1
≤
i.e., 2.7 < e < 2.8 (since for n ≥ 2).
Characteristic and Mantissa n ! 2n −1

If log10 x = a ⋅ bcd … where 0 ⋅ bcd … is positive, a being an
The value of e correct to 10 places of decimals is
integer and b c, d, etc., 2.7182818284.
being digits then a is the characteristic and 0 ⋅ bcd … is the
e is an irrational (incommensurable) number.
mantissa of log10 x.
e is the base of natural logarithm (Napier logarithm) i.e.,
If log10 x = 3.15642 then 3 is the characteristic and 0.15642 ln x = log e x and log10 e is known as Napier an constant.
is the mantissa. log10 e = 0.43429448,
If log10 x = −4.2354 then
ln x = 2.303log10 x.
log10 x = 4 − 0.2354 = − 5 + (1 − 0.2354) = −5 + 0.7646.
 1 
We write log10 x = 5.7646 in which –5 is the characteristic
 since ln x = log10 x.log e 10 and log e 10 = = 2.30258509 
 log10 e 
and 0.7646 is the mantissa.
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84 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Expansion of Exponential Series ∞
1 1 1 1
x x x x2 3 r

∑ (n + 1)! = 2! + 3! + 4! + .........∞ = e − 2
n =1
For x ∈ R, e x = 1 + + + +… + + …∞
1! 2! 3! r! e x + e− x x2 x4 x6 ∞
x2n
∞ n

= 1 + + + + .......∞ = ∑
x 2 2! 4! 6! n = 0 (2 n)!
or ex = ∑ .
n =0 n ! e x − e− x x3 x5 ∞
x 2 n+1

= x + + + .......∞ = ∑
n = 0 (2 n + 1)!
n
(ax) 2 3! 5!
∴ Tn +1 = General term in the expansion of e ax = and
n! ( ax ) ( ax) 2 ( ax)3 ( ax) n

e ax = 1 + + + + ...... + + ......∞
1 1! 2! 3! n!
coefficient of x n in e x = .
n! (ax) n
x ∴ Tn +1 = General term in the expansion of e ax = and
The above series known as exponential series and e is called n!
exponential function. Exponential function is also denoted by an
exp. i.e., exp A = e ; ∴ exp x = e . A x coefficient of x n in eax =
n!
Replacing x by − x, we obtain ∞
1 1 1 1 e + e−1 ∞ 1

∑ (2n)! = 1 + 2! + 4! + 6! + … ∞ = =∑ .
2 n=1 (2n − 2)!
2 3 n
x x x x n =0
e− x = 1 − + − + … + (−1)n + …∞ ∞ ∞
1! 2! 3! n! 1 1 1 1 1 e − e −1

∑ (2n − 1)! = 1! + 3! + 5! + ...∞ =∑
n = 0 (2n + 1)!
=
2
xn n =1
∴ Tn +1 = General term in the expansion of e− x = (−1)n and ∞ ∞
n! n n

∑ n ! = e = ∑ n!
n =0 n =1
( −1) n
coefficient of x n in e − x = . ∞
n2 ∞
n2
n!
∑
n =0 n !
= 2e = ∑
n =1 n !

Exponential Function ax, where a > 0 ∞

n3 ∞
n3
x

∑ n! = 5e = ∑ n!
∵ a x = e log e a = e x loge a n =0 n=1

∞ 4 ∞
n4
∴ a x = eα x . . .(i)

n
∑ n! = 15e = ∑ n !
n =0 n =1
where α = log e a
x x 2 x3 xr Logarithmic Series: An expansion for log e (1 + x ) as a series of
We have, e x = 1 + + + … + + …∞
1! 2! 3! r! powers of x which is valid only, when | x | < 1.
Replacing x by α x in this series, Expansion of log e (1 + x ); if | x |< 1, then
αx α x 2 2
α x
3 3
α xr r
x 2 x3 x 4
eα x = 1 + + + +… + +…∞ log e (1 + x) = x −+ − + …∞
1! 2! 3! r! 2 3 4
Hence from (i), Replacing x by − x in the logarithmic series, we get
log e a (log e a )2 2 (log e a ) r x r x 2 x3 x 4
ax = 1+ x+ x +… + + …∞ log e (1 − x) = − x − − − − ........∞
1! 2! r! 2 3 4
Some Standard Results from Exponential Series x 2 x3 x 4
Or − log e (1 − x) = x + + + + ........∞
∞
1 ∞
1 ∞
1 2 3 4

∑ n! =∑ (n − 1)! = ∑ (n − k)! == e
n =0 n =0 n =0 Some Important Results from Logarithmic Series
∞
1 1 1 1

∑
n =1 n!
= + + +..........∞ =
1! 2! 3!
= e −–1
1
log e (1 + x) + log e (1 − x) = log e (1 − x 2 ) = −2 + + ........∞ ,(−1 < x <
x 2
x 4

∞
1 1 1 1 log (1 + x) + log (1 − x) = log (1 − x 2 ) = −2  + + ........∞  ,(−1 < x < 1)

∑
n=2 n!
= + + + .........∞ = e − 2
2! 3! 4!
2 4 
∞  x 3 x5 
1 1 1 1 log (1 + x ) − log (1 − x ) = 2  x + + + ........∞ 

∑
n = 0 ( n + 1)!
= + + + .........∞ = e − 1
1! 2! 3!
e e
 3 5 
∞
1 1 1 1 1+ x   x3 x5 

∑ (n + 2)! = 2! + 3! + 4! + .........∞ = e − 2 Or log e   = 2  x + + + ........∞ 
n =0  1− x   3 5 

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Exponential and Logarithm Series 85

The series expansion of log e (1 + x ) may fail to be valid, if Column I Column II
| x | is not less than 1. It can be proved that the logarithmic (A) The minimum value of 1. 0
x2 + 2x + 4
series is valid for x = 1. Putting x = 1 in the logarithmic x+2
is
series. (B) Let A and B be 3 × 3 2. 1
1 1 1 1 1 matrices of real numbers,
We get, log e 2 = 1 − + − + − +…∞
2 3 4 5 6 where A is symmetric, B is
1 1 1 skew symmetric, and
= + + +…∞
1.2 3.4 5.6 (A + B) (A–B) = (A – B) =

When x = −1, the logarithmic series does not have a sum. (A + B). If ( AB)t = (−1)k

This is in conformity with the fact that log (1 − 1) is not a AB, where ( AB)t is the

finite quantity. transpose of the matrix

AB , then the possible
Multiple Choice Questions values of k are
One and More than One Correct (C) Let a = log 3 log 3 2. An 3. 2

1. Let ( x0 , y0 ) be the solution of the following equations integer k satisfying

( − k + 3− a )
(2 x)ln 2 = (3 y)ln 3 , 3ln x = 2ln y Then x0 is [JEE 2011 P-I] 1< 2 < 2, must be
less than
1 1
a. b. (D) If sin θ + cos φ , then the 4. 3
6 3
1 possible value of
c. d. 6 1 π
2 θ ±φ −  are
π  2
2. If 3x = 4 x −1 , then x = [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II] a. A→ 3; B→ 2,4; C→ 3,4; D→ 1,3
2 log 3 2 2 b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
a. b. c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
2 log 3 2 − 1 2 − log 2 3
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
1 2 log 2 3
c. d.
1 − log 4 3 2 log 2 3 − 1 Integer & Subjective

 1− x   2x  6. The value of
3. If f ( x) = log e   , | x |< 1, than f 2 
is equal to
1+ x  1+ x   
1 1 1 1
6 + log 3  4− 4− 4−  is
[JEE Main 2019] 
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 
2  
a. 2 f ( x) b. 2 f ( x )
[JEE 2012 P-I]
c. ( f ( x)) 2 d. −2 f ( x ) 2 1 1

dy 7. The value of (log 2 9) ( )

2 log (log 9)
2 2 × ( 7) log 4 7
is ______.
4. For x > 1, if (2x)2y = 4 e2x–2y then (1 + loge 2x)2 is equal to
dx [JEE 2018 P-I]
[JEE Main 2019]
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
x log e 2 x + log e 2
a. log e 2 x b. 1. (c) Let ln x = p, ln y = q
x
x log e 2 x − log e 2 ln 2 = 1, ln 3 = b
c. x log e 2 x d.
x Now, (2 x)ln 2 = (3 y)ln 3
Matrix Match / Column Match
⇒ a (a + p) = b(b + p) . . .(i)
5 Match the Statements/Expressions in Column I with the
3ln x = 2ln y
Statements/Expressions in Column II [JEE 2008 P-II]
⇒ (ln x)(ln 3) = (ln y )(ln 2)

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86 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ pb = qa . . .(ii) x2 + 2x + 4
5. (a) (A) y =
pb p x+2
From (i) a 2 − b2 = bq − pa = b. − pa = (b 2 − a 2 ) ⇒
a a x 2 + (2 − y ) x + 4 − 2 y = 0
⇒ p = −a ⇒ y 2 + 4 y − 12 ≥ 0 y ≤ −6 or y ≥ 2
⇒ ln x = − ln 2 Minimum value is 2.
1 (B) ( A + B) ( A − B ) = ( A − B) ( A + B)
⇒ x=
2 ⇒ AB = BA
As A is symmetric and B is skew symmetric
2. (a, b, c) log 2 3 x = ( x − 1) log 2 4 = 2( x − 1)
⇒ ( AB ) t = − AB
⇒ x log 2 3 = 2 x − 2
⇒ k = 1 and k = 3
2
⇒ x= (C) a = log 3 log 3 2 ⇒ 3− a = log 2 3
2 − log 2 3
3

−2 2 log 3 2 Now 1 < 2− k +log2 < 2

Rearranging, we get x = = ⇒ 1 < 3.2− k < 2
2−
1 2 log 3 2 − 1
log 3 2 3
⇒ log 2   < k < log 2 (3)
1 2
log 3 4 log 4 3 1 ⇒ k = 1 or k < 2 and k < 3.
Rearranging again, x = = = .
log 3 4 − 1 1 1 − log 4 3
(D) sin θ = cos φ
−1
log 4 3
π 
⇒ cos  − θ  = cos φ
 2 
B1 A3
π
π /6 − θ = 2nπ ± φ
B2 A2 2
O 1 π
B3 A1 θ ±φ −  = −2n ⇒ 0 and 2 are possible.
π  2
x = −1/ 2 x = 1/ 2
1 1 1 1
6. (4) 6 + log 3/ 2 4− 4− 4− ...
 1− x  3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
3. (a) f ( x) = log e   , | x |< 1,
1+ x 
1 1
 2x  put x = 4 − 4− ...
 2x   1 − 1 + 2 x2  3 2 3 2
f 2 
= ℓn  
1− x  x
 1+ 2x 2  x2 = 4 −
 1 + 2x  3 2
 ( x − 1) 2  1− x 3 2 x 2 = 12 2 − x
= ℓn  2 
= 2ℓn = 2 f ( x)
 ( x + 1)  x +1 3 2 x 2 + x − 12 2 = 0
4. (d) (2 x ) 2 y = 4e 2 x − 2 y 4 2
⇒ x= ; x = − 3/ 2 not possible
2 yℓn 2 x = ℓn 4 + 2 x − 2 y 3
x + ℓn 2  1 4 2
y= 6 + log 3/ 2  × 
1 + ℓn2 x 3 2 3 
1
(1 + ℓn 2 x)(1 + ℓn2) 4
x 6 + log 3/ 2  
y′ = 9
(1 + ℓn 2 x) 2
6−2 = 4
 xℓn 2 x − ℓn2 
y ′(1 + ℓn2 x) 2 = 
(( log )
2 log (log 2 9 )2
( 7)
log 7 4

 x 
 7. (8) 2 9) × = 4× 2 = 8

  

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Permutations and Combinations 87

8 Permutations and Combinations

QUICK LOOK allowed) n(when at least one thing is to be selected).

The total number of selections from p like things, q like
Counting of Number of Ways to do Some Work: If a work things of another type and r distinct things
W consists of two parts W1 , W2 of which one part can be done = ( p + 1) ( q + 1)2 r − 1 (if at least one thing is to be selected)
in m ways and the other part in n ways then ( p + 1) (q + 1)2r − 2 (if none or all cannot be selected)

The work W can be done in m + n ways, if by doing any of

The total number of selections of r things from n different
the parts the work W is done. (Addition law of counting)
things when each thing can be repeated unlimited number of

The work W can be done in mn ways, if both the parts are
times = n + r −1 Cr .
to be done one after the other to do the work W.
(Multiplication law of counting). Similar is the law for Number of Distributions
works that have 3 or more parts. If a work is to be done

The number of ways to distribute n different things between
under some restriction then
two persons, one receiving p things and the other q things,

The number of ways to do the work under the restriction =
where p + q = n , n = n C p × n − p C p
(the number of ways to do the work without restriction) – (the
number of ways to do the work under opposite restriction). n! (n − p )! n!
= × = {∵n = p + q}
p !( n − p)! q !( n − p − q)! p ! q !
Counting Formulae for Permutation
Similarly for 3 persons, the number of ways

The number of permutations (arrangements) of n different
things taking r at a time n!
= , where p + q + r = n.
n! p !q !r !
= n Pr = where n ! = 1.2.3...n
( n − r )!
The number of ways to distribute m × n different things

The number of permutations of n things taking at a time of (mn)!
among n persons equally .
which p things are identical, q things are identical of (m !) n
n!
The number of ways to divide n different things into three
another type and the rest are different = .
p! q! n! 1
bundles of p, q and r things = . .

The number of arrangements of n different things round a p ! q !r ! 3!
closed curve = (n − 1)! if clockwise and anticlockwise
The number of ways to divide m × n different things into n
1 (mn)! 1
arrangements are considered (n − 1)! if
different, equal bundles . .
2 (m !) n n !
clockwise and anticlockwise arrangements are considered
The total number of ways to divide n identical things among
identical. (Circular permutation)
r persons = n + r −1 Cr −1 .
Counting Formulae for Combination
The total number of ways to divide n identical things among

The number of combinations (selections) of n different r persons so that each gets at least one = n −1 Cr −1 .
things taking r at a time
n! Use of Solution of Linear Equations and Coefficient of a Power
= n Cr = .
r !(n − r )! in Expansion to Find the Number of Ways of Distribution

The total number of selections of one ore more objects from
The number of integral solutions of x1 + x2 + x3 +…+ xr = n
n different objects where x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0, ...xr ≥ 0 is the same as the number of
= 2nn –1=
− 1( =( n C1 + n C2 + n C3 + ... + n Cn ). ways to distribute n identical things among r persons. This

Total total number of selections of any number of things is also equal to the coefficient of x n in the expansion of
from n identical things = n + 1 (when selection of 0 things is ( x 0 + x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ..) r

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88 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

 1 
r Multiple Choice Questions
= coefficient of xn in   = coefficient of x in (1–x)
n –r

1− x  One and More than One Correct

= coefficient of xn in 1. The letters of the word COCHIN are permuted and all the
 r (r + 1) 2 r (r + 1)(r + 2)...(r + n − 1) n  permutations are arranged in an alphabetical order as in an
1 + rx + x + ... + x + .... English dictionary. The number of words that appear
 2! n! 
before the word COCHIN is [JEE 2007 P-II]
r ( r + 1)( r + 2)...( r + n − 1) (r + n − 1)! n + r −1
= = = Cr −1 . a. 360 b. 192 c. 96 d. 48
n! n !(r − 1)!
2. The number of seven digit integers, with sum of the digits

The number of integral solutions of x1 + x2 + x3 +…+ xr = n
equal to 10 and formed by using the digits 1, 2 and 3 only,
where x1 ≥ 1, x2 ≥ 1, ..., xr ≥ 1 is the same as the number of
is [JEE 2009 P-I]
ways to distribute n identical things among r persons each a. 55 b. 66 c. 77 d. 88
getting at least 1. This is also equal to the coefficient of xn in
3. The total number of ways in which 5 balls of different
the expansion of ( x1 + x2 + x3 + ....) r = coefficient of xn in
colours can be distributed among 3 persons so that each
r
 x  person gets at least one ball is. [JEE 2012 P-I]
 
1− x  a. 75 b. 150 c. 210 d. 243
= coefficient of xn in xr (1–x)–r = coefficient of xn in 4. Let Tn be the number of all possible triangles formed by
 r ( r + 1) 2 r ( r + 1)(r + 2)...(r + n − 1) n 
x r 1 + rx + x + ... + x + .... joining vertices of a n-sides regular polygon. If
 2! n! 
Tn+1 − Tn = 1 then the value of n is [JEE Main 2013]
= coefficient of xn–r in
a. 7 b. 5 c. 10 d. 8
 r (r + 1) 2 r (r + 1)(r + 2)...(r + n − 1) n 
1 + rx + x + ... + x + .... 5. Six cards and six envelopes are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
 2! n ! 
cards are to be placed in envelopes so that each envelope
r (r + 1)(r + 2)...(r + n − r − 1)
= contains exactly one card and no card is placed in the
(n − r )!
envelope bearing the same number and moreover the card
r (r + 1)(r + 2)...(n − 1) numbered 1 is always placed in envelope numbered 2. Then
=
(n − r )! the number of ways it can be done is: [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
(n − 1)! a. 264 b. 265 c. 53 d. 67
= = n −1
Cr −1
(n − r )!(r − 1)! 6. The number of integers greater than 6,000 that can be
formed, using the digits 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8, without
Note
repetition, is: [JEE Main 2015]
The number of solutions of x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 20 where a. 216 b. 192 c. 120 d. 72
x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 1, x3 ≥ 3, x4 ≥ 5 is equal to the coefficient of x 20 in 7. If all the words (with or without meaning) having five
( x 0 + x1 + x 2 + ....) ( x1 + x 2 + x 3 +...) × ( x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + ....) letters, formed using the letters of the word SMALL and
( x 5 + x 6 + x 7 + ....). arranged as in a dictionary; then the position of the word
SMALL is: [JEE Main 2016]
th th
a. 46 b. 59
Some Useful Results
c. 52nd d. 58th

n
Cr = n Cn − r
8. A debate club consists of 6 girls and 4 boys. A team of 4

n
Cr + n Cr −1 = n +1 Cr
members is to be selected from this club including the
n ( n + 1) 2 n( n + 1)(n + 2) 3 selection of a captain (from among these 4 members) for

(1 − x ) − n = 1 + nx + x + x + ... +
2! 3! the team. If the team has to include at most one boy. Then
n ( n + 1)...( n + r − 1) r the number of ways of selecting the team is
x + ...
r! [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]

n −1
C0 + n C1 x + n +1 C2 x 2 + n + 2 C3 x 3 + .... + n + r −1 Cr x r + ...., a. 380 b. 320
c. 260 d. 95
where n is a positive integer.
@iitjeehelps
Permutations and Combinations 89
9. 21 10 21 10 21
The value of ( C1 − C1 ) + ( C 2 − C 2 ) + ( C3 − C3 ) 10 18. Consider three boxes, each containing 10 balls labelled
1,2,....,10. Suppose one ball is randomly drawn from each
+ ( 21 C 4 − 10 C 4 ) + ... + ( 21 C10 − 10 C10 ) is [JEE Main 2017]
of the boxes. Denote by ni, the label of the ball drawn
a. 2 20 − 2 9 b. 2 20 − 210 from the ith box, (i = 1, 2, 3). Then, the number of ways in
c. 2 21 − 211 d. 2 21 − 210 which the balls can be chosen such that n1 < n2 < n3 is:
[JEE Main 2019]
10. The sum of the coefficients of all odd degree terms in the
a. 82 b. 240
expansion of ( x + x3 − 1)5 + ( x − x3 −1)5 . ( x > 1) is c. 164 d. 120
[JEE Main 2018]
19. There are m men and two women participating in a chess
a. 2 b. –1
tournament. Each participant plays two games with every
c. 0 d. 1
other participant. If the number of games played by the
11. All possible numbers are formed using the digits 1, 1, 2, 2, men between themselves exceeds the number of games
2, 2, 3, 4, 4 taken all at a time. The number of such played between the men and the women by 84, then the
numbers in which the odd digits occupy even places is: value of m is: [JEE Main 2019]
[JEE Main 2019] a. 9 b. 11
a. 175 b. 162 c. 12 d. 7
c. 160 d. 180
Matrix Match / Column Match
12. The number of four-digit numbers strictly greater than
4321 that can be formed using the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5 20. Consider all possible permutations of the letters of the
(repetition of digits is allowed) is: [JEE Main 2019] word ENDEANOEL. Match the Statements/Expressions
a. 288 b. 306 in Column I with the Statements/Expressions in Column II
c. 360 d. 310 [JEE 2008 P-II]
2403 k Column I Column II
13. If the fractional part of the number is , then k is
15 15 (A) The number of 1. 5!
equal to [JEE Main 2019] permutations containing
a. 14 b. 6 c. 4 d. 8 the word ENDEA is
(B) The number of 2. 2 × 5!
14. The number of natural numbers less than 7,000 which can
permutations in which the
be formed by using the digits 0,1,3,7,9 (repetition of digits
letter E occurs in the first
allowed) is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
and the last positions is
a. 250 b. 374 c. 372 d. 375
(C) The number of 3. 7 × 5!
15. The sum of all two digit positive numbers which when permutations in which
divided by 7 yield 2 or 5 as remainder is: none of the letters D, L,
[JEE Main 2019] N occurs in the last five
a. 1365 b. 1256 positions is
c. 1465 d. 1356 (D) The number of 4. 21 × 5!
permutations in which the
20
 20 Ci −1  k
16. ∑  20
i =1 
 = , then k equals:
Ci + 20Ci −1  21
letters A, E, O occur only
in odd positions is
[JEE Main 2019] a. A → 1; B → 4;C → 3;D → 2
a. 200 b. 50 b. A → 1; B → 4;C → 2;D → 3
c. 100 d. 400
c. A → 4;B → 6;C → 5;D → 2
17. The number of functions f from {1, 2, 3,..., 20} onto
{1, 2, 3,....., 20} such that f(k) is a multiple of 3, whenever d. A → 4;B → 2;C → 3; D → 1
k is a multiple of 4, is: [JEE Main 2019] 21. In a high school, a committee has to be formed from a
a. (15)! × 6! b. 56 × 15 group of 6 boys M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 and 5 girls G1,
c. 5! × 6! d. 65 × (15)! G 2, G 3, G 4, G 5.

@iitjeehelps
90 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(i) Let α1 be the total number of ways in which the ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
committee can be formed such that the committee has 5 1. (c) COCHIN, The second place can be filled in 4 C1 ways
members, having exactly 3 boys and 2 girls.
and the remaining four alphabets can be arranged in 4!
(ii) Let α2 be the total number of ways in which the
ways in four different places. The next 97th word will be
committee can be formed such that the committee has at least
COCHIN. Hence, there are 96 words before COCHIN.
2 members, and having an equal number of boys and girls.
(iii) Let α3 be the total number of ways in which the 2. (c) Coefficient of x 10 in ( x + x 2 + x 3 ) 7
committee can be formed such that the committee has 5 Coefficient of x 3 in (1 + x + x 2 ) 7
members, at least 2 of them being girls.
Coefficient of x 3 in (1 − x 3 )7 (1 − x ) −7
(iv) Let α4 be the total number of ways in which the
7 + 3+ 7
committee can be formed such that the committee has 4 = C3 − 7 = 9 C 3 − 7
members, having at least 2 girls and such that both M1 and G1 9×8× 7
= − 7 = 77
are NOT in the committee together. [JEE 2018 P-II] 6
Column I Column II 3. (b) Alterative:
(A) The value of α1 is 1. 136 Total no. of ways
(B) The value of α2 is 2. 189 = 35 − 3C1 3 − 15 + 3C2 3 − 2 5
(C) The value of α3 is 3. 192
= 243 − 3 × 32 + 3 = 246 − 96 = 150
(D) The value of α4 is 4. 200
System (i):
5. 381 Boxes i ii iii
6. 461 Balls 1 2 2
The correct option is: For this system no. of ways
a. A→4; B→6; C→2; D→1
 5! 1  5 × 4 × 3× 2 
b. A→1; B→4; C→2; D→3 = ×  × 3! =   × 6 = 90
 2!2!1! 2!   2× 2× 2 
c. A→4; B→6; C→5; D→2
System (ii):
d. A→4; B→2; C→3; D→1
Boxes i ii iii
Balls 1 3 1
Integer & Subjective
For this system no. of ways
22. Let n be the number of ways in which 5 boys and 5 girls  5! 1
= ×  × 3! = 10 × 6 = 60
can stand in a queue in such a way that all the girls stand  3!× 1!× 1! 2! 
consecutively in the queue. Let m be the numbers of ways Total no. of ways = 90 + 60 = 150
in which 5 boys and 5 girls can stand in a queue in such a
n +1
way that exactly four girls stand consecutively in the 4. (b) C3 − nC3 = 10 On solving n = 5
m 5. (c) Number of required ways
queue. Then the value of is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
n = 5!− {4 ⋅ 4}!− 4 C2 ⋅ 3!+ 4 C3 ⋅ 2!− 1}== 53.
2!–1 53.
23. Words of length 10 are formed using the letter A, B, C, D,
6. (b) Case (i): Any 5 – digit number
E, F, G, H, I, J. Let x be the number of such words where > 6000 is all 5-digits number
no letter is repeated; and let y be the number of such words Total number > 6000 using 5-digits = 5! = 120
where exactly one letter is repeated twice and no other letter Case (ii): Using 4-digits
y
is repeated. Then, = [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
9x
Can be 6.7 or 8 4 ways 3 ways 2 ways
24. Five persons A, B, C, D & E are seated in a circular
i.e., 3 ways Total number
arrangement. If each of them is given a hat of one of the
= 3 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 72
three colours red, blue & green, then the numbers of ways
of distributing the hats such that the person seated in Total ways
adjacent seat gets different coloured hats is. = 120 + 72 = 192

@iitjeehelps
Permutations and Combinations 91
7. (d) SMALL a1 a2 a3
14. (b)
4!
A____# = 12 ; L _ _ _ _ # 4! = 24 Number of numbers = 53 – 1
2!
4! 3! a4 a1 a2 a3
M____# = 12 ; SA _ _ _ _ # =3
2! 2! 2 ways for a4
SL _ _ _ _ # 3! = 6; S M A L L # 1 Number of numbers = 2 × 53
58th position Required number = 53 + 2 × 53 – 1= 374
8. (a) 1 boy + 0 boy 13
2 + 13
⇒ ( C1 ⋅ C3 + C4 ) × 4 = (4 × 20 + 15) × 4 = 95 × 4 = 380
4 6 6
15. (a) ∑ (7 r + 2) = 7 ⋅
r =2 2
× 6 + 2 × 12

= 7 × 90 + 24 = 654
9. (b) ( 21 C1 + 21C2 .... + C10 ) − (10 C1 + 10C 2 ..... 10 C10 )
21
13
 1 + 13 
1 ∑ (7 r + 5) = 7  2 
 × 13 + 5 × 13 = 702
= [(21C1 + .... + 21C10 ) + (21C11 + ..... + 21C20 )] − (210 − 1) r =2
2 Total 654 + 702 = 1356
1
= [221 − 2] − (210 − 1) 3
2 20
 20
Ci −1  k
= (2 20 − 1) − (210 − 1) = 2 20 − 210 .
16. (c) ∑  20
i =1  C + 20
C
 =
21
i i −1 

3
20
 20 Ci −1  k
10. (a) ( x + x − 1) + ( x − x − 1)
3 5 3 5
⇒ ∑  20
i =1  Ci 
 =
21
= 2[ C 0 x + C 2 x ( x − 1) + C 4 x ( x − 1) ]
5 5 5 3 3 5 3 2
3
20
 i  k
= 2[ x 5 + 10( x 6 − x 3 ) + 5 x ( x 6 − 2 x 3 + 1)] ⇒ ∑  21 
i =1
=
21
= 2[ x 5 + 10 x 6 − 10 x 3 + 5 x 7 − 10 x 4 + 5 x ] 2
1  20(21)  k
= 2[5 x + 10 x + x − 10 x − 10 x + 5 x ]
7 6 5 4 3 ⇒  2  = 21
(21)3  
Sum of odd degree terms coefficients
⇒ 100 = k
= 2(5 + 1 − 10 + 5) = 2
17. (a) ƒ(k) = 3m (3,6,9,12,15,18)
11. (d) for k = 4,8,12,16,20
2nd place 4th place 6th place 8th place 6.5.4.3.2 ways
(even places) For rest numbers 15! ways
3! 6! Total ways = 6!(15!)
Number of such numbers = 4C3 × × = 180
2! 2!4! 18. (d) No. of ways = 10C3 = 120
12. (a) (a)The number of four-digit numbers Starting with 5 is
equal to 63 = 216 19. (b) Let m-men, 2-women
(b) Starting with 44 and 55 is equal to 36 × 2 = 72 m
C2 × C = m C1 2 C1 ⋅ 2 + 84
(c) Starting with 433, 434 and 435 is equal to 6 × 3 = 18 m2 – 5m – 84 = 0
(d) Remaining numbers are 4322, 4323, 4324, 4325 is ⇒ (m – 12) (m + 7) = 0
equal to 4 ⇒ m = 12
so total numbers are 216 + 72 + 18 + 4 = 310

2403 23 ⋅ (24 )100 8 20. (a) (A) ENDEA, N, O, E, L are five different letter, then
13. (d) = = (15 + 1)100 permutation = 5!
15 15 15
(B) If E is in the first and last position then
8 8
= (15λ + 1) = 8λ + (9 − 2)!
15 15 = 7 × 3 × 5! = 21× 5!
8λ is integer 2!
∵
(C) for first four letters
2403 8
fractional part of is ⇒ k =8 4!
15 15 = for last five letters = 5!/3!
2!
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92 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
4! 5! y 45 ⋅10!
Hence, × = 2 × 5! Now = = 5.
2! 3! 9 x 9 ⋅10!
(D) For A, E and O 5!/3! and for others 4!/2! hence, 24. (30) Maximum number of hats used of same colour are 2.
5! 4! They can not be 3 otherwise atleast 2 hats same colour are
× = 2 × 5!.
3! 2! consecutive.
21. (a) (A) α1 = 6 C3 × 6 C 2 = 20 × 10 = 200 Now I at hat used are B, B, G, G, B
(B) α 2 = 6 C1 × 5 C1 + 6 C2 + 5 C2 × 6 C3 × 5 C3 + 6 C4 × 6 C5 × 5 C5 (Which can be selected in 3 ways. It can be RGGBB or
= 30 + 150 + 200 + 75 + 6 = 461 RRGBB also)
Now, numbers of ways of distributing blue hat (single
(C) α 3 = 5 C2 × 6 C3 + 5 C3 × 6 C2 + 5 C4 × 6 C1 + 5 C5
one) is 5 person equal to 5 let blue hat goes to person A.
= 200 + 150 + 30 + 1 = 381
A B
(D) α 4 = ( 5 C2 × 6 C3 − 4 C1 × 5 C1 ) + ( 5 C3 × 6 C1 − 4 C2 × 5 C6 ) (Blue)
= (150 − 20) + (60 − 6) + 5 = 130 + 60 − 1 = 190 − 1 = 189

22. (5) n = 6!.5! (5 girls together arranged along with 5 boys) E C

m = 5 C4 .(7! − 2.6!).4! (4 out of 5 girls together arranged

D
with others – number of cases all 5 girls are together) Now either position B & D are filled by green hats and C
m 5 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6!⋅4! & E are filled by Red hats Or B & D are filled by Red hats
=
n 6! ⋅ 5! and C & E are filled by Green hats.
⇒ 2 ways are possible
10!
23. (5) x = 10! y = 10C2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ = 45 ⋅10! Hence, total number of ways = 3 × 5 × 2 = 30 ways
2!

  

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 93

9 Statistics and Probability

QUICK LOOK
Method for Mean of grouped frequency distribution. Then

mean x =
∑fx i i
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean: Arithmetic mean or mean is what is usually thought of
∑f i

n1 x 1 + n 2 + x 2 + …
when talking about averages. If you want to know the
Combined Mean: x =
arithmetic mean of a list of values, the formula is: n1 + n 2 + …

The sum of a list of values
Uses of Arithmetic Mean

The number of values in the list
It is used for calculating average marks obtained by a
student.
For example, if there are three children, aged 6, 7, and 11, the
It is extensively used in practical statistics.
6+7+11 24
It is used to obtain estimates.
arithmetic mean of their ages is: = or 8 years.
3 3
It is used by businessman to find out profit per unit article,
output per machine, average monthly income and
The mean of a number of observation is the sum of the values
of all the observations divided by the total number of expenditure etc.
observations. It is denoted by the symbol x , read as x bar.
Deviation Method : (Assumed Mean Method)

x = A+
∑fdi i
where, A = Assumed mean
Properties of Mean

If a constant real number ‘a’ is added to each of the
∑f i

observation than new mean will be x + a. d i = Deviation from mean ( xi − A )

If a constant real number ‘a’ is subtracted from each of the
observation then new mean will be x − a. Median: The median is the middle value of a list when the

If a constant real number ‘a’ is multiplied with each of the numbers are in order. To find the median, place the values in
observation then new mean will be x . ascending (or descending) order and select the middle value.

If each of the observation is dived by a constant no. ‘a’ then For instance, what is the median of the following values?
x 200, 2, 667, 19, 4, 309, 44, 6, 1
new mean will be .
a
Place the values in ascending order: 1, 2, 4, 6, 19, 44,
200, 309, 667
Mean of Ungrouped Data: If x1 , x2 , x3 , …, xn are then n values
Select the value in the middle.
(or observations) then A.M. (Arithmetic mean) is
There are nine values listed. The middle value is the fifth.
n
The median of these values is 19.
x1 + x2 + … + xn ∑x i n
x= = i −1
nx = Sum of observation = ∑ xi The Median of a List with an Even Number of Values:
n n i−1
When the number of values in a list is an even number, the
i.e. product of means and no. of items given sum of observation. median is the average (arithmetic mean) of the two middle

Method for Mean of ungrouped frequency distribution.
values, when the numbers are placed in order. For example, the
xi fi f i xi
7 + 10
x1 f1 f 1 x1 median of 3, 7, 10, 20 is = 8.5
2
x2 f2 f 2 x2
x3 f3 f 3 x3
Median of a distribution is the value of the variable which
. . . divides the distribution into two equal parts.
. . .
. . . Median or Ungrouped Data: Arrange the data in ascending
xn fn f n xn
order.
∑f i = ∑fx i i =
Count the no. of observations (Let there be ‘n’ observations)

@iitjeehelps
94 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

 n +1
th
Where l = lower limit of the modal class
If n is odd then median = value of   observation.
 2  f1 = frequency of the class i.e. the largest frequency.

n
th f 0 = frequency of the class preceding the modal class.
If n is even the median = value of mean of   observation
2 f 2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal class.
n 
th
h = width of the modal class.
and  + 1 observation.
2  Uses of Mode: Mode is the average to be used to find the ideal
size, e.g., in business forecasting, in manufacture of ready-
Merits of Median made garments, shoes etc.

It is rigidly defined, easily, understood and calculate. Coefficient of the Range: If l and h are the lowest and

It is not all affected by extreme values.
highest scores in a distribution then the coefficient of the Range

It can be located graphically, even if the class - intervals are
h−l
unequal. =
h+l

It can be determined even by inspection is some cases.
Merits of Mode
Demerits of Median
It can be easily understood and is easy to calculate.

In case of even numbers of observations median cannot be
It is not affected by extreme values and can be found by
determined exactly. inspection is some cases.

It is not based on all the observations and not subject to
It can be measured even if open - end classes and can be
algebraic treatment. represented graphically.

It is much affected by fluctuations of sampling.
Demerits of Mode
Uses of Median
It is ill - fined. It is not always possible to find a clearly

Median is the only average to be used while dealing with defined mode.
qualitative data which cannot be measured quantitatively
It is not based upon all the observation.
but can be arranged in ascending or descending order of
It is not capable of further mathematical treatment. It is after
magnitude. indeterminate.

It is used for determining the typical value in problems
It is affected to a greater extent by fluctuations of sampling.
concerning wages, distribution of wealth etc.
Uses of Mode: Mode is the average to be used to find the ideal
size, e.g., in business forecasting, in manufacture of readymade
Mode: The mode of a list of values is the value or values that
garments, shoes etc.
appear the greatest number of times. Consider the following
list: 1, 5, 5, 7, 89, 4, 100, 276, 89, 4, 89, 1, 8
Empirical Relation between Mode, Median and Mean:

The number 89 appears three times, which is more times Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
than any other number appears.

The mode of this list is 89. Correlation

Univariate and Bivariate Distribution: “If it is proved
Multiple Modes: It is possible to have more than one mode in true that in a large number of instances two variables tend
a list of numbers: 1, 5, 5, 7, 276, 4, 10004, 89, 4, 276, 1, 8. In always to fluctuate in the same or in opposite directions, we
the list above, there are four modes: 1, 4, 5 and 276. consider that the fact is established and that a relationship

Mode or ungrouped data (By inspection only): Arrange exists. This relationship is called correlation.”
the data in an array and then count the frequencies of each
Univariate distribution: These are the distributions in
variate. The variate having maximum frequency is the which there is only one variable such as the heights of the
mode. students of a class.

Bivariate distribution: Distribution involving two discrete
Mode of Continuous Frequency Distribution variable is called a bivariate distribution. For example, the
f1 + f 0 heights and the weights of the students of a class in a
Mode = l + ×h
2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 school.

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 95

Bivariate frequency distribution: Let x and y be two ∑( x − x ) ( y − y ) ∑ dxdy
r= = .
variables. Suppose x takes the values x1 , x2 ,....., xn and y ∑( x − x ) 2
∑( y − y ) 2
∑ dx 2 ∑ dy 2
takes the values y1 , y2 ,....., yn , then we record our
Modified formula

∑ dxdy − ∑ n∑
observations in the form of ordered pairs ( x1 , y1 ), where dx. dy
1 ≤ i ≤ n,1 ≤ j ≤ n. If a certain pair occurs f ij times, we say r=
 ( ∑ dx )   ( ∑ dy ) 
2 2
that its frequency is fij . 
∑ dx −  ∑ dy −
2 2


The function which assigns the frequencies fij ' s to the  n   n 
pairs ( xi , y j ) is known as a bivariate frequency distribution. Where dx = x − x ; dy = y − y
Cov ( x, y ) Cov ( x, y )
Covariance: Let ( xi , yi ); i = 1, 2,....., n be a bivariate Also, rxy = = .
σ xσ y Var ( x ).Var ( y )
distribution, where x1 , x2 ,....., xn are the values of variable x and
y1 , y2 ,....., yn those of y. Then the covariance Cov(x, y)
Step deviation method
between x and y is given by Let A and B are assumed mean of xi and yi respectively, then
1 n
Cov ( x, y ) = ∑ ( xi − x )( yi − y )
n i =1
1
∑u v
∑ ui .∑ vi
i i −
r ( x, y ) = n ,where
1 1
1 n 1 n
∑ i n (∑ i ) ∑ i n (∑ i )
2 2
∑ ( xi yi − x y ), where ∑ xi − −
2 2
or Cov ( x, y ) = x= and u u v v
n i =1 n i =1
1 n ui = xi − A, vi = yi − B.
y= ∑ yi are means of variables x and y respectively.
n i =1
Rank Correlation: Let us suppose that a group of n
Covariance is not affected by the change of origin, but it is individuals is arranged in order of merit or proficiency in
affected by the change of scale. possession of two characteristics A and B. These rank in two
characteristics will, in general, be different. For example, if we
Correlation: The relationship between two variables such that
consider the relation between intelligence and beauty, it is not
a change in one variable results in a positive or negative change
necessary that a beautiful individual is intelligent also. Rank
in the other variable is known as correlation.

Types of correlation 6∑ d 2
Correlation: ρ = 1 − , which is the Spearman’s

Perfect correlation: If the two variables vary in such a n(n 2 − 1)
manner that their ratio is always constant, then the formulae for rank correlation coefficient. Where ∑d 2
= sum
correlation is said to be perfect.
of the squares of the difference of two ranks and n is the

Positive or direct correlation: If an increase or decrease in
number of pairs of observations. We always have,
one variable corresponds to an increase or decrease in the
other, the correlation is said to be positive. ∑ d = ∑ (x − y ) = ∑ x − ∑ y
i i i i i = n( x ) − n( y ) = 0, (∵ x = y )

Negative or indirect correlation: If an increase or decrease If all d’s are zero, then r = 1, which shows that there is perfect
in one variable corresponds to a decrease or increase in the rank correlation between the variable and which is maximum
other, the correlation is said to be negative. value of r. If however some values of x i are equal, then the

Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation: The correlation coefficient of rank correlation is given by
coefficient r ( x, y ), between two variable x and y is given  1 
6  ∑ d 2 +   ( m3 − m) 
 
r = 1−  
Cov ( x, y ) Cov ( x, y ) 12
by, r ( x, y ) = or
Var ( x) Var ( y ) σ xσ y n(n 2 − 1)

 n   n  n  where m is the number of times a particular xi is repeated.

n  ∑ xi yi  −  ∑ xi   ∑ yi 
r ( x, y ) =  i =1   i =1   i =1 
2 2
Positive and Negative Rank Correlation Coefficients
n
 n  n
 n 
Let r be the rank correlation coefficient then, if r > 0, it
n∑ xi 2 −  ∑ xi  n∑ yi 2 −  ∑ yi 
i =1  i =1  i =1  i =1  means that if the rank of one characteristic is high, then that

@iitjeehelps
96 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
of the other is also high or if the rank of one characteristic is curve of regression. If this curve be a straight line, then it is
low, then that of the other is also low. known as line of regression and the regression is called

r = 1, it means that there is perfect correlation in the two linear regression.
characteristics i.e.,every individual is getting the same ranks in
Line of regression: The line of regression is the straight
the two characteristics. line which in the least square sense gives the best fit to the
given frequency.

r < 1, it means that if the rank of one characteristics is high,
Equations of Lines of Regression
then that of the other is low or if the rank of one
Regression Line of y on x: If value of x is known, then value
characteristics is low, then that of the other is high. of y can be found as

r = −1, it means that there is perfect negative correlation in σy
Cov( x, y )
the two characteristics i.e, an individual getting highest rank y− y = ( x − x ) or y − y = r (x − x)
σ 2
x σx
in one characteristic is getting the lowest rank in the second

Regression Line of x on y: It estimates x for the given
characteristic. Here the rank, in the two characteristics in a
value of y as
group of n individuals are of the type
Cov( x, y ) σx
(1, n), (2, n − 1),....., (n,1). x−x = ( y − y ) or x − x = r (y − y)
σ 2
y σy

r = 0, it means that no relation can be established between
the two characteristics. Regression Coefficient
rσ y Cov( x, y )

Regression coefficient of y on x is byx = =
Standard Error and Probable Error σx σ x2

Standard error of prediction: The deviation of the rσ x Cov( x, y )
predicted value from the observed value is known as the
Regression coefficient of x on y is bxy = = .
σy σ 2
y
standard error prediction and is defined as
Angle between two lines of regression: Equation of the two
 ∑ ( y − y p ) 
2
lines of regression are
Sy =  . where y is actual value and y p is
 n  y − y = byx ( x − x ) and x − x = bxy ( y − y ).
predicted value. In relation to coefficient of correlation, it is We have, m1 = slope of the line of regression of y on
given by σy
x = byx = r.

Standard error of estimate of x is S x = σ x 1 − r 2
σx

Standard error of estimate of y is S y = σ y 1 − r 2 . 1 σy
m2 = Slope of line of regression of x on y = = .

Relation between probable error and standard error: If bxy r.σ x
r is the correlation coefficient in a sample of n pairs of σ y rσ y
−
1− r 2
m2 − m1 rσ x σ x
observations, then its standard error S.E. (r ) = and ∴ tan θ = ± =±
n 1 + m1m2 rσ y σ y
1+ .
 1− r2
 σ x rσ x
probable error P.E. (r ) = 0.6745 (S.E.) = 0.6745 .
 n
 (σ y − r 2σ y )σ x (1 − r 2 )σ xσ y
=± =±
The probable error or the standard error are used for rσ x2 + rσ y2 r (σ x2 + σ y2 )
interpreting the coefficient of correlation.
Here the positive sign gives the acute angle θ , because r 2 ≤ 1

If r < P.E.(r ), there is no evidence of correlation.
and σ x , σ y are positive.

If r > 6P.E.(r ), the existence of correlation is certain. The
square of the coefficient of correlation for a bivariate 1 − r 2 σ xσ y
∴ tan θ = . . . .(i)
distribution is known as the “Coefficient of determination”. r σ x2 + σ y2
Regression π
If r = 0, from (i) we conclude tan θ = ∞ or θ = i.e., two

Linear regression: If a relation between two variates x and 2
y exists, then the dots of the scatter diagram will more or regression lines are at right angles. If r = ±1 , tan θ = 0 i.e.,
less be concentrated around a curve which is called the θ = 0, since θ is acute i.e., two regression lines coincide.

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 97
Important Points about Regression Coefficients bxy and byx
If n(S) and n(E) are both infinite, the probability can be

r = byx .bxy i.e., the coefficient of correlation is the estimated by geometrical method as follows:
favourable area
geometric mean of the coefficient of regression. P( E ) =
total length

If byx > 1, then bxy < 1 i.e., if one of the regression coefficient
favourable area favourable volume
is greater than unity, the other will be less than unity. or or
total area total volume

If the correlation between the variable is not perfect, then
according as the sample points (outcomes) are distributed
the regression lines intersect at ( x , y ).
over a length (one dimension) or an area (two dimensions)

byx is called the slope of regression line y on x and
1
is or a volume (three dimensions). 0 ≤ P ( E ) ≤ 1
bxy
called the slope of regression line x on y. Complementary Event

byx + bxy > 2 byx bxy or byx + bxy > 2r i.e., the arithmetic
The complementary event E ′(or E or E c ) of the event E is
mean of the regression coefficients is greater than the the event of E not happening and P( E ′) = 1 − P( E ), i.e.,
correlation coefficient. P( E ) + P( E ′) = 1.

Regression coefficients are independent of change of origin
but not of scale.
Odds if Favour, Odds Against
σ y2 P( E)

The product of lines of regression’s gradients is given by 2 .
The odds in favour of the event E = .
σx P( E′)

If both the lines of regression coincide, then correlation will P( E′)
be perfect linear.
The odds against the event E = .
P( E)

If both byx and bxy are positive, the r will be positive and
a

If odds in favour of the event E = a : b then P ( E ) = .
if both byx and bxy are negative, the r will be negative. a+b
b

If odds against the event E = a : b then P ( E ) =
Sample Space and Event a+b

The set S of all possible outcomes of a random experiment Union and Intersection of Events
is called the sample space or probability space
The union E1 ∪ E2 of events E1 and E2 is the event of at

Every subset of a sample space is an event. least one of the events E1 , E2 happening.

φ ⊂ S and S ⊆ S. So φ and S are also events for the sample

The intersection E1 ∩ E2 of events E1 and E2 is the event
space S. φ is the impossible event (null event) and S is the
of both the events E1 , E2 happening.
certain event.

P( E1 ∪ E2 ) = P( E1 ) + P( E2 ) − P( E1 ∪ E2 ) [addition
Probability of an Event theorem]

If the sample space S is discrete (i.e. n(S) is finite) then the P( E1 ∪ E2 ∪ E3 ) =
probability P(E) of the event E is given by P( E1 ) + P ( E2 ) + P( E3 ) − P( E1 ∩ E2 ) − P( E2 ∩ E3 ) − P ( E3 ∩ E1 )
n( E ) number of favourable outcomes
P( E ) = = + P ( E1 ∩ E2 ∩ E3 ) P( E1 ∪ E2 ∪ E3 ∪ .... ∪ En ) =
n( S ) total number of outcomes
n

∑ P( E ) − ∑
i =1
i
1≤ i ≠ j ≤ n
P( Ei ∩ E j ) + ∑
1≤ i ≠ j ≠ k ≤ n
P( Ei ∩ E j ∩ Ek ) − ...
Note
The problems of restricted permutation or combination are .... + (−1) n −1 P ( E1 ∩ E2 ∩ .... ∩ En )
convertible into problem of probability. Students are advised to Mutually Exclusive and Independent Events
work out such problems by using exercise in the corresponding
Two events E1 and E2 are mutually exclusive if
chapter in Algebra. For such problems, P( E1 ∩ E2 ) = 0. So, for mutually exclusive events
number of ways under the restriction n( E ) P ( E1 ∪ E2 ) = P( E1 ) + P( E2 )
P( E ) = =
number of ways without restriction n( S ) P( E1 ∪ E2 ∪ E3 ) = P( E1 ) + P( E2 ) + P( E3 )

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98 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

Two events E1 and E2 are independent iff
Events E1 , E2 ,...., En are exhaustive if
P ( E1 ∩ E2 ) = P( E1 ) ⋅ P ( E2 ) P( E1 ) + P( E2 ) + .... + P( En ) = 1.
Thus, for independent events:
If E1 , E2 ,....En are equiprobable and exhaustive then
P ( E1 ∩ E2 ) = P( E1 ) ⋅ P ( E2 )
1
P ( E1 ∩ E2 ∩ E3 ) = P( E1 ) ⋅ P( E2 ) ⋅ P( E3 ) P ( E1 ) = P ( E2 ) = ... P ( En ) = .
n

Two non-null events E1 , E2 cannot be mutually exclusive
If E1 , E2 , E3 ,....En are n mutually exclusive and exhaustive
and independent at the same time. events and A is an event which can take place in

If E1 , E2 are independent events then E1 , E2 '; E1 ', E2 and
conjunction with any one of Ei then
E1 ', E2 ' are also independent.
P ( A) = P ( E1 ) ⋅ P ( A / E1 ) + P ( E2 ) ⋅ P ⋅ ( A / E2 ) + .... + ( PEn ) ⋅ P( A / En )

If E1 , E2 are independent events then
P ( E1 ∪ E2 ) ' = {1 − P( E1 )}{1 − P ( E2 )}.
Bayes’ Theorem

For any two events A and B we have
P( A) = P ( A ∩ B ) + P( A ∩ B ').
If E1 , E2 ,...En are n mutually exclusive and exhaustive
events and A is an event which takes place in conjunction
Conditional Probability with any one of E1 then the probability of the event E1

If E1 , E2 are two events which occur in conjunction and E2 happening when the event A takes place, is given by
takes place after E1 has taken place (i.e., E2 is dependent
P ( Ei ) ⋅ P( A / Ei )
P( Ei / A) =
on E1 ) then the probability of E2 taking place after E1 has n

taken place, denoted by P ( E2 / E1 ), is given by

∑ P( E ) ⋅ P( A / E )
i =1
i i

P( E1 ∩ E2 ) In case of equiprobable events,

P( E2 / E1 ) = .
P( E1 ) P ( A / Ei )
P( Ei / A) = n

Expectation ∑ P( A / E )
i =1
i

The expectation of the random variable x to have the value

x1 is p1 x1 if the probability of the value x1 is p1 . Note

If the values x1 , x2 , x3 ,.......xn of the random variable x have P ( Ei / A) is calculated after the experiment has taken place.
the probabilities p1 , p2 , p3 ,..... pn respectively then the Such probabilities are called posteriori probabilities. P( Ei ) etc.,
expectation of x, denoted by E ( x ), is given by which are known before the experiment takes place are called
n priori probabilities.
E ( x) = ∑ xi pi .
i =1
Multiple Choice Questions
Repeated Trial: If the probability of success in one trial is p One and More than One Correct
and that of failure is q so that p + q = 1 then
1. Let E and F be two independent events. The probability

the probability of r successes in n trials n
Cr ⋅ p r q n − r , i.e.,
11
(r + 1)th term in the binomial expansion of ( q + p ) n . that exactly one of them occurs is and the probability
25

the probability of at least r successes in n trials 2
= n Cr p r q n − r + n Cr +1 p r +1q n − ( r +1) + .... + n C n p n . on none of them occurring is . If P(T) denotes the
25

the probability of at most r successes in n trials probability of occurrence of the event T, then
= n C0 q n + nC1 ⋅ pq n −1 + ... + n
Cr p r q n − r . [JEE 2011 P-II]
Conditional Probability and Baye’s Theorem Total 4 3 1 2
a. P(E) = , P(F) = b. P(E) = , P(F) =
Conditional Probability 5 5 5 5

Events E1 , E2 ,...., En are mutually exclusive if Ei ∩ E j = 0 2 1 3 4
c. P(E) = , P(F) = d. P(E) = , P(F) =
for i j = 1, 2, 3,...., n. 5 5 5 5

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 99
2. A ship is fitted with three engines E1, E2 and E3. The 7. If the standard deviation of the numbers 2, 3, a and 11 is 3.5,
engines function independently of each other with then which of the following is true? [JEE Main 2016]
1 1 1 a. 3a 2 − 26a + 55 = 0 b. 3a 2 − 32a + 84 = 0
respective probabilities , and . For the ship to be
2 4 4 c. 3a2 − 34a + 91 = 0 d. 3a 2 − 23a + 44 = 0
operational at least two of its engines must function. Let X
denote the event that the ship is operational and let X1,X2 8. A computer producing factory has only two plants T1 and
and X3 denote respectively the events that the engines T2 . Plant T1 produces 20% and plant T2 produces 80%
E1,E2 and E3 are functioning. Which of the following is
of the total computers produced. 7% of computers
(are) true? [JEE 2012 P-I]
produced in the factory turn out to be defective. It is
3
a. P[ X1 | X ] =
c
known that P(computer turns out to be defective given
16
that it is produced in plant T1 ) = 10 P (computer turns out
b. P[Exactly two engines of the ship are functioning
7 to be defective given that it is produced in Plant T2 ),
[X ] =
8 where P(E) denotes the probability of an event E. A
5 computer produced in the factory is randomly selected and
c. P[ X | X 2 ] =
16 it does not turn out to be defective. Then the probability
7 that it is produced in plant T2 is [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]
d. P[ X | X 1 ] =
16 36 47 78 75
1 a. b. c. d.
3. Let X and Y be two events such that P( X | Y ) = , 73 79 93 83
2
9. A box contains 15 green and 10 yellow balls. If 10 balls
1 1
P (Y | X ) = , and P( X ∩ Y ) = . Which of the following are randomly drawn, one-by-one with replacement then
3 6
the variance of the number of green balls drawn is
is (are) correct? [JEE 2012 P-II]
[JEE Main 2017]
2
a. P( X ∪ Y ) = a. 4 b.
6
3 25
b. X and Y are independent 12
c. X and Y are not independent c. d. 6
5
1
d. P( X ∩ Y ) =
c
10. If two different numbers are taken from the set
3
{0, 1, 2, 3,....,10} ; then the probability that their sum as
4. All the students of a class performed poorly in well as absolute difference are both multiple of 4, is
Mathematics. The teacher decided to give grace marks of [JEE Main 2017]
10 to each of the students. Which of the following 14 7
statistical measures will not change even after the grace a. b.
45 55
marks were given? [JEE Main 2013]
6 12
a. mean b. median c. d.
55 55
c. mode d. variance
11. For three events, A, B and C, [JEE Main 2017]
5. The variance of first 50 even natural numbers is:
P (Exactly one A or B occurs)
[JEE Main 2014]
= P (Exactly one of B or C occurs)
833 437
a. b. 833 c. 437 d. 1
4 4 = P (Exactly one of C or A occurs) = and
4
6. The mean of the data set comprising of 16 observations is 1
16. If one of the observation valued 16 is deleted and three P (All the three events occur simultaneously) = then
16
new observations values 3, 4 and 5 are added to the data, the probability that at least one of the events occurs, is
then the mean of the resultant data, is. [JEE Main 2015] 7 3 7 7
a. 16.8 b. 16.0 c. 15.8 d. 14.0 a. b. c. d.
64 16 32 16
@iitjeehelps
100 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
12. A man X has 7 friends, 4 of them are ladies and 3 are men. 18. The mean and variance of seven observations are 8 and
His wife Y also has 7 friends, 3 of them are ladies and 4 are 16, respectively. If 5 of the observations are 2, 4, 10, 12,
men. Assume X and Y have no common friends. Then the 14, then the product of the remaining two observations is:
total number of ways in which X and Y together can throw a [JEE Main 2019]
party inviting 3 ladies and 3 men, so that 3 friends of each of a. 40 b. 49 c. 48 d. 45
X and Y are in this party, is [JEE Main 2017]
19. Let A and B be two non-null events such that A ⊂ B. Then,
a. 469 b. 484
which of the following statements is always correct?
c. 485 d. 468
[JEE Main 2019]
1 a. P(A|B) = 1 b. P(A|B) = P(B) – P(A)
13. Let X and Y be two events such that P ( X ) = ,
3 c. P(A|B) < P(A) d. P(A|B) > P(A)
1 2
P ( X |Y ) = and P (Y | X ) = . Then [JEE Adv.2017 P-I] 20. The minimum number of times one has to toss a fair coin
2 5 so that the probability of observing at least one head is at
1 4 least 90% is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. P ( X ∩ Y ) = b. P (Y ) =
5 15 a. 5 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4
1 2
c. P ( X '| Y ) = d. P ( X ∪ Y ) = 21. A student scores the following marks in five tests: 45, 54,
2 5 41, 57, 43. His score is not known for the sixth test. If the
14. Three randomly chosen non-negative integers x, y and z mean score is 48 in the six tests, then the standard
are found to satisfy the equation x + y + z = 10 . Then the deviation of the marks in six tests is [JEE Main 2019]
probability that z is even, is [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] 10 100 100 10
a. b. c. d.
6 36 3 3 3 3
a. b.
11 55 22. Consider a class of 5 girls and 7 boys. The number of
1 5 different teams consisting of 2 girls and 3 boys that can be
c. d.
2 11 formed from this class, if there are two specific boys A
and B, who refuse to be the members of the same team, is:
15. A bag contains 4 red and 6 black balls. A ball is drawn at
[JEE Main 2019]
random from the bag, its colour is observed and this ball
a. 200 b. 300 c. 500 d. 350
along with two additional balls of the same colour are
returned to the bag. If now a ball is drawn at random from 23. 5 students of a class have an average height 150 cm and
the bag, then the probability that this drawn ball is red, is: variance 15 cm2. A new student, whose height is 156 cm2
[JEE Main 2018] joined them. The variance (in cm2) of the height of these
3 3 2 1 six students is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. b. c. d.
4 10 5 5 a. 22 b. 20 c. 16 d. 18
24. Two cards are drawn successively with replacement from a
9 9
16. If ∑ ( x − 5) = 9
i and ∑ ( x − 5)
i
2
= 45, then the standard well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Let X denote the random
i =1 i =1 variable of number of aces obtained in the two drawn card.
deviation of the 9 items x1 , x2 ,....., x9 is [JEE Main 2018] Then P ( X = 1) + P( X = 2) equals: [JEE Main 2019]
a. 3 b. 9 a. 52/169 b. 25/169 c. 49/169 d. 24/169
c. 4 d. 2
25. An urn contains 5 red and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at
17. From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels random from the urn. If the drawn ball is green, then a red
and 1 dictionary are to be selected and arranged in a row on a ball is added to the urn and if the drawn ball is red, then a
shelf so that the dictionary is always in the middle. The green ball is added to the urn; the original ball is not
number of such arrangements is [JEE Main 2018] returned to the urn. Now, a second ball is drawn at random
a. At least 750 but less than 1000 from it. The probability that the second ball is red, is:
b. At least 1000 [JEE Main 2019]
c. Less then 500 26 32 27 21
a. b. c. d.
d. At least 500 but less than 750 49 49 49 49

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 101
26. A data consists of n observations: x1 , x2 ......, xn . If 33. Let S = {1, 2,......, 20}. A subset B of S is said to be “nice”,
n n if the sum of the elements of B is 203. Then the
∑ (x
i =1
i + 1) 2 = 9n and ∑ (x
i =1
i + 1) 2 = 5n , then the standard probability that a randomly chosen subset of S is “nice” is
[JEE Main 2019]
deviation of this data is: [JEE Main 2019]
6 5 4 7
a. 5 b. 5 c. 7 d. 2 a. 20 b. 20 c. 20 d. 20
2 2 2 2
27. The mean of five observations is 5 and their variance is 9.20. 34. A bag contains 30 white balls and 10 red balls. 16 balls
If three of the given five observations are 1, 3 and 8, then a are drawn one by one randomly from the bag with
ratio of other two observations is: [JEE Main 2019] replacement. If X be the number of white balls drawn, the
a. 4 : 9 b. 6 : 7 c. 5 : 8 d. 10 : 3
 mean of X 
28. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the outcome is a head then a   is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
 standard deviation of X 
pair of unbiased dice is rolled and the sum of the numbers
4 3
obtained on them is noted. If the toss of the coin results in a. 4 b. c. 4 3 d. 3 2
3
tail then a card from a well-shuffled pack of nine cards
numbered 1,2,3,...,9 is randomly picked and the number 35. If the sum of the deviations of 50 observations from 30 is 50,
on the card is noted. The probability that the noted then the mean of these observation is: [JEE Main 2019]
number is either 7 or 8 is: [JEE Main 2019] a. 50 b. 51 c. 30 d. 31
a. 13/36 b. 19/36 c. 19/72 d. 15/72
36. In a random experiment, a fair die is rolled until two fours
29. If the probability of hitting a target by a shooter, in any are obtained in succession. The probability that the
shot, is 1/3, then the minimum number of independent experiment will end in the fifth throw of the die is equal
shots at the target required by him so that the probability to: [JEE Main 2019]
5 150 175
of hitting the target at least once is greater than , is: a. 5 b. 5
6 6 6
[JEE Main 2019] 200 225
c. 5 d. 5
a. 6 b. 5 c. 4 d. 3 6 6
30. If mean and standard deviation of 5 observations 37. The mean and the variance of five observation are 4 and
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 are 10 and 3, respectively, then the 5.20, respectively. If three of the observations are 3, 4 and
variance of 6 observations x1,x2, ....,x5 and –50 is equal to: 4; then absolute value of the difference of the other two
[JEE Main 2019] observations, is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. 582.5 b. 507.5 c. 586.5 d. 509.5 a. 1 b. 3 c. 7 d. 5
31. The outcome of each of 30 items was observed; 10 items 38. In a game, a man wins Rs. 100 if he gets 5 of 6 on a throw
1 1 of a fair die and loses Rs. 50 for getting any other number
gave an outcome − d each, 10 items gave outcome
2 2 on the die. If he decides to throw the die either till he gets
1 a five or a six or to a maximum of three throws, then his
each and the remaining 10 items gave outcome + d expected gain/loss (in rupees) is: [JEE Main 2019]
2
4 400 400
each. If the variance of this outcome data is then |d| a. gain b. Loss
3 3 3
equals: [JEE Main 2019] 400
c. 0 d. Loss
5 2 9
a. 2 b. d. 2
c. 39. There are three bags B1, B2, B3. B1 contains 5 red and 5
2 3
32. Two integers are selected at random from the set {1, 2,..., 11}. green balls. B2 contains 3 red and 5 green balls and B3
Given that the sum of selected numbers is even, the contains 5 red and 3green balls. Bags B1, B2 and B3 have
conditional probability that both the numbers are even is: probabilities 3/10, 3/10 and 4/10 respectively of being
[JEE Main 2019] chosen. A bag is selected at random and a ball is randomly
a. 2/5 b. 1/2 chose from the bag. Then which of the following options
c. 3/5 d. 7/10 is/are correct? [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]

@iitjeehelps
102 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
39 42. If P (ui ) ∝ i , where i = 1, 2, 3,... n , then lim P( w) is equal to
a. Probability that the chosen ball is green equals n→∞
80
2 3 1
b. Probability that the chosen ball is green, given that the a. 1 b. c. d.
3 4 4
3
selected bag is B3 , equals 43. If P (ui ) = c , where c is a constant then is P(un / w) equal
8
c. Probability that the selected bag is B3, given that the to
4 2 1 n 1
chosen ball is green, equals a. b. c. d.
13 n +1 n +1 n +1 2
d. Probability that the selected bag is B3, given that the 44. If n is even and E denotes the event of choosing even
3 numbered urn ( P (ui ) = 1/ n ), then the value of P ( w / E ) is
chosen ball is green, equals
10 n+2 n+2
a. b.
2n + 1 2(n + 1)
Statement or Assertion & Reason
n 1
40. Let H1, H2,…Hn be mutually exclusive and exhaustive c. d.
n +1 n +1
events with P(Hi) > 0, i = 1,2,…n. Let E be any other
event with 0 < P(E) <1. [JEE 2007 P-I] Paragraph for Question No. 45 to 47
Statement-I: P( H i | E ) > P( E | H i ) ⋅ P( H i ) for i = 1, 2, ..n A fair die is tossed repeatedly until a six is obtained. Let X
and denote the number of tosses required. [JEE 2009 P-I]
n
45. The probability that X = 3 equals
Statement-II: ∑ P( H ) = 1
i =n
i
25 25 5 125
a. b. c. d.
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II 216 36 36 216
is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
46. The probability that X ≥ 3 equals
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
125 25 5 25
is not a correct explanation for Statement-I. a. b. c. d.
216 36 36 216
c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True. 47. The conditional probability that X ≥ 6 given X >3
41. Consider the system of equations ax + by = 0, cx + dy = 0, equals
where a, b, c, d ∈ {0,1}. [JEE 2008 P-I] a.
125
b.
25
c.
5
d.
25
Statement-I: The probability that the system of equations 216 216 36 36
has a unique solution is 3/8.
and Paragraph for Question No. 48 to 49
Statement-II: The probability that the system of Let U1 and U2 be two urns such that U1 contains 3 white and 2
equations has a solution is I. red balls, and U2 contains only 1 white ball. A fair coin is
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II tossed. If head appears then 1 ball is drawn at random from U1
is a correct explanation for Statement-I and put into U2. However, if tail appears then 2 balls are drawn
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
at random from U1 and put into U2. Now 1 ball is drawn at
is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
random from U2. [JEE 2011 P-I]
c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
48. The probability of the drawn ball from U2 being white is
Paragraph 13 23 19 11
a. b. c. d.
Paragraph for Question No. 42 to 44 30 30 30 30
There are n urns each containing n +1 balls such that the ith urn 49. Given that the drawn ball from U2 is white, the probability
contains i white balls and (n+1–i) red balls. Let ui be the event that head appeared on the coin is
of selecting ith urn, i = 1,2,3,…n and w denotes the event of 17 11 15 12
a. b. c. d.
getting a white ball. [JEE 2006] 23 23 23 23

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 103
Paragraph for Question No. 50 to 51 54. One of the two boxes, box I and box II, was selected at
random and a ball was drawn randomly out of this box.
A box B1 contains 1 white ball, 3 red balls and 2 black balls.
The ball was found to be red. If the probability that this
Another box B2 contains 2 white balls, 3 red balls and 4 black 1
red ball was drawn from box II is , then the correct
balls. A third box B3 contains 3 white balls, 4 red balls and 5 3
black balls. [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II] option(s) with the possible values of n1 , n2 , n3 and n4 is
50. If 1 ball is drawn from each of the boxes B1 , B2 and B3 , (are)
the probability that all 3 drawn balls are of the same a. n1 = 3, n2 = 3, n3 = 5, n4 = 15
colour is b. n1 = 3, n2 = 6, n3 = 10, n4 = 50
82 90 558 566 c. n1 = 8, n2 = 6, n3 = 5, n4 = 20
a. b. c. d.
648 648 648 648
d. n1 = 6, n2 = 12, n3 = 5, n4 = 20
51. If 2 balls are drawn (without replacement) from a
55. A ball is drawn at random from box I and transferred to
randomly selected box and one of the balls is white and
box II. If the probability of drawing a red ball from box I,
the other ball is red, the probability that these 2 balls are
1
drawn from box B2 is after this transfer, is , then the correct option(s) with the
3
116 126 possible values of n1 and n2 is (are)
a. b.
181 181
a. n1 = 4, n2 = 6 b. n1 = 2, n2 = 3
65 55
c. d. c. n1 = 10, n2 = 20 d. n1 = 3, n2 = 6
181 181

Paragraph for Question No. 52 to 53 Paragraph for Question No. 56 to 57

Box 1 contains three cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3; box 2 Football teams T1 and T2 have to pay two games against each
contains five cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; and box 3 other. If it assumed that the outcomes of the two games are
contains seven cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. A card independent. The probabilities of T1 winning, drawing and losing a
is drawn from each of the boxes. Let xi be the number on the
1 1 1
game against T2 are , and , respectively. Each team gets 3
card drawn from the i th box, i = 1, 2, 3. [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] 2 6 3
points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 point for a loss in a game.
52. The probability that x1 + x2 , x3 is odd, is Let X and Y denote the total points scored by teams T1 and T2
29 53 respectively, after two games. [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
a. b.
105 105 56. P( X > Y ) is
57 1 1 5 1 7
c. d. a. b. c. d.
105 2 4 12 2 12
53. The probability that x1 , x2 , x3 are in an arithmetic 57. P( X = Y ) is
progression, is 11 1
9 10 a. b.
a. b. 36 3
105 105 13 1
11 7 c. d.
c. d. 36 2
105 105
Paragraph for Question No. 58 to 59
Paragraph for Question No. 54 to 55 There are five students S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 in a music class and
Let n1 and n2 be the number of red and black balls, for them there are five seats R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 arranged in a
row, where initially the seat Ri is allotted to the student Si,
respectively, in box I. Let n3 and n4 be the number of red and
i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. But, on the examination day, the five students
black balls, respectively, in box II. [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II] are randomly allotted the five seats. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]

@iitjeehelps
104 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
58. The probability that, on the examination day, the student 12 7
ef =
ef and ee ++ f ==
S1 gets the previously allotted seat R1, and none of the 25 5
remaining students gets the seat previously allotted to 4 3 3 4
him/her is Solving, we get e = , f = or e = , f = .
5 5 5 5
3 1 7 1 1 1 1
a. b. c. d. × ×
(b, d) (a) P  X 1 
c
40 8 40 5 2. 2 4 4 1
 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 =
59. For i = 1, 2, 3, 4, let Ti denote the event that the students Si  X  × × + × × + × × + × × 8
2 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 4
and Si + 1 do not sit adjacent to each other on the day of the
8 1 1 1
examination. Then, the probability of the event − × ×
(b) P  Exactly two enginges arefunctioning  = 32 4 4 2 = 7
 
T1 ∩ T2 ∩ T3 ∩ T4 is  X  8 8
32
1 1 7 1
a. b. c. d. 11 3 1 1 1 1
15 10 60 5  X   × + × + × 
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 5
(c) P   = =
X
 2 1  1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3  8
Integer & Subjective  × + × + × + × 
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
60. Of the three independent events E2, E2, and E3, the
11 1 1 3 1 3
probability that only E1 occurs is α, only E2 occurs is β  × + × + × 
 X  2 4 4 4 4 4 4 7
and only E3 occurs is γ. Let the probability p that none of (d) P   = =
 X1  1  3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3  16
events E1, E2 or E3 occurs satisfy the equations (α – 2β ) p  × + × + × + × 
2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
= αβ and (β – 3γ) p = 2βγ . All the given probabilities are
assumed to lie in the interval (0, 1). X  P( X ∩ Y ) 1
3. (a,b) P  = =
Probability of occurrence of E1 Y  P(Y ) 2
Then = ________
Probability of occurence of E3 ⇒ P(Y ) = 2 P( X ∩ Y )
[JEE Adv. 2013 P-I] 1
⇒ P(Y ) = 2.
61. A pack contains n cards numbered from 1 to n. Two 6
consecutive numbered cards are removed from the pack 1
and the sum of the numbers on the remaining cards is ⇒ P(Y ) = . . .(i)
3
1224. If the smaller of the numbers on the removed cards
 Y  P( X ∩ Y ) 1
is k, then k –20 = _____ [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I] P  = =
X P( X ) 2
62. The minimum number of times a fair coin needs to be
⇒ P( X ) = 3P( X ∩ Y )
tossed, so that the probability of getting at least two heads
is at least 0.96 is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I] 1 1 1
= 3. = = P( x) = . . .(ii)
6 2 2
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS P( X ∪ Y ) = P( X ) + P(Y ) − P( X ∩ Y )
1. (a, d) Let P (E) = e and P (F) = f 1 1 1 5 1 2
= + − = − = (A : correct)
11 2 3 6 6 6 3
P(E ∪ F ) − P( E ∩ F ) =
25 1 1 1
P( X ∩ Y ) = = . = P( X ) ⋅ P(Y )
11 6 2 3
⇒ e + f − 2ef = . . .(i)
25 ∴ X & Y are independent (b: correct)
2 = X c & Y are independent.
P( E ∩ F ) =
25
P( X x ∩ Y ) = P X c .P X
2
⇒ (1 − e)(1 − f ) = = 1− P X . P Y
25

⇒ 1 − e − f + ef =
2  1 1 1 1
. . .(ii) = 1 −  . = ≠
25  2 3 6 3
From (i) and (ii)
4. (d)

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 105

5. (b) Variance =
∑ x − ( x)
2
1
2 11. (c) P (exactly one of A or B occurs)
n 1
= P( A) + P( B) − 2 P( A ∩ B) =
2 4
 22 + 42 + 62 + ... + 1002   2 + 4 + ... + 100 
⇒ σ2 −  P (Exactly one of B or C occurs)
 50   50 
1
σ 2 = 3434 − 2601 = 833 = P( B) + P(C ) − 2P( B ∩ C ) =
⇒ 4
Σxi P (Exactly one of C or A occurs)
6. (d) = 16 ⇒ Σxi = 256 1
16 = P(C ) + P( A) − 2P(C ∩ A) =
(Σxi ) − 16 + 3 + 4 + 5 252
4
= = 14 3
18 18 Adding all, we get 2ΣP( A) − 2ΣP( A ∩ B) =
7. (b) Standard deviation of numbers 2, 3, a and 11 is 3.5 4
1
∴ (3.5) 2 =
∑x 2
i
− (x) 2
∴ P( A ∩ B ∩ C ) =
16
(Given)
4
2 ∴ P( A ∪ B ∪ C )
4 + 9 + a 2 + 121  2 + 3 + a + 11 
⇒ (3.5) = 2
−  3 1 7
4  4  = ΣP ( A) − ΣP ( A ∩ B ) + P ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = + =
8 16 16
on solving, we get 3a 2 − 32a = 84 = 0
4 Ladies 3 Ladies
8. (c) Let x = P (computer turns out to be defective given 12. (c) x y
that it is produced in plate T2 ), 3 Men 4 Men
Total number of away
7 1 4
⇒ = (10 x) + x 4
C0 ⋅ 3C3 ⋅ 3C3 ⋅ 4 C0 + 4 C1 ⋅ 3C2 ⋅ 3C3 ⋅ 4 C1
100 5 5
⇒ 7 = 200 x + 80 x + 4 C2 ⋅ 3C1 ⋅ 3C1 ⋅ 4 C2 + 4 C3 ⋅ 3C0 ⋅ 3C0 ⋅ 4 C3 = 485
7
⇒ x=
1
280 13. (b, c) P ( X ) =
P (produced in T2 / not defective) 3

P( A ∩ B) X  1
= P =
P(B) Y  2

4 4  273  P( X ∩Y ) 1
⇒ = . . . (i)
5(1 − x) 5  280  P (Y ) 2
⇒ =
1 4 1  280 − 70  4  273  Y  2
(1 − 10 x ) + (1 − x ) +
5 5 5  280  5  280  P  =
X 5
4 × 273 2 × 273 546 78
⇒ = = = P( X ∩Y ) 2
210 + 4 × 273 105 + 2 × 273 651 93 ⇒ =
P( X ) 5
9. (b) We can apply binomial probability distribution 2
⇒ P( X ∩Y ) =
3 2 12 15
Variance = npq = 10 × × =
5 5 5 4
Put in eq.(i) P (Y ) = (b) is correct.
15
10. (c) Let A ≡ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4......, 10}
4 2
−
n( s) = 11C2 (where ‘S’ denotes sample space)  
X ' P ( X '∩ Y ) P ( Y ) − P ( X ∩ Y ) = 15 15 =
1
(c) P   = =
Let E be the given even Y  P (Y ) P (Y ) 4 2
E ≡ {(0, 4), (0,8) (2,6), (2, 10),(4,8),(6,10)} 15
(c) is correct.
n( E ) = 6
1 4 2 7
6 (d) P ( X ∪Y ) = P ( X ) + P (Y ) − P ( X ∩Y ) = + − = .
∴ P( E ) = 3 15 15 15
55 (d) is incorrect.

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106 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
14. (a) Probability P ( A ∩ B ) P ( A)
19. (d) P ( A | B ) = =
10+ 2 −1 8+ 2 −1 6 + 2 −1 4+ 2 −1 2 + 2−1 0 + 2−1 P(B) P(B)
C1 + C1 + C + C1 + C1 + C1
= 1
10+ 3−1
C2 (as A ⊂ B ⇒P(A ∩ B) = P(A))
⇒ P( A| B) ≥ P( A)
=
(11 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1) = 36 = 6
.
66 66 11 20. (d) Probability of observing at least one head out of n
tosses
15. (c) E1 : Event that first ball drawn is red. n
1
E2 : Event that first ball drawn is black. = 1 −   ≥ 0.9
2
E : Event that second ball drawn is red. n
1
E  E  ⇒   ≤ 0.1 ⇒ n ≥ 4
P( E ) = P ( E1 ) ⋅ P   + P ( E2 ) ⋅ P   2
 E1   E2  ⇒ Minimum number of tosses = 4
4 6 6 4 2
= × × × = 21. (a) Let x be the 6th observation
10 12 10 12 5
⇒ 45 + 54 + 41 + 57 + 43 + x = 48 × 6 = 288
16. (d) Standard deviation of x1 − 5 is ⇒ x = 48

Variance =  ∑ i − ( x ) 2 
9
 9 
2  x2 
∑ ( x1 − 5)  ∑ ( x1 − 5)  2
 6



σ = i =1 −  i =1 
9  9  14024 100
  ⇒ Variance = − (48) 2 =
  6 3
⇒ σ = 5 −1 = 2 ⇒ Standard deviation =
10
As, standard deviation remains constant if observations 3
are added/subtracted by a fixed quantity. 22. (b) Required numbers of ways = Total number of ways –
So, σ of xi is 2 When A and B are always included.
17. (b) Number of ways of selecting 4 novels from 6 novels = 5 C 2 . 7 C3 − 5 C1 5 C 2 = 300

=6 C4
23.

(b) Give x =
∑x 1
= 150
Number of ways of selecting 1 dictionary from 3 5
5
dictionaries 3 C1
⇒ ∑x 1 = 750
Required arrangements 6 C 4 ×3 C1 × 4! = 1080 i =1

⇒ Atleast 1000 ∑x 2
1 
− ( x ) 2 = 18
5
18. (c) Let 7 observations be x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7
7 ∑x 2
1
− (150) 2 = 18
X = 8 ⇒ ∑ xi = 56 . . .(i) 5
i =1
2
Also σ = 16 ∑x 2
1 = 112590
1 7  Given height of new student x6 = 156
( )
2
⇒ 16 =  ∑ xi2  − X
7  i =1  6

1 7 2  ∑x i
750 + 156
∑ xi − 64
i =1
⇒ 16 = New xnew = = = 151
7  i =1  6 6
6

⇒
 7 2
 ∑ xi  = 560 . . .(ii) ∑x i =1
2
1

 i =1  Also, new variance = = ( xnew ) 2
6
Now, x1 = 2, x2 = 4, x3 = 10, x4 = 12, x5 = 14
112590 + (156)2
⇒ x6 + x7 = 14 (from (i) & x62 + x72 = 100 from (ii)) = = (151)2
6
∴ x62 + x72 = ( x6 + x7 ) 2 − 2 x6 ⋅ x7 = 48 = 22821 – 22801 = 20

@iitjeehelps
Statistics and Probability 107
24. (a) Two cards are drawn successively with replacement 11
1/2 H→Sum 7 or 8 ⇒
4 Aces 48 Non Aces 36
4
C1 48C1 48C1 4C1 24 28. (c) Start
P( x = 1) = 52
× + × = 1/2 T→Number is 7 or 8 = 2
C1 52C1 52C1 52C1 169
9
4
C1 4 C1 1 1 11 1 2 19
P( x = 2) = 52
× 52 = P ( A) = × + × =
C1 C1 169 2 36 2 9 72
25
P ( x = 1) + p ( x = 2) = 1  2 5
0 n
169 29. (b) 1 − n C0     >
25. (b) E1: Event of drawing a Red ball and placing a green 3  3 6
n n
ball in the bag 1 2 2
>   ⇒ 0.1666 >   nmin = 5
E2: Event of drawing a green ball and placing a red ball in 6 3 3
the bag 5

E: Event of drawing a red ball in second draw 30. (b) X = 10 ⇒ ∑ xi = 50

i =1
 E  E 
P ( E ) = P ( E1 ) × P   + P ( E2 ) × P   5
E
 1  E2  ∑x
i =1
2
i
S.D = − ( X )2 = 8
5 4 2 6 32 5
= × + × =
7 7 7 7 49 5
⇒ ∑ (x ) i
2
= 190
26. (b) ∑ (x i + 1) = 9 n 2
. . .(i) i =1

5
∑ (x i + 1) 2 = 5n . . .(ii) ∑ (x ) i
2
= (−50) 2
 5 x − 50 
Variance = i =1
−∑ i
(i) + (ii) ⇒ ∑ (x 2
1 + 1) = 7 n 6  i =1 6 
 =507.5

⇒
∑x i
2

=6 31. (d) Variance is independent of origin. So we shift the

n
1
(i) – (ii) ⇒ 4∑ xi = 4n given data by .
2
⇒ ∑x i =n So,
10 d 2 + 10 × 10 2 + 10 d 2 4 2
− (0) 2 = d = 2 ⇒ | d |= 2
30 3
⇒
∑x i
=1 32. (a) Since sum of two numbers is even so either both are
n odd or both are even. Hence number of elements in
⇒ Variance = 6 – 1 = 5 reduced samples space = 5C 2 + 6 C 2
⇒ Standard diviation = 5 5
C2
So, required probability =
27. (a) Let two observations are x1 & x2 5
C2 + 6C 2

mean =
∑x i
=5
33. (b) 7,
5 1, 6
⇒ 1 + 3 + 8 + x1 + x2 = 25 2, 5
3, 4
⇒ x1 + x2 = 13 . . .(i)
1, 2, 4
∑x 2
5
Variance (σ 2 ) = = 25 = 9.20
i
P = 20
5 2
⇒ ∑ xi2 = 171 30 1
34. (c) p (probability of getting white ball) = q = and n
⇒ x + x = 97
2
1
2
2 . . .(ii) 40 4
3
by (i) & (ii) ( x12 + x2 ) 2 − 2 x1 x2 = 97 =16 mean = np = 16 ⋅ = 12 and standard deviation
4
or x1 x2 = 36
3 1
∴ x1 : x2 = 4 : 9 = npq = 16 ⋅ ⋅ = 3
4 4

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108 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
50
3
35. (d) ∑ (x
i =1
i − 30) = 50 P( B1 ) =
10
∑ xi = 50 × 30 = 50 3
P ( B2 ) =
∑ xi = 50 + 50 + 30 10
4
∑ xi 50 × 30 + 50 P( B3 ) =
Mean = X = = = 30 + 1 = 31 10
n 50
4 3
36. (b) 44 ×
10 8 4
= =
1  53 2C1 ⋅ 52  175
3 5 3 5 4 3 13
× + × + ×
 + = 10 10 10 8 10 8
62  63 6 3  65
40. (d) Statement-I,
37. (c) mean x = 4, σ 2 = 5.2, n = 5, x1 = 3 + x2 = 4 = x3
 E 
If P( H i ∩ E ) = 0 for some i, then P  i  = P 
H
∑x = 20 =0
i  E   Hi 
x4 + x5 = 9 . . .(i) If P( H i ∩ E ) ≠ 0 for ∀ i = 1, 2,..., n , then
2
x
∑ x − ( x )2 = σ 2 ⇒20∑ xi2 = 106
i
H
P i
 P ( H i ∩ E ) P( H i )
= ×
 E  P( H i ) P( E )
x42 + x52 = 65 . . .(ii)
2  E 
Using (i) and (ii) (x4 – x5) = 49 P   × P( H i )
H  E 
|x4 – x5| = 7 =  i > P   ⋅ P( H i ) [as 0 < P( E ) < 1]
P( E )  Hi 
38. (c) Expected Gain/Loss =
Hence statement I may not always be true.
= w × 100 + Lw (–50 + 100) + L2w (–50 –50 + 100) + L3
(–150) Statement II, H1 ∪ H 2 ... ∪ H n = S (sample space)
2 3 ⇒ P ( H1 ) + P( H 2 ) + ... + P( H n ) = 1.
1 2 1  2 1 2
= × 100 + ⋅ (50) +     (0) +   ( −150) = 0
3 3 3  3 3 3 a b
here w denotes probability that outcome 5 or 6 41. (b) For unique solution ≠ 0 where a, b, c, d ∈{0,1}
c d
 2 1
 W = =  here L denotes probability that outcome Total cases = 16. Favorable cases = 6 (Either ad = 1,
 6 3
bc = 0 or ad = 0, bc = 1).
 4 2
1,2,3,4  L = =  Probability that system of equations has unique solution is
 6 3
6 3
39. (a,b,c) = and system of equations has either unique
16 8
Bag1 Bag2 Bag3 solution or infinite solutions so that probability for system
Red Balls 5 3 5 to have a solution is 1.
Green Balls 5 5 3 2
Total 10 8 8 42. (b) P (ui ) = ki ⇒ Σ P (ui ) = 1 ⇒ k =
n(n + 1)
(a) P (Ball is Green) n
2i 2 2n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 2
= P( B1 ) P(G / B1 ) + P( B2 ) P(G / B2 ) + P ( B3 ) P (G / B3 ) lim P( w) = lim ∑ = lim =
n →∞ n →∞
i =1 n(n + 1) n→∞ n(n + 1) 2 6 3
3 5 3 5 4 3 39
= × + + + × =
10 10 10 8 10 8 80  n 
c 
43. (a) P   =  n + 1  =

3 un  2
(b) P(Ball chosen is Green / Ball is from 3rd Bag ) =
8  w  c  Σi  n + 1
 
(c,d) P(Ball is from 3rd Bag / Ball Chosen is Green)  n +1

=
P ( B3 ) P (G / B3 ) 44. (b) P  w  = 2 + 4 + 6 + ...n = n + 2
P ( B1 ) P(G / B1 ) + P ( B2 ) P(G / B2 ) + P ( B3 ) P (G / B3 ) E n ( n + 1) 2( n + 1)
2

@iitjeehelps
 Statistics and Probability 109
 5   5  1 25  A
45. (a) P( X = 3) =     = P   .P ( E 2 )
 6   6  6 216  E2 
=
A  A  A 
1 5 1 11 P   .P ( E1 ) + P   .P ( E2 ) +   .P ( E.3 )
46. (b) P( X ≤ 2) = + × = E
 1 E
 2  E3 
6 6 6 36
11 25 C1 × 3C1 1
2
1
Required probability = 1 − = 9
×
C2 3 6 55
36 36 = 1 = =
C1 × 3C1 1 2 C1 × 3C1 1 3 C1 × 4 C1 1 1 + 1 + 2 181.
× + 9 × + 12 ×
47. (d) For X ≥ 6, the probability is 6
C2 3 C2 3 C2 3 5 6 11
5
55 56 55  1   5  52. (b) Case (i): One odd, 2 even
+ + ...∞ =
66 67 66  1 − 5/ 6   6  Total number of ways
3 = 2×2×3+1×3×3+1×2×4 = 29.
53 54 55 5
For X > 3 4 + 5 + 6 + ...∞ =   Case (ii): AII 3 odd
6 6 6 6
Number of ways = 2×3×4 = 24
(5 / 6)6 25 Favourable ways = 53
Hence the conditional probability =
(5 / 6)3 36 53 53
Required probability = = .
48. (b) 3 × 5 × 7 105
3/5 W (2W) W
1
53. (c) Here 2 x2 = x1 + x3
1/2 H 2/5 1/2
R
1W 1R
1
W ⇒ x1 + x3 = even
Coin 3W W
3/10 2W Hence number of favourable ways
T 6/10 2/3
1/2 1W 1R 2W, 1R W
= 2C1 ⋅4 C2 +1 C 1 ⋅3 C1 = 11.
1/3
1/10 2R 1W, 2R W
54. (a, b) P (Red Ball) = P(1) ⋅ P( R | I ) + P( II ) ⋅ P( R | II )
1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 6 2 1 1 1
P(W) = × + × × + × + × × + × × 1 P(II ) ⋅ P( R | II )
2 5 2 5 2 2 10 2 10 3 2 10 3 P(II | R) = =
1  9 1  23 3 P(I ).P(R | I ) + P(II ) ⋅ P( R | II )
=  9+3+ + 6 +  =
30  2 2  30 n3
1 n3 + n4
= of the given options 1 and 2 satisfy
49. (d) P  Head appear on coin 

3 12 n1 + n3
 ball drawn from U 2 is white  23n1 + n2 n3 + n4
1 3 1 2 1 above condition
 × + × ×
pear on coin 2 5 2 5 2  12 
= 1 3 1 6 2 1 1 1 =  55. (c, d) P (Red after Transfer) = P (Red Transfer), P (Red
rom U is white  × + × × + × ×  23  Transfer in II Case)
2 10 2 10 3 2 10 3
+ P (Black Transfer). P (Red Transfer in II Case)
50. (a) P (required) = P (all are white) + P (all are red) + P
n1 (n1 − 1) n2 n2 1
(all are black) P( R) = + . =
n1 + n2 (n1 + n2 − 1) n1 + n2 n1 + n2 − 1 3
1 2 3 3 3 4 2 4 5 5
= × × + × × + × × × of the given option 3 and 4 satisfy above condition.
6 9 12 6 9 12 6 9 12 12
6 36 40 82 56. (b) P( x > Y ) = T1T1 + DT1 + T1 D (Where T1 represents wins
= + + = .
648 648 648 648 and D represents draw)
51. (d) Let A : one ball is white and other is red 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
= ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ =
E1 : Both balls are from box B1 2 2 6 2 2 6 12
E2 : Both balls are from box B2 57. (c) P( X = Y ) = DD + T1T2 + T2T1
E3 : Both balls are from box B3 1 1 1 1 1 1
= ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
6 6 2 3 3 2
E 
Here, P (required) = P  2  1 1 39 13
 A = + = =
36 3 36 × 3 36

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110 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
58. (a) Derangement of S2 , S3 , S4 , S5 is γ
Similarly z =
 1 1 1 1 γ+p
= 4! 1 − + − +  = 9
 1! 2! 3! 4!  α γ+p p
1+
P( E1 ) α + p γ γ
Probability =
9
=
9
=
3 So, = = =
P( E3 ) γ α+p p
5! 120 40 1+
γ+p α α
59. (c) Method (i):
The possible arrangements are: αβ 2βγ 5αγ
Also given = p= ⇒β =
(1) P1 P3 P5 P2 P4 α − 2β β − 3γ α + 4y
(2) P1 P4 P2 P5 P3   5αγ   α .5αγ
Substituting back  α − 2   p =
(3) P2 P4 P1 P3 P5   α + 4γ   α + 4γ
(4) P2 P4 P1 P5 P3 ⇒ α p − 6 pγ = 5αγ
(5) P2 P5 P3 P1 P4 p  p 
⇒  + 1 = 6  + 1
(6) P3 P1 P4 P2 P5 γ  α 
p
(7) P3 P1 P5 P2 P4 +1
γ
(8) P3 P5 P2 P4 P1 ⇒ = 6.
p
+1
(9) P3 P5 P1 P4 P2 α
(10) P4 P1 P3 P5 P2 61. (5) Clearly,
(11) P4 P2 P5 P1 P3 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n − 2 ≤ 1224 ≤ 3 + 4 + … n
(12) P4 P2 P5 P3 P1 (n − 2) (n − 1) (n − 2)
⇒ ≤ 1224 ≤ (3 + n)
(13) P5 P1 P3 P2 P4 2 2
⇒ n 2 − 3n − 2446 ≤ 0 and
(14) P5 P2 P4 P1 P3
n 2 + n − 2454 ≥ 0
14 7
∴ Required probability = = ⇒ 49 < n < 51
120 60
⇒ n = 50
Method (ii): 5!− 4 C1 × 4!× 2!+ ( 3C1 × 3!× 2!+ 3C1 × 3!× 2!× 2!)
n(n + 1)
∴
at least one pair at least two pair
− (2k + 1) = 1224
− ( C1 × 2!× 2!+ C1 × 2 × 2!+ C1 × 2 × 2!) + 2 = 14
2 2 2 2
⇒ k = 25 ⇒ k − 20 = 5
at least 3

14 7
Required probability = = 62. (8) Let coin was tossed ‘n’ times
5! 60
60. (6) Let P( E1 ) = x, P ( E2 ) = y and P ( E3 ) = z Probability of getting at least two heads
1 n
then (1 – x ) (1 − y ) (1 − z ) = p = 1−  n + n 
 2 2 
x (1 − y ) (1 − z ) = α
⇒  n + 1
1 −  n  ≥ 0.96
(1 − x ) y (1 − z ) = β  2 
(1 − x ) (1 − y ) (1 − z ) = γ 2n
⇒ ≥ 25
1− x P α n +1
So, = x=
x α α+p ⇒ n≥8

  

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations
Trigonometrical Ratios and 111

10 Equations
QUICK LOOK Note
π
For values of circular functions, the angle x = − and the angle
sin x,cos x and tan x are (trigonometrical) circular functions. 2
Their reciprocals cosec x , sec x and cot x are also circular 3π
x= are the same angle.
functions. These functions are related by the following 2
identities.

sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1 Sign of Value

sin x ≥ 0 if 0 ≤ x ≤ π

sin x = 1 − cos x
2 2

sin x < 0 if π < x < 2π

cos2 x = 1 − sin 2 x
π π

sec2 x − tan 2 x = 1
cos x ≥ 0 if − ≤x≤
2 2

1 + tan 2 x = sec2 x
π3π

sec2 x − 1 = tan 2 x
cos x < 0 if <x<
2 2

cosec2 x − cot 2 x = 1
π 3π

1 + cot 2 x = cosec2 x
tan x ≥ 0 if 0 ≤ x < or π ≤ x <
2 2

cosec2 x − 1 = cot 2 x π 3π

tan x < 0 if < x < π or < x < 2π
1 2 2

sec x + tan x =
sec x − tan x
Trend of values of circular functions in [0, 2 π ] or [– π , π ]
1 Function Domain of gradual Domain of gradual

cosec x + cot x = increase decrease
cosec x − cot x
sin x  π π  π 3π 
− 2 , 2  2 , 2 
Domain and Range of Circular Function    
Function Domain Range i.e.,
sin x R [–1, 1]
 π   3π 
cos x R [–1, 1] 0, 2  ∪  2 , 2π 
   
tan x  π 3π 5π  ( −∞, ∞ )
R −  , , ,.... cos x [−π , 0] i.e., [π , 2π ] [0, π ]
2 2 2  tan x  π  π  No gradual decrease;
cosec x R − {0, π , 2π ,3π ,....} ( −∞, −] ∪ [1, +∞ ) 0, 2  ,  2 , π  sudden fall of value
     3π   3π 
sec x  π 3π 5π
R −  , , ,....
 ( −∞, −1) ∪ [1, +∞ ) π , 2 ,  , 2π 
   2 
2 2 2 
π 3π
cot x R − {0, π , 2π ,3π ,....} ( −∞, ∞ ) at and
2 2

Pictorically the result can be remembered as follows:

Q sin x cos x tan x
x =π /2 x =π /2 x =π /2
S P
R 0 –∞ +∞
B 1
A
O U T decrease increase −1 decrease increasing increasing
x =π 0 0 x=0 x =π 1 x=0 x =0

0
−1 +∞ –∞
x = 3π / 2 x = 3π / 2
Figure: 10.2
Figure: 10.1

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112 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Conversion of Circular Functions of Complementary 2 tan A

tan 2 A =
Angles, Supplementary Angles, etc. 1 − tan 2 A

If f ( x ) is a circular function then f (2nπ + x ) = f ( x ) where

sin 3A = 3sin A − 4sin3 A
n is an integer. That is why all circular functions are

cos3 A = 4cos3 A − 3cos A
periodic functions.

sin(−θ ) = − sin θ 3 tan A − tan 3 A

tan 3 A =
1 − 3tan 2 A

cos( −θ ) = − cos θ

tan( −θ ) = − tan θ Circular functions of half of an angle can be expressed as
circular functions of the angle.
π 

sin  − θ  = cos θ
2  A 1 − cos A

sin =
2 2
π 

cos  − θ  = sin θ
2  A 1 + cos A

cos =
2 2
π 

tan  − θ  = cot θ
2  A 1 − cos A 1 − cos A sin A

tan = = =
π  2 1 + cos A sin A 1 + cos A

sin  + θ  = cos θ
2  Conversions of Sums of Sines and Cosines into Products of
π  Sines and Cosines, and Conversely

cos  + θ  = − sin θ
 2  C+D C−D

sin C + sin D = 2sin ·cos
π  2 2

tan  + θ  = − cot θ
 2  C+D C−D

sin C − sin D = 2cos ·sin

sin(π − θ ) = sin θ 2 2

cos(π − θ ) = − cos θ C+D C−D

cos C + cos D = 2cos ·cos

tan(π − θ ) = − tan θ 2 2

sin(π + θ ) = − sin θ C+D C−D

cos C − cos D = 2sin ⋅ sin
2 2

cos(π + θ ) = − cos θ

tan(π + θ ) = tan θ Note
π  C +π /2− D C −π / 2 + D
Conversion of Circular Functions of Compound, Multiple
sin C + cos D = sin C + sin  − D  = 2sin ·cos
2  2 2
and Submultiple Angles
sin C sin D sin(C + D)
Circular functions of the algebraic sum of two angles can be
tan C + tan D = + =
cos C cos D cos C ·cos D
expressed as circular functions of separate angles.

sin( A ± B ) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B

1
sin A.cos B = {sin( A + B) + sin( A − B)}

cos( A ± B ) = cos A cos B ± sin A sin B 2
1
tan A ± tan B
sin A.sin B = {cos( A − B) − cos( A + B )}

tan( A ± B) = 2
1 ∓ tan A·tan B
1
cot A cot B ∓ 1
sin A.cos B = {sin( A + B) + sin( A − B)}

cot( A ± B) = 2
cot B ± cot A
1

cos A.cos B = {cos( A − B ) + cos( A + B)}
Circular functions of the multiple of an angle can be expressed 2
as circular functions of the angle.
sin( A + B ).sin( A − B) = sin 2 A − sin 2 B
2 tan A

sin 2 A = 2 sin A cos A =
cos( A + B ).cos( A − B ) = cos 2 A − sin 2 B
1 + tan 2 A
1 − tan 2 A Conversion of Powers of a Circular Function in Terms of

cos 2 A = cos 2 A = = 2 cos 2 A − 1 = 1 − 2sin 2 A
1 + tan 2 A Circular Functions of Multiple angles

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 113
1
A+ B +C =π

sin 2 A = (1 − cos 2 A)
2
sin( B + C ) = sin(π − A) = sin A
1
cos(C + A) = cos(π − B ) = − cos B

cos 2 A = (1 + cos 2 A)
2 A+ B π C  C

sin = sin  −  = cos
1 − cos 2 A 2 2 2 2

tan 2 A =
1 + cos 2 A B+C π A A

cos = cos  −  = sin
3sin A − sin 3 A 2 2 2 2

tan 3 A =
4
Trigonometrical Relations between Sides and Angles
3cos A + cos 3 A For any ∆ ABC we have

cos A =
3

4 a b c

Periodic form of a cos x + b sin x
= = = 2 R where R = circumradius (Sine-
sin A sin B sin C

a cos x + b sin x = a 2 + b 2 rule)
b2 + c 2 − a 2
cos( x − α ) where cos α =
a
cos A = , etc. (Cosine formulae)
2bc
a 2 + b2

a cos B + b cos A = c, etc.
or a cos x + b sin x = a2 + b2 sin( x + β ) where
A ( s − b)( s − c )

sin = , etc., where 2 s = a + b + c
a 2 bc
sin β =
a2 + b2 A s (s − a)

cos = etc.

− a + b ≤ a cos x + b sin x ≤ a + b
2 2 2 2 2 bc
A ( s − b)( s − c) ( s − b)( s − c) ∆
Values of Circular Functions When the Angles are 18°, 36°
tan = = = , etc.,
2 s (s − a) ∆ s( s − a)
5 −1 where ∆ = area of DABC

sin18° =
4 A (s − a)

cot = etc..
5 +1 2 ∆

cos 36° =
4 B −C b−c A

tan = cot , etc.
2 b+c 2
Some Useful Identities Area of a Triangle: If the area of a ∆ ABC is denoted by ∆

tan( A + B + C ) =
∑ tan A − tan A.tan B.tan C then
1 − ∑ tan A.tan B 1

∆ = bc sin A, etc.

tan( A + B ) − tan A − tan B = tan A.tan B.tan( A + B ) 2
2∆

tan θ = cot θ − 2 cot 2θ
sin A = , etc.
bc

sin α + sin(α + β ) + sin(α + 2β ) + .... + sin(α + n − 1β )

∆ = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
nβ
sin
= 2 sin 2α + (n − 1) β Ratio Formula: In the
A
β 2 ∆ABC, AD divides BC in the ratio
sin
2 m : n at D and ∠BAC in two parts α β

cos α + cos(α + β ) + cos(α + 2β ) + .... + cos(α + n −1β ) ∠BAD = α , ∠CAD = β . If

θ
∠ ADB = θ then
nβ B m D n C
sin
( m + n) cot θ = n cot β − m cot α
= 2 cos 2α + (n − 1) β Figure: 10.3
β 2
( m + n) cot θ = m cot C − n cot B
sin
2
Some Important Identities for Angles of a Triangle: In a
Properties of Triangle
∆ABC , we have
Angles of a Triangle: In a triangle ABC, three angles are A, B

sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C = 4 sin A sin B sin C
and C.

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114 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

1 + cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C = −4 cos A cos B cos C O

A B C

sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos r 2π r
2 2 2 h n

A B C a/2 a/2

cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin A1 P A2
2 2 2
Figure: 10.6

cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C + 2 cos A cos B cos C = 1
a a

tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A ⋅ tan B ⋅ tan C , i.e., 1  2π  2 = sin 1  2π 

Also, 2 = tan  ,   , etc.
cot B ⋅ cot C + cot C ⋅ cot A + cot A ⋅ cot B = 1 h 2 n  r 2 n 
A B 2(n − 2)

∑ tan 2 ·tan 2 = 1 i.e.,
Each interior angle of the regular polygon =
n
× 90°.

cot
A B C A B C
+ cot + cot = cot cot cot . 2π

Each exterior angle of the regular polygon =
2 2 2 2 2 2 n

Circumradius, Inradius and Exradii: In the ∆ABC , let the

Solution of Equations
circumradius = R, inradius = r and the three exradii
General Values of Unknown Angles
corresponding to the vertices A, B and C be r1 , r2 and r3

If sin x = k = sin α ,( k ≤ 1)
respectively. Then
A
Then x = nπ + (−1)n α where n ∈ z , z being the set of
r1 = I A D = exradius integers.
B D C
If cos x = k = cos α ,( k ≤ 1) then x = 2 nπ ± α where
n∈ z.
IA

If tan x = k = tan α , (k ∈ R ) then x = nπ + α where n ∈ z .
Figure: 10.4

a abc Condition for Existence of Real Solutions

R= =
2sin A 4∆
The equation sin θ = k can have real solutions for θ if
−1 ≤ k ≤ 1

∆ A B C A B C
R= = ( s − a) tan = ( s − b) tan = ( s − c) tan = 4 R sin ·sin ·sin
s 2 2 2 2 2 2
The equation cos θ = k can have real solutions for θ if
∆ A A B C −1 ≤ k ≤ 1

r1 = = s tan = 4 R sin cos cos
s−a 2 2 2 2
The equation tan θ = k can have real solutions for all real k
∆ B B C A
The equation cot θ = k can have real solutions for all real k

r2 = = s tan = 4 R sin cos cos
s −b 2 2 2 2
The equation sec θ = k can have real solutions for θ if
∆ C C A B k ≤ −1 or k ≥ 1

r3 = = s tan = 4 R sin cos cos
s−c 2 2 2 2
The equation cosec θ = k can have real solutions for θ if
A
k ≤ −1 or k ≥ 1
r = ID = inradius

I
Trigonometrical Inequalities and Inequalities
B D C Basic inequalities
Figure: 10.5

−1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1
Regular Polygon: A regular polygon of n sides will have its

−1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1
vertices on a circle. If O be the centre and r be the radius of the

sec x ≥ 1or sec x ≥ −1
circle, and a be the length of each side then clearly, in the

cosec x ≥ 1or cosec x ≤ −1
2π
∆OA1 , A2 , ∠A1OA2 = because ∆OA1 A2 will be one of the n
n
For positive quantities AM ≥ GM , equally holding if all the
equal triangles with a vertex at O. quantities are equal.

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 115
Solutions of Trigonometrical Inequations
Inequation Solution in [0, 2π ] or [−π , π ] General Solution (n ∈ Z )

sin x > k ( = sin α ) x ∈ (α , π − α ) x ∈ (2nπ + α , 2n + 1π − α )

sin x < k ( = sin α ) x ∈ [0, α ] ∪ (π − α , 2π ) x ∈ [2nπ , 2nπ + α ) ∪
(2n + 1π − α , 2n + 1π + π )
cos x > k ( = cos α ) x ∈ ( −α , α ) x ∈ (2 nπ − α , 2 nπ + α )
cos x < k ( = cos α ) x ∈ (α , 2π − α ) x ∈ (2nπ + α , 2n + 1π − α )
tan x > k ( = tan α )  π  3π   π
x ∈ α ,  ∪ π + α ,  x ∈  nπ + α , nπ + 
 2  2   2
tan x < k ( = tan α ) π   π   π 
x ∈  , π + α  ∪  − ,α  x ∈  nπ − , nπ + α 
2   2   2 

Multiple Choice Questions 5. In a triangle ABC with fixed base BC , the vertex A moves

One and More than One Correct A

such that cos B + cos C = 4sin 2 . If a, b and c denote the
2
1. Internal bisector of ∠ A of triangle ABC meets side BC at
lengths of the sides of the triangle opposite to the angles
D. A line drawn through D perpendicular to AD intersects
A, B and C , respectively [JEE 2009 P-I]
the side AC at E and the side AB at F. If a, b, c represent
sides of ∆ABC then [JEE 2006] a. b + c = 4a
a. AE is HM of b and c b. b + c = 2a
2bc A c. locus of point A is an ellipse
b. AD = cos
b+c 2 d. locus of point A is a pair of straight lines
4bc A
c. EF = sin sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
b+c 2 6. If + = , then [JEE 2009 P-I]
d. the triangle AEF is isosceles 2 3 5
2 sin 8 x cos8 x 1
2. If 0 < θ < 2π , then the intervals of values of θ for which a. tan 2 x = b. + =
3 8 27 125
2sin 2 θ − 5sin θ + 2 > 0, is [JEE 2006] 1 sin 8 x cos8 x 2
c. tan 2 x = d. + =
 π   5π   π 5π  3 8 27 125
a.  0,  ∪  , 2π  b.  , 
 6  6  8 6 
π 6
 (m − 1)π 
 π   π 5π   41π 
,π 
7. For 0 < θ <
2
, the solution (s) of ∑ cos ec θ + 

c.  0,  ∪  ,  d.  m =1 4
 8 6 6   48 
 mπ 
cos ex θ +  = 4 2 is (are) [JEE 2009 P-II]
 π  4 
3. Let θ ∈  0,  and t1 = (tanθ )tanθ , t2 = (tanθ )cotθ , t3 = (cot θ )tanθ
 4 π π π 5π
a. b. c. d.
and t 4 = (cot θ ) cot θ , then [JEE 2006] 4 6 12 12
a. t1 > t2 > t3 > t4 b. t4 > t3 > t1 > t2 π
8. Let ABC be a triangle such that ∠ACB = and let a, b and
c. t3 > t1 > t2 > t4 d. t2 > t3 > t1 > t4 6
c denote the lengths of the sides opposite to A, B and C
4. The number of solutions of the pair of equations respectively. The value (s) of x for which a = x 2 + x + 1,
2 sin θ − cos 2θ = 0, 2 cos θ − 3 sin θ = 0 in
2 2
the interval
b = x 2 − 1 and c = 2 x + 1 is (are) [JEE 2010 P-I]
[0, 2π ] is [JEE 2007 P-I]
a. − (2 + 3) b. 1 + 3
a. zero b. one
c. two d. four c. 2 + 3 d. 4 3

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116 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
7 QR and RP at N, L and M respectively, such that the
9. Let PQR be a triangle of area ∆ with a = 2, b = and
2 lengths of PN, QL and RM are consecutive even integers.
5 Then possible length(s) of the side(s) of the triangle is
c= , where a, b and c are the lengths of the sides of the (are) [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]
2
triangle opposite to the angles at P, Q and R respectively. a. 16 b. 18 c. 24 d. 22

2sin P − sin 2P 15. For x ∈ (0, π ), the equation sin x + 2 sin 2 x − sin 3 x − 3 has
Then equals [JEE 2012 P-II]
2sin P + sin 2 P [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
2 2 a. infinitely many solutions b. three solutions
3 45  3   45 
a. b. c.   d.   c. one solution d. no solution
4∆ 4∆  4∆   4∆ 
1
10. Let θ ,ϕ ∈ 0,2π be such that [JEE 2012 P-I] 16. Let f k ( x ) = (sin k x + cos k x), where x ∈ R and k ≥ 1.
k
 θ θ Then f 4 ( x ) − f 6 ( x ) equals: [JEE Main 2014]
2cosθ 1 − sin ϕ = sin 2 θ  tan + cot  cosϕ − 1 tan
 2 2 1 1 1 1
a. b. c. d.
3 6 3 4 12
2π − θ > 0 and −1 < sin θ < − . Then ϕ cannot satisfy.
2 17. If 0 ≤ x < 2π , then the number of real values of x, which
π π 4π satisfy the equation cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3 x + cos 4 x = 0, is:
a. 0 < ϕ < b. < ϕ <
2 2 3 [JEE Main 2016]
4π 3π 3π a. 3 b. 5
c. <ϕ < d. < ϕ < 2π
3 2 2 c. 7 d. 9
 π
2 18. Let S =  x ∈ (−π , π ) : x ≠ 0, ± . The sum of all distinct
11. Let f : (−1, 1) → IR be such that f (cos 4θ ) =  2
2 − sec2 θ
solutions of the equation 3 sec x + cosec x + 2(tan x − cot
 π  π π   1
for  0,  ∪  ,  , then the values of f  3  is(are) x ) = 0 in the set S is equal to [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]
 4 4 2
[JEE 2012 P-II] 7π 2π 5π
a. − b. − c. 0 d.
3 3 2 2 9 9 9
a. 1 − b. 1 + c. 1 − d. 1 + 19. In a triangle XYZ, let x, y, z be the lengths of sides
2 2 3 3 opposite to the angles X, Y, Z, respectively, and
ABCD is a trapezium such that AB and CD are parallel s−x s− y s−z
12. 2s = x + y + z. If = = and area of incircle
and BC ⊥ CD. If ∠ ADB = θ , BC = p and CD = q, then 4 3 2
8π
AB is equal to [JEE Main 2013] of the triangle XYZ is , then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]
3
( p + q )sin θ
2 2
p + q 2 cosθ
2
a. b. a. area of the triangle XYZ is 6 6
p cosθ + q sin θ p cosθ + q sin θ
35
p2 + q2 ( p 2 + q 2 )sin θ b. the radius of circumcircle of the triangle XYZ is 6
c. 2 d. 6
p cosθ + q 2 sin θ ( p cosθ + q sin θ ) X Y Z 4
c. sin sin sin =
tan A cot A 2 2 2 35
13. The expression + can be written as
1 − cot A 1 − tan A  X +Y  3
d. sin 2  =
[JEE Main 2013]  2  5
a. sin A cos A + 1 b. sec A cosec A + 1 20. If 5(tan 2 x − 2 cos 2 x ) = 2cos 2 x + 9, then the value of cos
c. tan A + cot A d. sec A + cosec A 4x is [JEE Main 2017]
2 7
1 a. b. −
14. In a triangle PQR, P is the largest angle and cos P = . 9 9
3
3 1
Further the incircle of the triangle touches the sides PQ, c. − d.
5 3

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 117
21. If sum of all the solutions of the equation π π π π
28. The value of cos ⋅ cos ⋅ ....... ⋅ cos ⋅ sin is:
 π π  1
2 3 10
 2 2 2 210
8cos x ⋅  cos  + x  ⋅ cos  − x  −  = 1 in [0,π ] is kπ ,
 6  6  2 [JEE Main 2019]
then is equal to: [JEE Main 2018] 1 1
a. b.
20 2 13 8 256 2
a. b. c. d.
9 3 9 9 1 1
c. d.
22. In a triangle PQR, let ∠PQR = 30° and the sides PQ and 512 1024
QR have lengths 10 3 and 10, respectively. Then, which 29. With the usual notation, in ∆ABC, if ∠A +∠B =120º,
of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE?
a = 3 + 1 and b = 3 − 1 , then the ratio ∠A : ∠B, is:
[JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
[JEE Main 2019]
a. ∠QPR = 45°
a. 7 : 1 b. 5 : 3
b. The area of the triangle PQR is 25 3 and ∠QRP = 120° c. 9 : 7 d. 3 : 1
c. The radius of the incircle of the triangle PQR is
30. In a triangle, the sum of lengths of two sides is x and the
10 3 − 15
product of the lengths of the same two sides is y. If x2 – c2 =
d. The area of the circumcircle of the triangle PQR is
y, where c is the length of the third side of the triangle, then
100π the circumradius of the triangle is: [JEE Main 2019]
3 5 π y c
23. If cos(α + β ) = , sin(α − β ) = and 0 < α , β < , then a. b.
5 13 4 3 3
tan (2α) is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] c 3
c. d. y
a. 21/16 b. 63/52 3 2
c. 33/52 d. 63/16
1
31. Let f k ( x ) = (sin k x + cos k x ) for k = 1,2,3,..Then for all
24. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are in A.P. and the k
greatest angle is double the smallest, then a ratio of x ∈ R, the value of f 4 ( x ) − f 6 ( x ) is equal to
lengths of the sides of this triangle is: [JEE Main 2019] [JEE Main 2019]
a. 5 : 9 : 13 b. 5 : 6 : 7
5 −1
c. 4 : 5 : 6 d. 3 : 4 : 5 a. b.
12 12
π π  1 1
25. For any θ, ∈  ,  , the expression 3(sin θ − cos θ ) 4 c. d.
4 2 4 12
+6(sin θ + cos θ ) + 4 sin 6 θ equals:
2
[JEE Main 2019]
 π
a. 13 − 4cos6 θ 32. The maximum value of 3cosθ + 5sin  θ −  for any real
 6
b. 13 − 4cos4 θ + 2sin 2 θ cos2 θ value of θ is: [JEE Main 2019]
c. 13 − 4cos2 θ + 6cos4 θ
79
d. 13 − 4cos2 θ + 6sin 2 θ cos2 θ a. 19 b.
2
π
26. If 0 ≤ x ≤ , then the number of values of x for which sin c. 31 d. 34
2
x – sin2x + sin3x = 0, is [JEE Main 2019] 33. If sin 4α + 4cos 4 β + 2 = 4 2 sinα cosβ ; α,β,∈[0, π], then
a. 0 b. 1
cos(α + β ) – cos(α – β) is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
c. 3 d. 4
a. 0 b. − 2
 π
27. The sum of all values of θ ∈  0,  satisfying
 2  c. 1 d. 2
3 34. In a non right angled triangle ∆PQR , let p, q , r denote the
sin 2 2θ + cos 4 2θ = is: [JEE Main 2019]
4 lengths of the sides opposite to the angle P , Q , R
π 3π 5π respectively. The median from R meets the side PQ at S ,
a. b. π c. d.
2 8 4 the perpendicular from P meets the sides QR at E, and RS

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118 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

and PE intersect at O. If p = 3, q = 1 and the radius of

1 0 1 0

(C) ∫ (1 − y 2 )dx + ∫ (y 2 −1)dy 3.

0 1
∫ 1 − x dx + ∫ 1 + x dx
the circumcircle of the ∆PQR equals to 1, then which of
0 1

(D) If sin A sin B sin C 4.1

the following options is/are correct? [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
+ cos A cos B = 1 then
7
a. length of RS = the value of sin C =
2
a. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
1
b. length of OE = b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
6 c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 1; D→ 3
3 d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
c. Radius of incircle of ∆PQR = (2 − 3)
2 37. Match the Statements/Expressions in Column I with the
Statements/Expressions in Column II [JEE 2008 P-II]
3
d. Area of ∆SOE = Column I Column II
12
35. For non-negative integer n, let (A) The minimum value of 1. 0
n x2 + 2x + 4
 k +1   k + 2  is
∑
k =0
sin  π  sin 
n+2  n+2 
π x+2
f ( n) = n
(B) Let A and B be 3 × 3 2. 1
 k +1 
∑
k =0
sin 2 
n+2 
π matrices of real numbers,
where A is symmetric, B
Assuming cos−1 x takes values in [0, π ] which of the is skew symmetric, and
following options is/are correct? [JEE Adv. 2019 P.II] (A+B) (A–B) = (A–B) =

a. If α = tan(cos −1
f (6)), then α + 2α − 1 = 0
2 (A+B). If ( AB)t = (−1)k AB,

1 where ( AB ) t is the
b. lim f ( x) =
x →∞ 2 transpose of the matrix
3 AB , then the possible
c. f (4) =
2 values of k are
−1
d. sin(7 cos f (5)) = 0 (C) Let a = log 3 log 3 2. An 3. 2
integer k satisfying
Matrix Match / Column Match ( − k + 3− a )
1< 2 < 2, must be
36. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II: less than
[JEE 2006]
(D) If sinθ + cosφ , then the 4. 3
Column I Column II
possible value of
(A) Two rays in the first 1. 2
quadrant x + y = | a | 1 π
θ ± φ −  are
and ax – y =1
π 2
intersects each other a. A→ 3; B→ 2,4; C→ 3,4; D→ 1,3
in the interval
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
a ∈ ( a0 , ∞ ), the
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
value of a 0 is
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(B) Point (α,β ,γ) lies on 2. 4 / 3
the plane x + y + z = 2. 38. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the
 values given in Column II. [JEE 2009 P-II]
Let a = α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ,
Column I Column II

kˆ × ( kˆ × a ) = 0, then (A) Root (s) of the expression π
γ= 2sin θ + sin 2θ = 2
2 2 1.
6

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 119
(B) Points of discontinuity of π 40. Match Column I with Column II and select the correct
the function 2. answer using the code given below the lists:
4
 6x   3x  [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]
f ( x) =   cos   ,
π  π  Column I Column II
1/ 2
where [y] denotes the  −1 −1

(A)  12  cos(tan −1) + y sin(tan−1 y)  + y4 
1 5
 
1.
largest integer less than or
 y  cot(sin ) + tan(sin y)   2 3
equal to y.
takes value
(C) Volume of the π (B) If cos x + cos y + cos z = 0
3. 2. 2
parallelepiped with its 3
edges represented by the = sin x + sin y + sin z then

vectors iˆ + ˆj, iˆ + 2 ˆj and x− y

possible value of cos is
2
iˆ + ˆj + π kˆ
π  1
 (C) If cos  − x  cos 2 x 3.
(D) Angle between vectors a π 4  2
    4.
and b where a , b and c are 2 + sin x sin 2 x
unit vectors satisfying sec x = cos x sin 2 x sec x
   
a + b + 3c = 0 π 
+ cos  + x  cos 2x then
5. π 4 
a. A→ 2,4; B→ 1,3,4,5; C→ 5; D→ 3 possible value of sec x is
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 (D) If then possible value of x is 4. 1
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 a. A→ 4; B→ 3; C→ 2; D→ 1
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
39. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
values given in Column II. [JEE 2009 P- II] 41. Match the thermodynamic processes given under Column
Column I Column II I with the expression given under Column II:
(A) The number of solutions of the 1. 1 [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
equation xe sin x − cos x = 0 in Column I Column II
(A) In a triangle ∆XYZ , let a, b 1. 1
 π
the interval  0,  and c be the lengths of the
 2
sides opposite to the angles X,
(B) Value (s) of k for which the 2. 2
Y and Z, respectively. If
plane kx + 4 y + z = 0, 2( a 2 − b 2 ) = c 2 and
4 x + ky + 2 z = 0 and sin( X − Y )
λ= , then
2 x + 2 y + z = 0 intersect in a sin Z
straight line possible values of n for which
(C) Value (s) of k for which 3. 3 cos( nπλ ) = 0 is (are)
| x − 1| + | x − 2 | + | x + 1| + | x + 2 | = 4k (B) In a triangle ∆XYZ , let a, b 2. 2
has integer solution (s) and c be the lengths of the
(D) If y ' y + 1 and y(0) = 1 then 4. 4 sides opposite to the angles X,
value (s) of y (ln 2) Y and Z, respectively. If
5. 5 1 + cos 2 X − 2 cos 2 Y =
a. A→ 1; B→ 2,4; C→ 2,3,4,5; D→ 3 2 sin X sin Y, then possible
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 a
value(s) of is (are)
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 b
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1

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120 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
2
(C) In R , let 3iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + 3 ˆj and 3. 3 45. The maximum value of the expression
1
β iˆ + (1 − β ) ˆj be the position is [JEE 2010 P-I]
sin θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5cos2 θ
2

vectors of X,Y and Z with

respect of the origin O, 46. Consider a triangle ABC and let a, b and c denote the
respectively. If the distance of lengths of the sides opposite to vertices A, B and C
respectively. Suppose a = 6, b = 10 and the area of the
Z from the bisector of the
  triangle is 15 3. If ∠ACB is obtuse and if r denotes the
acute angle of OX with OY
radius of the incircle of the triangle, then r 2 is equal to
3
is , then possible value(s) [JEE 2010 P-II]
2
47. The positive integer value of n > 3 satisfying the equation
of | β | is (are)
1 1 1
(D) Suppose that F(α) denotes 4. 5 = + is [JEE 2011 P-I]
π  2π   3π 
sin   sin  sin  
the area of the region  n  n   n 
bounded by x = 0, x = 2,
48. The number of distinct solutions of the equation
y 2 = 4 x and y = |ax – 1| + |
5 2
ax – 2| + ax, where α ∈ {0,1}. cos 2x + cos4 x + sin 4 x + cos6 x + sin 6 x = 2 in the
4
Then the value (s) of interval [0, 2π ] is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
8
F (α) + 2, when α = 0
3 49. Let a, b, c be three non-zero real numbers such that the
and α = 1, is (are)  π π
equation 3a cos x + 2b sin x = c , x x ∈ − ,  , has two
5. 6  2 2
a. A→ 1,3,4; B→ 1; C→ 1,2; D→ 4,5 π
distinct real roots α and β with α + β = . Then, the
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 3
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 b
value of is ______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 a

Integer & Subjective ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

42. Let ABC and ABC be two non-congruent triangles with A
1. (a,b,c,d)
sides AB = 4, AC = AC = 2 2 and angle B = 30°. The
A /2
absolute value of the difference between the areas of these
E
triangles is [JEE 2009 P-II]
B C
D
43. The number of all possible values of θ , where 0 < θ < π ,
for which the system of equations ( y + z ) cos3θ F
We have ∆ABC = ∆ABD + ∆ACD
2cos3θ 2sin 3θ
= ( xyz )sin 3θ x sin 3θ = + ( xyz )sin 3θ 1 1 A 1 A
y z ⇒ be sin A = cAD sin + b × AD sin
2 2 2 2 2
= ( y + 2 z ) cos3θ + y sin 3θ have a solution ( x0 , y0 , z0 ) with
2bc A
y0 z0 ≠ 0, is [JEE 2010 P-I] ⇒ AD = cos
b+c 2
 π π A
44. The number of values of θ in the interval  − ,  such Angle AE = AD sec
2
 2 2
2bc
nπ =
that θ ≠ for n = 0, ±1, ± 2 and tanθ = cot 5θ as well as b+c
5
⇒ AE is HM of b and c
sin 2θ = cos 4θ is [JEE 2010 P-I]

@iitjeehelps
 Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 121
A bc A A bc A P
⇒ EF = ED + DF = 2 DE = 2 × AD tan = × cos × tan = sin
2 2 2 2
A 2 × 2bc A A 4bc A
= 2× tan = × cos × tan = sin 5/2 7/2
2 b+c 2 2 b+c 2
As AD ⊥ EF and DE = DF and AD is bisector
R Q
⇒ AEF is isosceles
8 8
2 sin x cos x 1
Hence a, b, c and d are correct answers. ∴ tan2 x = and + =
3 8 27 125
2. (a) 2 sin 2 θ − 5 sin θ + 2 > 0
⇒ (sin θ − 2)(2sin θ − 1) > 0 1
7. (c,d) Given solutions
sin(π / 4)
1
⇒ sin θ <  sin(θ + π / 4θ ) sin θ + π / 2 − (θ + π / 4)
2
 sin θ ⋅ sin(θ + π / 4) + sin(θ + π / 4) ⋅ sin(θ + π / 2) + ...
 π   5π  
⇒ θ ∈  0,  ∪  , 2π 
 6  6  sin(θ + 3π / 2) − (θ + 5π / 4) 
+
 π sin(θ + 3π / 2) ⋅ sin(θ + 5π / 4) 
3. (b) Given θ ∈  0,  , then tan θ < 1 and cot θ > 1
 4 ⇒ 2[cot θ − cot(θ + π / 4) + cot(θ + π / 4) − cot
Let tan θ = 1 − λ1 and cot θ = 1 + λ2 ,
(θ + π / 2) + ... + cot(θ + 5π / 4) − cot (θ + 3π / 2)] = 4 2
where λ1 and λ 2 are very small and positive.
⇒ tan θ + cot θ = 4 ⇒ tan θ = 2 ± 3
then, t1 = (1 − λ1 )1−λ1 , t2 = (1 − λ1 )1+λ2 ,
π 5π
⇒ θ or .
t3 = (1 + λ2 )1−λ1 and t4 = (1 + λ2 )1+λ2 12 12
Hence t4 > t3 > t1 > t2 8. (b) Using cosine rule for ∠C
3 ( x 2 + x + 1) 2 + ( x 2 − 1) 2 − (2 x + 1)2
4. (c) 2sin 2 θ − cos2θ = 0 =
2 2( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 − 1)
1
⇒ sin2 θ = 2x2 + 2x − 1
4 ⇒ 3=
x2 + x + 1
Also, 2cos θ = 3sin θ
2

⇒ ( 3 − 2) x 2 + ( 3 − 2) x + ( 3 + 1) = 0
1
⇒ sinθ = (2 − 3) ± 3
2 ⇒ x=
⇒ Two solutions in [0, 2π ] 2( 3 − 2)
⇒ x = − (2 + 3),1 + 3 ⇒ x = 1 + 3 as ( x > 0).
 B+C   B −C  2 A
5. (b, c) 2cos   cos  2  = 4sin 2 2sin P − 2sin P cos P
 2    9. (c) ⇒
 B −C  2sin P + 2sin P cos P
cos  
 B −C   2  =2 1 − cos P 3
cos   = 2sin( A / 2) ⇒ ⇒ =
 2  sin A / 2 1 + cos P 32
sin B + sin C 29 1 5 7 8 6
⇒ =2 cos P = ∆= × × ×
sin A 35 2 2 2 35
⇒ b + c = 2a (constant). 2
 3 
sin 4 x cos 4 x 1 ⇒ ∆= 6 ⇒  
6. (a, b) + =  4∆ 
2 3 5
6 10. (a,c,d) Conditions: − tan(θ ) > 0 ⇒ tan θ < 0
3sin 4 x + 2(1 − sin2 x) =
5 3
and −1 < sinθ < −
⇒ 25 sin 4 x − 20 sin 2 x + 4 = 0 2
2 3  3π 5π  1
⇒ sin2 x = and cos x =
2
∴ θ ∈  ,  ⇒ 0 < cosθ <
5 5  2 3  2

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122 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 2 1 
2
  13. (b) Exp. = tan A + 1
=
1
tan A −
 1  tan A − 1 tan A − tan 2 A tan A − 1  tan A 
Also, 2cosθ (1 − sin φ ) = sin θ 
2
 cos φ − 1
θ θ
 sin cos  tan 2 A + tan A + 1
 2 2 = = tan A + cot A + 1 = sec A. cosec A + 1
tan A
⇒ 2cos θ − 2cosθ sin φ = 2sin θ cos φ − 1
P
1 s−a
⇒ 1 + 2cos θ = 2sin(θ + φ ) ⇒ sin(θ + φ ) = + cosθ M
2 N

1 π 4π s−c
⇒ < sin(θ + φ ) < 1 ⇒ < φ < 14. (b,d)
2 2 3
S R
s −b L
2
11. (a, b) f cos θ = Let s − a = 2k − 2, s − b = 2k , s − c = 2k + 2, k ∈ 1, k > 1
2 − sec2 θ
Adding we get, s = 6 k
2 cos2 θ 1 + cos 2θ
f cosθ = = So, a = 4k + 2, b = 4k , c = 4k − 2
cos 2θ cos 2θ X
1
1 1 Now, cos P =
cos4θ = ; 2cos 4θ −1 =
2
3
3 3 z y
So, sides are 22, 20, 18
2
Or cos 2θ = ± 15. (d) sin x + 2 sin 2 x − sin 3 x = 3
3 Y Z
x sin x + 4sin x cos x − 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 3
2
1+ sin x[ −2 + 4 cos x + 4(1 − cos 2 x )] = 3
⇒
 
1
f  = 3 = 3+ 2
 3 2 2 sin x[2 − (4cos 2 x − 4 cos x + 1) + 1] = 3
3 sin x[3 − (2cos x − 1) 2 ] = 3
2 ⇒ sin x = 1 and 2cos x − 1 = 0
1−
1 3 1 3 = 3− 2 π π
⇒ f   = 1+ and f   = ⇒ x= and x =
 3 2 3 2 − 2 2 3
−
3 Which is not possible at same time. Hence, no solution
1 3 1 1
Or f   = 1− 16. (d) f k = (sin k x + cos k x) f 6 ( x) = (sin 6 x + cos6 x)
3 2 4 6
1 1 3 
12. (a) BD = p2 + q2 f 4 ( x) = (sin 4 x + cos 4 x) f 6 K = 1 − sin 2 2 x 
4 6 4 
D q C
α 1  sin 2 2 x 
θ f 4 ( x) = 1 = 
p 4 2 

π − (θ + α )
 1 sin 2 2 x   1 sin 2 2 x  1 1 1
α f 4 ( x) − f 6 ( x ) =  − − − = − =
A B 4 8  6 8  4 6 12
∠ ABD = ∠ BDC = α 17. (c) 0 ≤ x < 2π

⇒ ∠ DAB = π − (θ + α ) tan α =
p
∆ ABD
cos x + cos 2 x + cos3x + cos4 x = 0
q (cos x + cos 4 x) + (cos 2 x + cos3 x) = 0
AB BD BD 5x 3x 5x x
= = 2cos cos + 2cos cos = 0
sin θ sin(π − (θ + α )) sin(θ + α ) 2 2 2 2
BD sin θ BD 2 sin θ 5x  x 5x
∴ AB = = 2 cos  2cos x cos  = 0 cos = 0 or cos x = 0
sin(θ + α ) BD sin(θ + α ) 2  2 2
BD 2 sin θ ( p 2 + q 2 )sin θ x (2n + 1)π
= = or cos =0 x=
BD sin θ cos α + BD cosθ sin α q sin θ + p cosθ 2 5

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 123
π 4 x y z
or x = (2n + 1) or x = (2n + 1)π ⇒ = sin sin sin
2 35 2 2 2
 π 3π 7π 9π π 3π   X +Y  2 Z S ( S − z ) 9.2 3
x= , , , , , 
5 5 5 5 2 2 
(d) sin 2   = cos 2 = = =
 2  xy 5.6 5
Number of solution is 7
1 − t 
18. (c) 3 sec x + cosec x + 2(tan x − cot x ) = 0 20. (b) 5  − t  = 2(2t − 1) + 9 {Let cos2 x = t}
 t 
⇒ 3 sin x + cos x + 2(sin 2 x − cos 2 x ) = 0
⇒ 5(1 − t − t 2 ) = t (4t + 7) ⇒ 9t 2 + 12t − 5 = 0
⇒ 3 sin x + cos x − 2 cos 2 x = 0
⇒ 9t 2 + 15t − 3t − 5 = 0
 π
⇒ sin  x +  = cos 2 x ⇒ (3t − 1)(3t + 5) = 0
 3
1 5 1 1
π  ⇒ t= as t ≠ − cos 2 x = 2   − 1 = −
⇒ cos  − x  = cos 2 x 3 3 3 3
 3 
2
π   1 7
⇒ 2 x = 2nπ ±  − x  cos 4 x = 2  −  − 1 = − 0
 3   3 9
2nπ π π  π 1
⇒ x= + or x = 2nπ − 21. (c) 8cos x ⋅  cos2 − sin 2 x −  = 1
3 9 3  6 2
⇒ −100° − 60° + 20° + 140° = 0
3 1 
⇒ 8cos x  − − 1 + cos 2 x  = 1
S−x S− y S−z 4 2 
19. (a,c,d) 2S = x + y + z ⇒ = = =λ
4 3 2  −3 + 4cos 2 x 
⇒ 8cos x   = 1 ⇒ cos3x = 1
S − x = 4λ  4 
S − y = 3λ 1 π 5π 7π
⇒ cos3x = ⇒ 3x = , ,
2 3 3 3
S − z = 2λ
π 5π 7π 13
S = 9λ ⇒ x= , , ⇒ Sum =
9 9 9 9
Adding all we get S = 9λ, x = 5λ, y = 6λ, z = 7λ ⇒
13
k=
9
8π 2 8
π r2 = r = P
3 3
∆ = S ( S − x )( S − y )( S − z ) 10 3 10

∆ = 9λ. 4λ. 3λ. 2λ. = 6 6λ 2 22. (b, c, d)

30º
Q R
xyz 5λ .6λ .7 λ 35
R= = = λ
4∆ 4.6 6λ 2 4 6 (10 3)2 + 102 − PR 2
cos30º =
8 ∆2 216λ 4 24 2 8 2 8 2(10 3)(10)
r2 = = = = λ = λ =
3 S 2 81 λ 2 9 3 3 ⇒ PR = 10 ∠QPR = 30º Area of triangle
We get λ = 1 1
PQR = (10)(10 3)(sin 30º ) = 25 3
(a) ∆ = 6 5 2
35 35 ∆ 25 3
(b) R = λ= Also, r = = = 5 3(2 − 3) = 10 3 − 15
4 6 4 6 s 10 + 5 3
X Y Z abc (10)(10)(10 3)
(c) r = 4R sin sin sin R= = = 10
2 2 2 4∆ 4(25 3)
2 2 35 X Y Z Area of the circumcircle
⇒ = 4⋅ ⋅ sin sin sin
3 4 6 2 2 2 = π (10) 2 = 100π

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124 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π −π π ⇒ (2cos 2 2θ − 1) 2 = 0
23. (d) 0 < α + β < , and <α −β <
4 4 4 1 π
4 ⇒ cos 2 2θ = = cos 2
3 2 4
If cos cos(α + β ) = then tan(α + β ) =
5 3 π
⇒ 2θ = nπ ± ,n∈ I
5 5 4
and if sin(α − β ) = than tan(α − β ) =
13 12 nπ π
⇒ θ= ±
(Since α–β here in the first quadrant) 2 8
Now tan(2α ) = tan{(α + β ) + (α − β )} π π π π
⇒ θ= , − Sum of solutions
4 5 8 2 8 2
+
tan(α + β ) + tan(α − β ) 63 π π π π π
= = 3 12 = 28. (c) 2 sin cos ......cos sin =
1
1 − tan(α + β ) ⋅ tan(α − β ) 1 − ⋅
4 5 16 210 10
2 2 2
2 9
2 512
3 12
29. (a) A + B =120º
24. (c) a < b < c are in A.P. A
∠C = 2∠A (Given)
3 −1
⇒ sin C = sin 2A
⇒ sin C = 2sin A. cos A
sin C B C
⇒ = 2cos A 3 +1
sin A
A− B a −b C
c b2 + c2 − a2 tan = cot  
⇒ =2 2 a+b 2
a 2bc
put a = b – l, c = b + λ, λ > 0 3 +1− 3 +1 1 A− B
= cot(30º ) = ⋅ 3 =1 = 45º
b 2( 3) 3 2
λ=
5 30. (b) Given a + b = x and ab = y
b 4 b 6b If x2 – c2 = y ⇒ (a + b)2 – c2 = ab
⇒ a = b − = b, c = b − =
5 5 5 5
⇒ a2 + b2 – c2 = –ab
⇒ required ratio = 4 : 5 : 6
a2 + b2 − c2 1
⇒ =
25. (a) we have 3(sin θ − cos θ ) 4 + 6(sin θ + cos θ )2 + 4sin 6 θ 2 ab 2

= 3(1 − sin 2θ )2 + 6(1 + sin 2θ ) + 4sin 6 θ 1

⇒ cos C = −
2
= 3(1 − 2sin 2θ + sin 2 2θ ) + 6 + 6sin 2θ + 4sin 6 θ
2π
= 9 + 12sin 2 θ ⋅ cos 2 θ + 4(1 − cos 2 2θ )3 = 13 − 4 cos6 θ ⇒ ∠C =
3
26. (a) sin x – sin 2x + sin 3x = 0 c c
R= =
⇒ (sin x + sin 3x) – sin 2x = 0 2sin c 3
31. (d) f 4 ( x ) − f 6 ( x )
⇒ 2sin x. cos x – sin 2x = 0
⇒ sin 2x(2 cos x – 1) = 0 1 1
= (sin 4 x cos4 x) − (sin 6 x cos6 x)
1 4 6
⇒ sin 2x = 0 or cos x =
2 1 1  1 3  1
= 1 − sin 2 2 x  − 1 − sin 2 2 x  =
π 4 2  6 4  12
⇒ x = 0,
3  3 1
32. (a) y = 3cos θ + 5  sin θ − cos θ 
3  2 2
 π
27. (a) sin 2 2θ + cos 4 2θ = , θ ∈  0, 
4  2 5 3 1
sin θ + cos θ
3 2 2
⇒ 1 − cos 2 2θ + cos 4 2θ =
4 75 1
ymax = + = 49
⇒ 4 cos 4 2θ − 4 cos 2 2θ + 1 = 0 4 4

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 125
33. (b) A.M ≥ G.M n
k +1 k+2
sin 4 α + 4 cos 4 β + 1 + 1 ∑ sin  n + 2 π  sin  n + 2 π 
≥ (sin 4 α .4 cos4 β 1.1.)1/ 4 35. (a,c,d) f ( n) = k =0
4 n
 k +1 
sin α + 4cos β + 2 ≥ 4 2 sinα cosβ
4 2 ∑ 2 sin
k =0
2

n+2
π

given that sin 4 α + 4cos 4 β + 2 = 4 2 sin α cos β n

 π 2k + 2 
⇒ A.M. = G.M ⇒ sin4α =1 = 4 cos4β ∑  cos n + 2 − cos  n + 2  π 
k =0
=
1 1 n
⇒ sinα = 1, cos β = ± sin β = as β∈[0,π]  k +1 
2 2 ∑ 2sin
k =0
2

n+2
π
cos (α + β) – cos (α – β ) = –2 sin α sin β
 n+3  n +1 
=− 2 π
cos   π sin  π
 n + 2  n+2
(n + 1) cos −
34. (a,b,c) ( n + 2) sin
π
P = n+2
 n +1 
r ( n + 1) − cos π .sin  π
2 n+2
π
q=1 sin
r
n+2
S O
2 π  n+3
(n + 1) cos − cos  π
(n + 2) n+2
Q E R =
(n + 1) + 1
p= 3
 π   π 
p q 3 1 (n + 1) cos   + cos  
= = 2(1) ⇒ sin P = , sin Q =  ( n + 2 )  n+2  π 
sin P sin Q 2 2 = = cos  
n+2 n+2
⇒ ∠P = 60o or 120o and ∠Q = 30o or 150o
π π
(a) α = tan(cos −1 f (6)) = tan | cos −1 (cos ) |= tan
because ∠P + ∠Q must be less than 180o but not equal to 8 8
r π
90o ∠P = 120o and ∠Q = 30o and ∠R = 30o =2 π
2 tan
2α
sin R tan = 8 ⇒1= ⇒ α 2 + 2α − 1 = 0
⇒ r =1 4 2 π 1−α 2
1 − tan
8
1
Now length of median RS = 2 p 2 + 2q 2 − r 2 (a) correct
2
 π 
1 7 (b) lim f (n) = cos   = 1 (b) Incorrect
= 6 + 2 −1 = ⇒ option (a) is correct x →∞ n+2
2 2
π 3
2 pqr (c) f (4) = cos = correct
2∆ 1  1x1x 3  6 2
4 x(1)
Inradius = =   π
p + q + r p + q + r 2  1 + 1 + 3  (d) sin(7 cos −1 f (5)) = sin(7 cos −1 (cos )) = sin π = 0
7
3 2− 3  correct
  ⇒ option (c) is correct
2  1  (a),(c),(d) correct
1 pqr 36. (A) Solving the two equations of ray
⇒ x 3 xPE = (equal area of ∆ )
2 4(1) i.e., x + y = | a | and ax − y = 1
1x1x 3 2 1 | a | +1 | a | −1
⇒ PE = x = We get x = > 0 and y = >0
4 3 2 a +1 a +1
When a + 1 > 0;
1 1 
2 x  .1. 3 sin 30o  We get a > 1,
2(Area of ∆OQR) 3 2 =1
⇒ OE = =
QR 3 6 ∴ a0 = 1

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126 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 38. (a) (A) 2sin 2 θ + 4sin 2 θ cos2 θ = 2
(B) We have a = αiˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ
 sin 2 θ + 2 sin 2 θ (1 − sin 2 θ ) = 1
⇒ a ⋅ kˆ = γ
  1
Now; kˆ × (kˆ × aˆ ) = (kˆ ⋅ a)kˆ − (kˆ ⋅ kˆ)a = γ kˆ − (α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ) 3sin 2 θ − 2 sin 4 θ − 1 = 0 ⇒ sin θ = ± ±1
2

= α iˆ + β ˆj = 0 π π
⇒ θ= , .
⇒ α =β =0 4 2
As α + β + γ = 2 3x
(B) Let y =
⇒ γ =2 π
1 π 
≤ y ≤ ∀x ∈  , π 
1 0 1
4 ⇒
∫ (1 − y )dy + ∫ ( y − 1)dy = 2∫ (1 − y )dy =
2 2 2
(C) 2 6 
0 1 0
3
Now f(y) = [2 y]cos[ y ]
1 0 1

∫ 1 − x dx + ∫
−1
1 + x dx = 2 ∫ 1 − x dx Critical points are y
0 0 1 3
1 1
y = , y = 1, y = , y = 3
2 4 2 2
= 2 ∫ x dx = 2 ⋅ ⋅ x 3/ 2 =
3 3 π π π 
0 0
⇒ Points of discontinuity  , , , π  .
(D) sin A sin B sin C + cos A cos B ≤ sin A sin B + cos A cos B = cos( A − B ) 6 3 2 
⇒ cos( A − B ) ≥ 1 1 1 0
⇒ cos( A − B ) = 1
(C) 1 2 0 = π ⇒ volume of parallelepiped = π
1 1 π
⇒ sin C = 1
 
(D) | a + b |= 3
x2 + 2 x + 4
37. (a) (A) y = ⇒ 2 + 2 cos α = 3
x+2
⇒ 2 + 2 cos α = 3
⇒ x 2 + (2 − y ) x + 4 − 2 y = 0
π
⇒ y 2 + 4 y − 12 ≥ 0 y ≤ −6 or y ≥ 2 ⇒ α= .
3
Minimum value is 2.
(B) ( A + B) ( A − B) = ( A − B) ( A + B) 39. (a)
(A) f '( x ) > 0, ∀x ∈ (0, π / 2)
⇒ AB = BA as A is symmetric and B is skew symmetric
f (0) < 0and f (π / 2) > 0
⇒ ( AB )t = − AB
So one solution.
⇒ k = 1 and k = 3
(B) Let (a, b, c) is direction ratio of the intersected line, then
(C) a = log 3 log 3 2
ak + 4b + c = 0
⇒ 3− a = log 2 3 4a + kb + 2c = 0
− k + log32 a b c
Now 1 < 2 <2 = = 2
−k 8 − k 4 − 2k k − 16
⇒ 1 < 3.2 < 2
We must have
 3
⇒ log2   < k < log2 (3) 2(8 − k ) + 2(4 − 2 k ) + ( k 2 − 16) = 0
 2
k = 1 or k < 2 and k < 3. ⇒ k = 2,4.
⇒
(D) sin θ = cos φ (C) Let f ( x ) = | x + 2 | + | x + 1 | + | x − 1 | + | x − 2 |
⇒ k can take value 2, 3, 4, 5.
π  π
⇒ cos  − θ  = cos φ − θ = 2nπ ± φ dy
2  2 (D) ∫ y + 1 =∫ dx
1 π
θ ±φ −
 = −2 n ⇒ f ( x ) = 2e x − 1
π  2
⇒ f (ln 2) = 3
⇒ 0 and 2 are possible.

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Trigonometrical Ratios and Equations 127
−1 −1
cos(tan y ) + y sin(tan y ) 4R 2
40. (A) 4 R 2 (sin 2 X − sin 2 Y ) = sin 2 ( Z )
cot(sin −1 ) + tan(sin −1 y ) 2
1 y2 ⇒ 2(sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( X + Y ) = sin 2 ( Z )
+
1 + y2 1+ y2 1+ y2 ⇒ 2 ⋅ sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( Z ) = sin 2 ( Z )
= = = y 1− y4
1 − y2 y 1 sin( X − Y ) 1
+ ⇒ = =λ
y 1− y2 y 1 − y2 sin Z 2
 nπ 
 = 0 for n = odd integer.
2
1  cos(tan −1 y ) + y sin(tan −1 y )  ⇒ cos 
⇒  −1 −1  +y
4
 2 
y2  cot(sin y ) + tan(sin y )  (B) 1 + cos 2 X − 2 cos 2Y = 2 sin X sin Y
sin 2 X + sin X sin Y − 2sin 2 Y = 0
=
1 2
y2
( y (1 − y 4 ) ) + y 4 = 1 − y 4 + y 4 = 1 (sin X − sin Y )(sin X + 2sin Y ) = 0
(B) cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 ⇒ sin X = sin Y
sin x + cos y + − cos z . . .(i) sin X a
⇒ = = 1.
sin x + sin y = − sin z . . .(ii) sin Y b
(C) Here, distance of Z from bisector of
(1) 2 + (2) 2
y−x=0
1 + 1 + 2(cos x + cos y + sin x sin y ) = 1 Y (1, 3)

2 + 2cos( x − y ) = 1 2cos( x − y ) = −1 X ( 3,1)

Z ( β ,1 − β )
1 x− y 1
cos( x − y ) = − 2 cos 2   −1 = −
2  2  2
x + y =1
 x− y 1 2 x− y 1  x− y 1
 = cos   = cos  =
2cos  2   3
 2  2  2  4  2  2 OX and OY =
2
π  2 2
(C) cos  − x  cos 2 x + sin x sin 2 x sec x  1  1 9
 4  ⇒  β −  +  β −  = ⇒ β = 2, −1
 2  2 2
π  ⇒ | β | = 2,1
= cos x sin 2 x sec x + cos  + x  cos 2 x
4  (D) When α = 0
 π  π 
 cos  4 − x  − cos  4 + x   cos 2 x = (cos x sin 2 x − sin x sin 2 x ) sec x 2
Area = 6 − ∫ 2 x dx = 6 −
8 2
      0 3
2
sin x cos 2 x = (cos x − sin x)sin 2 x sec x When α = 1
2 1 2
Area = ∫ (3 − x − 2 x ) dx + ∫ ( x + 1 − 2 x ) dx
2 sin x cos 2 x = (cos x − sin x )2 sin x 0
1
1
2
x2 4 x2 4 8
1 1 π π = 3x − − x 3/ 2 + + x − x3 / 2 = 5 − 2.
= ⇒ x = sec x = sec = 2 2 3 2 3 3
2 cos x + sin x 4 4 0 1

a 2 + 16 − 8 3 a2 + 8
x 42. (4) cos β = ⇒ =
(D) cos(sin −1
1 − x ) cot α =
2
2× a× 4 2 8a
1 − x2 A
x 6 x x 6
tan −1 ( x 6 ) = φ sin φ = ⇒ =
6x +1
2
1− x 2
6 x2 + 1
5 1 5
6 x 2 + 1 = 6 − 6 x 2 12 x 2 = 5 x = = 30°
12 2 3 B C

41. (a) ⇒ a − 4 3a + 8 = 0
2

c2
⇒ a1 + a2 = 4 3, a1a2 = 8
(A) a2 − b2 = (given)
2 ⇒ | a1 − a2 |= 4

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128 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1 1 2∆ 2 × 15 3 3
⇒ | ∆1 − ∆ 2 |= × 4sin 30°× 4 = 4. 46. (3) ∆ = ab sin C ⇒ sin C = = =
2 2 ab 6 × 10 2
43. (3) ( y + z )cos3θ − ( xyz )sin 3θ = 0 . . .(i) ⇒ C = 120°
xyz sin 3θ = (2cos3θ ) z + (2sin 3θ ) y . . .(ii) ⇒ c= a 2 + b 2 − 2 ab cos C
∴ ( y + z ) cos 3θ = (2 cos 3θ ) z + (2sin 3θ ) y = ( y + 2 z ) cos 3θ + y sin 3θ y
= 6 2 + 10 2 − 2 × 6 × 10 × cos120 ° = 14
(cos 3θ − 2sin 3θ ) = z cos 3θ and y (sin θ − cos3θ ) =
∆ 225 × 3
0 ⇒ sin 3θ − cos 3θ = 0 ⇒ sin 3θ = cos 3θ ∴ r= ⇒ r =
2
= 3.
s  6 + 10 + 14 
∴ 3θ = nπ + π / 4  
 2 
44. (3) tanθ = cot 5θ 1 1 1  π 
= + Let = θ 
3π 
47. (7)
⇒ cos6θ = 0 4cos 2θ − 3cos2θ = 0
3 π 2π n 
sin sin sin
n n n
3
⇒ cos2θ = 0 or ± sin 2θ = cos 4θ 1 1 1
2 ⇒ = +
sin θ sin 2θ sin 3θ
⇒ 2sin 2 2θ + sin 2θ −1 = 0 2sin 2 2θ + 2sin 2θ − sin 2θ − 1 = 0
1 1 1 sin 3θ − sin θ
sin 2θ = −1 ⇒ = − =
sin 2θ sin θ sin 3θ sin θ .sin 3θ
1
Or sin2θ = cos2θ = 0 and sin 2θ = −1 sin θ .sin 3θ
2 ⇒ sin 3θ − sin θ =
sin 2θ
π π 3 1
⇒ 2θ = ⇒θ = − cos 2θ = ± ,sin 2θ = sin θ .sin 3θ
2 4 2 2 ⇒ 2cos 2θ .sin θ = sin θ ≠ 0
sin 2θ
π 5π π 5π
⇒ 2θ = , ⇒ θ = , θ 7θ
6 6 12 12 ⇒ sin 4θ = sin 3θ ⇒ 2sin cos =0
2 2
π π π
∴ θ =− , , 7θ 7θ π π
4 12 12 ⇒ cos =0 ⇒ = ⇒ θ=
2 2 2 7
1
45. (2)
3 5
2
4cos θ + 1 + sin 2θ 48. (8) cos 2 2 x + cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos 6 x + sin 6 x = 2
2 4
1 5
⇒ ⇒ cos 2 2 x − 5cos2 x sin 2 x = 0
3 4
2[1 + cos 2θ ] + 1 + sin 2θ
2 ⇒ tan 2 2 x = 1, where 2 x ∈ [0, 4π ]
1 11 Number of solutions = 8
Lie between to
2 2
∴ maximum value is 2. x  1 − t 2  2b ⋅ 2t
49. (0.5) Let tan =t 3a  +
2 
=c
1+ t  1+ t
2
Minimum value of 2
4(1 + cos2θ ) 3
1 + 4cos2 θ + 3sin θ cosθ 1 + + sin 2θ ⇒ t 2 (c + 3a) + t (−4b) + (c − 3a ) = 0
2 2
3 3 α β 4b
= 1 + 2 + 2cos2θ + sin 2θ = 3 + 2cos2θ + sin 2θ tan + tan =
2 2 2 2 c + 3a
9 5 1 α β c − 3a α β π
∴ = 3− 4 + = 3− = . tan + tan = + =
4 2 2 2 2 c + 3a 2 2 6
1 1 4b b
So maximum value of is 2. ⇒ ⇒ = 0.5
3 =
4cos θ + 1 + sin 2θ
2
3 c + 3a − ( c − 3a ) a
2

  

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions 129

11 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

QUICK LOOK Conversions of inverse circular functions
sin −1 x = cos −1 1 − x 2
Inverse Circular Functions and Their Domains
sin −1 x is an angle whose sine is equal to x, i.e., sin −1 x = α if x 1 − x2
= tan −1 = cot −1 x
1
sin α = x. −1
sin x is an inverse circular function. Similarly, 1 − x2 x

other inverse circular functions are cos −1 x, tan −1 x , sec −1 x, 1 1

cos ec–1−1
==cosec = sec −1
cosec−1 x and cot −1 x.
x 1 − x2
1 − x2
−1 −1

sin x and cos x are defined x ≤ 1, i.e., − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1. 1− x 2
Figure: 11. 4
cos −1 x = sin −1 1 − x 2 = tan −1

−1 −1
tan x and cot x are defined for all x ∈ R. x

sec −1 x and cosec−1 x are defined for x ≥ 1. x 1 1

= cot −1 −1
cos ec–1
= cosec = sec−1
1− x 2
1− x 2 x

Principal Value: We know that sin θ = sin α ⇒
θ = nπ + (−1) n α , n ∈ Z . sin −1 x will have infinite number of
x
values for a fixed value of x. tan −1 x = sin −1

Intervals for Principal Values: The principal values of 1 + x2 1 + x2
x
different inverse circular functions may belong to the 1 1
= cos −1 = cot −1
intervals as shown below: 1+ x 2 x
 π
−1  π 
range of pr. value of sin x = 0,  , x ≥ 0  − , 0  , x < 0 1 + x2 1
 2   2  ec –11
= cosec = sec−1 1 + x 2 Figure: 11. 5
x
Y

when x > 0 Identities

Taking principal value only, we have the following useful
O X identities.
when x < 0

sin −1 (sin θ ) = θ
Figure: 11.1
sin(sin −1 x) = x
range of pr. value of cos −1 x = 0, π  , x ≥ 0  π , π  , x < 0
cos −1 (cos θ ) = θ
  
 2 2 
Y
cos(cos −1 x) = x

when x < 0 when x > 0
tan −1 (tan θ ) = θ

tan(tan −1 x) = x
O X
π

sin −1 x + cos −1 x =
Figure: 11.2 2
 π  π  π
range of pr. value of tan −1 x = 0,  , x ≥ 0  − , 0  , x < 0
sec −1 x + cosec −1 x =
 2  2  2
Y π −π

tan −1 x + cot −1 x = if x > 0 and if x < 0
2 2
when x > 0
x+ y

tan −1 x + tan −1 y = tan −1 if x > 0, y > 0, xy < 1
O X 1 − xy
when x < 0
x+ y
π + tan −1 if x > 0, y > 0, xy > 1
Figure: 11.3 1 − xy

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130 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
x− y 6 4

tan −1 x − tan −1 y = tan −1 4. If α = 3 sin −1   and β = 3 cos −1   , where the inverse
1 + xy  
11 9

sin −1 x + sin −1 y = sin −1 ( x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x 2 ) if trigonometric functions take only the principal values,
then the correct option(s) is (are) [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 a. cos β > 0 b. sin β < 0

π − sin −1 ( x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x 2 ) if x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x 2 + y 2 > 1 c. cos(α + β ) > 0 d. cos α < 0

−1
sin x − sin −1 −1
y = sin ( x 1 − y − y 1 − x )
2 2
 1 + sin x   π
Consider f ( x) = tan −1  , x ∈  0,  . A
 1 − sin x 
5. normal

−1
cos x + cos −1 −1
y = cos ( xy − 1 − x 2
1− y ) 2    2
π

cos −1 x − cos −1 y = cos −1 ( xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2 ) to y = f ( x ) at x = also passes through the point:
6
If x ≤ 1 then [JEE Main 2016]
2x 1− x 2
2x  2π 
2 tan −1 x = sin −1 = cos −1 = tan −1 a. (0, 0) b.  0, 
1+ x 2
1+ x 2
1 − x2  3 
1 π  π 
If x > 1, change x into in the above. c.  , 0  d.  , 0 
x 6  4 

Note 6. For any positive integer n, define f n : (0, ∞ ) → ℝ as

In case of identities in inverse circular functions, principal  1 
values are to be taken. As such signs of x, y etc. will determine f n ( x ) = ∑ nj =1 tan −1   for all x ∈ (0, ∞ )
 1 + ( x + j )( x + j − 1) 
the quadrant in which the angles will fall. In order to bring the
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function tan–1x assumes
angles of both sides in the same quadrant, adjustment by p is to
be made.  π π
values in  − ,  . ) [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
 2 2
Multiple Choice Questions
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE?
One and More than One Correct a. ∑ 5
j =1 tan 2 ( f j (0)) = 55
If 0 < x < 1, then b. ∑
1/ 2
1. 1 + x 2 { x cos(cot −1 x ) + sin(cot −1 x )}2 − 1 10
j =1 (1 + f ' j (0))sec 2 ( f j (0)) = 10
is equal to [JEE 2008 P-I] 1
c. For any fixed positive integer n, lim tan( f n ( x )) =
x x→∞ n
a. b. x c. x 1 + x 2 d. 1 + x2
1 + x2 d. For any fixed positive integer n, lim sec ( f n ( x )) = 1
2
x →∞

−1  3  −1  1  π
 23  n
 7. If α = cos   , β = tan   , where 0 < α , β < , α − β
2. The value of cot  ∑ cot −1  1 + ∑ 2k   is 5  3 2
 n =1  k =1  
is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
[JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
 9  −1  9 
23 25 a. sin −1   b. tan  
a. b.  5 10   14 
25 23
 9   9 
23 24 c. cos −1   d. tan −1  
c. d.  5 10   5 10 
24 23
−1  2  −1  3  π 3
Let tan −1 y = tan −1 x + tan −1 
2x  1 8. If cos   + cos   =  x >  then x is equal to:
3. 2 
, where | x |< .  
3 x   2
4 x 4
 1− x  3
Then a value of y is [JEE Main 2015] [JEE Main 2019]
145 145
3 x − x3 3x + x3 a. b.
a. b. 12 10
1 − 3x 2 1 − 3x 2
3 x − x3 3x + x3 146 145
c. d. c. d.
1 + 3x 2 1 + 3x 2 12 11

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions 131
9. If x = sin–1(sin 10) and y = cos–1(cos 10), then y – x is equal to: perpendicular distance of
[JEE Main 2019] this line form the origin is
a. π b. 7π (D) Data could not be retrieved. 4. 2 / 3
c. 0 d. 10 a. A→ 2; B→ 4; C→ 3; D→ 1
 19  n  b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
10. The value of cot  ∑ cot −1  1 + ∑ 2 p   is
 n =1  c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
  p =1  
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
[JEE Main 2019]
π
22 23 14. Let ( x , y ) be such that sin −1 (ax) + cos−1 ( y) + cos−1 (bxy) =
a. b. 2
23 22 Match the statements in Column I with the statements in
21 19 Column II [JEE 2007 P-II]
c. d.
19 21 Column I Column II
11. All x satisfying the inequality (cot–1 x)2 – 7 (cot–1 x) + 10 > 0, (A) If a = 1 and b = 0, 1. lies on the circle
lie in the interval: [JEE Main 2019] then ( x , y ) x2 + y 2 = 0
a. (–∞, cot 5)∪ (cot 4, cot 2)
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, 2. lies on
b. (cot 5, cot 4)
then ( x , y ) ( x2 −1)( y2 −1) = 0
c. (cot 2, ∞)
d. (–∞, cot 5) ∪ (cot 2, ∞) (C) If a = 1 and b = 2, 3. lies on y = x
then ( x , y )
12. Considering only the principal values of inverse functions,
 π (D) If a = 2 and b = 2, 4. lies on
the set A =  x ≥ 0 : tan −1 (2 x) + tan −1 (3x) = 
 4 then ( x , y ) (4x2 −1)( y2 −1) = 0
[JEE Main 2019] a. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
a. is an empty set b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
b. Contains more than two elements c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
c. Contains two elements d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
d. is a singleton
15. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II.
Matrix Match / Column Match [JEE 2010 P-II]
Column I Column II
13. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II:
(A) A line from the origin 1. –1
[JEE 2006]
meets the lines
Column I Column II
∞
 1  1. 0 x − 2 y −1 z +1
(A) ∑ tan −1  2  = t , then = = and
i =1  2i  1 −2 1
tan t = x−
8
(B) Sides a, b, c, of a triangle 2. 1 3 = y + 3 = z − 1 at P
ABC are AP 2 −1 1
a b and Q respectively. If
cos θ1 = , cos θ 2 = ,
b+c a+c length PQ = d,
c 2
cos θ 3 = then then d is
a+b
(B) The values of x satisfying 2. 0
θ  θ 
tan 2  1  + tan 2  3  = −1
2 2 tan ( x + 3)
(C) A line is perpendicular to 5 − tan −1 ( x − 3) = sin−1
x + 2 y + 2 z = 0 and passes 3.
3  3  are
 
through (0, 1, 0). The 5

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132 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
  17. Match the following: [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
(C) Non-zero vectors a, b and 3. 4
   Column I Column II
c satisfy a ⋅ b = 0, (A) Let y ( x ) = cos(3cos −1 x ), 1. 1
   
(b − a ) ⋅ (b + c ) = 0 and
3
    x ∈[−1,1], x ≠ ± . Then
2 | b − c | = | b − a | . If 2
  
a = µb + 4c , then the 1  2
( x − 1)
possible values of µ are y ( x) 

(D) Let f be the function on 4. 5 d 2 y ( x) dy ( x) 

+x  equals
[−π ,π ] given by f (0) = 9 dx 
2
dx
and f ( x ) = (B) Let A1 , A2 ,... , An ( n > 2) be 2. 2
the verticals of a regular
 9x  x
sin   sin   for polygon of n sides with its
 2  2 
centre at the origin. Let ak
x ≠ 0. The value of
π be the position vector of the
2
π ∫
−π
f ( x) dx is point Ak , k = 1,2,...n. If
n −1 n −1
   
5. 6 ∑ (a
k =1
k × ak +1 ) = ∑ (a
k =1
k ⋅×ak +1 )
a. A→ 5; B→ 1,3; C→ 2,4; D→ 3
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 then the minimum value of
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 n is
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 (C) If the normal from the point 3. 8
P ( h,1) on the ellipse
16. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct answer
using the code given below the lists: [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II] x2 y 2
+ = 1 is perpendicular
Column I Column II 6 3
1/ 2 to the line x + y = 8, then the
(A)  1  cos(tan ) + y sin(tan y)  + y4 
−1 −1
1 5
 y2 cot(sin−1) + tan(sin−1 y)  1. value of h is
    2 3
takes value (D) Number of positive solutions 4. 9
(B) If cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 satisfying the equation
2. 2
= sin x + sin y + sin z  1  −1  1 
then tan −1   + tan  
 2 x + 1   +1
4 x
x− y
possible value of cos  2
2 = tan −1  2  is
x 
is
a. A→ 4; B→ 3; C→ 2; D→ 1
π  1
(C) If cos  − x  cos 2 x 3. b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
4  2
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
+ sin x sin 2 x
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
sec x = cos x sin 2 x sec x
π   x 
+ cos  + x  cos 2 x then 18. Let E1 =  x ∈ ℝ : x ≠ 1and > 0  and
 x −1 
4 
possible value of sec x is    x  
E2 =  x ∈ E1 : sin −1  loge    is a real number .
(D) If then possible value of x is 4. 1
   x −1   
a. A→ 4; B→ 3; C→ 2; D→ 1
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function sin −1 x assumes
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4  π π 
value in  − ,   . [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1  2 2

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions 133
Let f : E1 → ℝ be the function defined by 1 10
  7π k π   7π π  
 x 
21. sec −1  ∑  sec 
 k =0 
4  12
+
2
 sec 
  12
+ ( k + 1)    will
2   
f ( x ) = log e  
 x −1  be: [JEE Adv. 2019 P.II]
And g : E2 → ℝ be the function defined by
  x  ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
g ( x ) = sin −1  log e   .
  x −1   1/ 2
1. (c) 1 + x 2  ( x cos cot −1 x + sin cot −1 x ) 2 − 1
Column I Column II
1/ 2
(A) The range of f is  1   e   x 1 
2

1.  −∞,  ∪ , ∞ = 1 + x  x cos cos −1
2
+ sin sin −1  − 1
 1− e   e −1   1 + x2 
1 + x2  
 
(B) The range of g contains 2. (0, 1) 1/ 2
 x 2 1 
2

(C) The domain of f con-  1 1 = 1 + x 2  +  − 1
3.  − ,   1 + x 
tains  2 2 
2
1 + x2  
(D) The domain of g is 4. ( −∞ , 0) ∪ (0, ∞ ) = 1 + x2 ( x2 + 1 − 1)1/ 2 = x 1 + x 2 .
 1 
5.  −∞ ,
 e − 1  2.
 23 
(c) cot  ∑ cot −1 ( n 2 + n + 1) 
 n =1 
1 e 
6. ( −∞ , 0) ∪  ,   23  n +1− n  
 2 e − 1 cot  ∑ tan −1  
The correct option is:  n =1  1 + n(n + 1)  
 23 
a. A → 4; B → 2;C → 1; D → 1 ⇒ cot  tan −1   25
 = .
  325   23
b. A → 3;B → 3;C → 6;D → 5
c. A → 4;B → 2;C → 1;D → 6  2x 
−1
 x + 1 − x2
−1

d. A → 4;B → 3;C → 6;D → 5 3. (a) tan ( y ) = tan  
 1 − x.2 x2 
 1− x 
Integer & Subjective  3x − x3 
⇒ tan −1 ( y) = tan −1  2 
19. Two parallel chords of a circle of radius 2 are at a distance  1 − 3x 
3 + 1 apart. If the chords subtend at the centre, angles of 3x − x3
⇒ y=
π 2π 1 − 3x 2
and , where k > 0, then the value of [k] is [Note: [k]
k k π 3π
4. (b,c,d) <α <π,π < β <
denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k]. 2 2
[JEE 2010 P-II] 3π 5π
⇒ <α + β <
20. The number of real solutions of the equation 2 2
⇒ sin β < 0; cos α < 0
 ∞ ∞
x  π
i
 ∞  x i ∞ 
sin −1  ∑ xi +1 − x∑    = − cos−1  ∑  −  − ∑ (− x)i  ⇒ cos(α + β ) > 0.
 i =1 i =1  2 
  i =1  2  i =1 
  2  
π
 1 1 5. (b) at x =
Lying in the interval  − ,  is ______. 6
 2 2  x x 
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin −1 x and π  cos 2 + sin 2
−1

⇒ y= f ( x) = tan  
 π π 3  cos x − sin x 
cos−1 x assume values in  − 2 , 2  and [0, π ],  2 2 
 
 π
respectively.) [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I] ∵ x ∈  0, 
 2

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134 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
  π x  81
+ 4 = 9x2
tan −1  tan  +  
  4 2  16
xπ 145 145
f ( x) = + x2 = ⇒x
4 2 16 × 9 12
Slope of normal = – 2
9. (a)
Equation of normal
π  π
− = −2  x −  π 2π 3π 10
3  6
2π
y = −2 x + x = sin–1(sin10) =3π–10
3
 n 
6. (d) f n ( x ) = tan −1 ( n + x ) − tan −1 ( x ) = tan −1  
 1 + (n + x) x 
1 1
f 'n ( x ) = − π 2π 3π 10
1 + (n + x) 2
1 + x2
(a) x = 0 is not in domain y = cos–1(cos10),
(b) x = 0 is not in domain =4π –10 y – x = π
n
(c) lim d tan( f n ( x )) = lim =0  19 
x →∞ x →∞ 1 + (n + x) x 10. (c) cot  ∑ cot −1 (1 + n ( n + 1))
 n =1 
(d) lim (1 + tan 2 ( f n ( x )) = 1 + 0 = 1
x→∞  19 
cot  ∑ cot −1 ( n 2 + n + 1) 
3 1  n =1 
7. (a) cos = ,tan β =
5 3  19 1 
4 = cot  ∑ tan −1 
⇒ tan α =  n =1 1 + n ( n + 1) 
3 19

4 1
−
∑ (tan
n =1
−1
(n + 1) − tan −1 n)
9
⇒ tan(α − β ) = 3 3 =
4 1 13 cot A cos β + 1
1+ ⋅ cot(tan −1 20 − tan −1 1) =
3 3 cot β − cot A
9 (Where tan A = 20, tan B = 1)
⇒ sin(α − β ) =
5 10  1 
1  + 1
 9   20  =
21
⇒ α − β = sin −1   1
 5 10  1− 19
20

−1  2  −1  3  π 3 11. (d) cot–1x > 5, cot–1x < 2

8. (a) cos   + cos   =  x > 
 3x   4x  2  4 ⇒ x < cot5, x > cot2
 3  π  2
cos −1   = − cos −1   12. (d) tan −1 (2 x ) + tan − 3(3 x ) = π / 4
 
4 x 2  3x 
5x
 3   2 ⇒ =1
cos −1   = sin −1   1 − 6 x2
 4x   3x 
⇒ 6 x 2 + 5x − 1 = 0
  3   2 
cos  cos −1    = cos  sin −1  1
  
4 x  3 x ⇒ x = −1 or x =
6
3 9x2 − 4
= x=
1
∵x > 0
4x 3x 6

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions 135
π
∞
 1  sin −1 x + cos −1 y + cos −1 xy =
13. (A) ∑ tan
i =1
−1
 2i 2  = t
−1 −1 −1
2
⇒ cos x − cos y = cos xy
∞
 2  ∞
Now ∑ tan  2 −1
 = ∑ [tan −1 (2i + 1) − tan −1 (2i − 1)] ⇒ xy + 1 − x 2 1 − y 2 = xy (taking sine on both the sides)
i =1  4i − 1 + 1  i =1
= [(tan −1 3 − tan −1 ) + (tan −1 5 − tan −1 3) + ... + tan −1 (2 n + 1) − tan −1 (2 n − 1)... ∞ ] (C) If a = 1, b = 2 then

t = tan −1 (2n + 1) − tan −1 1 = lim tan −1

2n π
sin −1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1 (2 xy) =
n →∞ 1 + (2n + 1) 2
n π ⇒
−1 −1
sin x + cos y = sin (2xy) −1
⇒ tan t = lim ⇒ t=
n →∞ n + 1 4
(B) We have ⇒ xy + 1 − x 2 1 − y 2 = 2 xy
θ1 ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1 (on squaring)
1 − tan 2
cos θ1 = 2 = a (D) If a = 2, b = 2 then
b+c θ1
1 + tan 2

2 π
sin −1 (2 x) + cos−1 ( y) + cos−1 (2 xy) =
θ b+c−a 2
⇒ tan 2 1 =
2 b+c+a ⇒ 2 xy + 1 − 4 x 2
1 − y = 2 xy
2

θ3
1 − tan 2
⇒ (4x2 −1)( y2 −1) = 0
2 = c
Also, cosθ 3 =
θ3 a+b x y z
1 + tan 2 15. (A) Let the line be = = intersects the lines
2 a b c
θ3 a +b−c ⇒ S.D = 0 ⇒ a + 3b + 5c = 0 and
⇒ tan 2 =
2 a +b+c 3a + b − 5c = 0
θ1 θ 2b 2 ⇒ a : b : c :: 5r : −5r : 2 r
∴ tan 2 + tan 2 3 = =
2 2 3b 3 on solving with given lines we get points of intersection
(C) Line through (0, 1) and perpendicular to plane P ≡ (5, −5,2)
x + 2 y + 2 z = 0 is given by
and Q ≡  , − , 
10 10 8
x − 0 y −1 z −1
= = =r  3 3 3
1 2 2
⇒ PQ2 = d 2 = 6.
Let P ( r , 2r + 1, 2r ) be the foot of perpendicular on the
−1 −1 −1
straight line then (B) tan ( x + 3) − tan ( x − 3) = sin (3/5)
r × 1 + (2r + 1)2 + 2 × 2r = 0 ( x + 3) − ( x − 3) 3 6 3
⇒ tan −1 = tan −1 ⇒ 2 =
2 1 + ( x − 9)
2
4 x −8 4
⇒ r=−
9 ∴ x2 − 8 = 8 or x = ±4.
 2 5 4  
∴ Point is given by  − , , −  (C) As a = µb + 4c
 9 9 9   
∴ Required perpendicular distance ⇒ µ (| b |) = −4b ⋅ c and
2  
4 + 25 + 16 5 | b | = 4a ⋅ c and
= = units
81 3     
| b |2 + b ⋅ c − d ⋅ c = 0
(D) Data could not be retrieved.    
14. (a) (A) If a = 1, b = 0 then Again, 2 | b + c | = | b − a | as
  2
sin−1 x + cos−1 y = 0 Solving and eliminating b ⋅ c and eliminating | a |

⇒ sin−1 x = − cos−1 y we get (2µ 2 −10µ ) | b |2 = 0 ⇒ µ = 0 and 5.
x
⇒ x2 + y2 = 1. 2 sin 9( x / 2)
(D) I =
π ∫π sin( x / 2)
dx
(B) If a = 1, b = 1 then −

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136 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
2
x
sin 9( x / 2)  x− y 1
= × 2∫ dx cos 2  =
π 0 sin( x / 2)  2  4
x / 2 = θ ⇒ dx = 2dθ  x− y 1
cos  =
x = 0,θ = 0  2  2
x =π θ =π /2 π 
(C) cos  − x  cos 2 x + sin x sin 2 x sec x
π /2  4 
8 sin 9θ
I=
π ∫
0
sin θ
dθ π 
= cos x sin 2 x sec x + cos  + x  cos 2 x
π /2 4 
8 (sin 9θ − sin 7θ ) (sin 7θ − sin 5θ )
=
π ∫ sin θ
+
sin θ
 π  π 
cos  4 − x  − cos  4 + x   cos 2 x = (cos x sin 2 x − sin x sin 2 x)sec x
0
    
(sin 5θ − sin 3θ ) (sin 3θ − sin θ ) sin θ
+ + + dθ 2
sin x cos 2 x = (cos x − sin x)sin 2 x sec x
sin θ sin θ sin θ 2
π /2 π /2
16 8 2 sin x cos 2 x = (cos x − sin x )2 sin x
=
π ∫ (cos8θ + cos 6θ + cos 4θ + cos 2θ + 1)dθ +
π ∫ dθ
0 0
1 1 π
16  sin 8θ sin 6θ sin 4θ sin 2θ  8 = ⇒x=
= + + + + [θ ]π0 / 2 2 cos x + sin x 4
π  8 6 4 2  π
π
8 π  sec x = sec = 2
= 0+ × −0 = 4 4
π  2 
(D) cos(sin −1 1 − x 2 )
16. (a)
x
cos(tan −1 y ) + y sin(tan −1 y ) cot α =
(A) . 1 − x2
cot(sin −1 ) + tan(sin −1 y )
tan −1 ( x 6 ) = φ
1 y2
+
1 + y2 1+ y2 1+ y2 sin φ =
x 6
= = = y 1− y4
1 − y2 y 1 6 x2 + 1
+
y 1 − y2 y 1− y2 x x 6
⇒ =
2 1− x 2
6 x2 + 1
1  cos(tan −1 y ) + y sin(tan −1 y ) 
⇒   +y
4

y2  cot(sin −1
y ) + tan(sin −1
y ) 
6 x2 + 1 = 6 − 6 x2 12 x 2 = 5
5 1 5
=
1 2
y2
( y (1 − y 4 ) ) + y 4 = 1 − y 4 + y 4 = 1 x= =
12 2 3

(B) cos x + cos y + cos z = 0

17. (a) (A) y = cos(3cos −1 x )
sin x + cos y + − cos z . . .(i)
3sin(3cos −1 x )
sin x + sin y = − sin z . . .(ii) y′ =
1 − x2
(1) 2 + (2) 2
1 − x 2 y′ = 3sin(3cos−1 x)
1 + 1 + 2(cos x + cos y + sin x sin y ) = 1
−x −3
2 + 2 cos( x − y ) = 1 2 cos( x − y ) = −1 ⇒ y′ + 1 − x 2 y′′ = 3cos(3cos −1 x).
1− x 2
1 − x2
1 ⇒ − xy ′ + (1 − x 2 ) y ′′ = −9 y
cos( x − y ) = −
2
1 2
 x− y 1 ⇒ [( x − 1) y ′′ + xy ′]9.
 −1 = −
2
2 cos  y
 2  2
2π
 x− y 1 (B) ( ak × ak +1 ) = r 2 sin
=
2
2cos  n
 2  2

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions 137
2π For domain of g ( x );
ak ⋅ ak +1 = r 2 cos
n  x 
n −1 n −1 −1 ≤ log e   ≤1
   x −1 
⇒ ∑ ak × ak +1 =
k =1
∑a
k =1
k ⋅ ak +1
x
2π 2π and >0
⇒ r 2 (n − 1)sin = r 2 ( n − 1) cos x −1
n n 1 x
2π ⇒ ≤ ≤e
tan =1 e x −1
n
( e − 1) x − e
8 and ≥0
⇒ n= x −1
4k + 1
and x < 0 or x > 1
⇒ n = 8.
 1   e 
h 2 12 ⇒ x ∈  −∞ , −  ∪ ,∞
(C) + = 1, h = ±2 e − 1  e − 1 
6 3 
2x y For range of g ( x );
Tangent at (2, 1) is + = 1x + y = 3.
6 3  x 
−1 ≤ log e  <0
 1  1 2  x −1 
(D) tan −1   + tan
−1
= tan −1 2
 2 x + 1  4 x + 1 x
 x 
or 0 < log   ≤1
 3x + 1 
−1 −1 2  x −1 
tan  2  = tan 2
 4 x + 3 x  x
−π
≤ g ( x) < 0
⇒ 3x 2 − 7 x − 6 = 0 2
2
x = − ,3. π
3 or 0 < g ( x) ≤
2
18. (a) For domain of f ( x );  π   π
⇒ Range of g ( x ) =  − , 0  ∪  0, 
x  2   2
> 0 ⇒ x < 0 or x > 1
x −1 π π
 1   e  19. (2) 2cos + 2cos = 3 +1
D f : ( −∞ , 0) ∪ (1, ∞ ) ⊃  −∞ , 2k k
−  ∪  e −1 , ∞ 
 1 e    π π 3 +1
cos + cos =
For range of f ( x ); 2k k 2
x π θ 3 +1
Let y = loge Let = 0, cos θ + cos =
x −1 k 2 2

e y θ θ 3 +1
⇒ x= ⇒ 2 cos 2 − 1 + cos =
e −1 y 2 2 2

Now x < 0 or x > 1 θ 3+3

cos = t 2t 2 + t − =0
2 2
ey
⇒ <0 −1 ± 1 + 4(3 + 3)
ey −1 t=
4
ey
Or ⇒ >1 −1 ± (2 3 + 1) −2 − 2 3 3
e −1
y
= = ,
4 4 2
⇒ 0 < ey < 1
θ 3
1 ∵ t ∈ [ − 1,1], cos =
Or ⇒ >0 2 2
e −1 y

θ π
−∞ < y < 0 =
2 6
Or ⇒ ey > 0
⇒ k = 3.
Range of f ( x) is ( −∞ , 0) ∪ (0, ∞ )

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138 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
∞ ∞
i
x ∞
i
 x ∞ 21. (0) Evaluate
20. (2) ∑x i +1
− x ∑   = ∑  −  − ∑ ( − x )i
 1 10  7π kπ   7π π 
i =1  2  i =1 
∑
2  i =1
i =1
sec−1  sec  +  sec  + (k + 1)  
−x  4 k = 0  12 12   12 2  
2 − (− x) ⇒ x = 0
2
x  x  Given exp
⇒ − x =
1− x  2 − x  1+ x 1+ x  1 10  7π k π   7π kπ  
2 = sec−1  − ∑
 4 k = 0
sec  +  cosec 
 12 2 
+ 
 12 2  
−x x −1 1 
or + = +
x −1 x−2 x+2 x +1  
 1 10 
∑
⇒ x ( x + 2)( x + 1) = ( x − 1)( x − 2) 2
= sec −1  − 
 4 k = 0 sin  7π + kπ  
⇒ x3 + 2 x 2 + 5 x − 2 = 0   
  6 
For f '( x ), D < 0 hence only one real root.
 
1
−1  
10
Now f (0) < 0, f   > 0
∑
1 1
2 = sec  − 
 2 k =0 ( −1) k +1 sin π 
 1  1  6
One root in  0,  One root in  0, 
 2  2  10 1 
Hence, total two roots.
= sec −1  −
 ∑
 k =0 ( − 1)
 = sec −1 (1) = 0
k +1 


  

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Heights and Distances 139

12 Heights and Distances

QUICK LOOK NNE means 22 1° north of NE
2
Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression: A and B are two W N
positions, A being higher than B. AP and BQ are horizontal P
lines through A and B respectively. Then the angle of elevation α
O
of A as seen from B = ∠ABQ and the angle of depression of B Q
β
as seen from A = ∠PAB(= ∠ABQ). S E

A P Figure: 12.4

Sine Rule: In the application of sine rule, the following point

be noted. We are given one side a and some other side x is to be
Q B
found. Both these are in different triangles. We choose a
Figure: 12.1 common side y of these triangles. Then apply sine rule for a and
y in one triangle and for x and y for the other triangle and
Vertical Line and Horizontal Plane: If AB is vertical and BC
eliminate y.
is a line on the horizontal plane then ∠ ABC = 90°. If l is any
Thus, we will get unknown side x in terms of a.
other line in the horizontal plane then AB ⊥ l. A
A
a θ
C
B β
B y γ D
l α x
Figure: 12.2 C
Figure: 12.5
If AB is perpendicular to the line BC and BD then AB is
perpendicular to any line in the plane of BC and BD. So, In the adjoining figure a is known side of ∆ ABC and x is
AB ⊥ CD also. unknown is side of triangle ACD. The common side of these
A triangle is AC = y (say). Now apply sine rule
a y
∴ = . . .(i)
sin α sin β
C
x y
B and = . . .(ii)
sin θ sin γ
D
x sin α sin β
Figure: 12.3 Dividing (ii) by (i) we get, = ;
a sin θ sin γ
Bearing of a Point: At every point O on the horizontal there
a sin β sin θ
are four perpendicular directions ON , OE, OS and OW called ∴ x=
sin α sin γ
north, east, south and west of O respectively. If OP falls in the
Table: 12.1 Some Important Results
angle NOE such that ∠POE = α then the point P is α north P a = h(cot α + cot β ) , where by
of east (or 90° − α east of north). If α = 45° then P is north- h h = a sin α .sin β .cosec(α + β ) and
east of O. If OQ falls in the angle SOW such that ∠SOQ = β α
Q
β d = h cot β = a sin α .cos β .cosec (α + β )
d
A a B
then the point Q is β west of south (or 90° − β south of west).
h sin( β − α )
a = h (cot α − cot β ) =
If β = 45° then Q is south-west of O. Some more descriptions sin α .sin β
h
of standard bearings are as follows. NE means 45° north of ∴h = a sin α sin β cosec ( β − α ) and
α β d = h cot β = a sin α .cos β .cosec( β − α )
east a d

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140 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
OP – Tower P d
A – South h= a. 3 :1 b. 3: 2
h cot 2 β + cot 2 α
β c. 1: 3 d. 2 : 3
B
O
α N
d 3. A man is walking towards a vertical pillar in a straight
W E
path, at a uniform speed. At a certain point A on the path,
A S
he observes that the angle of elevation of the top of the
pillar is 30°. After walking for 10 minutes from A in the
H sin( β − α ) h cot α
α h= or H =
H cos α sin β cot α − cot β same direction, at a point R, he observes that the angle of
h elevation of the top of the pillar is 60°. Then the time
β
taken (in minutes) by him, from B to reach the pillar, is:
P h = AP sin α [JEE Main 2016]
= a sin α .sin γ .cosec(β − γ ) and
h
a. 6 b. 10 c. 20 d. 5
if AQ = d , then
A α β
d = AP cosα = a cosα.sin γ . cosec (β − γ ) 4. Let a vertical tower AB have its end A on the level ground.
Q
a γ Let C be the mid-point of AB and P be a point on the
B
ground such that AP = 2AB. If ∠BPC = β , then is equal to
P AP = a sin γ .cosec(α − γ ),
Q [JEE Main 2017]
AQ = a sin δ .cosec( β − δ )
2 4 6 1
θ
and apply, PQ 2 = AP 2 + AQ 2 − 2 AP. a. b. c. d.
α β δ γ 9 9 7 4
A a B AQ cosθ
P 5. PQR is a triangular park with PQ = PR = 200 m. A T.V.
tower stands at the mid-point of QR. If the angles of
elevation of the top of the tower at P, Q and R are
O
h=
AB respectively 45°, 30° and 30°, then the height of the tower
α cot 2 β − cot 2 α
β (in m) is [JEE Main 2018]
B
A
a. 50 2 b. 100
A
α + β  c. 50 d. 100 3
AB = CD . Then, x = y tan  
y  2  6. Two vertical poles of heights, 20 m and 80 m stand a part
on a horizontal plane. The height (in meters) of the point
D
of intersection of the lines joining the top of each pole to
the foot of the other, from this horizontal plane is:
α β
C x B [JEE Main 2019]
a. 12 b. 15 c. 16 d. 18
Multiple Choice Questions 7. Consider a triangular plot ABC with sides AB = 7 m,
BC = 5 m and CA = 6 m. A vertical lamp-post at the mid-
One and More than One Correct
point D of AC subtends an angle 30° at B. The height
1. A bird is sitting on the top of a vertical pole 20 m high and is (in m) of the lamp-post is: [JEE Main 2019]
elevation from a point O on the ground is 45º. It flies off
2
horizontally straight away from the point O. After one a. 7 3 b. 21
3
second, the elevation of the bird from O is reduced to 30°.
3
Then the speed (in m/s) of the bird is: [JEE Main 2014] c. 21 d. 2 21
2
a. 40( 2 − 1) b. 40( 3 − 2) 8. If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point P which is
c. 20 2 d. 20( 3 − 1) 25 m above a lake be 30º and the angle of depression of
reflection of the cloud in the lake from P be 60º, then the
2. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from three height of the cloud (in meters) from the surface of the lake is:
collinear points A, B and C, on a line leading to the foot [JEE Main 2019]
of the lower, are 30°, 45° and 60° respectively, then the a. 42 b. 50
ratio, AB : BC is [JEE Main 2015] c. 45 d. 60

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Heights and Distances 141
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS 4. (a)
B
1. (d) Here, AP = QB == 20 m
m
∠POA = 45°,
C
∠QOB = 30°
β
⇒ OA = 20; α
A P
OB = 20 3 AB 1
=
⇒ OB − OA = 20( 3 − 1) AP 2
Hence distance covered in one second by the bird is Let ∠APC = α
AB = 20( 3 − 1) AC 1 AB  1 
⇒ tan α = =  AC = 2 AB 
Thus speed of bird = 20( 3 − 1) m/s AP 2 AP  
P tan α + tan β
2. (a) Now tan(α + β) =
1 − tan α tan β
 AB 
tan(α + β) =
tan α + tan β 1  AP 
h ⇒ =  
1 − tan α tan β 2  1 
tan(α + β) =
 2 
30° 45° 60°
A B C Q 2
On solving tan β =
h 1 9
=
AQ 3 5. (b)
⇒ AQ = 3h P

Similarly, BQ = h
h
CQ =
3 45°
T
AB AQ − BQ ( 3 − 1)h 3
∴ = = =
BC BQ − CQ  h  1
h −  Q 30° 30° R
 3 M
Let height of tower TM be h
3 (d)
∴ PM = h
h
x ln ∆TQM , tan 30° =
QM
QM = 3h
6 30
y B z A ln ∆PMQ,
x 1 PM 2 + QM 2 = PQ 2
tan 30° = =
y+z 3
h 2 + ( 3h) 2 = 200 2
⇒ 3x = y + z
⇒ 4h2 = 2002
x
⇒ tan 60° = = 3 ⇒ h = 100 m
y
⇒ x = 3y = y + z 6. (c)
or 3 y = y + z 80 m

⇒ 2y = z
20 m
for 2y distance time h
= 10 min.
x1 x2
so for y dist time = 5 min.

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142 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
by similar triangle Cloud
8. (b)
h 80
= . . .(i) 30º
x
x1 x1 + x2 P
25 m 60º y
25 m
h 20
by = . . .(ii)
x2 x1 + x2
surface
x
by (i) and (ii) 2 = 4 or x2 = 4 x1 y + 25 m
x1
h 80 x
= or h = 16 m tan 30º = ⇒ y = 3x . . .(i)
x1 5 x1 y
25 + x + 25
7. (b) B tan 60º =
30º y
h
7
5 ⇒ 3 y = 50 + x
A 3 D 3 C ⇒ 3x = 50 + x
⇒ x = 25 m
BD = h cot 30º = h 3
∴ Height of cloud from surface
After solving use this option
= 25 + 25
28 2 = 50 m
⇒ h= = 21
3 3

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
Limits, Continuity and 143

13 Differentiability
QUICK LOOK (ii) If x = a is the left-end point of the domain of definition then
x cannot tend to a from the left and so the question of getting
Differentiation: Once again, the term differentiation is f(a – 0) does not arise. In this case f(x) will be continuous at
frequently not understood properly. In simple terms, x = a if f ( a + 0) = f ( a ). Similarly, if x = a is the right-end
differentiation is the process by which you find the derivative point of the domain of definition then f(x) will be continuous at
of a function:
x = a provided f (a − 0) = f (a).
f ( x + h) − f ( x) f ( x − h) − f ( x)
f ' ( x ) = lim or f ' ( x ) = lim
h →0h h →0 −h Differentiability of a Function at a Point
Thus, for example, when we say something line ‘differentiate
Right-hand derivative of f ( x ) at x = a, denoted by
f ( x ) = x 2 to get 2x’, we are essentially talking about carrying f ( a + h) − f ( a )
f '( a + 0) or f '(a + ), is the lim .
h→ 0 h
out the process to find the derivative of f ( x) at any x-value,
which comes out to be 2x. The various rules we have made for
Left-hand derivative of f ( x) at x = a , denoted by
differentiation-from the simpler standard formulae of f (a + h) − f (a )
f '( a − 0) or f '( a −), is the lim
differentiation to the product, quotient and chain rule – all have h→ 0 −h
the same basis and meaning – finding the slope of the tangent
A function f ( x) is said to be differentiable (finitely) at
tot eh curve at any x-value. The derivative off obtained at any
x = a if f '(a + 0) = f '(a − 0) = finite, i.e.,
point x is dependent on the value of x, and so the derivative is
itself a function of x. f ( a + h) − f ( a ) f ( a − h) − f ( a )
lim = lim = finite and the
h→ 0 h h→ 0 −h
Existence of Limit common limit is called the derivative of f ( x) at x = a ,

lim f ( a + h) is the right-hand limit of f ( x) at x = a and it denoted by f '( a ).
h→0

is denoted by f ( a + 0) or f ( a + ) or lim f ( x ). f ( x) − f (a)

x→a +0 Clearly, f ′( a ) = lim , {x → a from the left as
x→a x−a
lim f (a − h) is the left-hand limit of f ( x ) at x = a and it is
h→ 0 well as from the right}.
denoted by f (a − 0) or f ( a −) or lim f ( x ).
x → a −0
Relation between Continuity and Differentiability

lim f ( x) exists if f (a + 0) = f (a − 0) and the value of
f(x) is differentiable (finitely) at x = a
x→ a
⇒ f(x) is continuous at x = a
lim f ( x) is equal to the common value of f ( a + 0) and
x→ a

f(x) is not continuous at x = a
f ( a − 0). ⇒ f(x) is not differentiable (finitely) at x = a.

Continuity of a Function at a Point Note

A function f(x) is a continuous at x = a if f(a+0) = f(a–0) = While examining the continuity and differentiability of a
f(a), function f(x) at a point x = a, if you start with the
i.e., lim f (a + h) = lim f (a − h) = f (a). differentiability and find that f(x) is differentiable then you can
h→ 0 h→ 0
conclude that the function is also continuous. But if you find
If any two of the above three are unequal then f(x) is
f(x) is not differentiable at x = a, you will also have to check the
discontinuous at x = a.
continuity separately. Instead, if you start with continuity and
Note find that the function is not continuous then you can conclude
that the function is also non-differentiable. But if you find f(x)
(i) If lim f ( x) does not exist then f(x) cannot be continuous at
x→ a is continuous, you will also have to check the differentiability
x = a. separately.

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144 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Continuity and Differentiability of Some Standard Functions value f(x) will obtain all the values lying between min f(x)

Polynomial functions (i.e., a0xn + a1xn–1+…+an), sin x, cos x and max f(x) and max f(x) for points in [a, b] the range of
and ex are continuous and differentiable at all points of the f(x) = [min f(x), max f(x)] when the domain of f(x) = [a, b].
set R of real numbers.

log e x is continuous and differentiable at all points of Rough Sketch of a Function in an Interval

If a function f(x) is continuous at x = a, the graph of f(x) at
(0, +∞ ).
the corresponding point {a, f(a)} will not be broken. But if

tan x and sec x are continuous and differentiable at all
f(x) is discontinuous at x = a, the graph will be broken at the
 π 3π 5π  corresponding point.
points of R −  , , ,..... .
2 2 2  Y Y

cot x and cosec x are continuous and differentiable at all
points of R − {0, π , 2π , 3π ,.....}.

| x − a | is continuous everywhere and differentiable at all
O a X O a X
points except at x = a.
(When continuous at x = a) (When discontinuous at x = a)

[x] is continuous and differentiable everywhere except at
Figure: 13.1 Figure: 13.2
x = an integer.

If a function f ( x) is differentiable at x = a , the graph of
Algebraic Property of Continuity and Differentiability

If f(x) and f(x) are both continuous (or differentiable) at f ( x) will be such that there is only one tangent to the graph
x = a then f ( x) ± φ ( x) and f ( x) × φ ( x) are continuous (or at the corresponding point. But if f ( x ) is nondifferentiable
differentiable) at x = a. at x = a, there will not be unique tangent at the

If f(x) is continuous (or differentiable) and φ (x) is corresponding point of the graph.
discontinuous (or non-differentiable) then f ( x) ± φ ( x) and Y Y

f ( x) × φ ( x) are discontinuous (or non-differentiable) at x = a.

Continuity and Differentiability in an Interval

O a X O a X

f(x) is continuous in an interval if it is continuous at each
(When differentiable at x=a) (When no differentiable at x = a )
point of the interval.
Figure: 13.3 Figure: 13.4

f(x) is differentiable in an interval if it is differentiable at
each point of the interval.
Method of drawing a rough sketch of a function in an interval:
(i) Take the different pieces of intervals of definition of the
Method of examining continuity and differentiability in an
function and draw graph in each of the intervals.
interval:
(ii) Examine the continuity and differentiability at each of the
(i) Detect all the pieces of the intervals of definition of the
function. turning points of definition.
(ii) Apply continuity and differentiability of standard functions
in each of the intervals. Let x = a be a turning point. Let f ( x) be defined in [b, a] and
(iii) Examine the continuity and differentiability at each turning (a, c]. If f ( x ) is continuous at a then the graphs for f ( x ) in
point of definition of the function.
[b, a] and (a, c] will be joined at x = a as in Figure 13.1. If

Some Properties of a Function Continuous Over a Closed f ( x) is discontinuous at x = a , draw the graph of f ( x) in
Interval [b, a] and the graph of f ( x ) in (a, c] with O at the beginning of

If f(x) is continuous in the closed interval [a, b] then the
the graph in (a, c] as in Figure 13.2. If f ( x) is continuous at
value of f(x) at all points in [a, b] will be lie between two
fixed real numbers. x = a but not differentiable at x = a then the graph of f ( x) at

In the interval [a, b], f(x) has a greatest value and a least x = a will be as shown in Figure 13.4.

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 145
Indeterminate Forms of Value Multiple Choice Questions

The indeterminate forms of values of a function at a point One and More than One Correct
0 ∞
are , , 0 × ∞, ∞ − ∞;1∞ , 0° , ∞ °
0 ∞ 1.
x→0
(
For x > 0, lim (sin x )1/ x + (1/ x )sin x is ) [JEE 2006]
a. 0 b. –1
Standard Limits
1 c. 1 d. 2

lim = 0
x →∞ x
2. If f ( x) = min {1, x 2 , x3}, then [JEE 2006]
1

lim =∞ a. f ( x ) is continuous ∀ x ∈ R
x →0 | x |

b. f ′( x) < 0, ∀x > 1

lim | x |n = 0, where n > 0
x →0
c. f ( x ) is not differentiable but continuous ∀ x ∈ R

lim x n = 0 if x < 1
n →∞
d. f ( x ) is not differentiable for two values of x

lim | x |n = ∞ if x > 1
n →∞
e x , 0 ≤ x ≤1
xn − an 

lim = na n −1 3. f ( x ) =  2 − e x −1 , 1 < x ≤ 2 and
x →a x−a x − e
 , 2< x≤3
sin x

lim = 1, where x is in radian measure x
x →0 x g ( x) = ∫ f (t ) dt , x ∈ [1, 3] then g ( x) has [JEE 2006]

lim cos x = 1 0
x →0

tan x a. local maximum at x = 1 + ln 2 and local minima at x = e

lim = 1, where x is in radian measure
x→0 x b. local maximum at x = 1 and local minima at x = 2
e −1
x
c. no local maxima

lim =1
x→0 x d. no local minima
ax −1 4. Let f ( x) be differentiable on the interval (0, ∞) such that

lim = log e a
x →0 x
t 2 f ( x) − x 2 f (t )
 a
x
f (1) = 1, and lim = 1 for each x > 0.

lim 1 +  = e a t →x t−x
x →∞
 x
Then f ( x) is [JEE 2007 P-I]
lim (1 + ax )
1/ x

= ea
x→0
1 2x2 1 4x2
a. + b. − +
Properties of Limits 3x 3 3x 3

lim { f ( x) ± φ ( x)} = lim f ( x) ± lim φ ( x) c. −
1 2
+ d.
1
x →a x →a x →a
x x2 x

lim { f ( x) × φ ( x)} = lim f ( x) × lim φ ( x)
x →a x →a x →a

lim f ( x) ( x − 1) n
f ( x) x →a 5. Let g ( x) = ;

lim = log cos m ( x − 1)
x → a φ ( x) lim φ ( x)
x→a
0 < x < 2, m and n are integers, m ≠ 0, n > 0, and let p
lim loge f ( x )

lim f ( x ) = e x→a be the left hand derivative of | x − 1| at x = 1. If
x →a

{ }
lim φ ( x )

lim{ f ( x)} φ ( x)
= lim f ( x) x →a
lim+ g ( x) = p, then [JEE 2008 P-I]
x→a x→a x →1

lim f {φ ( x)} = f ( lim φ ( x) ) if f ( x) is continuous a. n = 1, m = 1 b. n = 1, m = −1

x→a x →a
c. n = 2, m = 2 d. n > 2, m = n
L’Hospital’s Rule x
a − a2 − x2 −
f ( x) f ′( x) 4 , a > 0. If L is finite, then

If f (a) = 0 and φ (a) = 0 then lim = lim 6. Let L = lim
x →a φ ( x) x → a φ ′( x ) x →0 x4
f ( x) f ′( x ) [JEE 2009 P-I]
If lim f ( x) = ∞ and lim φ ( x ) = ∞, then lim = lim
x →a x →a x → a φ ( x) x → a φ ′( x ) 1 1
a. a = 2 b. a = 1 c. L = d. L =
64 32

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146 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
7. Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval  2 π
 x cos , x≠0
x
12. Let f ( x) =  x , xx∈∈ R
, , then f is
(0, ∞) by f ( x ) = In x + ∫
0
1 + sin tdt. Then which of the 0
 , x=0
following statement (s) is (are) true? [JEE 2010 P-I] [JEE 2012 P-I]
a. f ''(x) exists for all x ∈(0, ∞) a. differentiable both at x = 0 and at x = 2
b. f '(x) exists for all x ∈(0,∞) and f’ is continuous on (0,∞) b. differentiable at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 2
but not differentiable on (0, ∞) c. not differentiable at x = 0 but differentiable at x = 2
c. there exists α > 1 such that | f ’(x)| < | f (x)| for all d. differentiable neither at x = 0 nor at x = 2
x ∈ (α , ∞)  x2 + x + 1 
13. lim  − ax − b  = 4, then [JEE 2012 P-I]
d. there exists β > 0 such that | f ( x) | + | f '( x ) |≤ β for all x→∞
 x + 1 
x ∈ (0, ∞) a. a = 1, b = 4. b. a = 1, b = −4

8. Let f : R→R be a function such that f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), c. a = 2, b = −3 d. a = 2, b = 3

∀x, y ∈ R If f (x) is differentiable at x = 0, then
14. For every integer n, let an and bn be real numbers. Let
[JEE 2011 P-I]
a. f(x) is differentiable only in a finite interval containing function f : IR → IR be given by
zero  a + sin π x, for x ∈ [2n, 2n + 1]
f ( x) =  n ,
b. f(x)is continuous ∀x ∈ R bn + cos π x, for x ∈ (2n − 1, 2n)
c. f ' (x) is constant ∀x ∈ R for all integers n. If f is continuous, then which of the
d. f (x) is differentiable except at finitely many points following hold(s) for all n? [JEE 2012 P-II]
9. If lim[1 + x ln(1 + b 2 )]1/ x = 2b sin 2 θ , b > 0 and θ ∈ (−π , π ], a. an −1 − bn −1 = 0 b. an − bn = 1
x →0
c. an − bn +1 = 1 d. an −1 − bn = −1
then the value of θ is [JEE 2011 P-II]
π π (1 − cos 2 x) (3 + cos x )
a. ± b. ± 15. lim is equal to [JEE Main 2013]
4 3 x →0 x tan 4 x
π π 1 1
c. ± d. ± a. − b.
6 2 4 2
c. 1 d. 2
10. Let f :[−1, 2] → [0, ∞) be a continuous function such that
2
1 
f ( x) = f (1 − x) for all x ∈ [ −1, 2]. Let R1 = ∫ xf ( x)dx, and 16. Let f :  ,1 → R (the set of all real numbers) be a
−1
2 
R2 be the area of the region bounded by y = f ( x), positive, non-constant and differentiable function such

x = −1, x = 2 and the x-axis. Then [JEE 2011 P-II] that f ′( x ) < 2 f ( x ) and f  1  = 1. Then the value of
2
a. R1 = 2 R2 b. R1 = 3R2 1
lies in the interval [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
c. 2 R1 = R2 d. 3R1 = R2 ∫
1/ 2
f ( x) dx

 π π a. (2e − 1, 2e)
−x − 2 , x≤−

2 b. (e − 1, 2e − 1)
 π
11. If f (x) = − cos x, − < x ≤ 0, then [JEE 2011 P-II]  e −1 
 2 c.  , e − 1
 x − 1, 0 < x ≤1  2 
ln x, x >1  e −1 
 d.  0, 
a. f(x) is continuous at x = −π / 2  2 
b. f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0
17. The number of points in (–∞,∞) for which x2 – x sin x
c. f(x) is differentiable at x = 1
– cos x = 0, is [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
d. f (x) is differentiable at x = –3/2
a. 6 b. 4 c. 2 d. 0

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 147
18. For a ∈ R (the set of all real numbers), a ≠ 1, lim 24. Let f : [ a, b] → [1, ∞) be a continuous function and let
n→∞
g : R → R be defined as
(1a + 2α + ...n a ) 1
a −1
= . 
( n + 1) [( na + 1) + ( na + 2) + ... + (na + n)] 60 
0 if x < a
Then a = [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]  x Then [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
−15 −17 g ( x ) =  ∫ f (t ) d t if a ≤ x ≤b
a. 5 b. 7 c. d. a
2 2 b
 ∫ f (t ) d t if x >b
19. If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 11] satisfying  a
f (0) = 2 = g (1), g (0) = 0 and f (1) = 6, then for some a. g ( x) is continuous but not differentiable at a
c ∈]0,1[ [JEE Main 2014] b. g ( x) is differentiable on R
a. 2 f ′(c ) = g ′(c ) b. 2 f ′(c ) = 3 g ′(c) c. g ( x) is continuous but not differentiable at b
c. f ′(c ) = g ′(c ) d. f ′(c ) = 2 g ′(c ) d. g ( x) is continuous and differentiable at either a or b
but not both
sin(π cos 2 x )
20. lim is equal to: [JEE Main 2014]
x →0 x2
(1 − cos 2 x )(3 + cos x )
π 25. lim is equal to [JEE Main 2015]
a. b. 1 c. −π d. π x→0 x tan 4 x
2 a. 4 b. 3
21. Let M be a 2×2 symmetric matrix with integer entries. c. 2 d. ½
Then M is invertible if
a. The first column of M is the transpose of the second  k x + 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
26. If the function, g ( x) =  is differentiable,
row of M  mx + 2, 0, < x ≤ 5
b. The second row of M is the transpose of the first
then the value of k + m is [JEE Main 2015]
column of M
16
c. M is a diagonal matrix with non-zero entries in the main a. 2 b.
5
diagonal
10
d. The product of entries in the main diagonal of M is not c. d. 4
3
the square of an integer [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
27. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree four having extreme
22. For every pair of continuous functions f , g :[0,1] → R
x = 2. If lim 1 + 2  = 3, then is
f ( x)
values at x = 1 and
such that max{ f ( x) : x ∈ [0,1]} = max{g ( x) : x ∈ [0,1]} the x→0
 x 
correct statement(s) is (are) [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I] f (2) equal to: [JEE Main 2015]
a. ( f (c)) + 3 f (c) = ( g (c)) + 3g (c) for some c ∈ [ 0, 1]
2 2
a. – 8 b. – 4
b. ( f (c))2 + f (c) = ( g (c))2 + 3g (c) for some c ∈ [ 0, 1] c. 0 d. 4

c. ( f (c))2 + 3 f (c) = ( g (c))2 + g (c) for some c ∈ [ 0, 1] 28. Let g : R → R be a differential function with g (0) = 0,
g '(0) = 0 and g '(1) ≠ 0.
d. ( f (c))2 + ( g (c))2 for some c ∈ [ 0, 1]
 x g ( x ),
Let f ( x) = | x | x ≠ 0 and h ( x ) = e| x| for all x ∈ R.
x  1
− t +  dt
23. Let f : (0, ∞) → R be given by f ( x) = ∫ e  t
then
1 t  0, x=0
x
Let ( f
h ) (x) denote f ( h( x)) and ( h
f )( x ) denote
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
h( f ( x)). Then which of the following is (are) true?
a. f ( x ) is monotonically increasing on [1, ∞ )
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
b. f ( x ) is monotonically decreasing on (0, 1)
a. f is differentiable at x = 0
1 b. h is differentiable at x = 0
c. f ( x) + f   = 0, for all x ∈ (0, ∞)
x c. f
h is differentiable at x = 0
d. f (2x ) is an odd function of x on R d. h
f is differentiable at x = 0

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148 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
29. Let f , g :[−1, 2] → R be continuous functions which are 34. Let f : (0, ∞ ) → R be a differentiable function such that
twice differentiable on the interval (–1, 2). Let the values of f f ( x)
f ′( x) = 2 − for all x ∈ (0, ∞ ) and f (1) ≠ 1. Then
and g at points –1, 0 and 2 be as given in the following table: x

a. lim f ′   = 1
1
x = −1 x=0 x=2 +
[JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]
x→0
x
f ( x) 3 6 0
b. lim x f   = 1
1
g ( x) 0 1 –1 +
x →0
x
In each of the intervals (–1, 0) and (0, 2) the function c. lim x f ′ ( x ) = 0
2
x → 0+

( f − 3 g )′′ never vanishes. Then the correct statements(s) d. | f ( x ) |≤ 2 for all x ∈ (0, 2)
is (are) [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
35. Let f : R → R , g : R → R and h : R → R be differentiable
a. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly three solutions in
( −1, 0) ∪ (0, 2) function such that f (x) = x3 + 3x + 2, g ( f ( x )) = x and

b. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (–1, 0) h ( g ( g ( x))) = x for all x ∈ R. Then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]

c. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (0, 2) 1

a. g ′(2) = b. h′(1) = 666
15
d. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly two solutions in (–1, 0)
c. h (0) = 16 d. h ( g ( x )) = 36
and exactly two solutions in (0, 2)
1  1   1 
36. Let f :  − , 2  → R and g :  − , 2  → R be functions
30. Let p = lim (1 + tan 2 x ) 2 x then log p is equal to:  2   2 
x→0+

defined by f ( x) = [ x − 3] and g(x) = | x | f (x) + | 4x − 7| f (x),

2
[JEE Main 2016]
a. 2 b. 1
where [ y] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to
1 1
c. d. y for y ∈ R. Then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
2 4
a. f is discontinuous exactly at three points in  − , 2 
1
31. For x ∈ R, f ( x) = | log 2 − sin x | and g ( x ) = f ( f ( x)),
 2 
then: [JEE Main 2016]
b. f is discontinuous exactly at four points in  − , 2 
1
a. g is not differentiable at x = 0
 2 
b. g ′(0) = cos(log 2)  1 
c. g is NOT differentiable exactly at three points in  − , 2 
c. g ′(0) = − cos(log 2)  2 
d. g is differentiable at x = 0 and g ′(0) = − sin(log 2)  1 
d. g is NOT differentiable exactly at five points in  − , 2 
 2 
32. A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are
bent respectively to form a square of side = x units and a cot x − cos x
37. lim equals [JEE Main 2017]
circle of radius = r units. If the sum of the areas of the x→ π / 2 ( π − 2 x )3
square and the circle so formed is minimum, then: 1 1
a. b.
[JEE Main 2016] 8 4
a. 2 x = (π + 4)r b. (4 − π ) x = π r 1 1
c. d.
c. x = 2r d. 2 x = r 24 16

1
 (n + 1)(n + 2)...3n  n 38. Let [x] be the greatest integer less than or equals to x.
33. lim   is equal to: [JEE Main 2016]
n →∞
 n2 n  Then, at which of the following point(s) the function

a.
18
b.
27 ( )
f ( x ) = x cos π ( x + [ x ]) is discontinuous?
e4 e2 [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
9 a. x = 0 b. x = 1
c. d. 3log 3 − 2
e2 c. x = 2 d. x = –1

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 149
1 − x (1 + 1 − x ) cos  1   1 2 15  
39. Let f ( x ) =   for x ≠ 1 . Then lim ×    +   + ....... +    [JEE Main 2018]
1− x 1− x x → 0+
   
x x  x 

a. lim+ f ( x ) = 0 [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] a. Does not exist (in R) b. is equal to 0
x →1
c. is equal to 15 d. is equal to 120
b. lim− f ( x ) = 0
x →1 sin 2 x
44. lim equals: [JEE Main 2019]
c. lim+ f ( x ) does not exist x→0 2 − 1 + cos x
x →1

d. lim− f ( x ) does not exist a. 2 2 b. 4 2

x →1
c. 2 d. 4
40. For every twice differentiable function f : R → [ −2, 2]
45. Let ƒ : R → R be a differentiable function satisfying ƒ'(3)
with ( f (0)) + ( f '(0)) = 85, which of the following
2 2
1/ x
statement(s) is (are) True? [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]  1 + f (3 + x) − f (3) 
+ ƒ'(2) = 0. Then lim   is equal to
x→0 1 + f (2 − x) − f (2)
a. There exist r , s ∈ R, where r < s , such that f is one-  
one on the open interval (r, s) [JEE Main 2019]
2
b. There exists x0 ∈ ( −4, 0) such that | f ( x0 ) |≤ 1 a. e b. e
c. e–1 d. 1
c. lim f ( x ) = 1
x →∞
| x | +[ x], −1 ≤ x < 1
d. There exists α ∈ ( −4, 4) such that f (α ) = 0 and 
46. Let f:[–1,3]→R be defined as f ( x) = | x | + | x |, 1 ≤ x < 2
f '(α ) ≠ 0 | x | +[ x] 2 ≤ x < 3

41. Let f : ℝ → ℝ and g : ℝ → ℝ be two non-constant where [t] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to
( f ( x )) −( g ( x ))
t. Then, ƒ is discontinuous at: [JEE Main 2019]
differentiable functions. If f '( x) = (e ) g '( x) for a. four or more points b. only one point
all x ∈ ℝ , and f (1) = g (2) = 1, then which of the following c. only two points d. only three points
statement(s) is (are) True? [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
a. f (2) < 1 − log e 2 b. f (2) > 1 − log e 2 1+ 1+ y4 − 2
47. lim [JEE Main 2019]
c. g (2) > 1 − log e 2 d. g (1) < 1 − log e 2 y →0 y4

42. Let f : (0, π ) → ℝ be a twice differentiable function such 1

a. exists and equals
4 2
f ( x ) sin t − f ( t ) sin x
that lim = sin 2 x for x ∈ (0, π ). If b. does not exist
t→x t−x
1
π  π c. exists and equals
f   = − , then which of the following statement(s) 2 2
6 12
1
is (are) True? [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II] d. exist and equals
2 2( 2 +1)

π  π 48. Let f = R→ R be a function defined as:

a. f   =
4 4 2  5, if x ≤1
4 a + bx, if 1 < x < 3
x 
b. f ( x ) < − x 2 for all x ∈ (0, π ) f ( x) = 
6 b + 5 x, if 3 < x < 5
c. There exists α ∈ (0, π ) such that f '(α ) = 0  30, if x≥5
π  π  Then, f is: [JEE Main 2019]
d. f "   + f   = 0 a. continuous of a = 5 and b = 5
2 2
b. continuous of a = –5 and b = 20
43. For each t ∈ R, let [f] be the greatest integer less than or c. continuous of a = 0 and b = 5
equal to t. Then d. not continuous for any values of a and b

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150 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
49. Let f be a differentiable function form R to R such that a. {π} b. {0}
3
c. φ (an empty set) d. {0,π}
| f ( x ) − f ( y ) |≤ 2 | x − y | , for all x,y,ε R , if f (0) = 1 than
2

1 x cot(4 x)
57. lim is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
∫f
2
( x )dx is equal to [JEE Main 2019] x →0 sin 2 x cot 2 (2 x )
0

a. 0 b. 1/2 c. 2 d. 1 a. 2 b. 0 c. 4 d. 1

50. For each x ε R, let [x] be the greatest integer less than or 58. Let f and g be continuous functions on [0, a] such that f(x)
a
x([ x ]+ | x |) sin[ x ] = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a – x) = 4, then ∫ f ( x) g ( x)dx is
equal to x, then lim− is equal to
x →0 | x| 0

[JEE Main 2019] equal to: [JEE Main 2019]

a a
a. – sin1 b. 0 c. 1 d. sin 1
a. 4∫ f ( x )dx b. 2∫ f ( x )dx
51. Let f : R → R be a function such that 0 0

f ( x) = x + x f ′(1) + xf ′′(2) + f ′′(3), x ∈ R.

3 2 a a
c. −3∫ f ( x)dx d. ∫ f ( x)dx
Than f(2) equal [JEE Main 2019] 0 0
a. 8 b. –2 c. –4 d. 30
cot x − tan x
3
59. limπ [JEE Main 2019]
max{| x |, x2 }, | x |≤ 2 x→  π
52. Let f ( x) =  [JEE Main 2019] 4 cos  x + 
 8 − 2 | x |, 2 <| x |≤ 4  4
Let S be the set of points in the interval (–4, 4) at which a. 4 b. 8 2 c. 8 d. 4 2
f is not differentiable. Then S:
60. Let f be a differentiable function such that f(1) = 2 and
a. is an empty set b. equals {–2, –1, 1, 2}
f '(x) = f(x) for all x∈R. If h(x) = f(f(x)), then h'(1) is equal
c. equals {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} d. equals {–2, 2}
to: [JEE Main 2019]
53. Let f: (–1,1) → R be a function defined by a. 4e b. 4e 2
c. 2e d. 2e2

{ }
f ( x) = max − | x | − 1 − x 2 . If K be the set of all points at
61.
 n
lim  2 2 + 2
n n n 
+ 2 2 + ... + 2  is equal to:
which f is not differentiable, then K has exactly:
n →∞
 n + 1 n + 2 2
n + 3 5n 
[JEE Main 2019] a. π/4 –1
b. tan 2 –1
c. tan 3 d. π/2
a. Three elements b. One element π − 2sin −1 x
c Five elements. d. Two elements 62. lim ie equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
x →1−
1− x
 −1, −2 ≤ x < 0 1 π
54. Let f ( x ) =  2 and g ( x) = | f ( x) + f (| x |). a. b.
 x − 1,0 ≤ x ≤ 2 2π 2
then, in the interval (–2,2), g is: [JEE Main 2019] 2
a. differentiable at all points c. d. π
π
b. not differentiable at two points
63. Let f : R → R be given by [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
c. not continuous
d. not differentiable at one point  x 5 + 5 x 4 + 10 x3 + 10 x 2 + 3x + 1, x<0
 2
55. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. x − x +1 0 ≤ x <1
f ( x) = 
(2 / 3) x − 4 x + 7 x − (8 / 3) 1≤ x < 3
3 2
Then:
tan(π sin x ) + (| x | − sin( x[ x ]))
2 2 ( x − 2)ℓn( x − 2) − x + (10 / 3) x≥3
lim [JEE Main 2019]
x→0 x2
a. equals π b. equals 0 Then which of the following options is/are correct?
c. equals π + 1 d. does not exist a. f is onto
b. f’ is not differentiable at x = 1
56. Let K be the set of all real values of x where the function
c. f’ has a local maximum at x = 1
f ( x) = sin | x | − | x | + 2( x − π ) cos|x| is not differentiable.
d. f is increasing on (−∞, 0)
Then the set K is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 151
3
1 + 2......... + n
3 3 where [y] denotes the
64. lim = 54, largest integer less than or
n →∞  1 1 1 
n7 / 3  + + ..... +  equal to y.
 (na + 1) (na + 2)
2 2
( na + n )
2

 
then possible values a is/are:
(C) Volume of the π
3.
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-II] parallelepiped with its 3
edges represented by the
Matrix Match / Column Match vectors iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + 2 ˆj and

65. In the following [x] denotes the greatest integer less than iˆ + ˆj + π kˆ
or equal to x. Match the functions in Column I with the

properties Column II [JEE 2007 P-I] (D) Angle between vectors a π
 4.
Column I Column II    2
and b where a , b and c
(A) x | x | 1. continuous in ( −1, 1) are unit vectors satisfying
(B) | x | 2. differentiable in (−1, 1)    
a + b + 3c = 0
(C) x + [ x ] 3. strictly increasing in ( −1, 1) 5. π
(D) | x − 1| + | x + 1| 4. not differentiable at least at a. A→2,4; B→ 1,3,4,5; C→ 5; D→ 3
one point in ( −1, 1) b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
a. A→ 1,2,3; B→ 1,4; C→ 2,3; D→ 1,2 c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 68. Let f1 : R → Rf 2 :[0, ∞ ] → R , f 3 : R → R and

| x | if x<0
x2 − 6x + 5 f 4 : R → [10, ∞ ] be defined b f1 ( x ) =  x ;
66. Let f ( x) = Match the conditions/expressions in  e if x≥0
x2 − 5x + 6
Column I with statements in Column II [JEE 2007 P-II] sin x if x<
f2 ( x) = x2 ; f3 ( x) =  and
Column I Column II  x if x≥0
(A) If −1 < x < 1, then f ( x) 1. 0 < f ( x) < 1
 f ( f ( x)) if x<0
satisfies f 4 ( x) =  2 1 [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
 f 2 ( f1 ( x)) − 1 if x≥0
(B) If 1 < x < 2, then satisfies 2. f ( x) < 0
Column I Column II
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f(x) 3. f ( x) > 0 (A) f4 is 1. onto but not one-one
satisfies
(B) f3 is 2. neither continuous nor
(D) If x > 5, then f(x) satisfies 4. f ( x) < 1 one-one
a. A→ 1,3,4; B→ 2,4; C→ 2,4; D→ 1,2,4 (C) f2 o f1 is 3. differentiable but not one-
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 one
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
(D) f2 is 4. continuous and one-one
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
a. A→ 1; B→ 3; C→ 2; D→ 4
67. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
values given in Column II. [JEE 2009 P- II] c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
Column I Column II
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(A) Root (s) of the expression π π
1.  π π  
2sin θ + sin 2θ = 2
2 2 6 69. Let f1 : ℝ → ℝ , f 2 :  − ,  → ℝ , f 3 :  −1, e 2 − 2  → ℝ
 2 2  
(B) Points of discontinuity of π
2.
the function 4 and f 4 : ℝ → ℝ be functions defined by
 6x   3x  2
f ( x) =   cos   , (A) f1 ( x ) = sin( 1 − e− x ).
π  π 

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152 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 sin x then the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in R. Consider f (x) = kex –
 if x ≠ 0
(B) f 2 ( x ) =  tan −1 x , where the inverse x for all real x where k is a real constant. [JEE 2007 P-II]
 1 if x = 0 71. The line y= x meets y = kex for k ≤ 0 at

a. no point b. one point
 π π
trigonometric function tan −1 x assumes values in  − ,  c. two points d. more than two points
 2 2
(C) f3 ( x ) = [sin(log e ( x + 2))], where, for t ∈ ℝ, [t] denotes 72. The positive value of k for which kex – x = 0 has only one
the greatest integer less than or equal to t, root is
a. 1/e b. 1 c. e d. loge2
 2 1
 x sin   if x ≠ 0 73. For k > 0, the set of all values of k for which kex – x = 0
(D) f 4 ( x ) =   x [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
 0 if x = 0 has two distinct roots is

 1 1  1 
Column I Column II a.  0,  b.  , 1 c.  , ∞  d. (0,1)
(A) The function is 1. not continuous at x = 0  e e  e 
(B) The function is 2. continuous at x = 0 and not
differentiable at x = 0 Paragraph for Question No. 74
(C) The function is 3. differentiable at x = 0 and Let f : [0, 1] → R (the set of all real numbers) be a function.
its derivative is not Suppose the function f is twice differentiable, f (θ ) = f (1) = 0
continuous at x = 0
and satisfied f '′( x ) − 2 f '( x ) + f ( x) ≥ e , x ∈ [0,1].
x
(D) The function is 4. differentiable at x = 0 and
its derivative is continuous [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]
at x = 0 74. Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1?
The correct option is:
1 1
a. A→2; B→3; C→1; D→4 b. A→4; B→1; C→2; D→3 a. 0 < f ( x ) < ∞ b. − < f ( x) <
2 2
c. A→4; B→2; C→1; D→3 d. A→2; B→1; C→4; D→3
1
c. − < f ( x) < 1 d. −∞ < f ( x) < θ
4
Statement or Assertion & Reason
70. Let f and g be real valued functions defined on interval (–1,1) Integer & Subjective
such that g''(x) is continuous, g (0) ≠ 0, g '(0) = 0,
75 If f ( x − y ) = f ( x) ⋅ g ( y ) − f ( y ) ⋅ g ( x) and
g ''(0) ≠ 0, and f ( x) = g ( x)sin x.
g ( x − y ) = g ( x) ⋅ g ( y ) + f ( x) ⋅ f ( y ) for all x , y ∈ R . If
Statement-I: lim[ g ( x) cot x − g (0)cosec x ] = f ′′ = 0.
x →0 right hand derivative at x = 0 exists for f ( x ). Find
and
derivative of g ( x ) at x = 0. [JEE 2005]
Statement-II: f '(0) = g (0). [JEE 2008 P-I]
76. Let f : R → R be a continuous function which satisfies
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
x
is a correct explanation for Statement-I f ( x ) = ∫ f (t )dt. Then the value of is [JEE 2009 P-II]
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II 0

is not a correct explanation for Statement-I 77. Let p(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extremum
c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False  p ( x) 
x = 1, 2 at and lim 1 + 2  = 2. Then the value of p (2)
d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True x →0
 x 
is [JEE 2009 P-II]
Paragraph 78. For any real number x, let |x| denote the largest integer less
Paragraph for Question No 71 to 73 than or equal to x. Let f be a real valued function defined
If a continuous f defined on the real line R, assumes positive  x − [ x ] if [x] is odd
on the interval [−10,10] by f (x) = 
and negative values in R then the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in 1 + [ x ] − x if [x] is even
R. For example, if it is known that a continuous function f on R
Then the value of π
2 10

10 −∫10
f ( x)cosπ x dx is [JEE 2010 P-I]
is positive at some point and its minimum values is negative

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 153
79. Let ff :[1, ∞ ) → [2, ∞) be a differentiable function such x 3
, x ≤1
⇒ f ( x) = 
x
that f f (1) = 2. If 6 ∫ f (t )dt = 3 x f ( x ) − x 3 for all x ≥ 1, then 1 , x >1
1
⇒ f(x)is continuous ∀x ∈ R and non-differentiable at x = 1
the value of f(2) is [JEE 2011 P-I]
e x , 0 ≤ x ≤1
80. Let f :[0, 4π ] → [0, π ] be defined by f ( x) = cos−1 (cos x). 
3. (a,b) g ′( x ) = f ( x ) =  2 − e x −1 , 1< x ≤ 2
The number of points x ∈ [0, 4π ] satisfying the equation x − e
 , 2< x≤3
10 − x is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
f ( x) =
10 g ′( x ) = 0, when x = 1 + ln 2 and x = e

81. The largest value of the non-negative integer a for which −e x−1 1 < x ≤ 2 
g ′′( x) =  
1− x
 1 2 < x ≤ 3
 −ax + sin( x − 1) + a 1− x 1
lim   = is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
x →1
 x + sin( x − 1) − 1  4 g ′′(1 + ln 2) = −eln 2 < 0
hence at x = 1 + ln 2, g ( x ) has a local maximum
82. Let f : R → R and g : R → R be respectively given by
g ′′(e) = 1 > 0 hence at x = e, g ( x ) has local minimum.
f ( x) = x + 1 and g ( x) = x 2 + 1. Define h : R → R by
∵ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1. then we get local maxima
 max{ f ( x), g ( x )} if x≤0
h( x) = 
 min{ f ( x), g ( x )} if x>0 at x = 1 and local minima at x = 2.
The number of points at which h( x ) is not differentiable t 2 f ( x) − x 2 f (t )
4. (a) lim =1
is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I] t →x t−x
83. Let m and n be two positive integers greater than 1. If ⇒ x 2 f ′( x ) − 2 x f ( x ) + 1 = 0
 e cos(α ) − e  1
n

lim 
e
 = −   then the value of
m
is ⇒ f ( x ) = cx 2 + also f (1) = 1
a →0  3x
 α
m
 2 n
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-II] ⇒c = 2
3
α , β ∈ R be such that lim x sin( β x ) = 1. Then
2
2 2 1
84. Let Hence f ( x ) = x + .
x→0 α x − sin x 3 3x
6 (α + β ) equals [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]
5. (c) From graph, p = −1
1
85. For each positive integer n, let yn 1
= (( n + 1)( n + 2)...( n + n )) n . ⇒ lim+ g ( x) = −1
n x →1

For x ∈ ℝ , let [x] be the greatest integer less that or equal ⇒ lim g (1 + h ) = − 1 –x +1 x –1
h→0

to x. If lim yn = L, then the value of [L] is ______.

n →∞  hn 
⇒ lim 
h → 0 log cos m h
 = −1 0 1
[JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]  
 n ⋅ h n −1  n  h n −1 
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS ⇒ lim   = −   lim   = −1,
h → 0 m ⋅ ( − tan h )
   m  h→0  tan h 
1. (c) lim ( (sin x)1/ x + (1/ x)sin x )
x →0 which holds if n = m = 2.
lim sin x ln(1/ x )
0 + e x →0 = 1 (using L’ Hospital’s rule) x2
a − a2 − x2 −
6. (a,c) L = lim 4
2. (a,c) f ( x) = min {1, x 2 , x3} x →0 x4
1 1 (4 − a ) − a 2 − x 2
= lim − = lim
x →0
x2 (a + a 2 − x 2 ) 4x2 x→0
4 x 2 (a + a 2 − x 2 )
y =1 numerator → 0 if a = 2 and then
y=x 3 1
L=
64

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154 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1 11. (a,b,c,d) lim− f (x) = 0 = f ( −π / 2)
7. (b,c) f '( x ) = + 1 + sin x x→
π
x 2

f '( x ) is not differentiable at  π

lim+ f (x) = cos  −  = 0
π x→
π  2
sin x = −1 or x = 2 nπ − ,n∈ N 2
2
 −1, x ≤ −π / 2
In x ∈ (1, ∞) f ( x) > 0, f '( x) > 0 sin x,
 −π / 2 < x ≤ 0
Consider f ( x) − f '( x) f ′(x) = 
1, 0 < x ≤1
x
1 1/ x, x >1
= ln x + ∫ 1 + sin t dt– − 1 + sin x
0
2 Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0 as f ′(0 − ) = 0
x  1 and f ′(0 + ) = 1.
=  ∫ 1 + sin t dt − 1 + sin x  + ln x −
0  x f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 as f ′(1− ) = f ′(1+ ) = 1.
x

Consider g ( x) = ∫ 1 + sin tdt − 1 + sin x

 2 π
 x cos ; x≠0
0 12. (b) f ( x) =  x
0 ; x=0
It can be proved that g ( x ) ≥ 2 2 − 10 ∀ x ∈ (0, ∞ ) 
1 At x = 0
Now there exists some α > 1 such that In
x π
h 2 cos −0
1 f (0 + h) − f (0) h
x ≤ 2 2 − 10 for all x ∈ (α , ∞) as − In x is strictly RHD at x = 0 = Lt = Lt =0
x h →0 h h →0 h
decreasing function. f (0 − h) − f (0)
LHD at x = 0 = Lt
1 h →0 −h
⇒ g ( x) ≥ − ln x.
x π 
( −h) 2 cos  
h π 
8. (b,c or b,c,d) f ′(x) = lim f (x + h) − f (x) = lim f (x) + f (h) − f (x) = Lt = − Lt h cos   = 0
h →0 h h →0 h h →0 −h h →0
h
f (x + 0) ∵ LHD = RHD
f (h) f (h) + f (0)
= lim = lim = f (x) + f (0) ⇒ f is differentiable at x = 0 At x = 2
h →0 h h →0 h
= f (0) = 0 f (2 − h) − f (2)
LHD at x = 2 – Lt
h →0 h
= f ′(0) = A const = k (say)
 π 
( − h) 2 cos  −0 0
∴ f (0) = kx + c but  2−h
= Lt   using L'Hospital
f (0) = 0 ⇒ k = 0 ⇒ f (x) = kx h →0 h 0
 π  2   π  +1
2 [−2(2 − h )] ⋅ cos   + (2 − h ) ⋅  − sin    ⋅π ⋅
9. (d) e ln(1+ b ) = 2b sin 2 θ 2−h   2 − h  (2 − h ) 2
= Lt
h→0
1 + b2 = −π
⇒ sin 2 θ =
2b ∴ LHD is equal to −π
1+ b 2
π f (2 + h) − f (2)
⇒ sin 2 θ = 1 as ≥1 θ = ± . RHD at x = 2 = Lt
2b 2 h→ 0h
 π  0
(2 + h) cos 
2
  
2+h 0
2 2
10. (c) R1 = ∫ xf (x)dx = ∫ (2 − 1 − x)f (2 − 1 − x)dx = Lt
h→0 h
−1 −1
 π  2 π   −1 
2 2 2(2 + h)cos   ⋅ +(2 + h)  − sin  (π ) ⋅  2 
 2+h  2+h  (2 + h) 
= ∫ (1 − x)f (1 − x)dx = ∫ (1 − x)f (x)dx = Lt
h→0 1
(using L' Hospital)

−1 −1 = (4)(0) + π = π
2
Hence 2R1 = ∫ f (x)dx = R 2 .
∴ RHD = π
−1 ∴ LHD ≠ RHD ∴ f is not differentiableat x = 2

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 155
 x + x +1
2
 17. (c) Let f ( x) = x − x sin x − cos x
2
13. (b) lim  − ax − b  = 4
x →∞
 x + 1  ⇒ f ′( x ) = 2 x − x cos x
 x + x + 1 − ax − ax − bx − b 
2 2
lim f ( x) → ∞.
lim  =4 x →∞
x →∞
 x +1 
lim f ( x) → ∞
x →∞
 (1 − a) x 2 + (1 − a − b) x + (1 − b)  (0, –1)
lim  =4 f (0) = −1
x →∞
 x +1 
Limiting value is finite nonzero so highest degree in 1

∫ x dx
a
numerator and denominator will be same. 2 2
18. (b,d) Required limit = 0
= =
1− a − b 1
(2a + 1)(a + 1) 120
Therefore 1 − a = 0 ⇒=
⇒ 1= 1 and =4
1 ∫ (a + x)dx
0
1 −1 − b
= 4 b = −4 ∴ answer is (b) ∴ 17
1 ⇒ a = 7 or − .
2
14. (b,d) f is continuous on ℝ 19. (d) Given, f (0) = 2, g (1) = 2, g (0) = 0, f (1) = 6
f (2n) = an + sin(π ⋅ 2n) = an Let, F ( x ) = f ( x ) − 2 g ( x )
At x = 2 n F (0) = f (0) − 2 g (0)
Lt − f ( x ) = Lt −1 bn + cos π x F (0) = 2 − 2 × 0
x→2n x→2n

= bn + cos(2π n ) = bn + 1 F (0) = 2
Lt f ( x ) = Lt + an + sin(π x ) F (1) = F (1) − 2 g (1)
x → 2 n+ x→2n
F (1) = 6 − 2 × 2
= an + sin(2π n) = an
F (1) = 2
∴ an = bn + 1 ⇒ an − bn = 1
F ( x ) is continuous and differentiable in [0,1].
At x = 2 n + 1
F (0) = F (1)
f (2n + 1) = an + sin(π (2n + 1))
So, according to Rolle’s theorem, there is at least are root
= an + sin(2nπ + π ) = an between 0 and 1. At which F ′( x ) = 0. f ′( x ) − 2′ g ( x ) = 0
Lt f ( x) = Lt a n + sin π x = an + sin(2 nπ + π ) = a n f ′(c ) − 2 g ′(c ) = 0 f ′(c ) = 2 g ′(e)
x → 2 n +1− x → 2 n +1−

Lt f ( x) = Lt bn +1 + cos π x sin {π − π sin 2 x}

x →(2 n +1)+ x →2 n +1+ sin(π cos 2 x)
20. (d) lim = lim
= bn +1 + cos π (2n + 1) = bn +1 − 1
x →0 x2 x →0 x2
sin(π sin 2 x) π sin 2 x
an = bn +1 − 1 ⇒ a n − bn +1 = −1 = lim ⋅ =π
x →0 π sin 2 x x2
(1 − cos 2 x) (3 + cos x ) (2sin 2 x)(3 + cos x) a c 
15. (d) lim = lim 21. (c,d) Let M =   (where a, b, c ∈ I )
x →0 x tan 4 x x →0  tan 4 x   c b
x  × 4x
 4x 
Then Det M = ab − c 2
2sin 2 x (3 + cos x ) 2 If a = b = c, Det(M) = 0
= lim = (3 + 1) = 2
x →0 4x2 4 If c = 0, a, b ≠ 0, Det ( M ) ≠ 0
16. (d) Given f ′( x) − 2 f ( x) < 0
If ab ≠ square of integer, Det(M) ≠ 0
1 1 22. (a,d) Let f ( x) and g ( x) achieve their maximum value at
⇒ f ( x) < ce2 x Put x= ⇒ c> .
2 e
x1 and x2 respectively
Hence f ( x) < e2 x −1 .
h( x ) = f ( x) − g ( x)
e −1
1 1 1
h ( x1 ) = f ( x1 ) − g ( x1 ) ≥ 0
∫ ∫e ∫
2 x −1
⇒ 0< f ( x ) dx < dx 0 < f ( x ) dx < .
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
2

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156 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
h( x2 ) = f ( x2 ) − g ( x2 ) ≤ 0
27. (c) lim  1 + 2  = 3, lim 2 = 2
f ( x) f ( x)
⇒ h (c ) = 0 where c ∈ [0,1]
x→0
 x  x→0 x

⇒ f (c ) = g (c). ∴ f ( x) = ax4 + bx3 + 2 x2 + 0 x + 0

 1
− x +  f ′( x) = 4ax3 + 3bx 2 − 4 x
 x
2e
23. (a,c,d) f ′( x) = f ′(1) = 4 a + 3b + 4 = 0 . . .(i)
x
Which is increasing in [1, ∞ ) f ′(2) = 32a + 13b + 8 = 0
 1
− t + 
8a + 3b + 2 = 0 . . .(ii)
2x
1 e t
Also, f ( x) + f   = 0 g ( x) + f (2 x ) = ∫ dt 1
Solving equation (i) and (ii), we get = , b = −2
 x 2− x
t 2

2− x
 1
− t +  x4
e  t ∴ f ( x) = − 2 x3 + 2x2 f (2) = 8 − 16 + 8 = 0
g (− x ) = ∫ t
dt = − g ( x) 2
2x
28. (a,d) Differentiability of f ( x) at x = 0
Hence, an odd function
 f (0) − f (0 − δ )  0 + g (−δ )
LHD f ′(0− ) = lim   = lim =0
24. (a,c) Since f ( x) ≥ 1 ∀x ∈ [a, b] δ →0
 δ  δ → 0 δ
For g ( x ) LHD at x = a is zero and RHD at  f (0 + δ ) − f (0)  g (δ )
RHD f ′(0+ ) = lim   = lim =0
x δ →0
 δ  δ → 0 δ
∫ f (t ) dt − 0 ⇒ f ( x) is differentiable at x = 0
( x − a) = lim+ a
= lim+ f ( x) ≥ 1
x−a
x →a x→a Differentiability of h ( x ) at x = 0
Hence g ( x ) is not differentiable at x = a h′(0+ ) = 1, h( x) is an even function
Similarly LHD at x = b is greater than 1 g ( x) is not Hence non diff. at x = 0
differentiable at x = b Differentiability of f (h( x)) at x = 0
(1 − cos 2 x )(3 + cos x ) f (h( x)) = g (e| x| ) ∀ x ∈ R
25. (c) lim
x→0 x tan 4 x f ( h(0)) − f ( h(0 − δ )) g (1) − g (eδ )
2 LHD f ′(h(0− )) = lim = lim = g ′(1)
2sin x δ →0 δ δ →0 δ
2sin 2 x(3 + cos x) 2
(3 + cos x)
lim lim x =2 f (h(0 + δ )) − f (h(0)) g (eδ ) − g (1)
RHD f ′(h(0 + )) = lim = lim = g ′(1)
x →0 x tan 4 x x →0  x tan 4 x  δ →0 δ δ →0 δ
4 2 
 4x  Since g ′(1) ≠ 0

 k x + 1 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 ⇒ f (h( x)) is non diff. at x = 0

26. (a) g ( x ) = 
 mx + 2 0 < x ≤ 5 Differentiability of h( f ( x)) at x = 0

lim g ( x) = lim+ g ( x) = g (3)

x →3− x →3
h( f ( x)) = e {
( f ( x )|

1,
, x≠0
x=0
⇒ 2k = 3m + 2 = 2k . . . (i) h( f (0)) − h( f (0 − δ )) 1 − e| g ( −δ )| | g ( −δ ) |
LHD. h′( f (0 − δ )) = lim = lim ⋅ =0
 k δ →0 δ δ → 0 | g ( −δ ) | δ
 0≤ x≤3
⇒ g ′( x) =  2 x + 1 29. (b,c) Let H ( x) = f ( x) − 3g ( x)
 3< x ≤5
 m H (−1) = H (0) = H (2) = 3.
k Applying Rolle’s Theorem in the interval [–1, 0]
L.H.D. at = lim− g ′( x ) =
x=3 x →3 4 H ′( x) = f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 for atleast one c ∈ (−1, 0)
R.H.D. at = lim+ g ′( x) = m
x=3 x →3 As H ′′( x ) never vanishes in the interval

L.H.D. R.H.D.
k
=m . . .(ii) ⇒ Exactly one c ∈ (−1, 0) for which H ′( x) = 0
4 Similarly, apply Rolle’s Theorem in the interval [0, 2]
2 8
From equation (i) and (ii) m = , k = ⇒ k + m = 2 ⇒ H ′( x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (0, 2)
5 5

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 157

(a) lim+ f ′   = lim+ (1 − cx 2 ) = 1

1
1
30. (c) P = lim+ (1 + tan 2 x − 1) 2x
then log p =
x →∞ x→ 0
 x  x→0

(b) lim+ x f   = lim+ 1 + cx 2 = 1

(1+ tan 2 x −1 )
1 (tan x )2 1 1
lim 2x lim
x →0+ 2( x ) 2
P=e x→0+
=e = e2 x→0 x  
x→0

(c) lim x 2 f ′ ( x ) = lim x 2 − c = − c ≠ 0

1
1
log P = log e = 2
x→ 0+ x → 0+
2
(d) lim+ f ( x ) → +∞ or − ∞
x→0
31. (b) f ( x) = | ℓn2 − sin x | f ( f ( x )) = ℓn 2 − sin ℓn 2 − sin x
Hence only (a) is correct.
In the vicinity of x = 0
35. (b,c) Here f ( x) = x + 3x + 2,
3
g ( x) = ℓn 2 − sin(ℓn2 − sin x)
g ( f ( x )) = x
Hence g ( x ) is differentiable at x = 0 as it is sum and
composite of differentiable function ⇒ g( x) = f −1( x)
g ′(0) = cos(ℓn 2 − sin x).cos x g ′(0) = cos(ℓn2) (a) f ( g ( x )) = x
⇒ f ′( g ( x )) ⋅ g ′( x ) = 1
32. (c) 4 x + 2π r = 2 . . .(i)
1 1 1
x 2 + π r 2 = minimum ∴ g ′(2) = = =
f ′( g (2)) f ′(0) 3
r π
2
1− π r  2 df (b,d) h ( g ( g ( x ))) = x ⇒ h ( g ( g ( f ( x )))) = f ( x )
⇒ So f (r ) =   +πr = π 2 − + 2π r = 0
 2  dr 2 2
⇒ h ( g ( x)) = f ( x)
1
⇒ r= Put x = 3 ⇒ h ( g (3)) = 36
π +4
(1 − π r ) Further h ( g ( f ( x ))) = f ( f ( x ))
Using equation (i )× = ⇒ x = 2r
2 ⇒ h( x ) = f ( f ( x))
 (n + 1)(n + 2)......(n + 2n)  ⇒ h′( x ) = f ′( f ( x )) ⋅ f ′( x ) Put x = 1 ⇒ h′(1) = 666
33. (b) p = lim  
x →∞
 n 2n   1
 −3 − 2 ≤ x < 1
1  r  2n

log p =  lim ∑ log 1 +   −2 1 ≤ x < 2
n  n→∞ r =1  n  36. (b, c) f ( x) = [ x 2 − 3] = [ x 2 ] − 3 = 
2
 −1 2 ≤x< 3

log p = ∫ log(1 + x )dx  0 3 ≤x<2
1 x = 2
0 
2
x g ( x) = | x | f ( x)+ | 4 x − 7 | f ( x)
log p = ( x log(1 + x))02 − ∫ dx
0
1 + x  1
2  (− x − 4 x − 7)(−3) −
2
≤x<0
 1  
log p = 2 log 3 − ∫ 1 −  dx  ( x − (4 x − 7))(−3) 0 ≤ x <1
0
1 + x 
 ( x − (4 x − 7))(−2) 1≤ x < 2
log p = 2log 3 − ( x − log(1 + x))02 = (| x | + | 4 x − 7 |)[ x 2 − 3] = 
( x − (4 x − 7))(−1) 2≤ x< 3

log p = 2log 3 − (2 − log 3)  ( x − (4 x − 7))(0) 3≤ x<7/4

27 27
log p = 3log 3 − 2 = log 2 p = 2  ( x + (4 x − 7))(0) 7/4≤ x<2
e e  ( x + (4 x − 7))(1) x=2

f ( x) dy y  1
34. (a) f ′( x) = 2 − or + =2 15 x _ 21 − ≤ x<0
x dx x 2

1 9 x − 21 0 ≤ x <1
I .F. = e∫ x = eℓnx = x
dx
⇒ 
= 6 x − 14 1≤ x < 2
Solution is y × x = ∫ 2 x dx = x + c 2 3 x − 7 2≤x< 3

0 3≤x<2
c 
or y = x + and c ≠ 0 as f (1) ≠ 1 5 x − 7 x=2
x

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158 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Now graph of given function is ⇒ f (0) = ± 85 but f ( x ) ∈ [−2, 2] ⇒ f (0) ≠ ± 85
1 ∴ f ( x ) is continuous function which is not constant
–1/2 1 2 3 2
–1
∴ It is always possible to find (r, s) where f(x) is one one.
f(x)
–2
Let f(x) = a sin bx
–3
f '( x ) = ab cos bx
21 ∵ f ( x ) ∈ [ −2, 2] ⇒ a ∈ [ −2, 2]
27/2 ∵ ( f (0))2 + ( f '(0))2 = 85
3
1 2 3 2 ∴ a 2b2 = 85
g(x) –1/2 3 3−7 For this function lim f ( x ) ≠ 1
3 2 −7 x →∞
6 2 − 14
8 f ( −4) − f (0)
Using LMVT, | f '( x ) |= ≤ 1, as
–12 −4
–21
f ( x ) ∈ [ −2, 2]
Clearly F is not discontinuous at exactly 4 point in [–1/2,
Also f (α ) + f '(α ) = a sin bα ⋅ (1 − b ) = 0 is true for some
2
2] and g is not differentiable at 4 points in (–1/2, 2).
cot x (1 − sin x) α ∈ ( −4, 4)
37. (d) lim f ( x )−g ( x )
41. (b, c) f '( x) = (e ) ⋅ g '( x)
x→π / 2 3
 π
−8  x − 
 2 f '( x ) g '( x )
⇒ =
 π  f (x)
π e eg ( x)
tan  − x  1 − cos  − x  
2   2  1 1 1 ⇒ e− f ( x ) = e− g ( x ) + c
= lim = ⋅1 ⋅ =
x →π / 2 π  π 
2
8 2 16
Put x = 1, e−1 = e− g (1) + c
8 − x 
2   2 − x
 
Put x = 2, e− f (2) = e−1 + c
− x cos πx,
38. (b,c,d) f ( x ) = x cos ( πx + π [ x ]) = 
[ x ] is odd . 1 1 1 1
⇒ − = −
 x cos πx, [ x ] is even e e f ( 2)
e g (1)
e

( )
f 1+ = ( −1)( −1) = 1 i.e. e g (1) =
e f ( 2)
+1
> 0 ⇒ e f ( 2) >
e
(a) discontinous at x = 1 2e f ( 2)
−e 2
f (1 ) = (1)( −1) = −1
−
∴ f (2) > 1 − ln 2

(b)
( )=0
f 0 +

continous at x = 0 Also, e f ( 2 ) =
2e g (1) − e
> 0 ⇒ g (1) > 1 − ln 2
f (0 ) = 0
− e1+ g (1)
f ( x ) sin t − f ( t ) sin x
f ( 2 ) = 2 ( +1) = 2 = sin 2 x
+ 42. (b, c, d) lim
t→x t−x
(c) discontinuous at x = 2
f ( 2 ) = ( −2) 1 = −2
− Using L.H. rule and N.L. theorem,
f ( x ) cos x − f '( x ) sin x = sin 2 x
similarly discontinuous at x = –1.
1 − x (1 − (1 − x ))
1
1 f ( x) ⋅ = −x + c . . . (i)
39. (b,c) lim f ( x ) = lim+ cos sin x
x →1 x →1 − (1 − x ) 1− x
π  π
1 ∵ f   = − ⇒ c = 0 ⇒ f ( x ) = − x sin x
lim − (1 + x ) cos = Does not exist 6 12
x →1 + 1− x
1 − x (1 + 1 − x ) π  π
lim− cos
1
= lim− (1 − x ) cos
1
= 0. (a) f   = −
x →1 1− x 1− x x → 1 1− x 4 4 2
x3
40. (a,b,d) ( f (0)) + ( f '(0)) = 85
2 2
(b) As sin x > x −
6
If f ( x ) = constant ⇒ f '( x ) = 0

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 159

⇒ − x sin x < − x 2 +
x 4

= lim
( 1+ y4 −1 )( 1 + y4 + 1 )
6
x4
y →0
y 4  1 + 1 + y 4 + 2 
 
( 1+ y4 +1)
⇒ f ( x) < − x + 2

6 1+ y4 −1
= lim
(c)∵ f ( x ) is continuous in [0, π ] and differentiable in
(0, π ) and f (0) = f (π ) = 0
y →0
y 4  1 + 1 + y 4 + 2 
 
( 1+ y4 +1)
1 1
⇒ f '(α ) = 0, α ∈ (0, π ) = lim =
(d) f '( x ) = − x cos x − sin x, f "( x ) = x sin x − 2 cos x
y →0
y 4  1 + 1 + y 4 + 2 
 
( )
1 + y4 +1 4 2

π  π  π π
f "  + f  = − =0  5, if x ≤1
2 2 2 2 a + bx,
 if 1< x < 3
1 1 1 2 2 2 48. (d) f ( x) = 
43. (d) As −1 <   ≤ −1 <   ≤ b + 5 x, if 3< x<5
x  
x x x  x x  30, if x≥5
15
r  15
r 15
r
∑  x − 1 < ∑  x  ≤ ∑ x
r =1 r =1 r =1
f (1) = 5, f (1− ) = 5, f (1+ ) = a + b
f (3− ) = a + 3b, f (3) = b + 15, f (3+ ) = b + 15
 r  15
120 < lim+ ×  ∑    ≤ 120 f (5− ) = b + 25; f (5) = 30, f (5+ ) = 30
x→ 0
 r =1  x  
Form above we concluded that f is not continuous for any
1 2 15  
⇒ lim ×    +   + ....... +    = 120 values of a and b.
x →0+
   
x x  x 
49. (d) | f ( x) − f ( y ) |≤ 2 | x − y |3 / 2
 sin x 
( )
2

 2  2 + 1 + cos x divide both sides by | x − y |

(1)2 ⋅ (2 2)
44. (b) lim 
x 
= =4 2 f ( x) − f ( y )
x →0  1 − cos x  1/ 2 ≤ 2⋅ | x − y |1/ 2
 2  x− y
 x 
1/ x apply limit x → y
 1 + f (3 + x) − f (3)  ∞
45. (d) lim 
x→0 1 + f (2 − x) − f (2)
 ( 1 from) | f ′( y ) ≤ 0 ⇒ f ′( y ) = 0 ⇒ f ( y ) = c ⇒ f ( x) = 1
 
1
f (3+ x )− f (2− x )− f (3) + f (2)
lim
e x →0 x (1+ f (2− x ) − f (2)) ∫ 1.dx = 1
0
f ′ (3− x ) − f ′ (2 − x )
lim
x →0— x f ′ (2 + x ) + (1+ f (2 − x ) − f (2))
x([ x ]+ | x |) sin[ x ]
Using L'Hospital e 50. (a) lim−
f ′(3)+ f ′(2)
x →0 | x|
e 1
=1 x → 0−
 −( x + 1), −1 ≤ x < 1 x(− x − 1)sin(−1)
 x, [ x] = −1 ⇒ lim− = − sin1
 0 ≤ x <1 x →0 −x
46. (d) f ( x) =  2 x, 1≤ x < 2 [ x] = − x
 x + 2, 2≤ x<3

 x + 3, x=3 51. (b) f ( x) = 3 x 2 + 2 xf ′(1) + xf ′′(2) + f ′′′(3)

function discontinuous at x = 0,1,3 ⇒ f ′( x) = 3 x 2 + 2 xf ′(1) + xf ′′( x) . . .(i)

⇒ f ′′( x) = 6 x + 2 xf ′(1) . . .(ii)
1+ 1+ y4 − 2
47. (a) lim ⇒ f ′′′( x ) = 6 . . .(iii)
y →0 y4
Put x = 1 in equation (i):
1+ 1+ y − 2 4
f ′(1) = 3 + 2 f ′(1) + f ′′(2) . . .(iv)
= lim
y 4  1 + 1 + y 4 + 2 
y →0
Put x = 2 in equation (ii):
  f ′′(2) = 12 + 2 f ′(1) . . .(v)

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160 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
from equation (iv) & (v) tan(π sin 2 x ) + x 2 tan(π sin 2 x )
= lim+ = lim +1 = π +1
−3 − f ′(1) = 12 + 2 f ′(1) x→ 0 x2 x →0+ (π sin 2 x )
⇒ 3 f ′(1) = −15 tan(π sin 2 x) + (− x + sin x)2
L.H.L. = lim−
⇒ f ′(1) = −15 ⇒ f ′′(2) = 2 . . .(ii) x→0 (π sin 2 x)
Put x = 3 in equation (iii): (as x→0– ⇒ [x] = –1)
f ′′′(3) = 6 tan(π sin 2 x ) π sin 2 x  sin x 
2

= lim+ ⋅ +  −1 +  ⇒π
∴ f ( x) = x 3 − 5 x 2 + 2 x + 6 f (2) = 8 − 20 + 4 + 6 = −2 x →0 π sin 2 x x2  x 
R.H.L ≠L.H.L
8 + 2 x, −4 ≤ x < −2 56. (c) f ( x) = sin | x | − | x | + 2( x − π )cos x
 x2 , −2 ≤ x ≤ −1
 ∵ sin | x | − | x | is differentiable function at x = 0
52. (c) f ( x ) =  | x |, −1 < x < 1
 x2 , ∴ k =φ
1≤ x ≤ 2
  x tan 2 2 x  2
8 − 2 x, 2 < x ≤ 4 x   4x
x tan 2 2 x  4 x2 
y = 8 + 2x y = 8 – 2x 57. (d) lim = lim =1
x →0 tan 4 x sin 2 x
 tan 4 x   sin x  2
x →0 2

  4x  2  x
y = x2  4x   x 
y = x2
a a
y=–x y=x 58. (b) I = ∫ f ( x) g ( x)dx I = ∫ f (a − x) g (a − x )dx
0 0
a a
–4 –2 –1 4 2 1 I = ∫ f ( x )4 − g ( x)dx I = 4∫ f ( x)dx − I
0 0

f(x) in not differentiable at x = {−2, −1,0,1, 2} a

⇒ I = 2 ∫ f ( x )dx
⇒ S = {−2, −1,0,1, 2} 0

53. (a) f : (–1, 1) → R cot 3 x − tan x (1 − tan 4 x)

59. (c) lim lim
{
f ( x) = max − | x | − 1 − x 2 } π
x→ 
4 cos  x +

π  x →π
4



4 cos  x +

π

4
(1 − tan 2 x) cos 2 x − sin 2 x 1
2 lim R lim
x→
π
 π  x → π cos x − sin x cos 2 x
4 cos  x +  4
(–1, 0) O (1, 0)  4 2
4 2 lim(cos x + sin x ) = 8
π
x→
4

f '( x)
Non-derivable at 3 points in (–1,1) 60. (a) = 1∀x ∈ R
f ( x)
 1 , −2 ≤ x < 0

54. (d) | f ( x ) |= 1 − x , 0 ≤ x < 1
2 Intergrate & use f(1) = 2
 x2 −1 , 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 f(x) = 2ex–1 ⇒ f'(x) = 2ex–1

h(x) = f(f(x)) ⇒ h'(x) = f'(f(x)) f'(x)
and f (| x ) |= x 2 − 1, x ∈ [ −2, 2]
h'(1) = f'(f(1)) f'(1)= f'(2) f'(1)
 x2 , x ∈ [ −2,0) = 2e · 2 = 4e

Hence g ( x ) =  0 , x ∈ [0,1) 2n
 2( x 2 − 1) , x ∈ [1, 2] n
 61. (b) lim ∑
r =1 n + r
n →∞ 2 2

It is not differentiable at x =1 2n 2
1 dx
tan(π sin 2 x ) + (| x | − sin( x[ x ])) 2 lim ∑ =∫
55. (d) R.H.L = lim+ n →∞
r =1  r2  1 + x2
x→0 x2 n 1 + 2  0

(as x→0+⇒[x]=0)  n 
–1
= tan 2

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 161

π − 2sin −1 x π + 2sin −1 x 65. (a)

62. (c) lim− × y
x →1 1− x π + 2sin −1 x
π 
2  − 2 sin −1 x  y=1
lim 2 
x →1−
1− x ⋅ ( π + 2 sin −1 x ) 1 2 3 5 x
2cos −1 x 1
lim ⋅
x →1− 1− x 2 π
Put x = cos θ (A) x | x | is continuous, differentiable and strictly increasing
20 1 2 in (−1, 1).
lim+ ⋅ =
θ  π
2 sin   2 π
θ →0
(B) | x | is continuous in(–1,1) and not differentiable at x = 0.
 
2
(C) x + [ x ] is strictly increasing in (−1, 1) and discontinuous at
 x 5 + 5 x 4 + 10 x 3 + 10 x 2 + 3 x + 1 x<0
 2 x=0
x − x +1 0 ≤ x <1
⇒ not differentiable at x = 0.

63. (a,b,c) f ( x) =  2 x3 − 4 x 2 + 7 x − 8 1≤ x < 3 (D) | x − 1| + | x + 1| = 2 in (−1, 1).
3 9
 10 ⇒ the function is continuous and differentiable in (−1, 1).
( x − 2)ℓn( x − 2) − x + x≥3
 3 66. (a)
5( x + 1) 4 − 2 x<0 ( x − 1)( x − 5)
 f ( x) =
2 x − 1 0 ≤ x <1 ( x − 2)( x − 3)
f ( x) =  2
2 x − 8 x + 7 1≤ x < 3 The graph of f ( x) is shown
ℓn( x − 2) x≥3 (A) If −1 < x < 1 ⇒ 0 < f ( x) < 1
x5 + 5x4 + 10 x3 + 10 x2 + 3x + 1 (B) If 1 < x < 2 ⇒ f ( x) < 0
takes value between −∞ to1
(C) If 3 < x < 5 ⇒ f ( x) < 0
10 1
Also ( x − 2)ℓn( x − 2) − x + takes value between to ∞ (D) If x > 5 ⇒ f ( x) < 1
3 3
So, range of f ( x ) is R. So option (a) is correct 67. (a)
f ''(1− ) = 2 and f ''(1+ ) = −4 (A) 2sin 2 θ + 4sin 2 θ cos 2 θ = 2
so f '( x) is non-diff at x = 1 so option (b) is correct sin 2 θ + 2 sin 2 θ (1 − sin 2 θ ) = 1

f '( x) has local maxima at x = 1 so option (c) is correct 3sin 2 θ − 2 sin 4 θ − 1 = 0 ⇒ sin θ = ±±
1
±±11
2
64. (a,b)
1 n r
1/ 3 π π
∑  ⇒ θ= , .
n r =1  n  4 2
lim =
n →∞
1  n2 n2 1  (B) Let y =
3x
 + ....... 
n  ( na + 1) 2 ( na + 2) 2 ( na + 1) 2  π

 3 4/3 
1 1 π 
1
3 ⇒ ≤ y ≤ ∀x ∈  , π 
 4 x 
1/ 3
∫ x dx 2 6 
0
= 0
= 4 = 54
1 dx  1 
1
1 1 Now f(y) = [2 y]cos[ y]
∫ − −
0 (a + x)
2
 a + x  a a +1 Critical points are y
0

1 1 3 1 3
⇒ − = y = , y = 1, y = , y = 3
a a + 1 4 x 54 2 2
1 1 π π π 
⇒ = a = 8 or a = −9 ⇒ points of discontinuity  , , , π  .
a (a + 1) 72 6 3 2 

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162 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π
1 1 0  
(C) f 3 :  −1, e 2 − 2  → R
(C) 1 2 0 = π ⇒ volume of parallelepiped = π  
1 1 π f3 ( x ) = [sin(log e ( x + 2))]
 
(D) | a + b |= 3 π
∵ −1 < x < e 2 − 2
⇒ 2 + 2 cos α = 3 π

π 1< x + 2 < e2
⇒ 2 + 2cosα = 3 ⇒ α = .
3 π
⇒ 0 < log e ( x + 2) <
2
 x2 , x<0
68. (a) f 2 ( f1 ) =  2 x ⇒ 0 < sin(log e ( x + 2)) < 1
e , x≥0
⇒ [sin(log e ( x + 2))] = 0
f 4 : R → [0, ∞)
⇒ f3 ( x ) = 0
 f ( f ( x )) , x<0 x2 , x<
f 4 ( x) =  2 1 =  2 x −1 ⇒ f3 ( x ) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0
 f 2 ( f1 ( x )) − 1 , x ≥ 0 e , x≥0
 2 1
 x sin   ; x ≠ 0
(D) f4 : R → R f 4 ( x) =  x
 0 ; x=0
y = f1 ( x) y = f 2 ( x) 
1
lim f 4 ( x ) = lim x 2 sin   = 0
x →0 x →0
x
y = f3 ( x)
= Value of f 4 ( x ) at X = 0
⇒ f 4 ( x ) is continuous at x = 0
0 y = f 2 ( f1 ( x)) 1
sin  
f (0 + h) − f (0)
= lim   = 0
h
Now, f (0+ ) = lim
h →0 h h→0 1
y = f 4 ( x) h
1
sin  
f (0 − h) − f (0)
= lim   = 0
h
f '(0+ ) = lim
h →0 h h→0 1
69. (d) (A) f1 : R 
→R h

( 1− e ) = sin  1− e1 

− x2
  ⇒ f ( x ) is differentiable at x = 0
t1 ( x) = sin 2
x
1 1 1
Now, f 4 '( x ) = 2 × sin   − x 2 ⋅ 2 cos  
f1 ( x ) is continuous everywhere, but f1 '(0) does not exist,  
x x x
therefore f1 ( x ) is not differentiable function at x = 0. 1 1
= 2 × sin   − cos   is oscillating
 x x
 π π
(B) f2 :  − ,  → R Function which discontinuous at x = 0
 2 2
70. (b) f ′( x) = g ( x) cos x + sin x.g ′( x )
 sin x
 −1 ; x < 0 ⇒ f ′(0) = g (0) f ′( x) = 2 g ′( x)cos x − g ( x)sin x + sin x g ′′( x)
 tan x
f2 ( x) =  1 ; x=0 ⇒ f ′(0) = 2 g ′(0) = 0
 sin x But lim[ g ( x) cot x − g (0)cosec x ]
 ; x>0 x →0
 tan −1 x
g ( x)cos x − g (0)
LHL at x = 0 is –1 = lim
x→0 sin x
RHL at x = 0 is 1 g ′( x ) cos x − g ( x )sin x
= lim = g ′(0) = 0 = f ′′(0).
∴ f 2 ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0. x→0 cos x

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 163
y x
71. (b)
76. (0) f ( x ) = ∫ f (t )dt. ⇒ f (0) = 0
0

Also, f '( x) = f ( x), x > (0) ⇒ f ( x ) = ke x , x > 0

x
∵ f (0) = 0 and f ( x) is continuous ⇒ f ( x) = 0∀x > 0
∴ f (In5) = 0.
77. (0) Let P ( x ) = ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e P '(1) = P '(2) = 0
Line y = x intersect the curve y = ke x at exactly
one point when k ≤ 0 .  x 2 + P( x) 
lim  =2
x→0
 x2 
72. (a) Let f ( x) = ke x − x
⇒ P(0) = 0 ⇒ e = 0
⇒ f ′( x) = ke x − 1 = 0
 2 x + P '( x) 
⇒ x = − ln k lim  =2
x →0
 2x 
⇒ f ′( x) = ke x
 2 + P ''( x) 
⇒ f ′( x) |x =− ln k = 1 > 0 ⇒ P '(0) = 0 ⇒ d = 0 lim  =2
x→0
 2 
Hence f (− ln k ) = 1 + ln k
⇒ c =1
For one root of given equation 1 + ln k = 0
On solving, a = 1/ 4, b = −1
1
Hence k = x4
e So P( x) = − x3 + x 2 ⇒ P(2) = 0.
4
73. (a) For two distinct roots 1 + ln k < 0 (k > 0)
78. (4)
⇒ 1 + ln < −1 1

⇒ k>1
e –2 –1 1 2 3
 1
Hence k k ∈  0,   x − 1, 1 ≤ x < 2
 e f ( x) =  f (x) is periodic with period 2
1 − x , 0 ≤ x < 1
74. (d) Let g ( x ) = e − x f ( x ) and g ′′( x ) > 1 > 0 10

So, g ( x ) is concave upward and g (0) = g (1) = 0 ∴ I=

−10
∫ f ( x ) cos π x dx
Hence, g ( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (0, 1) 10 2

⇒ e − x f ( x ) < 0 f ( x ) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (0, 1) = 2 ∫ f ( x ) cos π x dx = 2 × 5 ∫ f ( x ) cos π x dx

0 0
75. f ( x − y ) = f ( x) g ( y ) − f ( y ) g ( x) . . .(i)
 1 2

10 =  ∫ (1 − x) cos π xdx + ∫ ( x − 1) cos π x dx  = 10( I1 + I 2 )
Put x = y in (i), we get f (0) = 0 0 1 
Put y = 0 in (i), we get g (0) = 1 2 1

f (0 + h ) − f (0) f (0) g ( − h ) − g (0) f ( −h ) − f (0)

I 2 = ∫ ( x − 1) cos π x dx put x −1 = t I 2 = − ∫ t cos π t dt
Now, f ′(0 + ) = lim+ = lim+ 1 0
h →0 h h→ 0 h
1 1
f (− h)
= lim+ (∵ f (0) = 0) I1 = − ∫ (1 − x)cos π x dx = − ∫ x cos(π x )dx
h→0 −h 0 0
f (0 − h) − f (0)
= lim+ = f ′(0 − )  1 
h→ 0 −h ∴ I = 10  −2∫ x cos π x dx 
Hence f ( x) is differentiable at x = 0  0 
1
Put y = x in g ( x − y ) = g ( x) ⋅ g ( y ) + f ( x) ⋅ f ( y )  sin π x cos π x 
= −20  x +
Also f 2 ( x ) + g 2 ( x ) = 1 ⇒ g 2 ( x) = 1 − f 2 ( x)  π π 2  0

⇒ 2 g ′(0) g (0) = −2 f (0) f ′(0) = 0  1 1  40 π 2

= −20  − 2 − 2  = 2 ∴ I = 4
⇒ g ′(0) = 0  π π  π 10

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164 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
x
( )
cos α n
79. (6) 6 ∫ f (t)dt = 3 × f (x) − x 3 e −e e
83. (2) lim =−
1 α →0 α m
2
Differentiating both sides 6f (x) = 3f (x) + 3xf ′(x) − 3x 2
lim
(
e e (cos( α ) n −1)
) (cosα n
− 1)
 1
⇒ xf ′(x) − f (x) = x ⇒ f ′(x) + f (x)  −  = x
2 α →0
( cos(α n
)
) −1 α α m 2n

 x
e
1
− dx 1 α 2n = − if and only if 2n − m = 0
Integration factor f (x) = e x
= 2
x
1 1 2 β 3 x3 β 5 x 5 
Solution is given by f (x) = ∫ x.   dx + c = x + c x  β x − + − ...... 
x x x sin β x
2
3! 5!
84. (7) lim = lim  
x →0 α x − sin x x →0  3 5

⇒ cx. Now, f (1) = 2 ⇒ c = 1
f (x) = x 2 + cx x x
α x −  x − − − ....... 
 3! 5! 
∴ f (x) = x 2 + x
f (2) = 6  β 3 x2 
x3  β − + ..... 
 3!  =1
80. (3) f : [0, 4π ] → [0, π ], f ( x) = cos −1 (cos x) = lim 3
x →0 x x5
(α − 1) x + − + .......
10 − x 3! 5!
⇒ Point A, B, C satisfy f ( x) =
10 ⇒ α −1 = 0
Hence, 3 points ⇒ α = 1, Limit = 6β = 1
π
1
y = cos −1 (cos x ) ⇒ β=
A 6
1 B C 4π  1 7
⇒ 6(α + β ) = 6  1 +  = 6 × = 7
0 π 2π 3π 10  6  6
x
y = 1−
10 1
1
1− x 85. (1) yn = (( n + 1)( n + 2)...( n + n )) n
 −ax + sin( x − 1) + a 1− x 1 n
81. (2) lim   =
x →1
 x + sin( x − 1) − 1  4 1
  1   2   n  n
(1+ x ) =  1 +   1 +  ... 1 +  
 sin( x − 1)   n  n   n 
 ( x − 1) − a  1
lim   = 1
x →1  sin( x − 1)  4   1   2   n n
 ( x − 1) + 1  L = lim  1 +   1 +  ... 1 +  
  n →∞
 n  n   n 
2
 1− a  1 1 n
 r
⇒ 
 2 
 = ⇒ a = 0, a = 2 ⇒ a = 2
4
log L = lim
n →∞
∑ log 1 + n 
n r =1  
1

 x 2 + 1, x ∈ (−∞, −1] = ∫ log(1 + x ) dx


 − x + 1, x ∈ [−1, 0]
0
82. (3)
h( x ) =  2 2
4
 x + 1, x ∈ [0,1] = ∫ log x ⋅ dx = [ x log x − x ]12 = log
 x + 1 , x ∈ [1, ∞) e
−1
1
1
Hence, not differentiable at x = −1, 0,1 ⇒ [ L] = 1

  

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Differentiation 165

14 Differentiation
QUICK LOOK d (tan −1 x) 1

=
dx 1 + x2
Definition of Differential Coefficients
d (cot −1 x) −1
If y = f ( x ) be a function then
=
dx 1 + x2

differential coefficient of y w.r.t. x is
d (sec −1 x) 1
dy f ( x + h) − f ( x)
=
or f ′( x) = lim dx | x | x2 −1
dx h →0 h

differential coefficients of d (cos ec −1 x ) −1

=
y w.r.t. at x = a is dx | x | x2 − 1
 dy  f ( a + h) − f ( a)
  or f ′( a ) = lim Note
 dx  x = a h → 0 h
d (sec−1 x) d cos−1 (1/ x) −1  1 
= = · − 2  , sing chain
dx dx 1 − (1/ x)2  x 
Differential Coefficients of Standard Function
rule
d ( xn )

= nxn−1 1 |x| 1
dx = = = .
x 2
1 − (1/ x )2
x 2
x −1
2
| x | x2 −1
d (c)

=0
dx
Rules for Differentiation
d (log e x) 1

= where x > 0
If y = u ( x ) ± v ( x ) ± w( x ) ± .... then
dx x
dy du( x) dv( x) dw( x)
d (e x ) x = ± ± ± ....

=e dx dx dx dx
dx
(term-by-term differentiation) Differentiation of a term:
d (a x )

= a x ·loge a where a > 0 d
{kf ( x)} = k
df ( x)
dx

dx dx
d (sin x)

= cos x d
{u ( x)·v( x)} =
du ( x)
·v( x) + u( x)·
dv( x)
dx
(product rule)
dx dx dx
d (cos x)

= − sin x du ( x )
·v( x) − u ( x)·
dv ( x )
dx d  u ( x)  dx dx (quotient rule)

 =
d (tan x) dx  v ( x)  {v ( x)}2

= sec 2 x
dx d du{v( x)} dv( x)
d (sec x)
[u{v( x)}] = × (chain rule)

= sec x·tan x dx d{v( x)} dx
dx
d du[v{w( x)} dv{w( x)} dw( x)
d (cot x) u[v{w( x)}] = × ×

= − cosec2 x dx dv{w( x)} dw( x) dx
dx
d
d (cos ec x)
{ f ( x)}φ ( x ) = d .c. of { f ( x )}φ ( x )

= − cosec2 x ·cot x dx
dx w.r.t. taking φ ( x ) as a constant + d.c. of { f ( x ) as
d (sin −1 x) 1

= df ( x)
dx 1 − x2 a constant = φ ( x ).{ f ( x )}φ ( x )−1. + { f ( x)}φ ( x ) .
dx
d (cos −1 x ) −1 dφ ( x)

= log f ( x). (rule of logarithmic differentiation).
dx 1 − x2 dx

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166 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Differentiation of Function Represented Parametrically Multiple Choice Questions
If y is a function of x such that x = φ (t ), y = ψ (t ) One and More than One Correct
where t is the parameter then
dy
dy 1. If y = sec(tan −1 x), then at x = 1 is equal to
dy dt ψ ′ (t ) dx
= , i.e., . [JEE Main 2013]
dx dx φ ′ (t )
dt 1 1
a. b.
2 2
Differentiation of One Function w.r.t. Another Function
c. 1 d. 2
If y = φ ( x ) and = ψ ( x )
 1  6x x 
If for x∈  0,  , the derivative of tan −1 
 1 − 9 x 3 
dy 2. is
dy dx φ ′( x)  4  
then = , i.e., .
dz dz ψ ′( x) x ⋅ g ( x ), then g ( x ) equals [JEE Main 2017]
dx
3x 3
a. b.
Relation between 1 − 9 x3 1 + 9 x3
dy dx dy dx
and × =1 c.
9
d.
3x x
dx dy dx dy
1 + 9 x3 1 − 9 x3
Higher Derivatives of a Function 2
  3 cos x + sin x    π dy
dy If 2 y =  cot −1 
 cos x − 3 sin x   , x ∈  0, 2  ,

If y = f ( x ) then the derivative of 3. then
 dx
dx   
w.r.t. x is called the second derivative of y w.r.t. and it is is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
d2y π π
denoted by . a. 2 x − b. −x
dx 2 3 3

d 2 y d  dy  d 3 y d  d 2 y  π π

=  ; =  c. −x d. x −
 6 6
dx 2 dx  dx  dx 3 dx  dx 2 

If y is a function of x given parametrically by 4. If f(1) = 1, ƒ'(1) = 3, then the derivative of ƒ(ƒ(ƒ(x))) +
y = φ (t ), x = ψ (t ) then (ƒ(x))2 at x = 1 is: [JEE Main 2019]
d  φ ′(t )  a. 12 b. 33
  c. 9 d. 15
d 2 y d  dy  d  φ ′(t )  dt  ψ ′(t ) 

=   =   = .
dx 2 dx  dx  dx  ψ ′(t )  dx
5. If x loge (loge x) – x2 + y2 = 4(y > 0), then dy/dx at x = e is
dt
equal to [JEE Main 2019]
Differentiation of a Function Given in the Form of a e (1 + 2e)
a. b.
Determinant 4+e 2
2 4 + e2
u ( x) v ( x) w( x ) (2e − 1) (1 + 2e)
If y = p( x) q( x) r ( x ) then c. d.
2 4+e 2
4 + e2
λ ( x ) µ( x ) v( x)
x d−x
u ′( x) v′( x) w′( x) u ( x) v( x) w( x) 6. Let f ( x) = = , x∈R where a, b
dy a +x
2 2
b + (d − x) 2
2
= p ( x) q( x) r ( x) + p ′( x) q′( x) r ′( x)
dx
λ ( x) µ( x ) v( x) λ ( x) µ( x ) v( x) and d are non-zero real constants. Then:
[JEE Main 2019]
u ( x) v( x ) w( x)
a. f is a decreasing function of x
+ p( x) q( x) r ( x) b. f is neither increasing nor decreasing function of x
λ ′( x) µ′( x) v′( x) c. f' is not a continuous function of x
The differentiation can also be done column wise. d. f is an increasing function of x

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Differentiation 167
Paragraph  3 1 
 cos x + sin x 
Paragraph for Question No. 7 3. (d) consider cot −1  2 2 
 1 3 
Let F : R → R be a thrice differentiable function. Suppose that  sin x − sin x 
 2 2 
1 
F (1) = 0, F (3) = −4 and F ′( x ) < 0 for all x ∈  , 3  . Let  π
2  
 sin  x + 3  
= cot  −1  
f ( x) = xF ( x ) for all x ∈ R. [JEE Adv. 2015 P -II]
  π 
 cos  x + 3  
  
7. The correct statement(s) is (are)
  π 
a. f ′(1) < 0 = cot −1  tan  x +  
  3 
b. f (2) < 0
π   π 
= − tan −1  tan  x +  
c. f ′( x ) ≠ 0 for any x ∈ (1, 3) 2   3 
d. f ′( x) = 0 for some x ∈ (1, 3) π  π  π  π
 2 −  x + 3  =  6 − x ; 0<x<
     6

 π −   x − π  − π  =  7π − x  ; π < x < π
Integer & Subjective
  sin θ    2   3
  
  6

 6 2
8. Let f (θ ) = sin  tan −1  , [JEE Main 2019]
  cos 2θ    π 2
 π
 − x  ; 0 < x <
π π  6  6
where − <θ < . ∴ 2y = 
4 4 2
 7π  π π
d  6 − x  ; 6 < x < 2
Then the value of ( f (θ)) is  
d (tan θ)

 π  π
 2  6 − x  ⋅ (−1); 0 < x < 6


9. Let a = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ & b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ be two vectors. Consider dy   




∴ 2 =
a vector c = α a + β b , α , β ∈ R. If the projection of c on the dx   7π  π π
2 − x  ⋅ (−1); <x<


  6  6 2
vector ( a + b ) is 3 2, then the minimum value of





(c − ( a × b )).c equal to [JEE Main 2019] 4. (b) y = ƒ(ƒ(ƒ(x))) + (ƒ(x))2
dy
= ƒ'(ƒ(ƒ(x)))ƒ'(ƒ(x))ƒ'(x) + 2ƒ(x)ƒ'(x)
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS dx
= ƒ'(1)ƒ'(1)ƒ'(1) + 2ƒ(1)ƒ'(1)
1. (a) y = sec(tan −1 x) =3×5×3+2×1×3
dy 1 = 27 + 6= 33
⇒ = sec(tan −1 x ).tan (tan −1 x ).
dx 1 + x2 5. (c) Differentiating with respect to x
 dy  2 1 1 1 dy
⇒  dx  = 1 + 1 = x⋅ ⋅ + ℓn (ℓnx ) − 2 x + 2 y. =0
  x =1 2 ℓnx x dx
at x = e we get
−1 
6x x 
(c) Let y = tan 
 1 − 9 x3 
2. dy
  1 − 2e + 2 y =0
dx
 1 dy 2e − 1
where x ∈  0,  =
 4 ⇒
dx 2y
 2 ⋅ (3x3/ 2 )  2e − 1
= tan −1  dy
 1 − (3x3/ 2 )  ⇒ =
  dx 2 4 + e 2
= 2 tan −1 (3 x 3/ 2 ) as y ( e ) = 4 + e2

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168 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
x d−x sin θ
6. (d) f ( x) = = 8. (1) f (θ ) = sin tan –1
a +x
2 2
b + (d − x )
2 2
2 cosθ
a 2
b 2
 sin θ 
f ′( x) = + 2 > 0∀xR = sin  sin −1 
(a + x )
2 2 3/ 2
(b + (d − x )2 )3 / 2  sin θ + cos 2θ 
2

f(x) is an increasing function sin θ

=
 3 sin θ + (cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
2
As 3 x 3/ 2 ∈  0, 
 8
sin θ sin θ
dy 1 3 9 = = = tan θ
∴ = 2× × 3 × × x1/ 2 = x | cos θ | cos θ
dx 1 + 9x 3
2 1 + 9 x3
9 d d(tan θ )
∴ g ( x) = f (θ ) = =1
1 + 9 x3 d(tan θ ) d(tan θ )
7. (a,b,c) (a) f ′( x ) = f ( x ) + xF ′( x )

9. (18) c = α (2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ) + β (iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ)
f ′(1) = F (1) + F ′(1)


f ′(1) = F ′(1) < 0 ⇒ c = (2α + β )iˆ + (α + 2β ) ˆj + (β − α )kˆ
f ′(1) < 0



c .(a + b )
(b) F (2) = 2 F (2)

=2 2
|a +b |
F ( x ) is decreasing and F (1) = 0 ⇒ 9(α + β ) = 18
Hence F (2) < 0




⇒ α + β = 2 (c − a × b ).c
⇒ f (2) < 0






= (α a + β b − a × b ) ⋅ (α a + β b )
(c) f ′( x ) = F ( x ) + xF ′( x )
= 6α 2 + 6αβ + 6β 2
F ( x ) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 3)
F ′( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 3) = 6[α 2 + α (2 − α ) + (2 − α ) 2 ]
Hence f ′( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 3) = 6(α 2 − 2α + 4) = min value 18

  

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Applications of Derivatives 169

15 Applications of Derivatives
QUICK LOOK Approximate Estimation

If y = f ( x ) and very small change dx takes place in the
Can a Tangent Cross the Curve: A tangent to a curve will not
value of x when it is a then the corresponding change dy in
cross the curve in most cases, but it is possible? For example,
consider the function y = x 3 . the tangent at x = 0 has slope 0 the value of y is
 dy 
and crosses the curve, as shown below. If you consider this δy=  .δ x (approximately)
figure carefully, the reason that the tangent crosses the curve is  dx  x = a
because the concavity of the graph is changing (from concave
If x is a variable then the percent error in calculation of
downwards to concave upwards) at x = 0. technically, x = 0 is dx
a point of inflexion. At any point of inflexion for a given curve, x = × 100
x
the tangent will cross the curve.
y y = x3 Maximum and Minimum
Relative (Local) Maximum and Minimum of Functions of
one Variable

A function f ( x ) is said to have a local maximum
0 x
Tangent at x (minimum) at x = a if for a − h < x < a + h , f ( a ) is the
greatest (least) where h is an arbitrary positive number
(which may be taken very small).
Figure 15.1 ∴ f ( a ) > f ( x ), x ∈ ( a − h , a + h )

Geometrical Meaning of
dy
and its use ⇒ f ( x ) has a local maximum at x=a and
dx f ( a ) < f ( x ), x ∈ ( a − h , a + h )
 dy 

  = slope of the tangent to the curve y = f ( x ) at ⇒ f ( x ) has a local minimum at x = a.
 dx α , β
point (a, b) Note

The equation of the tangent to the curve y = f ( x ) at the (i) A function may have local maximum (minimum) at more
dy
point (a, b) is y − β =  dy  .( x − a ). as rate measurer than one point.
 dx α ,β dx (ii) The value of the function at a local maximum may be less
dx than the value of the function at a local minimum.

If x = x (t ) where t is the time then = rate of change of x.
dt
Global Maximum and Minimum
dy rate of change of y

If y = f ( x ) then = .
A function f ( x ) is said to have a global maximum
dx rate of change of x
(minimum) at a point x = a if f ( a ) is the greatest (least)
dx

If x is the displacement then = rate of change of among the values of f ( x ) at all the points of the interval of
dt
d  dx  values of x.
displacement at time t = velocity at time t   , i.e.,
dt  dt 
Determination of Points of Local Maximum of Minimum
d 2x
= rate of change of velocity at time t = acceleration at
If the function f ( x ) is differentiable in R then at the points
dt 2
of extremum, i.e., local maximum or minimum, the
time t
dx dx dx following will hold:

= rate of increase iff >0 = rate of decrease iff dy
dt dt dt
f ′( x), i.e., = 0
dx dx
<0
If at x = α , f '(α ) = 0 and
dt
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170 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(i) f'' (α) < 0 then at x = α the function f(x) has a local Monotonic Function & Lagrange’s Theorem
maximum and the maximum value is f(α). Increasing and decreasing functions at a point
(ii) f'' (α) > 0 then at x = α, f(x) has a local minimum and the
A function f(x) is an increasing function at x = a if
minimum value is f(α).
A function f(x) is a decreasing function at x = a if f '( a ) < 0.

Note Monotinic (or monotone) function in an interval

If f ''(α ) = 0, nothing can be concluded. In this case we have to
If a function f(x),x belonging to an interval, be such that
take help of other methods. f(x)goes on increasing as x increases in the interval then f(x)

If at x = α , f '(α ) = 0 and is said to be monotone increasing or monotonically
increasing or simply monotonic increasing (m.i.) in the
(i) f '(α − ∈) > 0, f '(α + ∈) < 0
interval.
then x = α is a point of local maximum. If f '( x ) > 0 for a < x < b then f ( x ) is m.i. in ( a , b ).
(ii) f '(α − ∈) < 0, f '(α + ∈) > 0
If f '( x ) > 0 for a ≤ x ≤ b then f ( x ) is m.i. in [a, b].
then x = α is a point of local maximum.

If a function f ( x ), x belonging to an interval, be such that
(iii) f '(α − ∈) and f '(α + ∈) both have the same sign then
f(x) goes on decreasing as x increases in the interval then
x = α is a point of neither maximum nor minimum. f(x) is said to be monotonic decreasing (m.d.) in the interval.
If f '( x ) < 0 for a < x < b then f ( x ) is m.i. in (a, b).
Note
The above knowledge points give the method of finding If f '( x ) < 0 for a ≤ x ≤ b then f ( x ) is m.i. in [a, b].
maximum or minimum value of a function of one variable. If a
f ( x ) is m.i. in (a, b) ⇒ f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 ) if x1 > x 2 in ( a , b )
student is required to find the maximum or minimum value of a f ( x ) is m.d. in (a, b) ⇒ f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 ) if x1 > x 2 in ( a , b )
function of two or more variables, where the variables are
connected by one or more relations, then change the function into Note
a function of one variable by using the relation(s), and then work (i) In the above, monotonicity is in the strict sense. If
with the resulting function of one variable. f '( x ) ≥ 0 then also we say f ( x ) is m.i.
(ii) If f ''( x ) > 0 in (a, b) then f '( x ) is m.i. in (a, b) If
Critical Points, Point of Inflection
f ''( x ) < 0 in (a, b) then f '( x ) is m.d. in (a, b)

The function y = f ( x) has a critical point at x = α if
(iii) The sketch of monotonic functions is as follows:
f '(α ) = 0 or f '(α ) does not exist. Y Y

A function can have maximum or minimum at critical
points. y = f ( x) y = f ( x)

The function y = f ( x) has a point of inflection at x = α if
(i) f ''(α ) = 0 or does not exist and
O a b X O a b X
(ii) f' (α) exists and f ''(α − ∈), f ''(α + ∈) have opposite signs. y = f ( x ) is m.i. in [a , b ] y = f ( x ) is m.d. in [ a , b]
Figure 15. 2

Maximum or Minimum Value of a Function in a Closed Greatest and Least Value of a Monotonic Function in a
Interval Closed Interval

The maximum or minimum value of a function in a closed
If f(x) is m.i. in [a, b] then in the interval, the greatest value
interval is generally used in the global sense of the term. of f ( x ) = f ( b ) the least value of f ( x ) = f ( a ).
For the function y = f ( x ), x ∈ [ a , b ]
If f(x) is m.d. in [a, b] then in the interval, the greatest value

m ax f ( x ) = greatest among f ( a ), f ( b ), f (α ) of f ( x ) = f ( a ) the least value of f ( x ) = f ( b ).

min f ( x ) = least among f ( a ), f ( b ), f (α )
If f(x) is m.i. in [a, b] and m.d. in [b, c] then in [a, c], the
greatest value of f ( x ) = f ( b ) the least value of
where α is a critical point of f ( x ) over [a, b].
f ( x ) = min{ f ( a ), f ( c )}.
Convexity and Concavity of a Curve
If f(x) is m.d. in [a, b] and m.i. in [b, c] then in [a, c], the

If f ''( x) < 0, x ∈ (a, b) then the curve y = f ( x) is convex in (a,b). greatest value of f ( x ) = max{ f ( a ), f ( c )} the least value of

If f ''( x) > 0, x ∈ (a, b) then the curve y = f ( x) is concave in (a,b). f ( x ) = f ( b ).

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Applications of Derivatives 171

Y Y dy
m.i. a. equation of curve x − 3y = 0
m.i. dx
m.d. m.d. b. normal at (1, 1) is x + 3 y = 4
c. curve passes through (2, 1/ 8)
a O b c X a O b c X dy
d. equation of curve is x + 3y = 0
Figure 15.3 dx
Invertibility of a Function
Let f : [ a , b ] → [ c , d ] be a function. Then f is invertible if f is an 3. f(x) is cubic polynomial which has local maximum at
one-one and onto function. x = −1. If f (2) = 18, f (1) = −1 and f ′( x ) has local

A sufficient condition for f to be invertible is that f is strictly minima at x = 0, then [JEE 2006]
m.i. (or m.d.) over the interval [a, b]
a. the distance between (–1,2) and ( a, f ( a )), where x = a
Note: A function may be invertible through it is non- is the point of local minima is 2 5
monotonic.
b. f ( x) is increasing for x ∈ [1, 2 5]
Example: y = x, x is rational, − x , x irrational.
c. f ( x) has local minima at x = 1
The inverse function is x = y, y is rational, − y , y is irrational.
d. the value of f (0) = 5
Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Theorems
d 2x
If f ( x ) be a continuous function in [a, b] and f ( x ) is 4. equals [JEE 2007 P-II]
dy 2
differentiable in (a, b) then
−1 −1 −3

f ( a ) = f ( b ) ⇒ f '( c ) = 0 where a < c < b (Rolle’s Theorem)  d2y   d 2 y   dy 
a.  2  b. −  2   
f (b ) − f ( a )  dx   dx   dx 

= f ′(c ) where a < c < b (Lagrange’s Theorem)
b−a  d 2 y   dy 
−2
 d 2 y   dy 
−3

c.  2    d. −  2   
Use of Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Theorems in Equations  dx   dx   dx   dx 

If the equation f ( x ) = 0 has two unequal real roots α and
dy 1 − y2
β (α < β ) then f '( x ) = 0 will have a real root γ such that 5. The differential equation = determines a
dx y
α < γ < β.
family of circles with [JEE 2007 P-II]

If α , β are real such that f (α ) and f ( β ) are of opposite
a. variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, 1)
signs then f ( x ) = 0 has a real root lying between α and β .
b. variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, − 1)

If f ( x ) = 0 has two real roots α , α (repeated root) then
c. fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the x-axis
f '( x ) = 0 will have a root α .
d. fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the y-axis
Multiple Choice Questions
6. Let f ( x) = 2 + cos x for all real x.
One and More than One Correct
Statement-I For each real t, there exists a point c in
2
  x  [t, t + π ] such that f ′(c) = 0. [JEE 2007 P-II]
1. If f ''( x) = − f ( x) and g ( x) = f '( x ) and f ( x) =  f   
  2  and
2
  x  Statement-II f (t ) = f (t + 2π ) for each real t.
+  g    and given that F (5) = 5, then F (10) is equal to
  2  a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
a. 5 b. 10 [JEE 2006] is a correct explanation for Statement-I
c. 0 d. 15 b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
2. A tangent drawn to the curve y = f ( x) at P ( x , y ) cuts the is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
x-axis and y-axis at A and B respectively such that c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
BP : AP = 3 :1, given that f (1) = 1, then [JEE 2006] d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

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172 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
7. The total number of local maxima and local minima of the c. for all x in the interval [1, ∞),f (x + 2) − f (x) > 2
(2 + x) , −3 < x ≤ −1
3
d. f ’ (x) is strcily decreasing in the interval [1, ∞)
function f ( x) =  2 / 3 is
 x , −1 < x < 2
12. Let f, g and h be real-valued functions defined on the
[JEE 2008 P-I] 2 2
interval [0, 1] by f ( x ) = e x + e − x , g ( x ) = xe x + e − x and
2 2

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
2 2

8. Let f ( x) be a non-constant twice differentiable function h ( x ) = x 2 e x + e − x . If a, b and c denote, respectively, the

absolute maximum of f, g and h on [0, 1] then
defined on (−∞, ∞) such that f ( x) = f (1 − x) and
[JEE 2010 P-I]
1 b. a = c and a ≠ b
f ′   = 0. Then [JEE 2008 P-I] a. a = b and c ≠ b
4 c. a ≠ b and c ≠ b d. a = b = c
a. f ′′( x) vanishes at least twice on [0, 1]
13. Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval (−1, 1)
1 x
b. f ′   = 0
2
such that e − x f ( x ) = 2 + ∫
0
t 4 + 1dt , for all x ∈ (−1,1) and
1/ 2
 1 −1
let f be the inverse function of f. Then ( f 1 ) ' (2) is
c. ∫
−1/ 2
f  x +  sin x dx = 0
 2
equal to [JEE 2010 P-II]
1/ 2 1
a. 1 b. 1/3
∫ f (t ) e ∫
sin π t
d. dt = f (1 − 1)esin π t dt
0 1/ 2
c. 1/2 d. 1/e

9. Let g ( x) = log( f ( x)) where f ( x ) is a twice differentiable b−x

14. Let f : (0, 1) → ℝ be defined by f (x) = , where be is
1 − bx
positive function on (0, ∞) such that f ( x + 1) = x f ( x).
a constant such that 0 < b < 1. Then [JEE 2011 P-II]
Then, for N = 1, 2, 3, ..., [JEE 2008 P-II]
a. f is not invertible on (0, 1)
 1 1 1  1
a. −4 1 + + + ... + 2 b. f ≠ f −1 on (0, 1) and f ′(b) =
 9 25 (2 N − 1)  f ′(0)
 1 1 1  1
b. 4 1 + + + ... + 2 c. f = f −1 on (0, 1) f ′(b) =
 9 25 (2 N − 1)  f ′(0)
 1 1 1  d. f −1 is differentiable on (0, 1)
c. −4 1 + + + ... + 2
 9 25 (2 N + 1)  x

15. If f ( x) = ∫ et (t − 2) (t − 3) dt for all x ∈ (0, ∞), then

2

 1 1 1 
d. 4 1 + + + ... + 2
0

 9 25 (2 N + 1)  [JEE 2012 P-II]

a. f has a local maximum at x = 2
 π π
10. Let the function g : (−∞, ∞) →  − ,  be given by b. f is decreasing on (2, 3)
 2 2
c. there exists some c ∈ (0, ∞) such that f ′′(c) = 0
π
g (u ) = 2 tan −1 (eu ) −. Then, g is [JEE 2008 P-II] d. f has a local minimum at x = 3
2
a. even and is strictly increasing in (0, ∞ )
16. A curves passes through the point 1, π . Let the slope of
b. odd and is strictly decreasing in ( −∞ , ∞ )  6
c. odd and is strictly increasing in ( −∞ , ∞ ) y  y
the curve at each point (x, y) be + sec   , x > 0. Then
d. neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in(–∝,∝) x x
the equation of the curve is [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
1
11. For function f (x) = x cos , x ≥ a = 1, [JEE 2009 P-II]  y 1 y
x a. sin   = log x + b. cosec   − log x + 2
x 2 x
a. for at least one x in interval [1, ∞], f ( x + 2) − f ( x) < 2
 2y   2y  1
b. lim f '(x) = 1 c. sec   = log x + 2 d. cos   = log x +
x →∞  x   x  2

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Applications of Derivatives 173

17. Let f ( x) = x sin π x, x > 0. Then for all natural numbers n, 23. The normal to the curve x + 2 xy − 3 y = 0, at (1, 1)
2 2

f ′( x ) vanishes at [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I] [JEE Main 2015]

a. does not meet the curve again
 1
a. a unique point in the interval  n, n +  b. meets the curve again in the second quadrant
 2 c. meets the curve again in the third quadrant
 1  d. meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant
b. a unique point in the interval  n + , n + 1
 2   
x/n
 n  n
 nn ( x + n )  x + .... x +  
2  
c. a unique point in the interval (n, n + 1)
24. Let f ( x ) = lim   n  , for
d. two points in the interval (n, n +1) n →∞   n2   2 n2 
( )
 n ! x 2 + n 2  x 2 +  ....  x + 2
4   n
 
18. A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having   

their lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted into an open all x > 0. Then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
a. f   ≥ f (1) b. f   ≤ f  
rectangular box by folding after removing squares of 1 1 2
equal area from all four corners. If the total area of 2 3 3
f ′(3) f ′(2)
removed squares is 100, the resulting box has maximum c. f ′ (2 ) ≤ 0 d. ≥
f (3) f (2)
volume. Then the lengths of the sides of the rectangular
sheet are [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I] 25. Let f : R → (0, ∞ ) and g : R → R be twice differentiable
a. 24 b. 32 c. 45 d. 60 functions such that f ′′ and g′′ are continuous functions on
19. At present, a film is manufacturing 2000 items. It is estimated R. Supposes f ′′(2) = g (2) = 0, f ′′( 2) ≠ 0, and g ′(2) ≠ 0. If
that the rate of change of production P w.r.t. additional f ( x) g ( x)
lim = 1, then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
dp x→2 f ′( x ) g ′( x )
number of workers x is given by = 100 − 12 x . If the
dx a. f has a local minimum at x = 2
firm employs 25 more workers, then the new level of b. f has a local maximum at x = 2
production of items is [JEE Main 2013] c. f ′′(2 ) > f (2 )
a. 2500 b. 3000 d. f ( x ) − f ′′( x ) = 0 for at least one x ∈ R
c. 3500 d. 4500
26. Twenty meters of wire is available for fencing off a flower-
20. The function f (x) = 2 | x | + | x + 2 | − || x + 2 | −2 | x || has a local bed in the form of a circular sector. Then the maximum area
minimum or a local maximum at x = [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II] (in sq. m) of the flower-bed, is [JEE Main 2017]
−2 a. 25 b. 30 c. 12.5 d. 10
a. –2 b.
3 27. Let f : ℝ → ( 0, 1) be a continuous function. Then, which
2 of the following function(s) has (have) the value zero at
c. 2 d.
3 some point in the interval (0, 1)? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
π
21. If x = −1 and x=2 are extreme points of 2

f ( x) = α log x + β x 2 + then: [JEE Main 2014] a. f ( x ) + ∫ f ( t ) sin t dt b. x9 − f ( x )

0
1 1 π
a. α = −6, β = b. α = −6, β = − 2
−x
x
2 2
c. x − ∫ f ( t ) cos t dt d. e x − ∫ f ( t ) sin t dt
1 1
c. α = 2, β = − d. α = 2, β = 0 0

2 2 28. If f : ℝ → ℝ is a twice differentiable function such that

1 1 1
22. If g is the inverse of a function f and f ′( x) = , then f "( x ) > 0 for all x ∈ ℝ , and f   = , f (1) = 1 , then
1 + x5 2 2
g ′( x) is equal to: [JEE Main 2014] [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II]
a. 1 + x5 b. 5x4 1 1
a. < f ' (1) ≤ 1 b. 0 < f ' (1) ≤
2 2
d. 1 + { g ( x )}
1 5
c.
1 + { g ( x )}
5
c. f ' (1) ≤ 0 d. f ' (1) > 1

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174 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
29. If f : ℝ → ℝ is a differentiable function such that 36. The height of a right circular cylinder of maximum
f ' ( x ) > 2 f ( x ) for x ∈ ℝ , and f ( 0 ) = 1 , then volume inscribed in a sphere of radius 3 is
[JEE Main 2019]
[JEE Adv. 2017 P-II]
a. 2 3 b. 3
a. f ( x ) is increasing in ( 0, ∞ )
2
b. f ' ( x ) < e2 x in ( 0, ∞ ) c. 6 d.
3
6

c. f ( x ) > e2 x in ( 0, ∞ ) 37. The maximum volume (in cu. m) of the right circular cone
d. f ( x ) is decreasing in ( 0, ∞ ) having slant height 3 m is. [JEE Main 2019]
a. 3 3 π b. 6π
1 1
30. Let f ( x) = x 2 + 2
and g ( x ) = x − , x ∈ R − {−1,0,1}. If
x x 4
c. 2 3 π d. π
f ( x) 3
h( x) = , then the local minimum value of h( x) is:
g ( x) d2y π
38. If x = 3 ant y = 3 sec t, then the value of 2
at t = is:
[JEE Main 2018] dx 4
a. 2 2 b. 3 [JEE Main 2019]
c. –3 d. −2 2 3 1
a. b.
2 2 3 2
Let S = {t ∈ R : f ( x) =| x − π | ⋅(e − 1)sin x is not differ-
x
31.
1 1
entiable at f}. Then the set S is equal to c. d.
[JEE Main 2018]
6 6 2
a. {0,π } b. φ (an empty set) 39. For each t∈R, let [t] be the greatest integer less than or
c. {0} d. {π } π 
(1− | x | + sin | 1 − x |) sin  [1 − x] 
32. The shortest distance between the line y = x and the curve
equal to t. Then, lim  2 
y2 = x – 2 is: [JEE Main 2019] x →1+ | 1 − x | [1 − x]
7 7 [JEE Main 2019]
a. b.
4 2 8 a. equals –1 b. equals 1
11 c. does not exist d. equals 0
c. d. 2
4 2 2
40. The tangent to the curve, y = xe x passing through the
2 2
33. If the tangents on the ellipse 4x + y = 8 at the points
point (1, e) also passes through the point
(1, 2) and (a, b) are perpendicular to each other, then a2 is
[JEE Main 2019]
equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
a. 64/17 b. 2/17 4 
a.  , 2e  b. (2,3e)
c. 128/17 d. 4/17 3 

34. If S1 and S2 are respectively the sets of local minimum and 5 

c.  , 2e  d. (3,6e)
local maximum points of the function, ƒ(x) = 9x4 + 12x3 – 3 
36x2 + 25, x∈ R, then: [JEE Main 2019] 41. A helicopter is flying along the curve given by y − x3/2 = 7,
a. S1 = {–2, 1}; S2 = {0} b. S1 = {–2, 0}; S2 = {1}
1 
c. S1 = {–2}; S2 = {0, 1} d. S1 = {–1}; S2 = {0, 2} ( x ≥ 0). A soldier positioned at the point  , 7  wants to
2 
35. Let ƒ : [0, 2] → R be a twice differentiable function such shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to him. Then
that ƒ''(x) > 0, for all x∈ (0, 2). If f(x) = ƒ(x) + ƒ(2 – x), this nearest distance is: [JEE Main 2019]
then f is: [JEE Main 2019]
1 1 7
a. decreasing on (0, 2) a. b.
2 3 3
b. decreasing on (0, 1) and increasing on (1, 2)
c. increasing on (0, 2) 1 7 5
c. d.
d. increasing on (0, 1) and decreasing on (1, 2) 6 3 6

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Applications of Derivatives 175
42. The maximum value of the function f(x) = 3x3 – 18x2 + 27x – sin π x
48. Let f ( x ) = , x > 0. Let x1 < x2 < x3 .... < xn < ..... be all
40 on the set S ={x ∈ R : x2 + 30 ≤ 11x} is: x2
[JEE Main 2019] points of local maximum of f ( x) and y1 < y2 < y3
a. 122 b. –222
< ... < yn < ... be all the points of local minimum of f ( x)
c. –122 d. 222
then correct option is/are [JEE Adv. 2019 P.II]
43. The maximum area (in sq. units) of a rectangle having its a. | x n − y n | > 1 for every n
base on the x-axis and its other two vertices on the b. x1 < y1
parabola, y = 12 – x2 such that the rectangle lies inside the
 1
parabola, is: [JEE Main 2019] c. xn ∈  2n, 2n +  for every n
 2
a. 20 2 b. 18 3
d. xn +1 − xn > 2 for every n
c. 32 d. 36

44. If the function f given by f(x) = x3 –3(a – 2)x2 + 3ax + 7, Matrix Match / Column Match
for some a ∈ R is increasing in (0, 1] and decreasing in 49. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the
f ( x) − 14 open intervals in Column II. [JEE 2009 P-I]
[1, 5), then a root of the equation, = 0( x ≠ 1) is:
( x − 1) 2 Column I Column II
[JEE Main 2019] (A) Interval contained in  π π
the domain of
1. − 2 , 2 
a. 6 b. 5  
definition of non-zero
c. 7 d. –7
solutions of the
45. The tangent to the curve y = x2 – 5x + 5, parallel to the line differential equation
2y = 4x + 1, also passes through the point. ( x − 3)2 y′ + y = 0
[JEE Main 2019] π
2.  0, 
(B) Interval containing the
1 7 7 1 value of the integral  2
a.  ,  b.  ,  5
4 2 2 4
 1  1 
∫ ( x − 1)( x − 2)
1
( x − 3)
c.  − , 7  d.  , −7 
 8  8  ( x − 4)( x − 5)dx

46. Equation of a tangent to the parabola, x2 = 8y, which

(C) Interval in which at
3.  π 5π 
least one of the points 8, 4 
makes an angle θ with the positive direction of x-axis, is:  
of local maximum of
[JEE Main 2019]
cos2 x + sin x lies
2

a. x = y cot θ + 2 tan θ b. x = y cot θ – 2 tan θ

(D) Interval in which tan–1  π
c. y = x tan θ – 2 cot θ d. y = x tan θ + 2 cot θ 4.  0, 8 
tan 1 (sin x + cos x) is  
47. Let T denote a curve y = f ( x) which is in the first increasing
(t) (−π , π )
quadrant and let the point (1, 0) lie on it. Let the tangent to
T at a point P intersect the y-axis at Yp and PYp has length a. A→ 1,2,3; B→ 1,5; C→ 1,2,3,5; D→ 4
1 for each point P on T. Then which of the following b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
option may be correct? [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I] c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
 1 + 1 − x2 
a. y = ℓn   − 1 − x2 50. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the
 x 
  values given in Column II. [JEE 2009 P-II]
b. xy '− 1 − x 2 = 0 Column I Column II
(A)The number of solutions of the 1. 1
 1 + 1 − x2  equation xesinx– cos = 0 in the
c. y = −ℓn   + 1 − x2
 x   π
  interval  0, 
 2
d. xy '+ 1 − x 2 = 0 (B) Value (s) of k for which the plane 2. 2

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176 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
kx + 4y + z = 0, 4x + ky + 2z = 0 (B) The domain of the 2. (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
and 2x + 2y + z = 0 intersect in a function f (x) = sin −1

straight line
x−2
(C) Value (s) of k for which 3. 3  8(3) 
|x –1| + |x –2| + |x +1| + |x +2| =  2(x −1)  is
 1− 3 
4k has integer solution (s)
(D) If y'y+1 and y(0) =1 then value 4. 4 (C) If 3. [2, ∞ )
(s) of y (ln2) 1 tanθ 1
5. 5 f (θ ) = − tanθ 1 tanθ ,
a. A→ 1; B→ 2,4; C→ 2,3,4,5; D→3 −1 − tan θ 1
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 then the set
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4  π
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 f (θ ) : 0 ≤ θ <  is
 2
51. Match the statements given in Column I with the values (D) If f (x) = x 3 / 2 (3x − 10), 4. (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞)
given in Column II. [JEE 2011 P-II]
x ≥ 0, then f(x) is
Column I Column II
 increasing in
(A) If a = ˆj + 3kˆ = −ˆj + 3kˆ π
1. 5. (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞)
 6
and c = 2 3kˆ form a
triangle, then the internal a. A→ 4; B→ 5; C→ 3; D→ 3
angle of the triangle b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
 
between a and b is c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
b
2π d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(B) If ∫ ( f ( x) − 3x)dx = a 2 − b 2 2.
a
3
π  53. Match the following: [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
then the value of f   is
6 Column I Column II
π2 π (A) The number of polynomials 1. 8
(C) The value of 3.
ln 3 3 f ( x) with non-negative
5/ 6
integer coefficients of degree
∫ sec(π x) dx is
7/6 ≤ 2, satisfying f (0) = 0 and
(D) The maximum value 4. π 1

Arg 
 1 
 for |z| =1,
∫ f ( x)dx = 1, is
1− z 
0

z ≠ 1 if is given by (B) The number of points in the 2. 2

π interval [− 13, 13] at which
5.
2 f ( x ) = sin( x 2 ) + cos( x 2 ) attains
a. A→ 2; B→ 1; C→ 4; D→5
its maximum value, is
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
2
3x2 3. 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(C) ∫ (1 + e x ) dx equals
−2

 1/ 2 4. 0
52. Match the statements given in Column I with the  1+ x  
 ∫ cos 2 x.log   dx 
interval/union of intervals given in Column II.  −1/ 2  1− x  
(D) 1/ 2 equals
[JEE 2011 P-II]   1+ x  
Column I Column II ∫ cos 2 x.log   
dx
0  1− x  
  2iz   1. (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞)
(A) The set Re  2 
: z is a. A→ 2; B→ 3; C→ 1; D→ 4
  1 − z  b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
a complex number,
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
| z |= 1, z ≠ ±1 is
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1

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Applications of Derivatives 177
Match the Column for Questions No. 54 to 56 58. If f ′′( x ) < 0 ∀x ∈ ( a, b) and c is a point such that
The information are given in the three columns of the following a < c < b , and (c, f (c )) is the point lying on the curve for
table. Columns I, II and III contain conics, equations of tangent which F ( c ) is maximum, then f ′( c ) is equal to
to the conics and points of contact, respectively. f (b ) − f ( a ) 2( f (b) − f (a))
[JEE Adv. 2017 P-I] a. b.
b−a b−a
Column I Column II Column III 2 f (b ) − f ( a )
(I) f ( x) = 0 for (i) lim f ( x) = 0 1. f is increasing c. d. 0
x→∞ 2b − a
in (0, 1)
some x ∈ (1, e )2

(II) f '( x) = 0 for (ii) lim f ( x) = −∞ 2. f is decreasing Paragraph for Question No. 59 to 61
x →∞
some x ∈ (1, e) in (e, e2 ) Consider the function f : (−∞, ∞) → (−∞, ∞) defined by
(III) f '( x) = 0 for (iii) lim f '(x) = −∞ 3. f ' is increasing x 2 − ax + 1
x→∞
in (0, 1) f ( x) = , 0 < a < 2. [JEE 2008 P-II]
some x ∈ (0, 1) x 2 + ax + 1
(IV) f "( x) = 0 for (iv) lim f "( x) = 0 4. f ' is decreasing 59. Which of the following is true?
x →∞
some x ∈ (1, e) in (e, e2 ) a. (2 + a ) 2 f ′′(1) + (2 − a ) 2 f ′′( −1) = 0
54. Which of the following options is the only correct b. (2 − a ) 2 f ′′(1) − (2 + a ) 2 f ′′( −1) = 0
combination? c. f ′(1) f ′(−1) = (2 − a ) 2
a. (I) (ii) (3) b. (IV) (i) (4)
d. f ′(1) f ′( −1) = − (2 + a ) 2
c. (III) (iv) (1) d. (II) (iii) (4)
60. Which of the following is true?
55. Which of the following option is the only correct
a. f (x) is decreasing on (–1,1) and has a local minimum at
combination?
a. (I) (i) (1) b. (II) (ii) (2) x=1
b. f (x)is increasing on (–1,1) and has a local maximum at
c. (III) (iii) (3) d. (IV) (iv) (4)
x=1
56. Which of the following options is the only incorrect c. f (x) is increasing on (–1,1) but has neither a local
combination? maximum nor a local minimum at x = 1
a. (II) (iii) (1) b. (I) (iii) (1) d. f (x) is decreasing on (–1,1) but has neither a local
c. (III) (i) (3) d. (II) (iv) (2) maximum nor a local minimum at x = 1

Paragraph 61. The 3 function f’ (x) is

 1  1 
Paragraph for Question No. 57 to 58 a. increasing in  −t , −  and decreasing in  − , t 
 4  4 
Suppose we define the definite integral using the following
 1  1 
b
formula ∫ f ( x) dx = b − a ( f (a) + f (b)), for more accurate result b. decreasing in  −t , −  and increasing in  − , t 
2  4  4 
a
c. increasing in (–t, t)
c−a b−c
for c ∈ ( a, b) F (c ) = ( f ( a ) + f (c)) + ( f (b) + f (c)). d. decreasing in (–t, t)
2 2
b−a
b
When c = a + b , ∫ f ( x) dx = ( f ( a ) + f (b) + 2 f (c )). Paragraph for Question No. 62 to 64
2 4
a
Let f (x) = (1–x)2 sin2 x + x2 10 for all x ∈ IR, and let
[JEE 2006]
 2(t − 1)
x

π /2 g ( x) = ∫  − lnt  f (t ) for all x ∈ (1, ∞). [JEE 2012 P-II]
+
57. ∫ sin x dx is equal to I  t 1 
0 62. Consider the statements:
π π P: There exists some x ∈ IR such that f ( x) + 2 x
a. (1 + 2) b. (1 + 2)
8 4
= 2(1 + x2 )
π π
c. d. Q: There exists some x ∈ IR such that 2 f ( x) + 1
8 2 4 2
= 2 x(1 + x) then

@iitjeehelps
178 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
a. both P and Q are true b. P is true and Q is false for all x ∈ R. If g is a function defined on R with values in
c. P is false and Q is true d. both P and Q are false the interval (0, ∞) such that f (x) = ln (g (x)), for all x ∈ R,
63. Which of the following is true? then the number of points in R at which g has a local
a. g is increasing on (1,∞) maximum is: [JEE 2010 P-II]
b. g is decreasing on(1,∞)
c. g is increasing on (1, 2) and decreasing on (2,∞) 73. Let y′(x) + y(x)g ′(x) = g(x)g′(x), y(0) = 0, x ∈ ℝ, where
d. g is decreasing on (1, 2) and increasing on (2,∞) df (x)
f ′(x) denotes and g(x) is a given non-constant
64. If the function e–x f(x) assumes its minimum in the interval dx
1 differentiable function on ℝ with g(0) = g(2) = 0. Then
[0,1] at x = , which of the following is true? the value of y(2) is: [JEE 2011 P-II]
4
1 3 1
a. f ′( x ) < f ( x ), < x < b. f ′( x ) > f ( x ), 0 < x < 74. Let p(x) be a real polynomial of least degree which has a
4 4 4 local maximum at x = 1 and a local minimum at x = 3. If
1 3
c. f ′( x ) < f ( x ), 0 < x < d. f ′( x ) < f ( x ), < x < 1 p(A) = 6 and p(C) = 2, then p’(0) is: [JEE 2012 P-I]
4 4
75. Let f :IR → IR be defined as f(x) = | x | + | x 2 − 1| . The total
Integer & Subjective number of points at which f attains either a local
65. If f ( x1 ) − f ( x2 ) < ( x1 − x2 ) 2 , for all x1 , x2 ∈ R. Find the maximum or a local minimum is: [JEE 2012 P-I]
equation of tangent to the curve y = f (x) at the point (1,2)
76. A cylindrical container is to be made from certain solid
[JEE 2005]
material with the following constraints: It has a fixed inner
66. If length of tangent at any point on the curve y = f (x) volume of V mm3, has a 2 mm thick solid wall and is open at
intercepted between the point and the x-axis is of length 1. the top. The bottom of the container is a solid circular disc of
Find the equation of the curve. [JEE 2005]
thickness 2 mm and is of radius equal to the outer radius of
67. If p(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 satisfying p(–1) = 10, p(1) the container. If the volume of the material used to make the
= –6 and p(x) has maximum at x = –1 and p'(x) has minima at container is minimum when the inner radius of the container
x = 1. Find the distance between the local maximum and V
is 10 mm, then the value of is: [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
local minimum of the curve. [JEE 2005] 250π
68. f (x) is a differentiable function and g(x) is a double 77. Let f : ℝ → ℝ be a differentiable function such that
differentiable function such that | f ( x) | ≤ 1 and π
f ( 0 ) = 0, f   = 3 and f ' ( 0 ) = 1 .
f ′( x ) = g ( x). If f (0) + g (0) = 9. Prove that there exists
2 2
2
some c ∈ (−3, 3) such that g (c). g ′′(c) < 0. [JEE 2005] π/2
 π
If g ( x ) =
∫  f ' ( t ) cosec t − cot t cosec t f ( t )  dt for x ∈  0,  ,
x
 2
69. If f (x) is a twice differentiable function such that
f (a ) = 0, f (b) = 2, f (c ) = −1, f ( d ) = 2, f (e) = 0, where then lim g ( x ) = [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
x →0

a < b < c < d < e, then the minimum number of zeroes of

g ( x) = ( f ′( x))2 + f ′′( x) f ( x) in the interval [ a , e ] is: ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
[JEE 2006] 1 (a) f ′( x) = − f ( x ) and f ′( x ) = g ( x )
70. The maximum value of the function f(x) = 2x3–15x2 + 36x – 48
⇒ f ′′( x ) ⋅ f ′( x ) + f ( x ) ⋅ f ′( x ) = 0
on the set A = { x | x 2 + 20 ≤ 9 x |} is: [JEE 2009 P-II]
⇒ f ( x)2 + ( f ′( x))2 = c
−1
71. If the function f ( x) = x + e
3 x/2
and g ( x) = f ( x), then
⇒ ( f ( x))2 + ( g ( x))2 = c
the value of g '(1) is: [JEE 2009 P- II]
⇒ F ( x) = c
72. Let f be a function defined on R (the set of all real numbers)
⇒ F (10) = 5
such that f'(x) = 2010 (x–2009)(x–2010)2 (x–2011)3(x–2012)4,

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Applications of Derivatives 179
dy 6. (b) f ( x) = 2 + cos x ∀ x ∈ R
2. (c,d) Equation of the tangent is Y − y = ( X − x)
dx Statement-I: There exists a point c ∈[t, t + π ] where
BP 3
Given = so that f ′(c) = 0.
AP 1
Hence, statement I is true. Statement II: f (t ) = f (t + 2π ) is
 dy 
true.
 0, y − x  B
 dx 
P ( x, y ) But statement I is not a correct explanation for statement I.

7. (c)
A 1
 y 
x− ,0 
 dy / dx  –3
–2 –1 0 2

dx dy dy
⇒ =− ⇒x + 3y = 0
x 3y dx Local maximum at x = −1
1 and local minima at x = 0
⇒ ln x = − ln y − ln c ⇒ ln x3 = − (ln cy)
3 Hence total number of local maxima and local minima is 2.
1 8. (a,b,c,d)
⇒ = cy. Given f (1) = 1, c = 1
x3
1
∴ y= 3 1/4 3/4
x 1/2

3. (b,c) The required polynomial which satisfy the condition is

f ( x) = f (1 − x)
–1 1 Put x = 1/ 2 + x
1  1 
1
f ( x ) = (19 x 3 − 57 x + 34) f  + x = f  − x
4  2   2 
f ( x ) has local maximum at x = −1 and local minimum at Hence f ( x + 1/ 2) is an even function or f ( x + 1/ 2)sin x
an odd function.
x = 1 . Hence f ( x ) is increasing for x∈[1, 2 5]
Also, f '( x) = − f '(1 − x) and for x = 1/ 2, we have

dy 1  dy 
−1
f '(1/ 2) = 0.
4. (d) Since, = = 
dx dy / dx  dx  1 0

d  dx  d  dy  dx
−1
Also, ∫ f (1 − t )esin π t dt = − ∫ f ( y)esin π t dy (obtained by
⇒  =  
1/ 2 1/ 2

dy  dy  dx  dx  dy putting, 1 − t = y ).
−2 −3
d x 2
 d y   dy   dx 
2
 d y   dy  2
Since f ′(1/ 4) = 0, f ′(3/ 4) = 0. Also f ′(1/ 2) = 0
⇒ 2
= − 2     = − 2  
dy  dx   dx   dy   dx   dx  ⇒ f ′( x) = 0 atleast twice in [0, 1] (Rolle’s Theorem)

dy 1− y2 9. (a) g ( x + 1) = log( f ( x + 1) = log x + log( f ( x)) = log x + g ( x)

5. (c) =
dx y ⇒ g ( x + 1) − g ( x ) = log x
y 1
⇒ ∫ 1− y 2
dy = ∫ dx ⇒ g ′′( x + 1) − g ′′( x) = −
x2

⇒  1 1
− 1 − y2 = x + c g ′′ 1 +  − g ′′   = −4
 2 2
⇒ ( x + c) 2 + y 2 = 1
 1  1 4
g ′′  2 +  − g ′′ 1 +  = − ..........
center (−c, 0); radius c − c +1 = 1
2 2
 2  2 9

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180 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 1  1 4 b−x
g ′′  N +  − g ′′  N −  = − 14. (a) f (x) =
 2  2 (2 N − 1)2 1 − bx
Summing up all terms b−x
Let y =
 1 1  1 1  1 − bx
Hence, g ′′  N +  − g ′′   = −4 1 + + ... + 2 
.
 2  2  9 (2 N − 1)  b−y
⇒ x=
1 − by
π
10. (c) g (u ) = 2 tan −1 (eu ) −
2 b−y
0 < x <1⇒ 0 < <1
= 2 tan e − tan e − cot −1 e u = tan −1 e u − cot −1 e u
−1 u −1 u 1 − by
g ( − x) = − g ( x ) b−y 1
> 0 ⇒ y < b or y >
⇒ g ( x) is odd and g ′( x ) > 0 1 − by b

⇒ increasing. b−y 1
−1 < 0 ⇒ −1 < y <
1 − by b
1
11. (b,c,d) For f (x) = x cos   , x ≥ 1 ∴ −1 < y < b.
x
1 1 1 15. (a,b,c,d)
1 for x→→
f '(x) = cos   + sin   → 1forx ∞∞ 1
x x x
2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
Also f '(x) = 2
sin   − 2 sin   − 3 cos  
x x x x x x
x
1 1
f ( x) = ∫ et (t − 2) (t − 3) dt
2
= forxx ≥≥11
cos   < 0 for ∀ x ∈ (0, ∞)
x3 x 0

⇒ f '(x) is decreasing for [1, ∞) 2

f ′( x) = e x ( x − 2) ( x − 3)
⇒ f '(x + 2) < f '(x). Also, ∴ f is increasing in (−∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞)
 1 1 F is decreasing in (2, 3)
lim f (x + 2) − f (x) = lim (x + 2)cos − x cos  = 2
x →∞ x →∞
 x+2 x f ′(2) = f ′(3) = 0 & f ′( x ) is differentiable on [2, 3]
∴ f (x + 2) − f (x) > 2∀x ≥ 1 ∴ By Rolle’s theorem,
2 2 2 2
At least one c such that c ∈ (2, 3)
12. (d) f ( x ) = e x + e − x ⇒ f '( x ) = 2 x ( e x − e − x ) ≥ 0∀x ∈ [0,1]
f ′′( x ) = 0
Clearly for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 f ( x) ≥ g ( x ) ≥ h( x) .

dy y y
1 16. (a) = + sec . Let y = vx
∵ f (1) = g (1) = h(1) = e + and f(1) is the greatest dx x x
e
dv dx
1 ⇒ =
∴ a =b = c = e+ ⇒ a = b = c. sec v x
e
dx
∫ cos v dv = ∫
x
13. (b) e − x f ( x ) = 2 + ∫ t 4 + 1dt . . .(i) x
0
sin v = ln x + c
−1
f ( f ( x )) = x
 y
sin   = ln x + c
−1 1  x
⇒ f '( f −1 ( x ))( f −1 ( x )) ' = 1 ⇒ ( f (2))' =
f '( f −1 (2))
 π  y 1
The curve passes through  1,  ⇒ sin   = ln x + .
−1 1 −1  6   
x 2
⇒ f (0) = 2 ⇒ f (2) = 0 ( f (2))' =
f '(0)
17. (b,c) We have f ′( x) = sin π x + π x cos π x = 0
−x
e ( f '( x) − f ( x)) = x + 1 4
⇒ tan π x = −π x
Put x = 0 ⇒ f '(0) − 2 = 1 ⇒ f '(0) = 3  2n + 1   1 
⇒ π x ∈ π , (n + 1)π  ⇒ x ∈  n + , n + 1 ∈ ( n, n + 1)
( f −1 (2)) ' = 1/ 3.  2   2 

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Applications of Derivatives 181
18. (a,c) Let the sides of rectangle be 15k and 8k and side of 22. (d) g { f ( x )} = x
square be x then (15 k – 2x) (8k –2x) x is volume
g ′ { f ( x )} . f ′( x ) = 1
v = 2(2 x3 − 23kx 2 + 60k 2 x)
1
dv ⇒ g ′{ f ( x )} = ]
=0 g ′( x )
dx x =5
⇒ g ′{ f ( x )} = 1x + 5
6 x − 46kx + 60k |x =5 = 0
2 2

g ′{ f { g ( x )}} = 1 + { g ( x)}
5
⇒
6 x − 23k + 15 = 0
2

g ′( x ) = 1 + { g ( x )}
5
5 ⇒
k = 3, k = . Only k = 3 is permissible.
6
23. (d) x2 + 2 xy − 3 y 2 = 0
So, the sides are 45 and 24.
 dy  dy
dp 2x + 2 x + y − 6y =0
19. (c) = 100 − 12 x  dx  dx
dx
dy dy
2 2x + 2x + 2y − 6y =0
P = 100 x − 12. x 3 / 2 + C dx dx
3
dy
P = 100 x − 8 x3/ 2 + C . . .(i) (2 x + 6 y ) + (2 x + 2 y ) = 0
dx
Given if x = 0, P = 2000
dy −( x + y)  dy 
⇒ C = 2000 = ⇒  =1
dx ( x − 3 y)  dx (1, 1)
So, (i) becomes
Slope of normal is –1. Equation of normal is
P = 100 x − 8 x 3/ 2 + 2000
−1 = −1( x − 1) , x + y = 2 , y = 2 − x
If x = 25 (is 25 move workers)
P = 100 × 25 − 8 × (52 )3/ 2 + 2000 x2 + 2x(2 − x) − 3(2 − x)2 = 0
= 2500 − 1000 + 2000 = 3500 x2 + 4 x − 2 x2 − 3(4 + x2 − 4 x) = 0
x 2 + 4 x − 2 x 2 − 12 − 3 x 2 + 12 x = 0
20. (a,b) 2x + 4
− 4 x 2 + 16 x − 12 = 0
−2 x − 4
( x − 1)( x − 3) = 0
2x + 4 8/3 4x
−4 x
x = 1, 3
−2 −2 / 3 2 x = 1, y = 1

f ( x ) + g ( x )− | f ( x ) − g ( x ) | x = 3, y = − 1
As, = Min ( f ( x), g ( x)) x
2
  x  x 1   x 1  n
2 | x | + | x + 2 | − || x + 2 | −2 | x ||  n 2 n  + 1 +  ...  +  
⇒ = Min (| 2 x |, | x + 2 |)   n  n 2   n n  
2 24. (b,c) f ( x) = lim  
n →∞  2
 2
  2
 n!n 2 n x + 1 x + 1 ... x + 1  
According to the figure shown, points of local minima/  2  2 2   2 
 n  n 2   n n 2  
−2
maxima are x = −2, ,0.
3 x  n  x 1 n  rx 2 1  
ℓnf ( x) = lim ∑ ℓn  +  − ∑ ℓn  2 +  
 r =1  n r  r =1  n r  
n →∞ n
α
21. (c) Here f ′( x ) = + 2β x + 1;
x x  n  rx  n  r 2 x 2  
f ′(−1) = 0 (As x = –1 is an extreme point) = lim ∑ ℓn 1 +  − ∑ ℓn 1 + 2  
n →∞ n
 r =1  n  r =1  n  
−α − 2 β + 1 = 0 . . .(i) 1 1

Also, f ′(2) = 0 gives ℓn ( f ( x )) = x ∫ ℓn (1 + xy ) dy − x ∫ ℓn (1 + x 2 y 2 ) dy

0 0
α Let xy = t
+ 4β + 1 = 0 . . .(ii)
2 x x

1 ℓn ( f ( x )) = ∫ ℓn (1 + t ) dt − ∫ ℓn(1 + t 2 ) dt
Solving (i) and (ii) gives α = 2, β = − 0 0
2
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182 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
f ′( x)  1+ x 
= ℓn  2  θ
f ( x)  1+ x 
r
f ′(2) 3
= ℓn   < 0
f (2) 5
⇒ f ′(2) < 0
f ′(3)  4 2 1 2 1  20 − 2 r 
⇒ = ℓn   = ℓn   Area = r θ = r2  
f (3)  10  5 2 2  r 
f ′(2) f ′(3) ⇒ A = 10 r − r 2
⇒ ≥
f (2) f (3) dA
⇒ = 0 ⇒ 10 − 2 r = 0, r = 5
dr
f ′( x) f ′( x)
Now > 0 in (0,1) and < 0 in (1, ∞ ) ⇒ A = 50 − 25 = 25
f ( x) f ( x)
27. (b,c) (a) → Always positive
(b) → Let F ( x ) = x9 − f ( x )
0 1 F ( 0 ) = − f ( 0 ) < 0 
 ⇒ F ( 0 ) ⋅ F (1) < 0
f ( x ) is increasing in (0,1) & decreasing in [1, ∞ ) (as f ( x ) F (1) = 1 − f (1) > 0 
is positive) (b) is correct.
1 1  2 π
hence f (1) ≥ f   and f   ≤ f   2
−x

2 3  3 (c) → F ( x ) = x − ∫ f ( t ) cos t dt

0
f ( x) g ( x)
25. (a,d) lim =1 π
x→2 f ′( x ) g ′( x ) 2
F ( 0 ) = 0 − ∫ f ( t ) cos t dt < 0
(1,1)
0
1 1
 ,  π
2 2 2
−1

F (1) = 1 − f ( t ) cos t dt > 0

∫  (c) is correct.
0 <1
x
(d) → F ( x ) = e x − ∫ f ( t ) sin t dt
2 1

f ( x) g ( x)  0  0
∵ lim   in determinant form as F ( 0) = 1 > 0
x→2 f ′( x) g ′( x)  0 
f ′(2) = 0, g (2) = 0 F (1) = e − quantity less than one > 0
∵ Using L.H.
F ' ( x ) = e x − f ( x ) sin x > 0 ( function is increasing )
f ′( x) g ( x) + g ′( x) f ( x) f ′(2) g (2) + g ′(2) f (2)
lim = (d) is incorrect.
x → 2 f ′′( x ) g ′( x ) + g ′′( x ) f ′( x ) f ′′(2) g ′′(2) + g ′′(2) f ′(2)
g ′(2) f (2) 28. (d) f "( x ) > 0
= =1
f ′′(2) g ′(2)
⇒ f is concave up
⇒ f ′′(2) = f (2) and f ′(2) = 0 & rang of f ( x ) ∈ (0, ∞ )
∴ f ' (1) > 1.
so f "(2) = f (2) = + ve so f ( x ) has point of minima at
29. (a,c) f ' ( x ) > 2 f ( x ) ∀ x ∈ R
x=2
and f (2) = f ′(2) so f ′ ( x ) have atleast one solution in ⇒ f ' ( x ) e−2 x − 2e−2 x f ( x ) > 0
x∈R
⇒
d
dx
( f ( x ) e −2 x ) > 0
26. (a) Total length = r + r + rθ = 20
20 − 2r ⇒ f ( x ) e−2 x is SI in ( 0, ∞ )
⇒ θ=
r ∴ f ( x ) e−2 x > f ( 0 ) e0

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Applications of Derivatives 183
⇒ f ( x) > e 2x
for x ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) 34. (a) ƒ(x) = 9x4 + 12x3 – 36x2 + 25
ƒ'(x) = 36x3 + 36x2 – 72x
f ' ( x ) > 2 f ( x ) > 2e2 x
= 36x(x2 + x – 2)
∴ f ' ( x ) > 0 ∀ x ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) = 36x(x – 1)(x + 2)

∴ f ( x ) is increasing in ( 0, ∞ ) . – + – +
–2 0 1
1 Points of minima = {–2, 1} = S1
x2 +
x2 = ( x − 1 ) + 2 Point of maxima = {0} = S2
30. (a) h( x) =
( 1x )
x
x− 1
x x −
35. (b) φ f ( x) = f ( x) + f (2 − x)
1 2
x − > 0, (x − x) +
1 ∈ (2 2, ∞ ]
φ ′ f ( x) = f ′( x) -f ′(2 − x)
x ( 1x )
x −
1 2 since f ′′( x)
x− < 0, ( x − 1 x ) + ∈ (−∞, −2 2]
x ( x − 1x ) ⇒ f ′′( x) > 0 is increasing ∀x ∈ (0, 2)

Local minimum is 2 2 Case (i): When x > 2 – x ⇒ x > 1

⇒ φ '( x) >0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 2)
(b) f ( x) = x − π (e − 1)sin x
x
31. ∴ φ(x) is increasing (1,2)
x = π , 0 are repeated roots and also continuous. Case (ii): When x < 2 – x
Hence, ‘f’ is differentiable at all x. ⇒ x<1
4
+2 ⇒ φ ′( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (0,1)
i.e., tan θ = 3 =2 ∴ φ(x) is increasing (0,1)
8
1−
3
36. (a)
32. (a) y
y 2= x – 2 h
y=x
9 1 r
(2 + t 2 , t ) ≡  , 
O(0,0)  4 2
θ
x-axis
a
h = 2rsinθ
dy a = 2rcosθ
we have 2 y ⋅ =1 v = π(r cosθ)2(2r sinθ)
dx
dy  1 1 v = 2πr3cos2θ sinθ
⇒ = =1 t =
dx  p (2+ t 2 ,t ) 2t 2 dv
=π r3 (– 2cosθ sin2θ cos3θ )= 0
dθ
9 1
∴ P= ,  1
4 2 or tan θ =
2
9 2
,− 1
4 4 7 ∵ h = 2×3 =2 3
So, shortest distance = = 3
2 4 2
37. (a)
33. (b) 4x2 + y2 = 8 . . .(i)
 dy  4x
also   = − = −2 θ
 dx (1,2) y
4a 1 h
ℓ =3(given)
⇒ − = b = −8a
y 2
2
⇒ b 2 = 64a 2 68a 2 = 8 a 2 = r
17
∴ h = 3 cos θ
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184 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
r = 3 sin θ
1 π B
New V = π r 2 h = (9 sin 2 θ ) ⋅ (3cos θ ) (x,y)
3 3 1 
A  , 7
dV 2 2 
∴ ⇒ sin θ =
dθ 3
 
d 2V  3  7 − y 
Also,  = negative  x   = −1
dθ 2  sin θ = 2  1 − x 
2
 
3 2 
⇒ Volume is maximum,  
 −x 
3/ 2
2 3
when sin θ =  x   = −1
3 2  1 − x 
 
2 
 2
∴ Vmax  sin θ =  = 2 3π (in cu. m) 3 2 1
 3  ⋅x = −x

2 2
dx 3x 2 = 1 − 2 x
38. (d) = 3sec2 t
dt 3x 2 + 2 x − 1 = 0
dy
= 3sec t tan t
3x2 + 3x − x − 1 = 0
dt ( x + 1)(3x − 1) = 0
dy tan t 1
= = sin t x = −1 (rejected) x =
dt sec t 3
d2y dt 3/ 2
= cos t 1
dx 2
dx y = 7 + x3 / 2 = 7 +  
 3
cos t cos3 t 1 1
= = = = 1 1 1
2
1 1
3
3+ 4
2
3sec t 3 3.2 2 6 2 ℓ AB  −  +   = + =
 2 3 3 36 27 9×2
π 
(1− | x | + sin |1 − x |)sin  [1 − x]  =
7
=
1 7
39. (d) lim+  2  108 6 3
x →1 |1 − x | [1 − x]
(1 − x) + sin(1 − x)  π  42. (a) S = {x ∈ R, x2 + 30 – 11x ≤ 0}
= lim+ sin  (−1)  = {x ∈ R, 5 ≤ x ≤ 6}
x →1 ( x − 1)(−1) 2 
Now ƒ(x) = 3x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 40
 sin( x − 1)  ⇒ ƒ'(x) = 9(x – 1)(x – 3),
lim  1 −  (−1) = (1 − 1)(−1) = 0
x →1+
 ( x − 1)  which is positive in [5, 6]
2 ⇒ ƒ(x) increasing in [5, 6]
40. (a) y = xe x
Hence maximum value = ƒ(6) = 122
dy
dx (1, e )
( 2
= e ⋅ ex ⋅ 2x + ex
2

) (1, e )
= 2 ⋅ e + e = 3e 43. (c)
(a,12–a2)

T : y – e = 3e (x – 1)
y = 3ex – 3e + e (0,0) (a,0)

4 
y = (3e)x – 2e  , 2e  lies on it
3  f (a) = 2a(12 − a)2
41. (c) y − x 3/2
= 7 ( x ≥ 0)
f ′(a) = 2(12 − 3a2 )
dy 3 1/ 2
= x maximum at a = 2
dx 2 maximum area = f(2) = 32

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Applications of Derivatives 185
44. (c) f ′( x) = 3x –6(a – 2) x + 3a
2
πx 
2 x cos π x  − tan π x 
f '( x) ≥ 0∀x ∈ (0, 1] 48. (a,c,d) f '( x) =  2 
x4
f '( x) ≤ 0∀x ∈ [1, 5)
f '( x) = 0 at x = 1
⇒ a=5
f(x) – 14 = (x – 1)2 (x – 7)
f ( x) − 14 0 1 1 y1 3 2 x1 5/2
= x−7 2 2
( x − 1) 2
dt
45. (d) y = x2 – 5x + 5 = 2x − 5 = 2 – + – + –
dx
y1 x1 y2 x2
For f’(x)
7 Ma Min Max
⇒ x= Min
2 49. (a)
7 −1 dy dx dy
at x = , y =
2 4
(A) ( x − 3) 2
dx
+ y=0 ∫ ( x − 3) 2
= −∫
y
 7 −1  29
Equation of tangent at  ,  is 2 x − y − =0 −4 x 4x
 2 4  4
1 4 − 2x 2x − 4
Now check options x = , y = −7 6
8
−2 −1 1 2
dy x
46. 2
(a) x = 8y = = tan θ
dx 4 1
⇒ = ln | y | ++c c
∴ x1 = 4tanθ y1 = 2 tan2θ x −3
Equation of tangent: So, Domain is R − {3}
y – 2tan2θ = tanθ (x – 4tanθ) (B) Put x = t + 3
⇒ x = y cotθ + 2 tanθ 2 2

∫ (t + 2)(t + 1)t (t − 1)(t − 2)dt = ∫ t (t − 1)(t 2 − 41)dt = 0

2

47. (a,b,c,d) (a, f (a))= r −2 −2

f’(x) be differentiation of f(x) equation of tangent (being odd function )

(y – f (a)) = f’(a)(x – a) 5  1
2

put x = 0 y – f (a) = –af’(a) yp (C) f ( x) = −  sin x − 

4  2
= (0, f (a) – af’(a))
1
Maximum value occurs when sin x =
pyp = a 2 + ( af '(a )) 2 = 1 2
a2+a2(f’(a))2=1 (D) f ′( x) > 0 if cos x > sin x
1 − a2 1 − x2 50. (a)
(f’(a))2 = ∫ ( f '( x )) = ± ∫ put 1 − x2 = t
a2 x2 (A) f '( x) > 0, ∀x ∈ (0, π / 2)

−t 2 dt  1 1+ t  f (0) < 0and f (π / 2) > 0

⇒ y = ±∫ = ±  t − ℓn | | + c
1− t 2
 2 1− t  So One solution.
(B) Let (a, b, c) is direction ratio of the intersected line, then
 1 (1 + t )2 
= ±  t − ℓn +c ak + 4b + c = 0 4a + kb + 2c = 0
 2 1− t2 
a b c
  = = 2
1 + 1 − x2 8 − k 4 − 2k k − 16
= ±  1 − x 2 − ℓn +c
 x  We must have 2(8 − k ) + 2(4 − 2 k ) + ( k 2 − 16) = 0
 
Put x = 1 and y = 0 ⇒ k = 2,4.
⇒c=0 (C) Let f f(x( )x )==|| x + 2 | + | x + 1| + | x − 1| + | x − 2 |

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186 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ k can take value 2, 3, 4, 5. 1 1
∵ ∵ −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ −1 or − ≥ 1.
dy y y
(D) ∫
y +1 ∫
= dx
(−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞)
⇒ f ( x ) = 2e x − 1
8.3x − 2
⇒ f (ln 2) = 3 (B) For domain −1 ≤ ≤1
1 − 32(x −1)
51. (a) 3x − 3x − 2
    ⇒ −1 ≤ ≤ 1.
(A) a − b = 1 + 3 = 2 | a |= b, | b |= 2 1 − 32x − 2
P (16,16) 3x − 3x − 2
Case (i): −1 ≤ 0
θ 1 − 32x − 2
(3x − 1)(3x − 2 − 1)
A C (4,0) B (24,0) ⇒ ≥0
(32x − 2 − 1)
⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ (1, ∞).
2 1 3x − 3x − 2
cos θ = = Case (ii): +1 ≥ 0
2× 2 2 1 − 32x − 2
π 2π 2π
θ= , but its (3x − 2 − 1)(3x + 1)
3 3 3 ⇒ ≥0
(3x .3x − 2 − 1)
as its opposite to side of maximum length.
b ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 1) ∪ [2, ∞).
∫ (f (x) − 3x) dx = a −b
2 2
(B) So, x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞).
a
(C) R1 → R1 + R 3
−a 2 + b 2
b
3 2
∫ f (x)dx =
a
2
(b − a 2 ) + a 2 − b 2 =
2 0 0 2
⇒ f (x) = x. f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ
−1 − tan θ 1
π 2  ln (sec π x + tan π x) 7 / 6 
5/6
π π π π π
(C)   = 2(tan θ + 1) = 2 sec θ .
2 2

ln 3  π  ln 3 6 6 6 6
 
3 1/ 2 15
5/6
 π  (D) f ′(x) = (x) (3x − 10) + (x)3 / 2 × 3 = (x)1/ 2 (x − 2)
5π 5π 7π 7π  2 2
7/6
=  ln sec + tan − ln sec + tan  = π.
 ln 3  6 6 6 6  Increasing, when x ≥ 2.

1 1 53. (a)
(D) Let u = ⇒ z = 1− 1
1− z u
1
(A) f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx, ∫ f ( x)dx = 1
0
| z |= 1 ⇒ 1 − = 1
2 ⇒ 2a + 3b = 6
⇒|u–1|=|u| ⇒ (a, b) ≡ (0, 2) and (3,0).
∴ locus of u is perpendicular bisector of line segment Number of such polynomials = 2.
joining 0 and 1  π
π (B) f ( x) = 2 cos  x 2 − 
⇒ maximum arg u approaches but will not attain.  4
2 For maximum value,
π
52. (a) x 2 − = 2nπ
4
2i(x + iy) 2i(x + iy)
(A) z = = π
1 − (x + iy)2 1 − (x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy) ⇒ x 2 = 2nπ +
4
Using 1 − x 2 = y 2
π 9π
2ix − 2y 1 ⇒ x=± ,± as x ∈ [− 3, 13].
Z= 2 =− . 4 4
2y − 2ixy y

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Applications of Derivatives 187
2
 3x 2
3x 
2 2
1
∫  1 + e + dx = ∫ 3 x dx = 8. Let g ( x) = 1 − x 2 sin 2 x + −x
2
(C)
0
x
1 + e− x  0
2
1
 1+ x 
1/ 2
g (0) = >0
(D) ∫
−1/ 2
cos 2 x ln 
1− x 
 dx = 0 as it is an odd function. 2
1
54. (d) g (π ) = −π < 0
2
55. (b) ∴ There exists a solution of g (x) in [0, π ]. Hence statement
56. (c) Q is true.
 π  π 
π /2 +0  0+   2(t − 1)
x

 π  63. (b) g ( x) = ∫  − ℓn t  f (t ) dt ∀ x ∈ (1, ∞)
57. (a) ∫ sin x dx = 2  sin(0) + sin   + 2sin  2
 t +1
4  2  2 1 
0 
   
    2( x − 1) 
g ′( x) =  − ℓn x  f ( x)
π  x +1 
= (1 + 2)
8 We know, f ( x) > 0 ∀ x ∈ ℝ.
58. (a) F ′(c ) = (b − a ) f ′(c ) + f ( a ) − f (b) 2( x − 1)
Let h( x) = − ℓn x
F ′′(c ) = f ′′(c )(b − a ) < 0 x +1
⇒ F ′(c) = 0 4
h( x ) = 2 − − ℓn x
f (b ) − f ( a ) x +1
⇒ f ′(c) =
b−a 4 1 4 x − ( x + 1) 2
h′( x) = − =
( x + 1) 2 x x( x + 1) 2
4ax( x 2 + ax + 1)2 − 4ax( x 2 − 1)(2 x + a)( x 2 + ax + 1)
59. (a) f ′′( x)
( x 2 + ax + 1) 4 ( x − 1) 2
=−
4a ( x + 1)2
f ′′(1) =
(2 + a) 2 ∴ h′( x) < 0
−4a ∴ h is decreasing x > 1
f ′′(−1) =
(2 − a) 2 h( x) < h(1)
(2 + a ) 2 f ′′(1) + (2 − a ) 2 f ′′( −1) = 0. 2( x − 1)
⇒ − ℓn x < 0
x +1
2a( x 2 − 1)
60. (a) f ′( x) ∴ ∀x ∈ (1, ∞)
( x 2 + ax + 1)2
2( x − 1)
Decreasing (–1, 1) and minima at x = 1. − ℓn x < 0
x +1
61. (b) f ''( x ) = 2[12 x + 3] = 0 ⇒ x = −1/ 4. ∴ g ′( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, ∞)
62. (c) P : f ( x ) + 2 x = 2(1 + x 2 ) ⇒ g is decreasing in (1, ∞ )

(1 − x 2 ) sin 2 x + x 2 + 2 x = 2 + 2 x 2 64. (c) Let, g ( x ) = e − x f ( x )

(1 − x ) 2 sin 2 x + 2 x = x 2 + 2 As g ′′( x ) > 0
( x − 2 x + 1) sin + 2 x = x + 2
2 2 2
So g ′( x ) is increasing
2 x cos 2 x = x 2 cos 2 x + cos 2 x + 1 So, for x < 1/ 4, g ′( x) < g ′(1/ 4) = 0
cos x ( x − 2 x + 1) + 1 = 0
2 2
⇒ ( f ′( x ) − f ( x ))e − x < 0
(1 − x ) 2 cos 2 x + 1 = 0 . ⇒ f ′( x ) < f ( x ) in (0, 1/ 4).
Hence no solution
65. f ( x1 ) − f ( x2 ) < ( x1 − x2 ) 2
Also Q : 2 f ( x ) + 1 = 2 x + 2 x 2
f ( x1 ) − f ( x2 )
1 ⇒ lim < lim x1 − x2
1 − x 2 sin 2 x + x 2 + = x + x2 x1 → x2 x1 − x2 x1 → x2
2

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188 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ f ′( x) < δ ⇒ f ′( x) = 0 x
f ( x) = ∫ g ( x) dx + f (−3)
Hence f ( x) is a constant function and P (1, 2) lines on −3

the curve. Moreover, g ′′( x) is assumed to be positive

⇒ f ( x ) = 2 is the curve. ⇒ The curve y = g ( x ) is open upwards.
Hence the equation of tangent is y − 2 = 0 . If g ( x) is decreasing, then for some value of
x
66. Length of tangent
x ∫ g ( x) dx > area of the rectangle
2
 dx  −3
= y 1+  
 dy  (0 − (−3)) 2 2
⇒ f ( x ) > 2 2 × 3 − 1 i.e., f ( x ) > 1 which is a contradiction.
  dx 2 
⇒ 1 = y 1 +   
2
x
  dy   If g ( x) is increasing, for some value of x ∫ g ( x) dx > area
−3
dy y
⇒ =± of the rectangle (3 − 0)2 2
dx 1 − y2
⇒ f ( x ) > 2 2 × 3 − 1 i.e., f ( x ) > 1 which is a contradiction.
1 − y2
⇒ ∫ y
dy = ± x + c. If g ( x) is minimum at x = 0, then
x
Writing y = sin θ , dy = cosθ dθ and integrating, we get
∫ g ( x) dx > area of the rectangle
−3
(3 − 0)2 2
the equation of the curve as

1 − 1 − y2 ⇒ f ( x ) > 2 2 × 6 − 1 i.e., f ( x ) > 1 which is a contradiction.

1 − y 2 + ln = ± x+c
y Hence g ( x) and g ′′( x ) cannot be both positive through
the interval (–3, 3).
67. Let the polynomial be Similarly we can prove that g ( x) and g ′′( x) cannot be
P ( x ) = ax + bx + cx + d
3 2
both negative throughout the interval (−3, 3). Hence there
According to give conditions
is atleast one value of c ∈ (−3, 3) where g ( x) and g ′′( x)
P(−1) = −a + b − c + d = 10
are of opposite sign
P(1) = a + b + c + d = −6
⇒ g (c) ⋅ g ′′(c) < 0.
Also P′(−1) = 3a − 2b + c = 0 and 3 3

P′′(1) = 6a + 2b = 0 Alternate: ∫ g ( x) dx = ∫ f ′( x) dx = f (3) − f (0)

0 0
⇒ 3a + b = 0 3

Solving for a, b, c, d we get ⇒ ∫ g ( x) dx < 2

0
. . .(i)
P( x) = x3 − 3x 2 − 9 x + 5
0
⇒ P ′( x ) = 3 x 2 − 6 x − 9 = 3( x + 1)( x − 3) In the same way ∫ g ( x) dx < 2
−3
. . .(ii)
⇒ x = − 1 is the point of maximum and x = 3 is the point of
3 0
minimum. ⇒ ∫ g ( x) dx +
0
∫ g ( x) dx < 4
−3
. . .(iii)
Hence distance between(–1,10) and(3,–22) is 4 65 units.
For ( f (0)) 2 + ( g (0)) 2 = 9 ,
68. Let us suppose that both g ( x) and g ′′( x) are positive for
we get 2 2 < g (0) < 3 . . .(iv)
all x ∈ (−3, 3)
or −3 < g (0) < −2 2 . . .(v)
Since f 2 (0) + g 2 (0) = 9 and
Case (i): 2 2 < g (0) < 3
−1 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 1, 2 2 ≤ g (0) ≤ 3
Let g ( x) is concave upward ∀ x (−3, 3)
From f ′( x ) = g ( x), we get

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Applications of Derivatives 189
0 3 f ′( x) = 0 minimum three solution
then the area ∫ g ( x) dx + ∫ g ( x ) dx > 6
−3 0
2
h ( x ) = 0 minimum 7 solution
Which is a contradiction form equation (iii) ⇒ h′( x) = g ( x) = 0 has minimum 6 solution.
∴ g ( x) will be concave downward for some
70. (7) f '( x) = 6( x − 2)( x − 3)
c ∈ (−3, 3) i.e., g ′′(c) < 0 . . .(vi)
so f(x)is increasing in (3, ∞ )
Also at that point c, g (c ) will be greater than 2 2
Also, A = {4 ≤ x ≤ 5}
⇒ g (c) > 0 . . .(vii)
∴ f max = f (5) = 7.
From equation (vi) and (vii)
g (c) ⋅ g ′′(c) < 0 for some c ∈ (−3, 3) 1
71. (2) f (0) = 1, f '( x) = 3 x 2 + e x / 2
(0, 3) 2
⇒ f '( g ( x)) g '( x) = 1
(0, 2 2)
1
Put x = θ ⇒ g '(1) = = 2.
f '(0)

(−3, 0) (3, 0) 72. (1) f ( x) = ln{g ( x)}

g ( x) = e f ( x )
Case (ii): −3 < g (0) < −2 2
g '( x ) = e f ( x ) . f '( x )
Let g ( x) is concave downward ∀ x (−3, 3)
g '( x) = 0 ⇒ f '( x) = 0
0 3
then the area ∫ g ( x ) dx + ∫ g ( x) dx > 6 2 as e f (x) ≠ 0
−3 0
⇒ 2010( x − 2009)( x − 2010) 2 ( x − 2011)3 ( x − 2012) 4 = 0
Which is a contradiction form equation (iii)
so there is only one point of local maxima.
∴ g ( x) will be concave upward form some c ∈ (−3, 3) i.e.,
73. (0) y′(x) + y(x)g ′(x) = g(x)g′(x)
g ′′(c) > 0 . . .(viii)
⇒ e g ( x ) y ′(x) + e g( x ) g ′(x) y(x) = e g( x ) g(x) g ′(x)
Also at that point c, g (c ) will be less than −2 2
d
⇒ g (c ) < 0 . . .(ix) ⇒ (y(x)eg(x ) ) = eg(x) g(x) g′(x)
dx
From equation (viii) and (ix),
∴ y(x) = e g ( x ) = ∫ e g ( x ) g(x) g ′(x) dx
we get g (c) ⋅ g ′′(c) < 0 for some c ∈ (−3, 3)
= ∫ e t tdt, where g(x) = t = (t − 1)e t + c
(−3, 0) (3, 0)
∴ y(x)e g (x ) = (g(x) − 1)e g (x ) + c
Put x = 0 ⇒ 0 = (0 − 1).1 + c ⇒ c = 1
Put x = 2 ⇒ y(2).1 = (0 − 1). (1) + 1
(0, − 2 2)
y(2) = 0.
(0, − 3)
74. (9) Since least degree hence p(x) is cubic.
69. g ( x) =
d
( f ( x) ⋅ f ′( x) ) Let p ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
dx
p(1) = 6 = a + b + c + d . . .(i)
to get the zero of g(x) we take function h( x ) = f ( x ) ⋅ f ′( x )
p(3) = 2 = 27a + 9b + 3c + d . . .(ii)
between any two roots of h ( x ) there lies at least one root
p '( x ) = 3ax + 2bx + c
2
of h′( x ) = 0
p '(1) = 0 = 3a + 2b + c . . .(iii)
⇒ g ( x) = 0 , h( x) = 0
P '(3) = 0 = 27a + 6b + c . . .(iv)
⇒ f ( x ) = 0 or f ′( x) = 0
f ( x ) = 0 has 4 minimum solution (4) − (3) ⇒ 24 + 4b = 0 ⇒ b = −6 . . .(v)

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190 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(2) − (1) ⇒ −4 = 26a + 8b + 2c From (v) M = π (r + 2) 2 (ℓ + 2) − π r 2 ℓ
−4 = 26a − 48a + 2c dM 4V 8V
= − 2 − 3 + 8π + 0 + 4π r
−4 + 22a dr r r
⇒ c= = 11a − 2 . . .(vi)
2 dM
From (iii) = 0 when r = 10
dr
3a + 2b + c = 0 ⇒ V = 1000π
3(a) + 2(−6) + (11a − 2) = 0 V
⇒ =4
3a − 12a − 11a − 2 = 0 250π
2a = 2 ⇒ a = 1 π/2
∴ c = f (0) = 11a − 2 = 11 − 2 = 9 77. (2) g ( x ) = ∫ f ' ( t ) cosec t − cot t cosec t f ( t )  dt
x
75. (5) fx = x + x − 1 2
π/ 2
g ( x ) = cosec t ⋅ f ( t ) x
 x − x −1
2
if x ≤ −1
 2 π 
− x − x + 1 if –1 ≤ x<0 1 ⋅ f   − cosec x ⋅ f ( x )
= 2 2
 –x + x + 1 if 0 ≤ x <1
 x 2 + x –1 if x ≥1 ⇒ g ( x ) = 3 − f ( x ) ⋅ cosec x

So, total no. of local maxima and local minima is = 5 lim g ( x ) = lim ( 3 − f ( x ) ⋅ cosec x )
x →0 x→0
76. (4) Let inner radius be r and inner length be ℓ f (x) f '( x )
π r 2ℓ = V = 3 − lim = 3 − lim = 3 − 1 = 2.
x →0 sin x x→0 cos x
Volume of material be M

  

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Indefinite Integration 191

16 Indefinite Integration
QUICK LOOK dx

∫ 1− x 2
= sin −1 x

Primitive Functions, Antiderivatives, Indefinite Integration dx

df ( x)

∫ 1+ x 2
= tan −1 x

If = F ( x) then the derivative of f ( x) is F ( x), i.e.
dx dx
f ′( x) = F ( x). Equivalently, f ( x) is the primitive function

∫x x −1
2
= sec −1 x

or antiderivative of F ( x).

The indefinite integration of f ′( x) is f ( x) + c, symbolically, Derivative of Indefinite Integral, Integral of Derivative
d
dx ∫
f ( x) dx = f ( x )
∫ f '( x)dt = f ( x) + c, when c is an arbitrary constant, called

constant of integration. ∫ φ ( x)dx is an integral and φ ( x) is
∫

d
f ( x)dx = f ( x) + c
dx
the integrand.

∫{ f ( x)·φ ′( x) + f ′( x)·φ ( x)}dx = f ( x)·φ ( x) + c
Standard Integrals of Elementary Functions f ′( x)·φ ( x) − f ( x)·φ ′( x) f ( x)
Standard integrals are as follows (without writing the constant

∫ {φ ( x)} 2
dx =
φ ( x)
+c

of integration):
x n +1 Rules of Integration
∫ x dx = (n ≠ −1)
n


n +1
∫ { f1 ( x) ± f 2 ( x) ± ..... ± f n ( x)}dx = ∫ f1 ( x)dx ± ∫ f 2 ( x)dx ± ... ± ∫ f n ( x)dx
1 (rule of term-by-term integration)

∫ x dx = log e x (where x is positive)

∫ kf ( x)dx = k ∫ f ( x)dx, where k is a constant
∫ e dx = e
x x


f (ax + b)
a x

∫ f ′(ax + b)dx = a
∫ a dx = log
x


e a
Methods of Integration

∫ sin xdx = − cos x Given the integrand our primary objective is to change the

∫ cos xdx = sin x integrated into algebraics sum of standard integrands. This
objective can be achieved in any of the following three

∫ tan xdx = log sec x methods:

∫ cot xdx = log sin x
Simplification or transformation – We change the integrated
π x into algebraic sum of standard integrands by simplification,

∫ sec xdx = log(sec x + tan x) ororlog tan  ++ 
logtan
 4 2 using algebraic or trigonometrical simplifications.

Substitution – We make suitable substitution for the given
x

∫ cosec x dx = log tan or – log(cosec x + cot x )
2
variable in terms of some other variable so that the
integrated changes into a standard integrated or algebraic

∫ sec x ·tan xdx = sec x sum of standard integrands in the new variable.

∫ cosec x ⋅ cot x dx = − cosec x
By parts – ∫ f ( x)·φ ( x)dx = f ( x)·∫ φ ( x)dx − ∫ [∫ φ ( x)dx]· f ′( x)dx
This method is applicable when the integrated can be put as
∫ sec xdx = tan x
2


the product of two functions of which one can be integrated
∫ cos ec xdx = − cot x
2

easily.

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192 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Forms of Integrands Suitable for Specific Substitution functions = (First function) × (Integral of second function) –
There is no fixed rule for selecting a function as the new Integral of (Derivative of the first function) × (Integral of the
variable. While selecting it, we always remember that the second function)}.
resulting integrand after substitution must change the original Theoretically, we can choose any of the two functions in the
integrand in algebraic sum of standard integrands in the new product as the first function and the other as the second
variable. However, there are certain forms of the integrand function. However, a little observation of the expression
which indicate the appropriate substitution. above will show you that since we need to deal with the
integral of the second function ( ∫ g ( x)dx, above), we

Form ∫ f {φ ( x)}·φ ′( x)dx substitute φ ( x) = z
φ ′( x ) should choose the second function in such a way so that it is
∫ φ ( x) dx substitute φ ( x) = z easier to integrate; consequently, the first function should be
the one that is more difficult to integrate out of the two

Form ∫ sin p x ·cos2 n−1 xdx, n∈ N substitute sin x = z functions. We can thus define a priority list pertaining to the
choice of the first function, corresponding to the degree of
∫ cos x ·sin 2 n−1 xdx, n∈ N substitute cos x = z
p

difficulty in integration:
∫ sin
p
x ·cos q xdx, where p + q = negative even integer I – inverse trigonometric functions
L – logarithmic function
substitute than x = z
A – algebraic functions

Form ∫ f ( x, a 2 − x 2 ) dx substitute x = a sin θ or a cosθ T – trigonometric functions
E – exponential function
∫ f ( x, x 2 − a 2 ) dx substitute x = a secθ or a cosecθ
Decreasing order of difficulty in carrying out integration.
∫ f ( x, x 2 + a 2 ) dx substitute x = a tan θ or a cot θ For example, inverse trigonometric functions are the most
difficult to integrate while exponential functions are the
∫ f (x
2
, a 2 − x 2 ) dx substitute x 2 = a 2 cos 2θ
easiest. Thus, we should choose the first function in this
order.
Choice of u, v in “by Parts”
du The boxed letters should make it clear to you why this rule
The method of “by parts” ∫ uvdx = u ∫ vdx − ∫  ∫ vdx  dx, is
  dx of thumb for the selection of the first function is referred to
used when the integrand is through of as a product of two as the ILATE rule. It is important to realize that the ILATE
functions. While using this method, one has to take care of the rule is just a guide that serves to facilitate the process of
following: integration by parts; it is not a rule that always has to be
(i) the second part v must be a standard integrand or can be followed; you can choose your first function contrary to the
easily integrated by simplification or substitution. ILATE rule also if you wish to (and if you are able to
du integrate successfully with your choice). However, the
(ii) the integral ∫  ∫ vdx  dx must not be more complicated
  dx ILATE rule works in most of the cases and is therefore
than the original integrand. widely used.
Using integration by parts, we can in principle calculate the
An Important Result
integral of the product of any two arbitrary functions. You
∫ e { f ( x) + f ′( x)}dx = e · f ( x) .
x x
should be very thorough with the use of this technique,

since it will be extensively required in solving integration
problems. Let u = f ( x ) and v = g ( x) be two arbitrary Integration of Some Standard Rational and Irrational
Functions (Fractions)
functions. We need to evaluate ∫ f ( x) g ( x)dx. The rule for Standard integrals are as follows (without writing the constant
integration by parts says that: of integration):
∫ f ( x) g ( x)dx = f ( x)∫ g ( x)dx − ∫ { f ′( x)∫ g ( x)dx}dx
∫ 2
dx 1
= tan −1
x
x +a 2
a a
Translated into words (which makes it easier to remember!),
dx 1 x−a
this rule says that: The integral of the product of two
∫ 2 = log , ( x > a)
x − a 2 2a x+a

@iitjeehelps
Indefinite Integration 193
dx 1 a+x N

∫a 2
=
− x 2 2a
log
a−x
,( x < a )
Method of changing
Q1
dx in partial fractions, where Q1 = L1 ⋅ L2 and the degree of

∫ x −a
2 2
= log( x + x 2 − a 2 )
N ≤ 1:
dx x
∫ a −x
2 2
= sin −1
a
N
=
N A B
= + where A, B are constants
Q1 L1·L2 L1 L2
dx ⇒ N = AL2 + BL1
∫ a + x2
2
= log( x + a 2 + x 2 )
Equate the coefficients of similar powers of the variable on
x 2 a2 both sides and obtain two equations in A, B to obtain their

∫ a 2 + x 2 dx =
2
x + a 2 + log( x + x 2 + a 2 )
2 values.
a2 x x a2 − x2 Or, put two suitable values for the variable on both sides
∫ a 2 − x 2 dx =
2
sin −1 +
a 2 successively and obtain two equations in A, B to find their
values.
x 2 a2
∫ x 2 − a 2 dx =
2
x − a 2 − log( x + x 2 − a 2 )
2
Method of changing
N
in partial fractions, where Q1
L1·Q1

Integration of Rational Fractions cannot be factorized and the degree of N ≤ 2:

Let L1 , L2 etc., denote polynomial of the first degree and N A Bx + C
= +
L1·Q1 L1 Q1
Q1 , Q2 , etc., denote polynomial of the second degree, and N
where A, B, C are constants and x is the variable
denote the numerator. Usual methods of integration of rational
fractions are as follows: ⇒ N ≡ AQ1 + ( Bx + C ) L1. Obtain three equations in A, B, C in
dx any one of the two ways as given in the above point and

Form ∫ n Substitute L1 = z solve.
L1
N
dx
Method of changing 2

Form ∫Q 1
Put Q1 = ± a 2 ± ( L1 ) 2 and apply the suitable L1 ·Q1
in partial fractions, where Q1 cannot be factorized and the
result from Section 1.
degree of N ≤ 3 :
Use of Partial Fractions in the Integration of Rational N A B Cx + D
= + + . Find A, B, C, D as in the above
Fractions L12 ·Q1 L1 L12 Q1
Ndx points.

Form ∫ , where Q1 = L1 ⋅ L2 and degree of N ≤ 1
Q1 N

Method of changing
Ndx L1·Q12
∫ L ·Q , where Q cannot
1 1
1 be factorized and degree of
in partial fractions, where Q1 cannot be factorized and the
N ≤2 degree of N ≤ 4:
Ndx N A Bx + C Dx + E
∫ L12·Q1 , where Q1 cannot be factorized and degree of = +
L1·Q12 L1 Q1
+
Q12
N ≤3 Find A, B, C, D, E as in the above points.
Ndx
∫ Q ·Q
1 2
, where Q1 , Q2 cannot be factorized and degree of
Note
N ≤3 N
If the fraction iswhere the degree of N ≥ the degree of D
Ndx D
∫ L ·Q 2
, where Q1 cannot be factorized and degree of
N N
1 1 then write = P + 1 where the degree of N1 < the degree of
N ≤4 D D
In each of these we use partial fractions to change the N
D. Then express 1 in partial fractions.
integrand in algebraic sum of standard integrands. D

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194 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
N dD x

Method of integrating ∫ D dx, where N = AD + B + N1 2. Let f ( x ) = for n ≥ 2 and g(x) = ( f
f
…
f )( x).
dx (1 + x n )1/ n  
f occurs n times

and A, B are constants, and the degree of N1 < the degree

∫x
n−2
Then g ( x ) dx equals [JEE 2007 P-II]
dD 1
AD + B + N1 1 1−
N dx a. (1 + nx n ) n + K
of D : ∫ dx = ∫ dx n( n − 1)
D D
1
1 1−
dD N1 N b. (1 + nx n ) n + K
= A∫ dx + B ∫
D ∫ D
+ dx = Ax + B log D + ∫ 1 dx n −1
D
1
1 1+
N
Where ∫ 1 dx can be integrated by using partial fractions. c. (1 + nx n ) n + K
D n( n + 1)
1
1 1+
d. (1 + nx n ) n + K
n +1
Integration of Irrational Fractions
dx

Form ∫ Substitute L1 = z
Let I = ∫
ex e− x
L1 3.
e4 x + e2 x + 1
dx , J = ∫ e −4 x + e−2 x + 1 dx. Then for
dx an arbitrary constant C , the value of J − I equals

Form ∫ Q1
Put Q1 = ± a 2 ± ( L1 )2 and apply the suitable
[JEE 2008 P-II]
result from Section 1 1  e − e +1 
4x 2x
1  e + ex + 1 
2x
a. log  4 x 2 x  + C b. log  2 x x  + C
L1dx dQ1 2  e + e +1  2  e − e +1

Form ∫ Q1
Express L1 = A
dx
+ B where A, B are
 e2 x − e x + 1 
1 1  e4 x + e2 x + 1 
c. log  2 x x  + C d. log  4 x 2 x +C
constants. 2  e + e +1 2  e − e +1 
Q2 dx dQ sec 2 x

Form ∫ Q1
Express Q2 = AQ1 + B 1 + C where A, B, C
dx 4. The integral ∫ (sec+ tan x)9 / 2 dx equals (for some arbitrary
are constants. constant K). [JEE 2012 P-I]
dx 1 1 1 

Form ∫L Substitute L2 = t a. − 11/ 2 
− (sec x + tan x) 2  + K
1 L2
(sec x + tan x) 11 7 
1 1 1 
dx 1
11/ 2 
− (sec x + tan x )2  + K

Form ∫ L1 Q1 Substitute L1 = t b.
(sec x + tan x) 11 7 
1 1 1 
dx c. − 11/ 2 
+ (sec x + tan x) 2  + K

Form ∫ Q1 L2 Substitute L2 = t (sec x + tan x) 11 7 
1 1 1 
d. 11/ 2 
+ (sec x + tan x) 2  + K

Form ∫
dx
Substitute
Q1
=t (sec x + tan x) 11 7 
Q2 Q1 Q2

∫ f ( x)dx = Ψ( x), then ∫ x

5
5. If f ( x 3 )dx is equal to
Multiple Choice Questions
[JEE Main 2013]
One and More than One Correct 1 3
a. [ x Ψ ( x 3 ) − ∫ x 2 Ψ ( x 3 ) dx ] + C
3
x −1
2
1. ∫x 3
2 x4 − 2x2 + 1
dx is equal to [JEE 2006]
b.
1 3
x Ψ ( x 3 ) − 3∫ x 3 Ψ ( x 3 ) dx + C
3
2x4 − 2x2 + 1 2 x4 − 2 x2 + 1 1 3
a. +c b. +c c. x Ψ ( x 3 ) − ∫ x 2 Ψ ( x 3 ) dx + C
x2 x3 3
2 x4 − 2 x2 + 1 2 x4 − 2 x2 + 1 1 3
c. +c d. +c d. [ x Ψ ( x 3 ) − ∫ x 2 Ψ ( x 3 ) dx ] + C
x 2 x2 3

@iitjeehelps
Indefinite Integration 195
1
 1 x+ 5x
6. The integral ∫ 1 + x − x  e x
dx is equal to:
11. ∫
sin
2 dx is equal to: (where c is a constant of
x
[JEE Main 2014] sin
1 1
2
x+
x+
a. ( x − 1)e x
+c b. xe x
+C integration) [JEE Main 2019]
1 1 a. 2x + sinx + 2sin2x + c b. x + 2sinx + 2sin2x + c
x+ x+
c. ( x + 1)e x
+c d. − xe x
+c c. x + 2sinx + sin2x + c d. 2x + sinx + sin2x + c

dx dx
7. The integral ∫ x (x equals: [JEE Main 2015] 12. If ∫ = xf ( x)(1 + x6 )1/3 + C
2 4
+ 1)3/ 4 x (1 + x )
3 6 2/3

1/ 4 where C is a constant of integration, then the function ƒ(x)

 x4 + 1 
a.  4  +c b. ( x 4 + 1)1/ 4 + c is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
 x 
1 3
1/4 a. − 3 b. 2
 x4 +1 6x x
c. −(x4 +1)1/4 + c d. − 4  + c
 x  1 1
c. − 2 d. − 3
2 x12 + 5 x 9 2x 2x
8. The integral ∫ ( x5 + x3 + 1)3 dx is equal to where C is an 13. For x 2 ≠ nπ + 1, n ∈ N (the set of natural numbers), the

arbitrary constant [JEE Main 2016] 2sin( x 2 − 1) − sin 2( x 2 − 1)

− x5
integral ∫ x
2sin( x 2 − 1) + sin 2( x 2 − 1)
dx is equal to:
a. +C
( x5 + x3 + 1) 2 (where c is a constant of integration) [JEE Main 2019]
x10  x −1 2
1 2 2
b. +C a. log e sec   +c b. loge sec ( x − 1) + c
2(x + x3 +1)2
5
 2  2
x5 1  x2 − 1  1
c. +C c. log e sec2   +c d. log e sec 2 ( x 2 − 1) + c
2( x5 + x3 + 1) 2 2  2  2
−x10 5 x8 + 7 x 6
d. +C 14. If f ( x) = ∫ dx( x ≥ 0) and f(0) = 0, then the
2(x5 + x3 +1)2 ( x 2 + 1 + 2 x 7 )2
value of f(1) is: [JEE Main 2019]
9. Let I n = ∫ tan n xdx, (n > 1) .If I 4 + I 6 = a , tan 5 x + bx 5 + C
1 1
where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair a. − b.
2 2
(a, b) is equal to [JEE Main 2017]
1 1
1   1  c. − d.
a.  , − 1  b.  − , 0  4 4
5   5  15. Let n ≥ 2 be a natural number and 0< θ < π/2. Then
 1  1 
c.  − , 1 d.  , 0  (sin n θ − sin θ )1/ n cos θ
 5  5  ∫ sin n +1 θ
d θ is equal to:

sin 2 x cos 2 x (Where C is a constant of integration) [JEE Main 2019]

10. The integral ∫ dx
(sin x + cos x sin 2 x + sin 3 x cos 2 x + cos5 x) 2
5 3
n +1
n  1  n
is equal to [JEE Main 2018] a. 1 − n +1  +C
−1 n − 1  sin θ 
2

a. +C n +1
1 + cot 3 x
n  1  n
1 b. 2 1 − n −1  +C
b. +C n + 1  sin θ 
3(1 + tan3 x) n +1

−1 n  1  n

c. +C c. 2 1 − n −1  +C
3(1 + tan3 x) n − 1  sin θ 
n +1
1 n  1  n
d. + C (where C is a constant of integration) d. 2 1 + n −1  +C
1 + cot 3 x) n − 1  sin θ 

@iitjeehelps
196 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1 −4 x3 non-zero solutions of
16. If ∫ x5e −4 x dx =
3
e f ( x ) + C , where C is a constant of
48 the differential equation
integration, then f(x) is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] ( x − 3) 2 y ′ + y = 0
π
2.  0, 
a. −4 x3 − 1 b. 4 x3 + 1 (B) Interval containing the
value of the integral  2
c. −2 x3 − 1 d. −2 x3 + 1 5

∫ ( x −1)( x − 2) ( x − 3)
1 − x2 1
17. ∫ dx = A( x)( 1 − x 2 ) m + C , for a suitable chosen ( x − 4)( x − 5) dx
x4
π 5π 
3.  ,
integer m and a function A(x), where C is a constant of (C) Interval in which at least
one of the points of 
integration then (A(x))m equals: [JEE Main 2019] 8 4 
local maximum of
−1 −1
a. 3 b. cos x + sin x lies
2
3x 27x9
(D) Interval in which tan–1 π
−1 1 4.  0, 
c. 4 d. (sin x + cos x ) is  8
9x 27x6
increasing
x +1
18. If ∫ dx = f ( x) 2 x − 1 + C , where C is a constant of 5. ( −π , π )
2x −1
a. A→ 1; B→ 3; C→ 4; D→ 2
integration, then f(x) is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
1 1
a. ( x + 4) b. ( x + 1) c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
3 3
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
2 2
c. ( x + 2) d. ( x − 4)
3 3
Statement or Assertion & Reason
19. The integral ∫ cos(log e x)dx is equal to: (where C is a
22. Let F ( x ) be an indefinite integral of sin 2 x.
constant of integration) [JEE Main 2019] Statement-I: The function F ( x ) satisfies
x
a. [sin(log e x) − cos(log e x)] + C F ( x + π ) = F ( x ) for all real x. [JEE 2007 P-I]
2
x and
b. [sin(log e x) + cos(log e x)] + C Statement-II: sin 2 ( x + π ) = sin 2 x for all real x.
2
c. x[sin(log e x) + cos(log e x)] + C a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
d. x[sin(log e x) − cos(log e x)] + C is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
3 x13 + 2 x11 is not a correct explanation for Statement-I.
20. The integral ∫ dx is equal to:
(2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1) 4 c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
(where C is a constant of integration) [JEE Main 2019] d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.
4
x x12
a. +C b. +C
(2 x + 3 x 2 + 1)3
4
6(2 x + 3 x 2 + 1)3
4 ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

x4 x12  1 1 
c. +C d. +C  3 − 5  dx
1. (d) ∫ 
6(2 x + 3 x 2 + 1)3
4
(2 x + 3 x 2 + 1)3
4 x x 
2 1
2− 2 + 4
x x
Matrix Match / Column Match 2 1
Let 2 − 2 + 4 = z
21. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the x x
open intervals in Column II. [JEE 2009 P-I] 1 dz 1
4∫ z
⇒ ⇒ × z +c
Column I Column II 2
π π
1.  − , 
(A) Interval contained in the 1 2 1
domain of definition of  2 2
⇒ 2− 2 + 4 +c
2 x x

@iitjeehelps
Indefinite Integration 197
f ( x) x 1
2. (a) Here ff ( x ) = = I = [t ∫ f (t ) dt − ∫ f (t ) dt ]
[1 + f ( x ) n ]1/ n (1 + 2 x n )1/ x 3
x x3 1 d
⇒ fff ( x) = I= Ψ ( x3 ) − ∫ (t ) ∫ f (t ) dt + c
(1 + 3 x n )1/ n 3 3 dt
x x3 1
⇒ g ( x ) = ( f
f
…
f )( x ) = I= Ψ ( x 3 ) − ∫ 3 x 2 Ψ ( x 3 ) dx + c
n times (1 + nx n )1/ n 3 3
x n −1dx x3
Hence I = ∫ x n− 2 g ( x) dx = ∫ I= Ψ ( x3 ) − x 2 Ψ ( x3 ) dx + c
(1 + nx n )1/ n 3
1
d  1  x+
1 2
n x dx n −1
1
(1 + nx n ) 6. (b) ∫ 1 + x −  e x dx
dx  x
n 2 ∫ (1 + nx n )1/ n n 2 ∫
= = dx
(1 + nx n )1/ n 1
x+
1 1−
1 Put xe x
=t
∴ I= (1 + nx n ) n
+K
n(n − 1) x+
1
 1  x+ x
1
xe x
1 − 2  + e dx = dt
 x 
e x (e 2 x − 1) ( Z 2 − 1)
3. (c) J − I = ∫ dx = ∫ 4 dz
  1   x+
1
e + e +1
4x 2x
z + z2 +1 ⇒  x  1 − 2  + 1 e x dx = dt
where z = e x   x  
 1  1  x+ 1x
1 − 2  dz 1  e x + e− x − 1  1 + x −  e dx = dt
=∫
z 
= ln  x − x  x
+c
 1 
2
2  e + e +1  1
 z +  −1
x+

 z = ∫ dt = t + e = xe x
+C

1  e2 x − e x + 1  dx dx
J − I = ln  2 x x  + c.
∴
2  e + e +1
7. (a) ∫  1
3/ 4
=∫
 1
3/ 4

x 2 ⋅ x3 1 + 4  x5 1 + 4 
1  1  x   x 
4. (c) Let sec x + tan x = t ⇒ sec x =  t +  1 4
2 t  Let 1 + = t ⇒ − 5 dx = dt
4
x x
dt dt
sec x tan x + sec2 x = sec x (sec x + tan x ) =
dx dx  −3 +1 
−1 dt −1  t 4  −1  t1/ 4 
 1  1
2
1 = ∫ 3/ 4 =   + c =  +c
 2 t + t  t+ 4 t 4  −3 + 1  4 1/ 4 
   dt 1 t 1 −9/ 2 −13/ 2
∫ t 9 / 2 ×  1  1   = 2 ∫ t11/ 2 dt = 2 ∫ t + t dt  4 
 2  t + t  t  1 
1/ 4
 x4 + 1 
1/ 4
   = − 1 + 4  + c = − 4  +c
 x   x 
 
1  t −7 / 2 t −11/ 2  2 x12 + 5 x 9
=  + +K 8. (b) ∫ ( x5 + x3 + 1)3
2  − 7 − 11 
 2 2 
 2 5 
   3+ 6
x x 
1  (sec x + tan x) −7 / 2 (sec x + tan x)−11/ 2  ∫  1 1 3 dx
=  + +K
2 7 11 1 + 2 + 5 
− −   x x 
 2 2 
1 1
Let 1 + + 5 =t
∫ f ( x) dx = Ψ( x), then ∫ x f ( x ) dx
5 3 2
5. (c) x x
dt −2 5
I = ∫ x .x f ( x) dx Let x = t
3 2 3 3 = −
dx x 3 x 6
3 x 2 dx = dt −dt 1 1 x10
dt ∫ t 3 2t 2
= + C
 1 1 
+ C =
2(x 5 + x 3 + 1) 2
+C
I = ∫ t f (t ) 2 1 − 2 + 5 
3  x x 

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198 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
9. (c) I 4 + I 6 = ∫ (tan x + tan x ) dx = ∫ tan x sec x dx
4 6 4 2
13. (a) Put ( x 2 − 1) = 1
1 ⇒ 2 xdx = dt
= tan5 x + c
5 1 1 − cos t
2∫
∴ I= dt
1 1 + cos t
⇒ a = ,b =0
5
1 t
10. (c) l = ∫
sin 2 x ⋅ cos 2 xdx =
2 ∫ tan   dt
2
{(sin x + cos 2 x )}(sin 3 x + cos 3 x )
2

1
6
Dividing the numberator and denominator by cos x = ln sec +c
2
tan 2 x sec 2 xdx
⇒ l=∫ . Let, tan3 x = z  x2 − 1 
(1 + tan 3 x ) 2 I = ln sec   +c
 2 
⇒ 3tan 2 x ⋅ sec2 xdx = dz
1 dz −1 −1
l= ∫ = +C = +C 5 x8 + 7 x 6
2
3(1 + tan 3 x)
3 z 3z 14. (d) ∫ ( x2 + 1 + 2 x7 )2
dx
5x
sin 5 x −6 + 7 x −8
2 dx =∫
11. (c) ∫ x  1 1 
2
dx
sin  7 + 5 + 2
2 x x 
5x x 1
2sin cos = +C
=∫ 2 2 dx 1 1
x x 2+ 5 + 7
2sin cos x x
2 2
x7
sin 3x + sin 2 x As f(0) = 0, f ( x) =
=∫ dx 2x + x2 + 1
7
sin x
1
3sin x − 4sin 3 x − 2sin x cos x f (1) =
=∫ dx 4
sin x
= ∫ (3 − 4sin 2 x + 2cos x ) dx
(sin n θ − sin θ )1/ n cos θ
= ∫ (3 − 2(1 − cos 2 x ) + 2cos x ) dx 15. (c) ∫ sin n +1 θ
dθ
= ∫ (1 + 2cos 2 x + 2cos x ) dx = x + 2sin x + sin 2 x + c 1/ n
 1 
sin θ  1 − n −1 
 sin θ
dx =∫ dθ
∫ x (1 + x )
n +1
12. (d) 3 6 2/ 3
= xf ( x)(1 + x6 )1/ 3 + C sin θ
1
dx Put 1 − =t
∫ 2/3
= xf ( x )(1 + x )6 1/ 3
+C sin n −1 θ
 1 
x 7  6 + 1 (n − 1)
x  So cos θ dθ = dt
sin n θ
1 −6
Let t = + 1 dt = 7 dx 1
∫ (t )1/ n dt
6
x x Now
n −1
1 dt 1
− ∫
6 t 2/3
= − t 1/ 3
2
1
+1
1 (t ) n
1/ 3 = +C
1 1  1 (1 + x 6 )1/ 3 ( n − 1) 1 + 1
= −  6 + 1 =−
2 x  2 x2 n
1
1 +1
∴ f ( x) = − 1  1 n
2 x3 = 1 − n −1 = t  + C
n − 1  sin θ 

@iitjeehelps
Indefinite Integration 199
1 −4 x3 18. (a) 2x −1 = t
∫ x5e
−4 x 3
16. (a) dx = e f ( x) + C ,
48 ⇒ 2x −1 = t 2
3
Put x = t ⇒ 2 dx = 2t.dt
3x2 dx = dt t2 +1
+1
x +1
∫x
3
3
⋅ e−4 x ⋅ x 2 dx dx = ∫ 2
∫ 2x −1 t
t dt
1
3∫
t ⋅ e −4 t dt t2 + 3
=∫ dt
2
1  e−4t e−4t 
t ⋅ −∫ dt  1  t3  t
3  −4 −4  =  + 3t  = (t 2 + 9) + c
2 3  6
e −4 t
− [4t + 1] + c  2x −1 + 9 
48 = 2x −1 +c
 6 
−e −4t
[4 x3 + 1] + c  x+4
48 = 2x −1 +c
 3 
f ( x ) = −1 − 4 x 3 x+4
f ( x) =
(From the given options (a) is most suitable) 3

1 − x2 19. (b) I = ∫ cos(ℓnx)dx

17. (b) ∫ x4
dx = A( x)( 1 − x 2 ) m + C ,
I = cos(ln x).x ∫ sin(ℓnx)dx]
1
| x | 2 −1
x cos(ln x).x[sin(ℓnx).x − ∫ cos(ℓnx)dx]
∫ x 4 dx,
x
1 I= [sin(ℓnx ) + cos(ℓnx ) + C
Put 2 − 1 = t 2
x
dt −2 3 x13 + 2 x11
⇒ =
dx x 3
20. (b) ∫ (2 x4
+ 3x 2 + 1) 4
dx

Case (i): x ≥ 0  3 3 
 3 + 5  dx
x x 
3/ 2
1 t
−
2∫
r dt ⇒ −
3
+C ∫  3 1 4
3/ 2 2+ 2 + 4 
1 1   x x 
⇒ −  2 − 1
3 x   3 1 
Let  2 + 2 + 4  = t
( 1 − x 2 )3  x x 
⇒ +C
−3 x 2 1 dt 1
1
− ∫
2 t 4
= 3 +C
6t
A( x ) = 3 and m = 3
3x x12
3 ⇒ +C
 1  1 6(2 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1)3
( A( x ) )
m
= − 3  = −
 3x  27 x 9 21. (a)
Case (ii): x ≤ 0 dy
(A) ( x − 3) + y =0
2

( ) +C
3
1− x 2 dx
we get dx dy
−3x 3
∫ ( x − 3)2 = −∫ y
1
A( x) = ,m = 3 1
−3 x 3 ⇒ = ln | y | +c
1 x −3
( A( x) ) = 9
m

27 x so domain is R − {3}

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200 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(B) Put x = t + 3 (D) f ′( x ) > 0 if cos x > sin x
2
1 − cos2 x
∫ (t + 2)(t + 1)t (t − 1)(t − 2)dt = 22. (d) F ( x) = ∫ sin x dx = ∫
2
dx
−2 2
2
1
∫ t (t − 1)(t 2 − 41)dt = 0 (being odd function )
2
⇒ F ( x) = (2 x − sin 2 x) + c
−2 4
5  1
2 Since, F ( x + π ) ≠ F ( x )
(C) f ( x) = −  sin x − 
4  2 Hence statement-I false.
1 But statement-II is true as sin 2 x is periodic with period π.
Maximum value occurs when sin x =
2

  

@iitjeehelps
Definite Integration and Area 201

17 Definite Integration and Area

QUICK LOOK b b b

∫
a
f ( x)dx ≥ ∫ f ( x)dx ≥ ∫ g ( x)dx, equality holding if f (x) =
a a
Properties of Definite Integral
g (x) at all points of [a, b].
b b

If minimum f(x) = m, maximum f(x) = M, in [a,b] then

∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ f ( z)dz
a a b

b a m (b − a ) ≤ ∫ f ( x)dx ≤ M (b − a), equality holding for

∫ f ( x)dx = −∫ f ( x)dx
a b constant functions.
a

b c b

∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ f ( x)dx + ∫ f ( x)dx, where

a a c
a < c < b. Average Value of a Function Over an Interval
The average value of f(x) over the interval
Note: This property must be used for integrating functions o
b
1
b − a ∫a
piecewise definition. [ a, b] = f ( x) dx
a a

∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ f (a − x)dx
0 0
Definition of Definite Integral
a a

∫ f ( x)dx = 2∫ f ( x)dx if even, i.e.,

−a 0
f (− x) = f ( x ) The definite integral of f(x) over the interval [a, b], denoted by
b

0 if f(x) is odd, i.e., f(– x) = – f(x) ∫ f ( x )dx, is defined as the limit of a sum as follows:
a
na a

∫ f ( x)dx = n∫ f ( x)dx
0 0
if f ( x ) is a periodic function of the b

∫
n
f ( x)dx = lim ∑ hf (a + rh) or lim ∑ hf (a + rh), where
n −1

n →∞ n →∞
a r =1 r =0
period a, i.e., f(a + x = f (x).
nh = b − a f(x) is said to be integrable over [a,b] if the above
na a

∫ f ( x)dx = (n − m)∫ f ( x)dx

ma 0
if f ( x ) is a periodic function two limits exist and are equal.

of the period a.
Fundamental Theorem of Definite Integration
n n −1
Derivative of Indefinite Integral lim ∑ hf (a + rh) or
or lim ∑ hf (a + rh) = F (b) − f ( a)
n →∞ n →∞
x r =1 r =0
dy 

If y = ∫ f (t )dt then = f (t )  = f ( x) Where nh = b − a and F '( x ) = f ( x).
a
dx  t =x
b
φ (x)
dy  Consequently, ∫ f ( x)dx = F (b) − F ( a ), i.e., [ F ( x)]
x =b

If y = ∫
a
f (t )dt then
dφ
= f (t ) 
 t =φ ( x )
= f {φ ( x )}
a
x=a

Where F '( x ) = f ( x ), i.e, F ( x ) is the primitive function of f(x).

Inequalities in Definite Integrals
b Note

If f ( x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ [a, b] then ∫ f ( x)dx ≥ 0, equality holding b
a In computing a definite integral ∫ f ( x ) dx where f ( a ) = f (b), it
if f ( x) = 0 at all points of [a, b]. a

b b is convenient to break the interval in two parts and use

∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx b
a +b
2 b

∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ ∫
a a
f ( x)dx + f ( x)dx.

If f ( x) ≥ g ( x) for all x ∈ [ a , b] then a a a +b
2

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202 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Evaluation of Integral from the First Principle where x is to be expressed in terms of y from the equation
b
of the curve x = φ ( y ).

To find the value of ∫ f ( x )dx from the first principle i.e.,
a
The area bounded by a curve y = f ( x ) and the x-axis is
n n −1 b b b
definition, obtain lim ∑ hf (a + rh ) or lim ∑ hf (a + rh ) = ∫ ydy = ∫ ( y ) y = f ( x ) dx
n →∞
r =1
n →∞
r =0
given by area
a a
∫ f ( x )dx
a
where nh = b − a. where y = f ( x ) cuts the x-axis at (a, 0) and (b, 0)
1 n −1
1 r
n
1 r

∫ f ( x ) dx = lim ∑ f   or lim ∑ f  
The area bounded by a curve x = φ ( y ) and the y-axis is
0
n→∞
r =1 n n n →∞
r =0 n n q q q

given by area = ∫ xdy = ∫ ( x) x =φ ( y ) dy = ∫ φ ( y)dy

p p p
Limit of a Sum as Definite Integral
n
b−a  b−a where x = φ ( y ) cuts the y-axis at (0, p) and (0, q)

lim ∑ f  a + r· 
n →∞
r =1 n  n  Y
x = φ ( y)
b−a 
n −1
b−a
b
Or lim ∑
n  ∫a
f  a + r·  = f ( x ) dx x
n →∞
r =0 n  dy (x, y)
n −1 1
n
1 r 1 r p

lim ∑ f   or lim ∑ f   = ∫ f ( x) dx
n→∞
r =1 n n n →∞
r =0 n n 0 O X

β
Figure 17.4
pn
1 r

lim ∑ f   = ∫ f ( x)dx Nonstandard Areas
n →∞
r =1 n n α An area may be bounded by two curves, or a curve and a line,
r r or two curves and a line etc. such areas are not standard areas.
where α = lim when r = 1, β = lim when r = pn
n →∞ n n →∞ n
In order to compute such areas, do the following:
Y Y
Standard Areas E (b,µ) y = f(x)
y = φ ( x)
B C y = f ( x)

The area bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis, (λ , µ )
y =φ(x)
(i.e., y = 0) the ordinates x = a , x = b (b > a ) is given by area F
A (a,λ)
b
= ∫ ydx
a
A B
O a D b X
Y y = f (x)
O D dx C X
(x, y)
Figure 17.5 Figure 17.6

y
x=a x =b
Divide the whole area into a number of standard areas whose
X
O a dx b algebraic sum (i.e., addition/substraction/or both) gives the
Figure 17.1 required area. Some nonstandard areas are given below.
where y is to be expressed in terms of x from the equation of Observe their computation.
the curve y = f(x) The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and y = φ ( x) is given by

The area bounded by the curve x= φ (y), the y-axis (i.e., b

x = 0) the lines (abscissae) y = p, y = q, ( q > p ) is given by area = ∫ { f ( x) − φ ( x )}dx =ar(AEBCDA) – ar (AFBCDA), where
a
q
the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the curves
area = ∫ xdy
p y = f ( x ) and y = φ ( x) are a and b. The area bounded by the
Y
y=q x = φ ( x) curves y = f ( x ) and y = φ ( x), and the x-axis is given by area
q
x λ b
dy
p
(x, y) = ∫
a
f ( x ) dx + ∫ φ ( x ) dx ar(ACDA) + ar(CDBC), where the points
λ
y=p
of intersection of the curve with the x-axis are (a, 0) and (b, 0)
O X
Figure 17.2 respectively and the two curves intersect at ( λ , µ).

@iitjeehelps
Definite Integration and Area 203
Sketches of Curves: Clearly, in order to decide the limits of When the curve represented by the equation is not a known
integration and sum or difference of standard areas to compute curve we take the following steps to get a rough sketch of the
nonstandard areas, it is essential to have a rough idea about the curve.
shape and orientation of the given curves. Y Y

Sketches of standard curves
Y
x2 + y 2 = a 2
0, O X O X
b a Figure 17.18 Figure 17.19
Y Y +∞
O a X
Figure 17.8
Figure 17.7
Y O
Y x2 = 4by
y 2 = 4ax −∞ O ∞ X
(a > 0) (b > 0)
Figure 17.20 −∞
Figure 17.21
y = −4ax
2

O X X

Y Y
y > 0 for a < x < b
x 2 = −4by
Figure 17.9 Figure 17.10
Y X
Y x 2 / a 2 − y 2 / b2 = 1 O a b X O a b
x 2 / a 2 + y 2 / b2 = 1

O X y < 0 for a < x < b

O X
Figure 17.22 Figure 17.23

Figure 17.11 (i) Symmetry about the axes – If the equation of the curve
Figure 17.12
contains only even powers of x then the curve is symmetrical
X about the y-axis, Again, if only even powers of y appear in the
Y
Y equation then the curve is symmetrical about the x-axis.
xy = c2 y = sin x
1 (ii) Points of intersection with the axes – Solve the equation of
π 3π /2 the curve and y = 0 to find the points of intersection of the
O −π / 2 O π /2 X
curve with the x-axis. If we get only one value of x, say a, the
– y = cot x curve will cut the x-axis at one point only. If x→∞ when y = 0
Figure 17.13 Figure 17.14 then the curve will meet the x-axis at infinity. This fact is
y = tan x shown in the sketch by drawing the end part of the sketch
Y Y
y = cot x
parallel to the positive side of the x-axis. Similarly on the other
side of x→∞ when y = 0.
1 y = ex
Solve the equation of the curve and x = 0 to find the points of
π intersection of the curve with the y-axis. If x→∞ (or x→–∞)
O π /2 −∞ O X
where x = 0 then the curve will meet the y-axis at infinity.
y = cot x Figure 17.16 (iii) Trend of values – Observe the effect on values of y when x
Figure 17.15
changes. See the sign of y for values of x in different intervals.
Y
If y > 0 for a < x < b, the curve will be above the x-axis
y = loge x
between the points (a, f(a)) and (b, f(b)). Instead, if y < 0 then
the curve will be below the x-axis.
O 1 X If y goes on increasing when a < x < b, then portion of the
graph in [a, b] will be rising lower to higher. But if y goes on
−∞ decreasing in a < x < b, the graph will be falling higher to
Figure 17.17
lower. Observe the effect on values of x when y changes and

Sketches of non-standard curves make similar conclusions.

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204 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1 t ln(1 + t )
x
Multiple Choice Questions
x 3 ∫0 t 4 + 4
7. The value of lim dt is [JEE 2010 P-I]
One and More than One Correct x →0

sec2 x
1 1 1
∫
2
f (t ) dt a. 0 b.
12
c.
24
d.
64
1. lim equals [JEE 2007 P-I]
x →π / 4 π2 ln 3
x sin x 2
x2 −
16 8. The value of ∫ sin x2 + sin(ln 6 − x2 ) dx is
ln 2
8 2 2 1
a. f (2) b. f (2) c. f  d. 4 f ( 2 ) [JEE 2011 P -I]
π π π 2
1 3 1 3 3 1 3
a. ln b. ln c. ln d. ln
n n −1 4 2 2 2 2 6 2
n n
2. Let Sn = ∑ and Tn = ∑ for
k =1 n 2
+ kn + k2 k =0 n 2
+ kn + k2 9. Let the straight line x = b divide the area enclosed by
n = 1, 2, 3, ... Then, [JEE 2008 P-I] y = (1 − x)2 , y = 0 and x = 0 into two parts R1 (0 ≤ x ≤ b)
π π
a. S n < b. S n > 1
3 3 3 3 and R2 (b ≤ x ≤ 1) such that R1 − R2 = . Then b equals
4
π π [JEE 2011 P-I]
c. Tn < d. Tn >
3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1
a. b. c. d.
4 2 3 4
1 + sin x
3. The area of the region between the curves y = 2

cos x 10. Let S be the area of the region enclosed by y = e − x ,

1 − sin x π y = 0, x = 0, and x = 1. Then.

and y = bounded by the lines x = 0 and x =
cos x 4 [JEE 2012 P-I]
is [JEE 2008 P-II] 1 1
a. S ≥ b. S ≥ 1 −
2 −1
t
2 −1
4t e e
a. ∫ (1 + t ) 1 − t
2 2
dt b. ∫ (1 + t ) 1 − t 2
2
dt
1 1  1 1  1 
0 0 c. S ≥  1+  d. S ≥ + 1 − 
4 e 2 e 2
2 +1 2 +1
4t t
c. ∫ dt d. ∫ dt π /2
 2 π +x
0 (1 + t ) 1 − t
2 2
0 (1 + t ) 1 − t
2 2 11. The value of the integral
−
∫
π
/2
 x + ln
 π − x 
cos x dx is
4. Area of the region bounded by the curve y = e x and lines [JEE 2012 P-II]
x = 0 and y = e is [JEE 2009 P-I] π 2

e
a. 0 b. −4
2
a. e − 1 b. ∫ ln(e + 1 − y) dy π2 π2
1 c. +4 d.
1 e 2 2
c. e − ∫ e x dx d. ∫ ln ydy 12. The area enclosed by the curves y = sin x + cos x and
0 1
π  π
sin nx yy==| cos x − sin x | over the interval  0,  is
5. If I n = ∫ dx, n = 0,1, 2,..., then  2
− x (1 + π ) sin x
x

[JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]

[JEE 2009 P- II]
10 a. 4( 2 − 1) b. 2 2( 2 − 1)
a. I n = I n + 2 b. ∑ I2m +1 = 10π
m −1 c. 2( 2 + 1) d. 2 2( 2 + 1)
10
13. The area (in square units) bounded by the curves y = x ,
c. ∑I 2m =0 d. I n = In +1
m −1
2 y − x + 3 = 0, x-axis, and lying in the first quadrant is
x 4 (1 − x) 4
1

6. The value (s) of ∫ dx is (are) [JEE 2010 P-I] [JEE Main 2013]
0
1 + x2 a. 9 b. 36
22 2 71 3π 27
a. −π b. c. 0 d. − c. 18 d.
7 105 15 2 4

@iitjeehelps
Definite Integration and Area 205
14. The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve, 20. Let f ( x ) = 7 tan x + 7 tan x − 3 tan x − 3 tan x
8 6 4 2
for all
x
y = ∫ | t | dt , x ∈ R, which are parallel to the line y = 2 x,  π π
x ∈  − ,  . Then the correct expression(s) is (are)?
0  2 2
are equal to [JEE Main 2013] [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
a. ± 1 b. ± 2 c. ± 3 d. ± 4 π /4 1 π /4
a. ∫0
xf ( x) dx =
12
b. ∫ 0
f ( x) dx = 0
π /2

∫ (2(2cos
17 π /4 1 π /4
15. The following integral cosec x)
) dx is equal to c. ∫ xf ( x) dx =
π /4 0 6
d. ∫ 0
f ( x) dx = 1
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
192 x 3 1
log(1+ 2 ) log(1+ 2 ) 21. Let f ′( x) = for all x ∈ R with f   = 0. If
∫ ∫ 2 + sin 4 π x
− u 16 − u 17
a. 2(e + e ) du
u
b. (e + e ) du
u
 2
0 0 1
m≤∫ f ( x) dx ≤ M , then the possible values of m and M
log(1+ 2 ) log(1+ 2 ) 1/ 2

∫ ∫
− u 17 − u 16
c. (e − e ) du
u
d. 2(e − e ) du
u
are [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
0 0
1 1
a. m = 13, M = 24 b. m = , M =
16. Let f :[0, 2] → R be a function which is continuous on 4 2
[0, 2] and is differentiable on (0, 2) with f (0) = 1. Let c. M = −11, M = 0 d. M = 1, M = 12
4
x2 log x 2
F ( x) = ∫ f ( t ) dt for x ∈[0,2]. If F ′( x) = f ′( x) for all 22. The integral ∫2 log x2 + log(36 − 12x + x2 ) dx is equal to:
0

x ∈ (0, 2), then F (2) equals [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] [JEE Main 2015]
a. 2 b. 4 c. 1 d. 6
a. e2 −1 b. e4 −1
23. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by
c. e − 1 d. e4
{( x , y ) : y 2 ≤ 2 x and y ≥ 4 x − 1} is [JEE Main 2015]
π
x x 7
17. The integral ∫ 1 + 4sin 2
2
− 4sin dx equals:
2 a. b.
5
0 32 64
[JEE Main 2014] 15 9
2π c. d.
a. π − 4 b. −4−4 3 64 32
3
π 24. The area (in sq. units) of the region {( x, y ) : y 2 ≥ 2 x and
c. 4 3 − 4 d. 4 3 − 4 −
3 x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4 x, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0} is: [JEE Main 2016]
18. The area of the region described A = {( x , y ) : x + y ≤ 1 2 2

4 8 4 2 π 2 2
and y 2 ≤ 1 − x} is [JEE Main 2014] a. π − b. π − c. π − d. −
3 3 3 2 3
π
4 4 π π
a. + b. −
2 3 2 3
2
x 2 cos x
π 2 π 2
25. The value of ∫π 1 + ex
dx is equal to [JEE Adv.2016 P-II]
c. − d. + −
2
2 3 2 3
π 2
π2
19. The option(s) with the values of a and L that satisfy the a. −2 b. +2
4 4
4π
∫ (sin at + cos 4 at ) dt c. π 2 − eπ / 2 d. π 2 + eπ / 2
6

following equation is(are) 0

π
= L?
∫ e (sin at + cos 4 at ) dt
1 6
13
0 1
26. The value of ∑ is equal to
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-II] k =1  π (k − 1)π   π kπ 
sin  + sin +
4 6   4 6 
e 4π − 1 e 4π + 1
a. a = 2, L = b. a = 2, L = [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
eπ − 1 eπ + 1
e 4π − 1 e 4π + 1 a. 3 − 3 b. 2(3 − 3 )
c. a = 4, L = d. a = 4, L =
eπ − 1 eπ + 1 c. 2( 3 − 1) d. 2(2 + 3 )

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206 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
27. Area of the region {( x, y ) ∈ R : y ≥ | x + 3 |, 5 y ≤ x + 9 ≤ 15} is
2
35. Let S(a) = {(x,y) : y2 ≤ x, 0≤ x ≤ a} and A(a) is area of the
equal to [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II] region S(a). If for a λ, 0 < λ < 4, A(λ) : A(4) = 2 : 5, then λ
equals [JEE Main 2019]
3 5 1 4
a. b. c. d. 1 1 1 1
2 3 6 3  4 3  4 3  2 3  2 3
a. 2   b. 4   c. 2   d. 4  
3π / 4  25   25  5 5
dx
28. The integral ∫ 1 + cos x
is equal to [JEE Main 2017] x
π/ 4 36. Let f ( x ) = ∫ g (t ) dt , where g is a non zero even function. If
a. 4 b. –1 c. –2 d. 2 0
x
29. The area (in sq. units) of the region f ( x + 5) = g ( x ), then ∫ f (t )dt equals: [JEE Main 2019]
{( x, y ) : x ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 3, x 2
≤ 4 y and y ≤ 1 + x } is 5
0
5

[JEE Main 2017] a. ∫

x+5
g (t ) dt b. 5 ∫ g (t ) dt
x +5
7 5 59 3 x +5 x+5
a. b. c. d.
3 2 12 2 c. ∫
5
g (t ) dt d. 2 ∫ g (t ) dt
x
30. If the line x=α divides the area of region
37. The area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola y = x2 – 1,
R= { ( x , y ) ∈ R 2 : x 3 ≤ y ≤ x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 } into two equal the tangent at the point (2,3) to it and the y-axis is:
parts, then [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] [JEE Main 2019]
1 14 56 8 32
a. 0 < α ≤ b. 2α 4 − 4α 2 + 1 = 0 a. b. c. d.
2 3 3 3 3
1
c. α4 + 4α2 − 1 = 0 d. < α <1 π
2 38. The value of ∫ | cos x |2 dx [JEE Main 2019]
0
98 k +1
k +1
31. If I = ∑ ∫ x ( x + 1) dx , then [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] a. 2/3 b. 0 c. –4/3 d. 4/3
k =1 k
π

a. I >
49
b. I <
49 3
tan θ 1
50 50 39. If ∫ dθ = 1 − , (k > 0), then the value of k is:
0 2k sec θ 2
c. I < log e 99 d. I > log e 99
[JEE Main 2019]
sin ( 2 x ) a. 2 b. 1/2 c. 4 d. 1
32. If g ( x ) = ∫ sin −1 ( t ) dt , then [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II]
sin x 40. The area of the region A = [( x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x | x | +1 and
 π  π −1 ≤ x ≤ 1] in sq. units, is:
a. g'  −  = −2π b. g '  −  = 2π [JEE Main 2019]
 2  2 a. 2/3 b. 1/3 c. 3 d. 4/3
 π  π
c. g '   = 2π d. g'   = −2π 41. If the area enclosed between the curves y = kx2 and
2 2
x = ky2, (k > 0), is 1 square unit. Then k is:
π
2
sin 2 x [JEE Main 2019]
33. Then value of ∫π 1 + 2 x dx is: [JEE Main 2018]
a.
1
b.
2
−
2 3 3
π π 3
a. b. c. d. 3
4 8 2
π
c. d. 4π b
2 42. Let I = ∫ a
( x 4 − 2 x 2 )dx. If I is minimum then the ordered
34. The area (in sq. units) of the region A = {(x, y)∈ R × R|0 ≤ pair (a, b) is: [JEE Main 2019]
x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4, y ≤ x2 + 3x} is: [JEE Main 2019] a. ( − 2, 0) b. ( − 2, 2 )
a. 53/6 b. 59/6
c. (0, 2) d. ( 2, − 2 )
c. 8 d. 26/3

@iitjeehelps
Definite Integration and Area 207
π /2 49. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the
dx
43. The value of
−
∫
π
/2
[ x] + [sin x] + 4
, where [t] denotes the parabola, y = x2 + 2 and the lines, y = x + 1, x = 0 and
x = 3, is: [JEE Main 2019]
greatest integer less than or equal to t, is:
a. 15/4 b. 15/2
[JEE Main 2019]
c. 21/2 d. 17/4
1 3
a. (7π + 5) b. (4π − 3)
 x  
2x x
12 10 e
e
50. The integral ∫   −    log e x.dx is equal to:
c.
1
(7π − 5) d.
3
(4π − 3) 1  e   x 
12 20
[JEE Main 2019]
x 1
44. ∫
0
f (t )dt = x 2 + ∫ t 2 f (t )dt , then f ′(1/ 2) is:
x
a.
1
2 e
1
−e− 2
3 1 1
b. − − 2
2 e 2e
[JEE Main 2019] 1 1 1 3 1
c. − + − 2 d. −e− 2
6 24 2 e 2e 2 2e
a. b.
25 25
51. Area bounded the points ( x. y ) in cartesian plane
18 4
c. d. satisfying xy ≤ 8 and 1 ≤ y ≤ x 2 will be
25 5
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
45. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curve
x2 = 4y and the straight line x = 4y – 2 [JEE Main 2019] 14 7
a. 16ℓn2 − b. 8ℓ n 2 −
a. 5/4 b. 9/8 c. 3/4 d. 7/8 3 3
2
sin 2 x 14
46. The value of the integral c. 8ℓn 2 − d. 16 ℓ n 2 − 6
∫ x  1 dx (where [x] denotes
−2 
3
 π  + 2

the greatest integer less than 20

Cr or equal to x) is: Matrix Match / Column Match
[JEE Main 2019] 52. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II:
a. 4 b. 4 – sin4 c. sin 4 d. 0 [JEE 2006]
π /4 dx Column I Column II
47. The integral ∫ equals:
π / 6 sin 2 x (tan 5 x + cot 5 x ) π /2
(A) 1. 1
∫ (sin x)
cos x

[JEE Main 2019] 0

1 π −1  1   1π −1  1  
(cos x cot x − log(sin x)sin x )dx
a.  − tan   b.  − tan  
10  4  9 3  5 4  3 3  (B) Area bounded by 2. 0
π π  1  −4 y = x and x − 1 = 5 y
2 2

c. d. − tan −1  
10 20 9 3 (C) Cosine of the angle of 3. 6 ln 2
48. The area (in sq. units) in the first quadrant bounded by the intersection of curves
parabola, y = x2 + 1, the tangent to it at the point (2, 5) and y = 3x−1 log x and y = xx –1
− is
the coordinate axes is: [JEE Main 2019] (D) Data could not be retrieved. 4. 4 / 3
a. A→ 1; B→ 4; C→1; D→ 3
(2, 5) b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(3/4,0) (2,0) 53. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II:
[JEE 2006]
Column I Column II
4x – y =3 (A) Two rays in the first 1. 2
14 187 37 8 quadrant x + y = |a| and
a. b. c. d.
3 24 24 3 ax − y = 1 intersects

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208 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
each other in the (B) The values of x satisfying 2. 0
interval a∈(a0, ∞), the tan −1 ( x + 3) − tan −1 ( x − 3) =
value of a0 is 3
sin −1   are
(B) Point (α,β,γ) lies on the 2. 4 / 3 5
plane x + y + z = 2. Let  
(C) Non-zero vectors a , b and c 3. 4
    
a = α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ, satisfy a ⋅ b = 0, (b − a ) ⋅
    
kˆ × (kˆ × a ) = 0, then γ = (b + c ) = 0 and 2 | b − c |
1 0 1 0     
=| b − a | . If a = µ b + 4 c ,
(C) ∫ (1− y2 )dx + ∫( y2 −1)dy 3.
∫
0
1 − x dx + ∫
1
1 + x dx
0 1 then the possible values of
(D) If sin A sin B sin C + 4. 1 µ are
cos A cos B = 1 then the (D) Let f be the function on 4. 5
value of sin C = [−π ,π ] given by f (0) = 9
a. A→ 4; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
 9x 
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 and f ( x) = sin  
 2 
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1  x
sin   for x ≠ 0. The value
54. Match the integrals in Column I with the values in 2
π
Column II [JEE 2007 P-I] 2
Column I Column II
of
π ∫
−π
f ( x)dx is

 2
1
dx 1 5. 6
(A) ∫ 1+ x
−1
2 1.
2
log  
3
1
dx  2 a. A→ 5; B→ 1,3; C→ 2,4; D→ 3
(B) ∫
0 1− x 2
2. 2log  
 3 b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
3
dx π c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
(C) ∫1− x
2
2
3.
3 d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
2
dx π
(D) ∫x x −12
4.
2
56. Match the statements given in Column I with the values
1 given in Column II. [JEE 2011 P-II]
a. A→ 4; B→ 4; C→ 1; D→ 3 Column I Column II
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4  ˆ ˆ ˆ π
(A) If a = j + 3k = − ˆj + 3k 1.
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4  6
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 and c = 2 3kˆ form a
55. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II. triangle, then the internal
[JEE 2010 P-II] angle of the triangle

Column I Column II between a and b is
(A) A line from the origin meets 1. –1 b 2π
(B) If ∫ ( f ( x ) − 3 x ) dx = a 2 − b 2 , 2.
x − 2 y −1 a 3
the lines =
1 −2 π 
then the value of f   is
x−
8 6
z +1 3 = y+3
= and π2 π
1 2 −1 (C) The value of 3.
ln 3 3
z −1
= at P and Q 5/ 6
1
∫ sec(π x) dx is
respectively. If length PQ = 7/6

d, then d 2 is (D) The maximum value 4. π

@iitjeehelps
Definite Integration and Area 209

 1  (B) In a triangle ∆XYZ, let a, b and 2. 2

Arg  for | z |= 1, z ≠ 1
 1 − z  c be the lengths of the sides
opposite to the angles X, Y and
f is given by
Z, respectively. If 1 + cos 2 X −
π
5. 2cos 2Y = 2sin X sin Y , then
2
a. A→ 2; B→ 1; C→ 4; D→ 5 a
possible value(s) of is (are)
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 b
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 (C) In R2 , let 3iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + 3 ˆj and 3. 3
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
β iˆ + (1 − β ) ˆj be the position
57. Match the following: [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] vectors of X, Y and Z with respect
Column I Column II of the origin O, respectively. If the
(A) The number of polynomials 1. 8 distance of Z from the bisector of
f ( x) with non-negative integer  
the acute angle of OX with OY is
coefficients of degree ≤ 2, 3
1 , then possible value(s) of |β|
2
satisfying f (0) = 0 and ∫
0
f ( x ) dx
is (are)
= 1, is (D) Suppose that F(α) denotes the 4. 5
(B) The number of points in the 2. 2 area of the region bounded by
interval [− 13, 13] at which x = 0, x = 2, y 2 = 4 x and

f ( x) = sin( x 2 ) + cos( x 2 ) attains y = | α x −1| + | α x − 2 | + α x,

where α ∈{0,1}. Then the
its maximum value, is
2
3x 2 3. 4 8
value(s) of F (α) + 2, when
(C) ∫ (1 + e x ) dx equals
−2
3
α = 0 and α = 1, is (are)
 1/ 2 4. 0
 1+ x  
 ∫ cos2x.log   dx  5. 6
 1− x  
(D)  −1/1/22 equals a. A→ 1,3,4; B→ 1; C→ 1,2; D→ 4,5
  1+ x   b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
 ∫ cos2x.log   dx 
0  1− x   c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
a. A→ 2; B→ 3; C→ 1; D→ 4 d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
Statement or Assertion & Reason
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
π /3
dx
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 59. Statement-I The value of the integral ∫
π 1+
/6 tan x
is
58. Match the thermodynamic processes given under Column
π
I with the expression given under Column II: equal to [JEE Main 2013]
6
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
and
Column I Column II
b b
(A) In a triangle ∆XYZ , let a, b and 1. 1 Statement-II ∫ f ( x) dx = ∫ (a + b − x) dx
c be the lengths of the sides a a

opposite to the angles X, Y and a. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-II is

Z, respectively. If 2(a2 – b2) a correct explanation for Statement-I
sin( X − Y ) b. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-II is
= c2 and λ = , then
sin Z a not a correct explanation for Statement-I
possible values of n for which c. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is false
cos( nπλ ) = 0 is (are) d. Statement-I is false; Statement-II is true

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210 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Paragraph b
x
b. −∫ dx + bf (b) − af (a)
a 3( ( f ( x)) − 1)
2
Paragraph for Question No. 60 to 61
Suppose we define the definite integral using the following b
x
b
formula ∫ f ( x )dx =
d −a
( f (a) + f (b)),
c. ∫ 3( ( f ( x))
a
2
− 1)
dx − bf (b) + af (a)
a
2
b
for more accurate result for x
d. −∫ dx − bf (b) + af (a)
a 3( ( f ( x )) − 1)
2
c−a b−c
c ∈ ( a, b) F (c) = ( f ( a ) + f (c)) +
2 2 1
a+b 64. − ∫ g′( x) dx =
( f (b) + f (c)). When c = ,
2 −1

b
b−a a. 2 g ( −1) b. 0 c. −2 g (1) d. 2g(1)
∫ f ( x )dx =
a
4
( f ( a ) + f (b ) + 2 f (c )). [JEE 2006]
x

65. Let g ( x) = ∫ f ′(t2) dt which of the following is true?

e
π /2
60. ∫ sin x dx is equal to 0
1+ t
0
a. g ′( x) is positive on ( −∞ , 0) and negative on (0, ∞)
π π π π
a. (1 + 2) b. (1 + 2) c. d. b. g ′( x) is negative on ( −∞ , 0) and positive on (0, ∞)
8 4 8 2 4 2
c. g ′( x) changes sign on both ( −∞ , 0) and (0, ∞)
61. If f ′′( x) < 0 ∀x ∈ (a, b) and c is a point such that a < c < b ,
d. g ′( x) does not change sign on (−∞, ∞)
and (c, f (c)) is the point lying on the curve for which
66. The area bounded by the curve y = f (x) and the lines x =
F (c ) is maximum, then f ′( c ) is equal to
0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval
f (b ) − f ( a ) 2( f (b) − f (a ))
a. b. 3   21 11 
b−a b−a a.  ,3  b.  , 
4   64 16 
2 f (b ) − f ( a )
c. d. 0  21 
2b − a c. (9,10) d.  0, 
Paragraph for Question No. 62 to 66  64 
Consider the functions defined implicitly by the equation
y 3 − 3 y + x = 0 on various intervals in the real line. If Paragraph for Question No. 67 to 68
Let S = S1 ∩ S2 ∩ S3 , where S1 = {z ∈ C :| z | < 4}, S2 =
x ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, ∞), the equation implicitly defines a unique
  z − 1 + 3i  
real valued differentiable function y = f ( x). If x∈ (−2, 2), the  z ∈ C : Im   > 0 and S3 = {z ∈ C : Re Z > 0}.
equation implicitly defines a unique real valued differentiable   1 − 3i  
function y = g ( x) satisfying g(0) = 0. [JEE 2008 P-I] [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]
` 67. Area of S =
62. If f (−10 2) = 2 2, then f ′′(−10 2) = 10π 20π 16π 32π
a. b. c. d.
3 3 3 3
4 2 4 2
a. b. −
7332 7332 68. min | 1 − 3i − z |=
z∈S
4 2 4 2
c. 3 d. − 3 2− 3 2+ 3 3− 3 3+ 3
73 73 a. b. c. d.
2 2 2 2
63. The area of the region bounded by the curves y = f ( x),
Paragraph for Question No. 69 to 71
the x-axis, and the lines x = a and x = b, where
1−h
−∞ < a < b < −2, is ∫t
−a
Given that for each a ∈ (0,1,), lim+ (1 − t )a−1at exists. Let this
h→0
h
b
x
a. ∫ dx + bf (b) − af (a) limit be g (a ). In addition, it is given that the function g (a) is
a 3( ( f ( x)) − 1)
2

differentiable on (0, 1). [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]

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Definite Integration and Area 211
69. The value of 1 d 1
 2
g   is
2 77. The value of ∫ 4 x3  2 (1 − x 2 )5  dx is _____
 dx 
a. π b. 2π
0

[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]

π π π
c. d. x2 +
2 4 6
 1
78. Let F ( x) = ∫ 2cos2 tdt for all x ∈ R and f : 0,  →[0, ∞)
1  2
70. The value of g ′   is x

 2  1
π π be a continuous function. For a ∈  0,  , if F ′( a) + 2 is
a. b. π c. − d. 0  2
2 2 the area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, y = f (x)
3 3 and x = a, then f (0) is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
71. If ∫
1
x 2 F ′( x) dx = −12 and ∫ 1
F ′′( x) dx = 40, then the
79. Let f :R→R be a function defined by
correct expression(s) is(are)
a. 9 f ′(3) + f ′(1) − 32 = 0 b. ∫1
3
f ( x) dx = 12
f ( x) = {[0,x], x≤2
x>2
, where [x] is the greatest integer
2
3 xf ( x 2 )
c. 9 f ′(3) − f ′(1) + 32 = 0 d. ∫1
f ( x)dx = −12 less than or equal to x. If I = ∫ 2 + f ( x + 1) dx, then the
−1

value of (4 I − 1) is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]

Integer & Subjective
1 −  12 + 9 x 2  −1
π
 1  1  80. If α = ∫ (e9 x +3tan x )   dx where tan x takes only
72. Evaluate ∫e
cos x
 2 sin  cos x  + 3cos  cos x   sin x dx
0
 1 + x 2

0  2  2 
 3π 
[JEE 2005] principal values, then the value of  log e |1 + α | is
 4 
73. Find the area bounded by the curves x 2 = y , x 2 = − y and [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
y2 = 4x − 3 [JEE 2005] 81. Let f : R → R be a continuous odd function, which
1
 4a 2 4a 1  f (−1)  3a 2 + 3a  vanishes exactly at one point and f (1) = . Suppose that
    2
74. If  4b 2 4b 1  f (1)  3b 2 + 3b  , f ( x) is a quadratic
F ( x ) = ∫ f (t ) dt for all x ∈ [1 − 1, 2] and G(x) = ∫ t | f ( f (t))| dt
x x
 4c 2 4c 1  f (2)  3c 2 + 3c  −1 −1

function and its maximum value occurs at a point V. A is a for all x ∈[−1, 2]. If lim F ( x) = 1 , then the value of
x →1 G ( x) 14
point of intersection of y = f ( x) with x-axis and point B is
1
such that chord AB subtends a right angle at V. Find the f   is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
2
area enclosed by f ( x) and chord AB. [JEE 2005]
82. The total number of distinct x ∈ [0, 1] for which
1 x
t2
∫ (1 − x
50 100

75. The value of is 0

) dx
[JEE 2006] ∫ 1+ t 4
dt = 2 x − 1 is [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]
5050 1
0

∫ (1 − x
50 101
) dx 83. A farmer F1 has a land in the shape of a triangle with
0
vertices at P(0, 0), Q(1, 1) and R(2, 0). From this land, a
Q
neighbouring farmer F2 takes away the region which lies
between the side PQ and a curve of the form
S
P (2,0) y = x n ( n > 1). If the area of the region taken away by the
farmer F2 is exactly 30% of the area of ∆PQR, then the
value of n is _____. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
76. Let S be the focus of the parabola y2 = 8x and let PQ be 1
the common chord of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x –4y = 0 and 2
1+ 3
the given parabola. The area of the triangle PQS is.
84. The value of the integral ∫ 1
dx is

[JEE 2012 P-I]

0
(( x + 1) (1 − x ) )
2 6 4

______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]

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212 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
2 π /4 dx e
85. I= ∫ then find 27 I 2 . Required Area = ∫ ln ydy
π −π / 4 (1 + e sin x
)(2 − cos 2 x ) 1

[JEE Adv. 2019 P-I] = ( y ln y − y ) = ( e − e) − {− 1} = 1

e
1
π /2
3 cos θ
e e

86. If I = ∫
0
( sin θ + cos θ )5
dθ , then I 2 is equal to Also ∫ ln ydy = ∫ ln (e + 1 − y ) dy
1 1
1
[JEE Adv. 2019 P.II] Further the required are = e × 1 − ∫ e x dx
0
π
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS sin nx
sec2 x
5. (a.b.c) I n =
−
∫π (1 + π x
) sin x
dx

∫ f (t ) dt
0 
π
 sin nx π x sin nx  π
sin nx
(a) lim 2 = ∫ +  dx = ∫
1.
π2  from  (1 + π x
)sin x (1 + π x
)sin x
x→π / 4
0  0  0 sin x
x2 −
16 π
sin(n + 2)x − sin nx
2
Now, I n + 2 − I 2 = ∫ dx
f (sec x)2sec x sec x tan x sin x
Let L = lim
0
x→π / 4
2x π
2 cos(n + 1)x ⋅ sin x
2 f (2) 8 f (2)
= ∫ sin x
dx = 0
∴ L= = 0
π /4 π π
⇒ I1 = π , I 2 = ∫ 2 cos xdx = 0
2. (a,d) Sn < lim 0
n→∞

x 4 (1 − x) 4
1 1
1 n
1 dx π 1
(a) ∫

dx = ∫  x 6 − 4 x5 + 5 x 4 − 4 x 2 + 4 −
4 
Sn = lim ∑ . =∫ = 6. dx
n→∞
k =1 n 1 + k / n + (k / n)
2
1+ x + x 3 3
2
0
1 + x2 0
1 + x2 
0
1
π
n−1 1 n  x 7 2 x6 4 x3 
Now, Tn >
3 3
as h ∑ f (kh) > ∫ f ( x)dx > h∑ f (kh)
k =0 k =1
= −
 7 3
+ x5 −
3
+ 4x − π
0
0

1 2 4 22
π /4
 1 + sin x 1 − sin x  = − +1− + 4 − π = −π
3. (b) ∫
0

 cos x
−
cos x 
 dx 7 3 3 7

1 t ln(1 + t )dt x ln(1 + x )

x

x 3 ∫0 t 4 + 4
 
7. (b) lim = lim 4
x x x→0 x → 0 ( x + 4)3 x 2
π /4  1 + tan 1 − tan 
2 2
= ∫ 
 1 − tan x
−
x
 dx
 = lim
1 ln(1 + x) 1
= .
0
 1 + tan  x→0 3 x( x4 + 4) 12
 2 2 
ln x
 x  x x x sin x 2
 1 + tan  −  1 − tan  π /4 2 tan 8. (a) I = ∫ sin x + sin(ln 6 − x 2 ) dx
2

=∫    dx =
2 2 2
∫0
ln 2
dx
2 x
ln 3
2 x sin t dt
1 − tan 1 − tan
2 2
⇒ I=
ln 2
∫ sin t + sin(ln 6 − t) 2
2 −1
4t x | Put x 2 = t
= ∫ (1 + t 2 ) 1 − t 2
dt as tan
2
= t.
sin(ln 6 − t)
ln 3
0 1
2 ln∫2 sin(ln 6 − t) + sin t
⇒ I= dt

4. (b,c,d) y = ex 1
ln 3
1 3
2 ln∫2
y Adding 2I = dt = ln
2 2
y=e
1 3
∴ I= ln
(0, 1) 4 2
x
x=1 1
9. (b) R1 − R 2 =
4

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Definite Integration and Area 213
b 1 π
1  
∫ (1 − x) dx −∫ (1 − x) dx = 4
2 2
⇒  2
2

0 b = 2  x .sin x |0 −2 ∫ x sin x dx 
π /2

b 1
1  0 
⇒ 2 ∫ (1 − x)2 dx − ∫ (1 − x) 2 dx =
0 0 4  2  π

π 
2

(1 − x)3 (1 − x)3
b 1
1 = 2  − 2 − x cos x |0 + ∫ cos xdx 
π /2

⇒ −2 + = 
4  0 
3 0 3 0
4   
 1 1 π 2  π 2  π2
− ( (1 − b)3 − 1) +  0 −  =
2
⇒ = 2  − 20 + sin x |π0 / 2  = 2  − 2(+1)  = −4
3  3 4
4  4  2
2 2 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ (1 − b)3 = − − = − =  π
3 3 3 4 3 4 12 12. (b) y1 = sin x + cos x = 2 sin  x + 
 4
1 1 1
⇒ (1 − b)3 = ⇒ 1− b = ⇒ b = π 
8 2 2 y2 = 2 sin  − x 
1  4 
10. (a,b,d) y = e− x , y = 0, x = 0, x = 1 ∫ e − x dx
2 2
π π
4 2
0

1 ⇒ Area = ∫ ((sin x + cos) − (cos x − sin)) dx + ∫ ((sin x + cos x) − (sin x − cos)) d

0

1 1π π
e 4 2
e = ∫ ((sin x + cos) − (cos x − sin)) dx + ∫ ((sin x + cos x) − (sin x − cos)) dx = 4 − 2 2
π
4
0 1 1
 x−3
2 9 9

We have 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
13. (a) y = x and 2 y − x + 3 = 0 ∫
0
x dx − ∫ 
3
2 
dx

⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ x ≤ 1 ⇒ 0 ≥ − x ≥ − x ≥ −1
2 2
y
2
⇒ 1 ≥ e− x ≥ e− x ≥ e−1 y= x
(9,3)
1 1

∫e dx ≥ ∫ e− x dx ≥
− x2
⇒
0 0
2y − x + 3 = 0
1 1
1
∫e
2
−x
⇒ dx ≥ −e− x = 1− x
e (3, 0)
0 0
9
1 2 1   x2 
∴ S ≥1− Also e − x ≥
e e 9   − 3x  
 x  
3/ 2
2 
1
1 1
1
  − 
∫0 e dx ≥ ∫0 e dx = e
− x2 3/ 2 2
⇒  0  
  3
1
∴ S≥ ⇒ 9 square units
e
x
(c) is wrong because (b) is correct.
14. (a) y = ∫ | t | dt Case (i): If t > 0
1
1  1  − 12 1 1  1 
∫ e dx ≤
2
−x 0
×1 + 1 − ⋅e ≤ + 1 − 
0 2  2 2 e 2 t2 
x
x 2 dy
π π
y=  = = =x=2
 2  0 2 dx
2 2
π +x
11. (b) ∫π x 2 cos x dx + ∫π ℓn π − x .cos x dx ⇒ x = 2 and y = 2
− −
2 2 ( y − 2) = 2( x − 2)
π
2 ⇒ y − 2 x + 2 = 0. Hence x intercept = 1
= 2.∫ x 2 cos x dx + 0
0 Case (ii): t < 0
[as 2 integration, as function is odd]
nd
Similarly, x intercept = − 1

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214 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π 1
4
2 The area of region A is A = ∫ (1 − y 2 ) dy =
∫ (2cosec x)
17
15. (a) dx −1
3
π
π π
4
And area of region B is B = (1) 2 =
π 2 2
Let eu + e− u = 2cosec x, x = π 4
4 ∴ Required area A + B = +
π 2 3
⇒ u = ln(1 + 2), x = ⇒ u=0
2 π

⇒ cosec x + cot x = e u
19. (a,c) Let ∫
0
e1 (sin 6 at + cos 4 at) dt = A
2π
⇒ and cosec x − cot x = e − u I = ∫ e1 (sin 6 + at + cos 4 at) dt
π

eu − e − u Put t = π + x dt = dx
⇒ cot x (eu − e − u )dx = −2cosec x cot xdx
2 for a = 2 as well as a = 4
(e u − e − u ) 3π
∫ π e (sin at + cos 4 at) dt = e 2π A
1 6
⇒ − ∫ (eu + e − u )17 du Similarly
2
2cosec x cot x
ln(1+ 2 ) A + eπ A + e2π A + e3π A 34π −1
L= = π
0
So,
∫ ∫
− u 16 − u 16
= −2 (e + e ) du =
u
2(e + e ) du
u
A e −1
ln(1+ 2 ) 0
For both a = 2, 4
16. (b) F (0) = 0 F ′( x) = 2 xf ( x) = f ′( x)
20. (a,b) f ( x ) = (7 tan 6 x − 3 tan 2 x ) (tan 2 x + 1)
x2 +c x2
f ( x) = e f ( x) = e (∵ f (0) = 1) π /4 π /4

x 2
2
∫0
f ( x)dx = ∫
0
(7 tan 6 x − 3tan 2 x)sec2 xdx
F ( x ) = ∫ e x dx F ( x) = e − 1 (∵ F (0) = 0)
x
π /4
0
⇒ ∫0
f ( x) dx = 0
⇒ F (2) = e 4 − 1 π /4 π /4 π /4
∫ xf ( x)dx =  x ∫ f ( x) dx  − ∫  f ( x) dx  dx
π π
0  0 0 ∫ 
x x x
17. (d) I = ∫ 1 + 4sin − 4sin I = ∫ 1 − 2sin dx
2
π /4 1
0
2 2 0
2 ∫0
xf ( x) dx =
12
π
192 x 3 192 x 3
∫ 2 ∫1/ 2
π
3
 x  π 21. (d) t dt ≤ f ( x ) ≤ t dt
I = ∫  1 − 2sin dx + ∫ −  1 − 2sin dx 3 1/ 2
0  2  π  2
3
3
16 x 4 − 1 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 24 x 4 −
π 2
π
 x3  x 1  3
1 =  x + 4 cos  +  − x − 4 cos  1 1
 2 0  2 π
3
∫ (16 x 4 − 1)dx ≤ ∫ f ( x)dx ≤ ∫  24 x 2 −  dx
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
 2
π  3   π  3 26 1 39
10 ∫1/ 2
1= + 4  − 1 −  π −  − 4  0 −  1< ≤ f ( x ) dx ≤ < 12
3  2   3  2  10
4
log x2
π 2π π 22. (c) ∫ log x dx
I = +2 3−4− +2 3 = 4 3−4− 3
2
+ log(6 − x ) 2
3 3 3
4
18. (a) The required region is log x
I=∫ dx . . .(i)
y 2
log x + log(6 − x )
f (a + b − x ) = f ( x )
log(6 − x )
4
B A I =∫ dx . . .(ii)
x 2
log(6 − x ) + log x
θ
log x + log(6 − x )
4
(i) + (ii) 2 I = ∫ dx
2
log(6 − x ) + log x
x 2 + y2 = 1
4
2 I ∫ dx 2 I = 4 − 2 2 I = 2 I = 1
y2 = 1 − x
2

@iitjeehelps
Definite Integration and Area 215
23. (d) y  π kπ   π π 
sin  +  −  + (k −1) 
 4 6   4 6 
13
26. (c) ∑ =
k =1 π   π kπ   π π 
sin  sin  + sin  + (k −1)  
6  4 6   4 6 
x′ x
13
 π π  π kπ  
2∑ cot  + (k −1)  − cot  +  
k =1   4 6   4 6 
 π   π 13π 
= 2  cot − cot   + 
y′  4  4 6 

y 2 ≤ 2 x & y ≥ 4x −1   29π     5π  
= 2 1 − cot    = 2 1 − cot   
−1   12     12  
By solving y 2 = 2 x & y = 4 x − 1 y = 1,
2 = 2(1 − (2 − 3)) = 2( −1 + 3) = 2( 3 − 1)
 y + 1   y 2  
1
9 −3
A=
−1 
∫ 
4  −  2   dy = 32
    27. (c) Area ABE (under parabola) = ∫ − x − 3 dx =
2
−4
3
2

y2=x+3
24. (b) y2 =–x – 3
B (2, 2)
C
E(–4, 1)
D(1, 2)

O A(2, 0) (0, 0) (2, 0)

5y = x + 9 (–4,0) A B(–3,0) C(1, 0)
x=6

1
16
Area BCD (under parabola) = ∫ x + 3 dx =
y = 2x
2
and x + y = 4x
2 2
meet at O (0,0) and −3
3

B(2,2){(2, −2) is not considered as x, y ≥ 0} y2 = 2x 1 15

Area of trapezium ACDE = (1 + 2)5 =
2 2
x 2 + y 2 = 4 x, O (0,0) B(2,2){(2, −2) x, y ≥ 0}
15 16 2 3
2 Required area = − − =
Now required area = (Area of quadrant of circle) − 2 3 3 2
3
3π / 4
2 8 dx
(Area of rectangle OABC) = π − .(2.2) = π −
3 3
28. (d) I =
π
∫/4
1 + cos x
. . .(i)

Alter: y 2 ≥ 2 x & x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4 x; x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 3π / 4
dx
x + 2 x = 4 x ; x − 2 x = 0 x = 0, 2
2 2
I=
π
∫ /4
1 − cos x
. . .(ii)

2 3π / 4
8 2
∫ ( 4 x − x − 2x ) dx = π − Adding (i) and (ii) we get 2 I = ∫
2
dx
0 3 π /4
sin 2 x
π 3π / 4
2
x 2 cos x ⇒ I= ∫ cosec 2 x dx ⇒ I = − (cot x )π3π/ 4/ 4 = 2
25. (a) 1 = ∫π (1 + e x )
dx π /4

−
2 1 2 2
x2 5
π 29. (a) Area = ∫ (1 + x ) dx + ∫ (3 − x ) dx − ∫ dx =
2
 x 2 cos x x 2 cos x  0 1 0
4 2
⇒ 1= ∫ + dx
0
1 + ex 1 + e− x  x+y=3

π
(1, 2) y = 1+ x
2 π
1 = ∫ x cos xdx = ( x sin x − 2 x ( − cos x ) + (2)( − sin x ))
2 2 2
0
4y = x2
0 (0, 1)

π2  π2 (2, 1)
=  − 2  − (0) = −2
 4  4 (0, 0) (1, 0) (2, 0)

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216 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
30. (b, d) π
y 2
⇒ l = ∫ sin 2 xdx …(iii)
0

π
2
O x=α x
l = ∫ cos 2 xdx …(iv)
0

α
2
π
Adding (iii) & (iv) 2l = ∫ dx =
1 1
α α 1x x  2 4 2 4

∫( ) ( )
1
x − x dx = ∫ x − x 3 dx
3
− =  −  2
0
20 2 4 2 2 4 0 0

π
⇒ 4α 2 − 2α 4 = 1 ⇒ 2α 4 − 4α 2 + 1 = 0 ⇒ l=
4
1
⇒ α = 1± 2
34. (b) y (3,18)
2 x=3

⇒ α = 1−
2 1
( 0 < α 1) (1,4)P y=4
2
(0,0)
1 1  x' x
⇒ α = 1− ∈  , 1 . O Q R
2 2  x=1
y'
k +1
98
1 1  Required area
31. (a,c) I = ∑ ( k + 1) ∫  x − x + 1 dx 1
K =1 K
= ∫ ( x 2 + 3 x )dx + Area of rectangle PQRS
98
  k +1  k 
= ∑ ( k + 1)  ln 
0
 − ln  
K =1   k +2 k + 1  11 59
= +8 =
6 6
 2 1  3 2
= 2  ln − ln  + 3  ln − ln 
 3 2  4 3 35. (b) S(a) = {(x,y) : y2 ≤ x, 0≤ x ≤ a}
α 3
 4 3  99 98 
+4  ln − ln  ... + 99  ln − ln  A(α ) = 2 ∫ xdx = 2α 2
 5 4   100 99  0

99 2 A(4) = 2 × 43/ 2 = 16
= 99ln + 2ln 2 − ln .
100 99 A(λ) = 2 × λ3/ 2
1
32. (b,d) g ' ( x ) = sin ( sin 2 x ) 2cos 2 x -sin ( sin x ) cos x A(λ ) 2
-1 -1
= ⇒. λ = 4 ⋅  
4 3
= 4 x cos 2 x - x cos x A(4) 5  25 
x
 π π 36. (a) f ( x ) = ∫ g (t ) dt ,
g '  −  = +2 π ⇒ g '   = − 2 π.
 2  2 0
−x
π
2
sin 2 xdx
f (− x) = ∫ g (t )dt
33. (a) l = ∫π
0
…(i)
1 + 2x put t = –u
−
2 x
π = − ∫ g ( −u ) du
2
2 x sin 2 xdx 0
Also, l = ∫π 1 + 2x
…(ii) x
−
2
= − ∫ g (u ) d ( u ) = − f ( x )
0
π
2 ⇒ f (− x) = − f ( x)
Adding (i) and (ii) 2l = ∫π sin
2
xdx
⇒ f(x) is an odd function
−
2
Also ƒ(5 + x) = g(x)
π
2 ƒ(5 – x) = g(–x) = g(x) = ƒ(5 + x)
2l = 2 ∫ sin 2 xdx ⇒ ƒ(5 – x) = ƒ(5 + x)
0

@iitjeehelps
Definite Integration and Area 217
π /3 π /3
tan θ tan θ
x
1 1
Now I = ∫ f (t ) dt 39. (a) ∫ dθ = ∫ dθ
0 2k 0 sec θ 2k 0 cos θ
t=u+5 π /3
1 2 1 
x −5 =− 2 cos θ =−  − 1
k 2 
I= ∫
−5
f (u + 5) du 2k 0

1
x −5 x −5 given it is 1 − ⇒k =2
= ∫ g (u )du = ∫
−5 −5
f ′(u ) du 2

= ƒ(x – 5) – ƒ(–5) 40. (c) The graph is a follows

= –ƒ(5 – x) + ƒ(5)
y = x2 + 1
= ƒ(5) – ƒ(5 + x)
x −5 x −5
= ∫
−5
f ′(t )dt = ∫
−5
g (t ) dt
y = –x2 + 1

37. (c)
y-axis
0 1
(0,3)
∫ (− x + 1)dx + ∫ ( x 2 + 1)dx = 2
2
C A (2, 3)
−1 0
0
x-axis
(0,–1) 41. (a) area bounded by y2 = 4ax & x 2 = 4by , a,
y= (4x –5)
16ab
b ≠ 0 is
3
1
B (0, –5) by using formula 4a = = 4b, k > 0
k
1 1
16 ⋅ ⋅
Area = 4k 4k = 1
Equation of tangent at (2,3) on 3
y = x 2 − 1, is y = (4 x − 5) . . .(i)
∴ Required shaded area 1
⇒ k2 =
3 3
= ar (∆ABC) − ∫ y + 1 dy 1
−1 ⇒ k=
3
1 2
= ⋅ (8) ⋅ (2) − (( y + 1) 3 / 2 ) 2−1
2 3 42. (b) Let f ( x ) = x 2 ( x 2 − 2)
16 8
= 8− = (square units)
3 3 − 2 O 2
π π /2 π
(d) ∫ | cos x |2 dx = As long as ƒ(x) lie below the x-axis, definite integral will
∫ | cos x dx − ∫
3
38. cos 3 xdx
0 0 π /2 remain negative,
π /2
 cos 3 x + 3cos x 
π
 cos 3 x + 3cos x  so correct value of (a, b) is ( − 2, 2) for minimum of I.
= ∫  4
 dx − ∫ 
 π /2 4
 dx

0 π /2
dx
1  sin 3 x 
π /2
 sin 3 x  
0 43. (d) I = ∫ [ x ] + [sin x] + 4
=  + 3sin x  − + 3sin x   − π/2
4  3 0  3 π / 2  −1 0 1 π /2
dx dx dx dx
=
1  −1    −1
+ 3  − (0 + 0)  (0 + 0) − 
 
+ 3  
= ∫ +∫ +∫ +∫
−2 − 1 + 4 −1 −1 − 1 + 4 0 0 + 0 + 4 −1 1 + 0 + 4
 −π / 2
4  3    3   1 0 1 π /2
dx dx dx dx
=
4 ∫
−π / 2
+∫ +∫ +
1 −1 2 0 4 ∫
1
5
3

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218 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 π 1 1 1π 
π /4
dx
 −1 +  + (0 + 1) + +  − 1 47. (a) I = ∫
 2 2 4 5 2  5
x + cos5 x)
π sin 2 x(tan
/6
1 1 1 π π
−1 + + − + + π /4
1 tan 4 x sec2 xdx
2 π∫/ 6 (1 + tan10 x)
2 4 5 2 10 I= put
−20 + 10 + 5 − 4 6π
+
20 10 tan5 x = t
−9 3π 1
1
dt 1 π 1 
+
20 5 I=
10  ∫ 5 1 + t 2
=  − tan − 1
10  4 
9 3
1 
 
x 1  3

∫ f (t )dt = x + ∫ t f ′(1/ 2) = ?
2 2
44. (b) f (t )dt 2
1 5 37
∫ (x
0 x
48. (c) Area 2
+ 1)dx −   (5) =
Differentiate w.r.t. 'x' 0
5 4 24
f(x) = 2x + 0 – x2 f(x)
49. (b)
2x (1 + x 2 )2 − 2 x(2 x)
f ( x) = ⇒ f ′( x ) =
1 + x2 (1 + x 2 ) 2
2x2 − 4x2 + 2
f ′( x) = 4
(1 + x 2 )2 1
0 3
1 3
2 − 2   
1  4  =  2  = 48 = 24
f ′  = 3
1 15 15
   1
2 2
25 50 25 Req. area = ∫ ( x 2 + 2)dx − ⋅ 5.3 = 9 + 6 − =
 1 +  16 0
2 2 2
 4
e 2x e x
x e
45. (b) 50. (d) ∫1  e  log e x.dx − ∫1  x  log e x.dx
2x x
x x
Let   = t,   = v
e e
x = 4y – 2 & x2 = 4y 1
1 1

2  x∫2 x
= dt = ∫ dv
⇒ x2 = x + 2 ⇒ x2 – x – 2 = 0 e
 
x = 2, – 1 e
2
 x + 2 x2  9 1 x 3 1
so, ∫ 
−1
4
− dx =
4  8
= 1 − 2  + (1 − e) = − 2 − e
2 e  2 2e
51. (a)
2
sin 2 x xy ≤ 8
46. (d) ∫  x  1 dx 1 ≤ y ≤ x2
 π  + 2
−2

x 2 .x = 8
 
2  x=2
2
sin x sin (− x ) 
2
I = ∫ +  dx
−2  
x 1  x 1 
 π  + 2 − π  + 2 
     4
0 1 2 8
 x   x  
   +  −  = −1 as x ≠ nπ 
 π   π  
4
  4
8   y3/ 2 
2 2 2  Required Area = ∫  − y dy = 8ℓny − 
sin x sin x 1
y   3 / 2 1
I = ∫ +  dx = 0
  x  1  x  1 
 + −1 −   + 
0 2 2 14
= 8ℓn 4 − .8 − 0 + = 16ℓn 2 −
 π  2 π  2  3 3 3

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 Definite Integration and Area 219
52. (a) ⇒ cos( A − B ) ≥ 1
π /2
⇒ cos( A − B ) = 1
(A) I = ∫ (sin x) (cos x ⋅ cot x − log(sin x)sin x )dx
cos x

0 ⇒ sin C = 1
π /2
d
⇒ I= ∫ dx
(sin x)cos x dx = 1 54. (a)
0 1
dx π
(B) The point of intersection of −4 y 2 = x and x − 1 = −5 y 2 is (A) ∫ 1+ x
−1
2
=
2
(–4, –1) and (–4, 1) 1
dx π
 1
 4 1 (B) ∫ 1− x 2
=
2
Hence required are = 2  ∫ (1 − 5 y ) 2 dy − ∫ − 4 y 2 dy  = 0

0 0  3 3
dx 1 2
(C) The point of intersection of y = 3 x −1
log x
(C) ∫1− x
2
2
= ln
2 3
and y = x x − 1 is (1, 0) 2
dx π
x −1
(D) ∫x x −1
2
=
3
dy 3 dy 1
Hence = + 3x−1 log3 ⋅ log x ⋅ = 1 for
dx x dx (1, 0) 55. (a)
dy x y z
y = x x − 1⋅ =1 (A) Let the line be = = intersects the lines
dx (1, 0) a b c
⇒ S.D = 0 ⇒ a + 3 b + 5 c = 0 and
If θ is the angle between the curve than tan θ = 0 ⇒
3 a + b − 5 c = 0 ⇒ a : b : c :: 5 r : − 5 r : 2 r
cosθ = 1. on solving with given lines we get points of intersection
dy  2  dy x y  10 10 8 
(D) =  ⇒ − = P ≡ (5, −5, 2) and Q ≡  , − , 
dx  x + y  dx 2 2
3 3 3
1 ⇒ PQ 2 = d 2 = 6.
⇒ ye − y / 2 =
2 ∫ y ⋅ e − y / 2 dy ⇒ x + y + 2 = ke y / 2 = 3e y / 2
53. (a) (B) tan −1 ( x + 3) − tan −1 ( x − 3) = sin −1 (3 / 5)
(A) Solving the two equations of ray i.e., x + y = | a | and ( x + 3) − ( x − 3) 3 6 3
⇒ tan −1 = tan −1 ⇒ 2 =
ax − y = 1 1 + ( x 2 − 9) 4 x −8 4

| a | +1 | a | −1 ∴ ∴ x2 − 8 = 8 or x = ±4.
We get x = > 0 and y = >0     
a +1 a +1 (C) As a = µ b + 4 c ⇒ µ (| b |) = − 4b ⋅ c and
When a + 1 > 0; we get a > 1, ∴ a0 = 1        
| b |2 = 4 a ⋅ c and | b |2 + b ⋅ c − d ⋅ c = 0
 
(B) We have a = αiˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ ⇒ a ⋅ kˆ = γ    
Again, 2 | b + c |= | b − a | as
   
Now; kˆ × (kˆ × aˆ ) = (kˆ ⋅ a)kˆ − (kˆ ⋅ kˆ)a = γ kˆ − (α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ) 
Solving and eliminating b ⋅ c and eliminating | a |2
 
= α iˆ + β ˆj = 0 we get (2 µ 2 − 10 µ ) | b |2 = 0 ⇒ µ = 0 and 5.
x x
⇒ α = β = 0 As α + β + γ = 2 ⇒ γ = 2 2 sin 9( x / 2) 2 sin 9( x / 2)
(D) I = ∫
π − π sin( x / 2)
dx = × 2 ∫
π 0
sin( x / 2)
dx
1 0 1
4
∫ (1 − y )dy + ∫ ( y − 1)dy = 2∫ (1 − y )dy = x / 2 = θ ⇒ dx = 2dθ
2 2 2
(C)
0 1 0
3 x = 0,θ = 0

1 0 1 x =π θ =π /2
∫ 1 − x dx + ∫ 1 + x dx = 2∫ 1 − x dx
8
π /2
sin 9θ
0 −1 0 I=
π ∫
0
sin θ
dθ
1 1
2 4 π /2
(sin 9θ − sin 7θ ) (sin 7θ − sin 5θ )
= 2∫ x dx = 2 ⋅ ⋅ x3/ 2 = 8
0
3 0 3
=
π ∫
0
sin θ
+
sin θ
(D) sin Asin B sin C + cos A cos B ≤ sin Asin B + cos A cos B = cos( A − B) (sin 5θ − sin 3θ ) (sin 3θ − sin θ ) sin θ
+ + + dθ
sin θ sin θ sin θ
sin B + cos A cos B = cos( A − B)

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220 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π /2 π /2
16 8 π 9π
=
π ∫
0
(cos 8θ + cos 6θ + cos 4θ + cos 2θ + 1) dθ +
π ∫
0
dθ ⇒ x=±
4
,±
4
as x ∈[− 3, 13].

16  sin8θ sin 6θ sin 4θ sin 2θ  8 π / 2 2

 3x 2
3x 2 
2
=  + + + + [θ ]0
2  π ∫0  1 + e x 1 + e− x  ∫0 3x dx = 8.
+ = 2
(C)  dx
π  8 6 4
8 π 
1+ x 
1/ 2
= 0 + ×  − 0 = 4
π 2  (D) ∫
−1/ 2
cos 2 x ln   dx = 0 as it is an odd function.
 1− x 
56. (a)
    58. (a)
(A) a − b = 1 + 3 = 2 | a |= b, | b |= 2
2 1 y−x=0
cos θ = = Y (1, 3)
2×2 2
π 2π X ( 3,1)
θ= , Z ( β ,1 − β )
3 3
2π
but its as its opposite to side of maximum length.
3 x + y =1
b
c2
∫ ( f ( x ) − 3 x ) dx = a − b2
2
(B) (A) a 2 − b2 = (given)
a 2
−a 2 + b2
b
3 2 4R 2
∫
a
f ( x ) dx =
2
(b − a 2 ) + a 2 − b 2 =
2
4 R 2 (sin 2 X − sin 2 Y ) =
2
sin 2 ( Z )

⇒ f ( x) = x. ⇒ 2(sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( X + Y ) = sin 2 ( Z )

π 2  ln (sec π x + tan π x ) 7 / 6 
5/ 6
⇒ 2 ⋅ sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( Z ) = sin 2 ( Z )
(C)  
ln 3  π  sin( X − Y ) 1
⇒ = =λ
π  5π 5π 7π 7π  sin Z 2
=  ln sec + tan − ln sec + tan  = π.  nπ 
ln 3  6 6 6 6  ⇒ cos   = 0 for n = odd integer. (1,3,5)
1 1  2 
(D) Let u = ⇒ z = 1− (B) 1 + cos 2 X − 2 cos 2Y = 2 sin X sin Y
1− z u
1 sin 2 X + sin X sin Y − 2sin 2 Y = 0
| z |= 1 ⇒ 1 − = 1
2 (sin X − sin Y )(sin X + 2sin Y ) = 0 ⇒ sin X = sin Y
⇒ | u − 1|=| u | sin X a
⇒ = = 1.
∴ locus of u is perpendicular bisector of line segment sin Y b
joining 0 and 1 (C) Here, distance of Z from bisector of
  3
π OX and OY =
⇒ maximum arg u approaches but will not attain.
2 2
2 2
57. (a)  1  1 9
⇒ β −  +β −  =
1
 2   2  2
(A) f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx, ∫ f ( x)dx = 1
0 ⇒ β = 2, −1 ⇒ | β | = 2,1
⇒ 2 a + 3b = 6 (D) When α = 0
⇒ (a, b) ≡ (0, 2) and (3,0). 2 8 2
Area = 6 − ∫ 2 x dx = 6 − When α = 1
 π 0 3
(B) f ( x) = 2 cos  x 2 − 
 4 1 2
Area = ∫ (3 − x − 2 x ) dx + ∫ ( x + 1 − 2 x ) dx
0 1
π
For maximum value, x 2 − = 2nπ 1 2
4 x2 4 3 / 2 x2 4 8
= 3x − − x + + x − x 3/ 2 = 5 − 2.
π 2 3 2 3 3
⇒ x 2 = 2nπ + 0 1
4

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Definite Integration and Area 221
π /3 1/ 2 3/ 4
dx
59. (d) I = ∫ ∫ (4 x + 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1)dx < area < ∫ (4 x + 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1) d x
3 3
. . .(i)
π 1+/6 tan x 0 0
2
π /3
dx [ x + x + x + x]
4 3 1/ 2
< area < [ x + x 3 + x 2 + x ]30 / 4
4

∫π / 6 1 + cot x
0
I= . . .(ii)
1 1 1 1 81 27 9 3
+ + + < area < + + +
Adding (i) and (ii) 16 8 4 2 256 64 16 4
π /3 15 525
π π < area < .
⇒ 2I =
π
∫ 1 dx
/6
⇒ 2I =
3
−
6 16 256

π π 67. (b) Area of region S1 ∩ S2 ∩ S3 = shaded area

2I = ⇒ I=
6 12 π × 42 42 × π
= + y + 3x = 0
 π  π  4 6
π /2 +0 0+ 2 
2 π  1 1 
60. (a) ∫ sin x dx =  sin(0) + sin   + 2sin   = 42 π  +  60°
4  2  2   4 6
0
 60°
   x 2 + y 2 < 16
20π
π =
= (1 + 2) 3
8
68. (c) Distance of (1, –3) from y + 3 x = 0
61. (a) F ′(c) = (b − a) f ′(c) + f (a) − f (b)
F ′′(c) = f ′′(c)(b − a) < 0 −3 + 3 × 1 3 − 3
> >
2 2
f (b) − f (a )
⇒ F ′(c) = 0 ⇒ f ′(c) = 1− h
b−a 1
∫t
−1/ 2
69. (a) g   = lim+ (1 − t ) −1/ 2 dt
 2  h→0 h
62. (b) Differentiating the given equation, we get
1
1  1
3 y 2 y ′ − 3 y ′ + 1 = 0 ⇒ y′(−10 2) = − 1 1
t− 
21 dt dt
=∫ ∫ = sin −1  2 
t − 12  1 
2
Differentiation again we get 6 yy ′2 + 3 y 2 y ′′ − 3 y ′′ = 0 0 0 1  1
− t −   2 0
4  2
6.2 2 4 2
⇒ f ′′(−10 2) = − =− 3 2 . = sin −1 1 − sin −1 ( −1) = π .
(21)4 73

b
b
b 70. (d) We have g (a) = g (1 − a) and g is differentiable
63. (a) The required area = ∫ f ( x)dx = xf ( x) − ∫ xf ′( x)dx 1
a a a Hence g ′   = 0.
b
 2
x
= bf (b) − af (a) + ∫ dx. 3 3
a
3[ f ( x )2 − 1] 71. (c,d) ∫ 1
f ( x)dx = ∫ xF ( x) dx
1

3
64. (d) We have y ′
1 x  1 3
2
which is even =  F ( x)  − ∫ x 2 F ′( x)dx
3(1 − ( f ( x ) 2 )) 2 1 2 1
1
9 1
Hence ∫ g′( x) = g (1) − g (−1) = 2g (1).
−1
=
2
F (3) − F (1) + 6 = −12
2
3
40 = [ x 3 F ′( x)]13 − 3∫ x 2 F ′( x) dx
f ′( e x ) e x 1
65. (b) g ′( x ) =
1 + e2x 40 = 27 F ′(3) − F ′(1) + 36 . . .(i)
Hence positive for (0, ∞) and negative for (−∞, 0). f ′( x) = F ( x ) + xF ′( x )
3 1 f ′(3) = F (3) + 3F ′(3)
66. (a) − <s<−
4 2 f ′(1) = F (1) + F ′(1)
1 3
<t< 9 f ′(3) − f ′(1) + 32 = 0
2 4

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222 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π
 1  1  As equation (iv) has three roots i.e., x = a, b, c. It is an
I = ∫e  2sin  cos x  + 3cos  cos x   sin x dx
cos x
72.
0  2  2  identity.
π /2 3 3
1  ⇒ f (−1) = , f (1) = and f (2) = 0
=6 ∫
0
ecos x sin x cos  cos x  dx
2 
4 4
(4 − x 2 )
 2a 0, if f (2a − x) = − f ( x)  ⇒ f ( x) = . . .(v)
  a  4
 ∫
∵ f ( x) dx =   Let point A be (−2, 0) and B be (2t , − t 2 + 1)
 0  ∫
2 f ( x) dx, if f (2a − x) = f ( x) 
  0 
Now as AB be subtends a right angle at the vertex
Let cos x = t V (0, 1)
24  1 e 1 
1
t
I = 6 ∫ et cos   dt =  e cos   + sin   − 1 1 −t 2
0  2  5  2 2 2  × = −1 ⇒ t = 4
2 2t
73. ⇒ B ≡ (8, − 15)
y
x2 = y
8
 4 − x 2 3x + 6  125
∴ Area = ∫  +  dx = sq. units.
(1, 1) −2 
4 2  3
(3 / 4,0)
x 1
5050 ∫ (1 − x 50 )100 dx
y2 = 4x − 3 I100
75. = 1
0
= 5050
I101
x2 = − y
∫ (1 − x
50 101
) dx
0
The region bounded by the given curves x 2 = y , x 2 = − y 1

and y = 4 x − 3 is symmetrical about the x-axis. The

2 ⇒ I101 = ∫ (1 − x50 )(1 − x50 )100 dx
0
parabolas x 2 = y and y 2 = 4 x − 3 touch at the point (1, 1). 1
= I100 − ∫ x ⋅ x 49 (1 − x50 )100 dx
Moreover the vertex of the curve y 2 = 4 x − 3 is at  , 0 
3
0
4  1
 − x (1 − x50 )101  1 (1 − x 50 )101
  = I100   −∫
1 1

Hence the area of the region = 2  ∫ x dx − ∫ 4x − 3 dx

2
 101  0 0 5050
0 3/ 4 
I101 I
I101 = I100 − ⇒ 5050 100 = 5051
 x3 1 1 1  1 1  1 5050
= 2   − ( (4x − 3)3/ 2 )  = 2  −  = sq. units.
I101
 3 0 6 3/ 4
  3 6  3 76. (4) Solving y 2 = 8 x and x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y = 0 .
Simultaneously, we get (2, 4) and (0, 0).
74. V(0, 1)
Focus is (2, 0)
A(-2, 0) (2, 0) 1
∴ Are = × 2 × 4 = 4sq. units.
x 2
1
d2
3x + 2 y + 6 = 0 77. (2) ∫ 4 x 3 (1 − x 2 )5 dx
0
I dx 2 II

B(8, –15) 1 1
 d  d
Let we have =  4 x3 (1 − x 2 )5  − ∫12 x 2 (1 − x 2 )5 dx
 dx 0 0 dx
4 a 2 f ( − 1) + 4 a f (1) + f (2) = 3a 2 + 3a . . .(i)
1  1
1

4b f ( −1) + 4b f (1) + f (2) = 3b + 3b
2 2
. . .(ii) =  4 x3 × 5(1 − x 2 )4 (−2 x)  − 12   x 2 (1 − x 2 )5  − ∫ 2 x (1 − x 2 )5 dx 
0 0
 0 
4 c 2 f ( − 1) + 4c f (1) + f (2) = 3c 2 + 3c . . .(iii) 1

Consider a quadratic equation = 0 − 0 − 12[0 − 0] + 12∫ 2 x(1 − x 2 )5 dx

0
4 x 2 f ( −1) + 4 x f (1) + f (2) = 3 x 2 + 3 x
1
 (1 − x )   1
2 6
or [4 f ( −1) − 3] x 2 + [4 f (1) − 3] x + f (2) = 0 . . .(iv) = 12 ×  −  = 12  0 +  = 2
 6 0  6

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Definite Integration and Area 223

78. (3) F ′( a) + 2 = ∫ f ( x) dx
a
Now at x = 0, f (0) = 0
0
1
t2
Differentiating w.r.t. a and at x = 1, f (1) = ∫ dt
F ′′(a) = f (a) 0
1+ t4

 π x2
F ′( x) = 2cos 2  x 2 +  .2 x − 2 cos 2 x Because 0 < <1
1 + x4
 6
1 1
π π  π t2
 
F ′′( x) = 4 cos2  x 2 +  − 16 x 2 cos  x 2 +  sin  x 2 +  + 4cos x sin x 0<∫ dt < ∫ 1⋅ dt
 6  6  6 0
1+ t4 0

π 1
t2
F ′′(0) = f (0) = 4 cos 2 = 3. 0<∫ dt < 1
6 1+ t4
0

0
x ⋅0 x⋅0
1 2
x ⋅1 1 Combined graph of y = f ( x) and y = 2 x − 1
79. (0) I = ∫−1 2 + 0 dx + ∫0 2 + 1 dx + ∫
1 2+0
dx + 0 =
4 Because LHS is increasing and less than 1,
⇒ 4I = 1 = 0 hence equation has only one solution in [0, 1]

83. (4)
1
(9 x +3tan −1 x )  12 + 9 x 2 
80. (9) α = ∫ e  2 
dx
0
 1+ x  Q(1,1)

Put 9 x + 3tan −1 x = t
 3  P R(2,0)
⇒  9 + 1 + x2  dx = dt
 
3π 3π
9+ 9+
⇒ α =∫ 4
et dt = e 4
−1 1
0 Area of ∆PQR = (2)(1) = 1
2
 3π 
⇒  log e |1 + α | −
1
=9
 4  0.3 = ∫ ( x − x n ) dx
0
1 1
81. (7) G (1) = ∫ t | f ( f (t )) | dt = 0 3  x 2 x n +1 
−1
⇒ = − 
f ( − x) = − f ( x ) 10  2 n + 1  0

1 1 1 3
Given f (1) = ⇒ = −
2 n + 1 2 10
F ( x) − F (1) ⇒ n=4
F ( x) x −1 f (1) 1
lim = lim = =
x →1 G ( x ) x →1 G ( x ) − G (1) | f ( f (1)) | 14 1/ 2
1+ 3 1/ 2
1+ 3
x −1
84. (2) l =
∫ dx = ∫ dx
( ( x + 1) )
6 1/ 4 1/ 4
0
2
(1 − x ) 0  1− x 
6

1/ 2 1 1  ( x + 1)8   
⇒ = ⇒ f   = 7.   1+ x  
 
| f (1/ 2) | 14 2
1/ 2
1+ 3
82. (1) 1 = ∫
0 1− x 
3/ 2
dx
y=2x–1
(1 + x ) 2

y=f(x) 1+ x 
1 1− x −2 dx
1 Put =t⇒ = dt
2 1+ x (1 + x ) 2

1 1/ 3 1 + 3 1  t −1/ 2 
2∫
⇒ l=− = − × (1 + 3)  
 −1 
x 3/ 2
t2 x2 t 2
Let f ( x ) = ∫ dt f ′( x ) =
1
= positive f ( x) is  2 
0
1+ t 4
1 + x4
= (1 + 3)( 3 − 1) = 2
increasing function.

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224 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π /4 π /2
85. (4) I =
2 dx cos θ dθ
∫ . . .(i) 86. (0.25) I = 3 ∫ =
π −
π (1 + e sin x
)(2 − cos 2 x ) 0 ( sin θ + cos θ )5
4
π /2
by a + b − x property 3 sin θ dθ
3∫
2 π /4 dx ( cos θ + sin θ )5
I= ∫
0

π − π (1 + esin x )(2 − cos 2 x) π /2 π /2

3 cos θ dθ sin θ dθ
∫ ∫(
4
⇒ =3
2 π /4 dx c sin x
( sin θ + cos θ ) 5
cos θ + sin θ )5
= ∫ dx . . . (ii) 0 0
π −
π (1 + e )(2 − cos 2 x)
sin x
π /2
4 dθ
adding (i) and (ii) ⇒ 2I = 3 ∫
0
( sin θ + cos θ ) 4
π/4
2 (1 + esin x )
2I =
π ∫ (1 + e )(2 − cos 2 x)
sin x
dx π /2
sec2 θ dθ
−
π
4
2I = ∫(
0
tan θ + 1)4
1 π /4 1 1 π / 4 sec2 x
⇒ I= ∫ dx = ∫ dx let tan θ = t 2 ⇒ sec 2 θ dθ = 2tdt
π −
π 2 − (2 cos 2 x − 1) π − π 3sec2 x − 2
4 ∞
4
2I 2tdt I
3 ∫0 (t + 1)4
⇒ = ⇒ =
put tan x = t.sec xdx = dt 2
3
1
21 dt 2 1  −1  t   ∞  
= ∫ =  tan   1 1
π 0 3t + 1 3π  1  
2
 1 3  0 ∫  (t + 1) − ( t + 1)
3 4  dt

  0 
 3
∞
2  π −3
=
2
3π
(tan −1 ( ) 3 − tan −1 (0)) =
3π
  =
3
2
3 3 ⇒
I= +
1
2(t + 1) 2 (t + 1)3 0
3 1
4 = −1 =
Now 27 I 2 = 27 x =4 2 2
27

  

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Differential Equations 225

18 Differential Equations
QUICK LOOK
The degree of the highest order derivative (when put in
rational form) is the degree of the equation.
The order of the highest derivative present in this equation is
Formation of Differential Equation
two; thus, we’ll call it a second order differential equation (DE,
We know x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is a circle whose centre is the origin and
for convenience). The order of DE is the order of the highest
derivative that occurs in the equation. Again, consider the DE a is the radius. If a is a parameter, it will represent a family of
2 concentric circles with the common centre (0, 0).
 d 3 y  dy
 3 + = x2 y2
Differentiating x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , 2 x + 2 y
dy
= 0 i.e., xdx + ydy = 0
 dx  dx
dx
The degree of the highest order derivative in this DE is two, so (in differential form).
this is DE of degree two (and order three). The degree of a DE This is a differential equation for all the members of the family
is the degree of the highest order derivative that occurs in the and it does not contain any parameter (arbitrary constant).
equation, when all the derivatives in the equation are made of
The differential equation of a family of curves of one
free of fractional powers. For example, the DE parameter is a differential equation of the first order,
2
 dy 
2
 d2y  obtained by eliminating the parameter by differentiation.
  −1 + x  2  = k
The differential equation of a family of curves (like
 dx   dx 
is not of degree two. When we make this equation free of x2 y 2
+ = 1 ) of two parameters is a differential equation of
fractional powers, by the following rearrangement, a2 b2
2 the second order, obtained by eliminating the parameters by
 dy 
2   d 2 y  
2

− = − differentiating the algebraic equation twice. Similar

  1  k x  2  ,
 dx    dx   procedure is used to find differential equation of a family of
we see that the degree of the highest order derivative will curves of three or more parameters.
become four. Thus, this is a DE of degree four (and order two).
Finally, an nth linear DE (degree one) is an equation of the Solution of Differential Equation

The general solution of a differential equation is the relation
form
in the variable x, y obtained by integrating (removing
dny d n−1 y dy
a0 n
+ a1 n −1 + ... + an−1 + an y = b derivatives) where the relation contains as many arbitrary
dx dx dx
constant as the order of the equation.
Where the ai′ and b are functions of x. Solving nth order DE to
The general solution of a differential equation of the first
evaluate the unknown function will essentially consist of doing order contains one arbitrary constant while that of the
n integrations on the DE. Each integration step will introduce second order contains two arbitrary constants. So, the
an arbitrary constant. Thus, you can expect in general that the general solution of a differential equation of the first order
solution of an nth order DE will contain n independent arbitrary gives one-parameter family of curves.
constants. By n independent constants, we mean to say that the
In the general solution, if particular values of the arbitrary
most general solution of the DE cannot be expressed in fewer constants are put, we get a particular solution which will
than n constants. give one member of the family of curves.

Differential Equation, its Degree and Order To Solve Differential Equation of the First Order and the
dy d 2 y First Degree.
An equation involving derivatives (i.e., , , etc.) in x and
dx dx 2 Simple standard forms of differential equation of the first order
y is differential equation. and the first degree are as follows.

The order of the highest order derivative in the equation is
Variable separable.
the order of the equation. Form: f ( x ) dx + φ ( y ) dy = 0

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226 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Method: Integrate it, i.e., find ∫ f ( x)dx + ∫ φ ( y)dy = c Method: In order to put a differential equation in this form,
one has to remember the following differentials.

Reducible into variable separable.
d ( xy ) = xdy + ydx
Method: Make a suitable substitution so that the equation
becomes variable separable in the new variables.  y  xdy − ydx  x  ydx − xdy
d = 2
, d =

Homogeneous equation.  
x x  y y2
dy  y  y  xdy − ydx  y  xdy − ydx
Form: = F  d log   = , d tan −1   = 2
dx x x xy x x + y2
 x  ydx − xdy
Method: Put y = vx and solve the equation in the new d tan −1   = 2
 y x + y2
variables x, v
xdy + ydx

No homogeneous equations. d sin −1 ( xy ) =
1 − ( xy ) 2
dy a1 x + b1 y + c1
Form: =
dx a2 x + b2 y + c2 To Solve Differential Equation of the First Order but of
Higher Degree: Standard forms of differential equation of the first
a1 b1 dy
Method: If ≠ , put x = X + h, y = Y + k such that order and higher degree as follows (here we denote by p).
a2 b2 dx
a1h + b1k + c1 = 0,
Solvable for p.
a2 h + b2 k + c2 = 0. In this way, the equation becomes Form: { p − f1 ( x, y )}{ p − f 2 ( x, y )}.....{ p − f n ( x, y )} = 0
homogeneous in X, Y. Then use the method for Method: Solve the first order and first degree equations
homogeneous equations. p − f1 ( x, y ) = 0, etc. It φ1 ( x, y, c) = 0, etc., are solutions
a1 b1 (taking the same arbitrary constant c for each) then
If = , put a1 x + b1 y = v or a2 x + b2 y = v. The equation
a2 b2 φ1 ( x, y , c ) ⋅ φ2 ( x, y , c ) ⋅ ..... ⋅ φn ( x, y , c ) = 0 is the solution.
changes in the form of variable separable in x, v.
Solvable for y. Form: y = f ( x , p )

Linear equations.
Method: Differentiate y = f ( x, p ) w.r.t. x which gives a
dy
Form: + P ( x)· y = Q ( x) first order and first degree equation in p and x. Solve it to
dx
get φ ( x, p, c ) = 0.

e∫
P ( x ) dx
Method: Multiply the equation by , called Eliminate p from y = f ( x, p ) and f ( x, p, c ) = 0.
integrating factor. Then the equation becomes
Solvable for x. Form: x = f ( y , p )
d
dx {
y ·e ∫ }
P ( x ) dx
= Q( x)·e ∫
P ( x ) dx
.
Method: Differentiate x = f ( y , p ) w.r.t. y which gives a
∴ Integrating, y ·e ∫
P ( x ) dx
{
= ∫ Q ( x )·e ∫
P ( x ) dx
dx } first order and first degree equation in p and y. Solve it to
get ψ ( y , p, c) = 0. Eliminate p from x = f ( y , p ) and

Reducible into linear equation.
dy ψ ( y , p, c) = 0.
Form: R ( y )· + P ( x)· S ( y ) = Q( x) such that dS ( y) = R( y)
dx dy
Clairaut’s equation. Form: y = px + f ( p )
dS ( y ) dS ( y ) dy
Method: Put S ( y ) = z; then = · i.e., dp
dy dy dx Method: Differentiating w.r.t. x we get {x + f ′( p )} = 0.
dx
dz dy dz ∴ p = c or f '( p ) + x = 0. When p = c , the general solution
= R ( y ) . The equation + P ( x) z = Q( x) which is in
dx dx dx
is y = cx + f (c ) which gives a family of straight lines.
the linear form.

Exact differential equations. When f '( p ) + x = 0, eliminating p from y = px + f ( p ) and
Form: ∑ f {φ ( x, y )}dφ = 0. f '( p ) + x = 0 we get a solution which is a curve (without

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Differential Equations 227
any arbitrary constant) touching all the lines given by Multiple Choice Questions
y = cx + f (c). This solution is called the singular solution. One and More than One Correct

1. The tangent to the curve y = e x drawn at the point ( c , e c )

Some Results on Tangents and Normal’s
intersects the line joining the points ( c − 1, e c −1 ) and
y = f (x)
Y ( c + 1, e c +1 ) [JEE 2007 P-I]
P (x, y) a. on the left of x = c b. on the right of x = c
c. at no point d. at all points
B

C O A D XC
2. If y (x) satisfies the differential equation y '− y tan x = 2 x
Figure 18.1 sec x and y(0) = 0, then. [JEE 2012 P-I]

The equation of the tangent at P ( x, y ) to the curve π  π π  π
2 2
a. y   = b. y '   =
dy 4 8 2  4  18
y = f ( x ) is Y − y = ( X − x ).
dx π  π
2
 π  4π 2π
2

The equation of the normal at P ( x, y ) to the curve c. y   = d. y '   = +

3 9 3 3 3 3
−1
y = f ( x ) is Y − y = ( X − x). 3. The function y = f ( x ) is the solution of the differential
dy
dx dy
dy xy
xy xx 4 + 2xx
equation ++ 2 == in (–1,1) satisfying
2 dx x − 11 1 − x2
 dx 

The length of the tangent l = CP = y 1 +   . 3
 dy  2
f (0) = 0. Then
2 ∫ f ( x ) dx is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]
The length of the normal = PD = y 1 +   .
dy 3

2
 dx 
π 3 π 3
dx a. − b. −

The length of the cartesian subtangent = CA = y . 3 2 3 4
dy
π 3 π 3
dy c. − d. −

The length of the cartesian subnormal = AD = y . 6 4 6 2
dx 4. Let the population of rabbits surviving at a time t be
dy

The initial ordinate of the tangent = OB = y − x . government by the differential equation dp (t ) = 1 p (t ) − 200.
dx dt 2
If ( p )0 = 100, then (p)t equals: [JEE Main 2014]
Orthogonal trajectory: The orthogonal trajectories of a a. 400 − 300et / 2 b. 300 − 200e−t / 2
family of curves from another family of curves such that each
c. 600 − 500et / 2 d. 400 − 300e−t / 2
curve of one family cuts all the curves of the other family at
5. Let y ( x ) be a solution of the differential equation
right angles.
(1 + e x ) y ′ + ye x = 1. If y (0) = 2, then which of the
The differential equation of the orthogonal trajectories of the
following statements is (are) true? [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
 dy 
curves f  x, y,  = 0 is the family of curves whose a. y ( −4) = 0
 dx 
b. y ( −2) = 0
differential equation is f  x, y , − dx  = 0.
c. y ( x ) has a critical point in the interval (−1, 0)
 dy 
d. y ( x ) has no critical point in the interval ( −1, 0)
Method: To find the orthogonal trajectories of a family of 6. Let y( x) be the solution of the differential equation
dx dy
curves whose differential equation is known, put − in the ( x log x) + y = 2x log x,( x ≥ 1). Then y(e) is equal to
dy dx
equation. The resulting differential equation is the equation of [JEE Main 2015]
the orthogonal trajectories. a. e b. 0 c. 2 d. 2e

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228 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
7. If a curve y = f ( x ) passes through the point (1, −1) and 12. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation,
satisfies the differential equation, y (1 + xy) dx = x dy, dy
( x 2 + 1) 2 + 2 x( x 2 + 1) y = 1 such that y (0) = 0. If
 1 dx
then f  −  is equal to: [JEE Main 2016] π
 2 ay (1) = , then the value of 'a' is: [JEE Main 2019]
32
2 4
a. − b. − a. 1/2 b. 1/16
5 5
c. 1/4 d. 1
2 4
c. d.
5 5 13. If y = y ( x) is the solution of the differential equation,
dy  1
8. A solution curve of the differential equation ( x 2 + xy + y= + 2 y = x 2 satisfying y (1) = 1, then y  is equal to:
dx  2
dy
4 x + 2 y + 4) − y 2 = 0, x > 0, passes through the point [JEE Main 2019]
dx
7 13
(1, 3). Then the solution curve [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] a. b.
64 16
a. intersects y = x + 2 exactly at one point 49 1
c. d.
b. intersects y = x + 2 exactly at two points 16 4

c. intersects y = ( x + 2)2 14. Let f:[0,1]→R be such that f(xy) = f(x).f(y) for all x,y,ε
d. does NOT intersect y = ( x + 3) 2 [0,1], and f(0) ≠ 0. If y = y(x) satisfies the differential
dy 1 3
equation, = f ( x) with y(0) = 1, then y   + y   is
dy dx 4 4
9. If (2 + sin x) + ( y + 1) cos x = 0 and y (0) = 1 , then
dx equal to [JEE Main 2019]
π a. 4 b. 3
y   is equal to [JEE Main 2017]
2 c. 5 d. 2
1 4 dy 3 1  −π π  and π  4
a. − b. 15. If + 2
y= 2
,x∈ , , y  = ,
3 3 dx cos x cos x  3 3 4 3
1 2 π
c. d. − then y  −  equals: [JEE Main 2019]
3 3  4
1 6 1
10. If y = y ( x ) satisfies the differential equation a. +e b.
3 3

( )
−1
  4 1 3
8 x 9 + x dy =  4 + 9 + x  dx, x > 0 and c. − d. +e
  3 3
y ( 0 ) = 7 , then y ( 256) = [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II] 16. Let f be a differentiable function such that
3 f ( x) 1
a. 80 b. 9 f ′( x ) = 7 − , (x > 0) and f(1) ≠ 4. Then lim+ xf   :
c. 16 d. 3 4 x x →0  x
[JEE Main 2019]
11. Let y = y ( x) be the solution of the differential equation a. Exists and equals 4 b. Does not exist
dy π  4
sin× + y cos x = 4 x, x ∈ (0, π ). y =   = 0, then c. Exist and equals 0 d. Exists and equals
dx 2 7
17. The curve amongst the family of curves, represented by
π 
y   is equal to: [JEE Main 2018] the differential equation, (x2 – y2)dx + 2xy dy = 0 which
6
passes through (1,1) is: [JEE Main 2019]
4 4
a. − π 2 b. π2 a. A circle with centre on the y-axis
9 9 3 b. A circle with centre on the x-axis
−8 2 8 c. An ellipse with major axis along the y-axis
c. π d. − π 2
9 3 9 d. A hyperbola with transverse axis along the x-axis

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Differential Equations 229
18. If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation 1 2 3 1
dy  2 x + 1  1 −2 x Statement-II: y ( x) is given by = − 1− 2
+ −2 x y x x
 y = e , x > 0, where y (1) = e , then:
dx  x  2 [JEE 2008 P -II]
[JEE Main 2019] a. statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II is
a. y(x) is decreasing in (0,1) a correct explanation for statement-I
1  b. statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II is
b. y(x) is decreasing in  ,1
2  not a correct explanation for statement-I.
log c 2 c. statement-I is True, statement-II is False
c. y (log e 2) = d. statement-I is False, statement-II is True
4
d. y (log e 2) = log c 4
Integer & Subjective
19. The solution of the differential equation
23. Let f :ℝ → ℝ be a differentiable function with
dy
= ( x − y ) 2 when y(1) =1, is: [JEE Main 2019] f (0) = 0. If y = f ( x ) satisfies the differential equation
dx
2− y dy
a. log e = 2( y − 1) = (2 + 5 y )(5 y − 2), then the value of lim f ( x ) is
2− x dx x →∞

2− y ______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]

b. log e = x− y
2−x
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
1+ x − y
c. − log e = x+ y−2
1− x + y 1. (a) Slope of the line joining the points ( c − 1, e c −1 ) and
1− x + y ec +1 − ee−1
d. − log e = 2( x − 1) ( c + 1, e c +1 ) is equal to > ec
1+ x − y 2
⇒ tangent to the curve y = e x will intersect the given line to
20. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation, the left of the line x = c.
dy
x + y = x, log e x, ( x > 1). If 2 y (2) = log e 4 − 1, then y(e) y B
dx
is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
e2 e e e2
a. b. c. − d. −
4 4 2 2
A (c, ec)
21. If a cuver passes through the point (1, –2) and has slope of
O x
x2 − 2 y
the tangent at any point (x, y) on it as , then the
x Alternative: The equation of the tangent to the curve
curve also passes through the point: [JEE Main 2019] y = e x at ( c , e c ) is
a. ( − 2,1) b. ( 3, 0) y − ec = ec ( x − c) . . .(i)
c. (–1, 2) d. (3, 0) Equation of the line joining the given points is
ec (e − e−1 )
Statement or Assertion & Reason y − ec−1 = [ x − (c − 1)] . . .(ii)
2
22. Let a solution y = y ( x) of the differential equation Eliminating y from (i) and (ii), we get,
2 [ x − ( c − 1)][2 − ( e − e −1 )] = 2 e −1
x x 2 − 1 dy − y y 2 − 1 dx = 0 satisfy y(2) = .
3 e + e −1 − 2
or x−c = <0

−1 π 2 − (e − e −1 )
Statement-I: y( x) = sec  sec x − 
 6 ⇒ x < c.
and ⇒ the line (i) and (ii) meet on the left of the line x = c.

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230 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
2. (a, d) y '− y tan x = 2 x sec x dy ye x 1
5. (a, c) + = x
dx 1 + e x
e +1
I.F. = e ∫
tan x dx
= elog cos x = cos x
ex
I .F . = ∫
x

∴ y cos x = ∫ 2 x sec x.cos x dx dx = e In (1+ e ) = 1 + e x

e 1+ e
x

⇒ y cos x = x 2 + c ⇒ y (1 + e x ) = ∫1dx
⇒ y ⋅ cos x = x 2 (∵ y (0) = 0)
x+c
y=
⇒ y = x 2 sec x 1 + ex

π  π
2
 π  4π 2π
2 y (0) = 2 ⇒ c = 1
∴ y  = and y'   = +
4 8 2 3 3 3 3 x+4
⇒ y=
1 + ex
dy x x4 + 2 x
3. (b) + 2 y= y ( −4) = 0
dx x − 1 1 − x2
(1 + e x ) − ( x + 4)e x
This is a linear differential equation ⇒ y′ = =0
x 1
(1 + e x ) 2
∫ 2 dx ln| x 2 −1|
I.F. = e x −1 = e 2 = 1 − x2
(1 + e x ) − ( x + 4)e x
⇒ Solution is Let g ( x) =
(1 + e x )2
x ( x 3 + 2)
y 1 − x2 = ∫ ⋅ 1 − x 2 dx 2−4
1− x 2 g (0) = <0
22
x5  1 3
or y 1 − x 2 = ∫ ( x 4 + 2 x )dx = + x2 + c 2
5 1 +  − 1−
g ( −1) = 
e e e >0
<0=
f (0) = 0 ⇒ c = 0  1
2
 1 
2

1 +   1 + 
x5  e  e
⇒ f ( x) 1 − x 2 = + x2
5 g (0) ⋅ g ( −1) < 0. Hence g(x) has a root in between ( −1, 0)
3/2 3/2 2
x dy
Now, ∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ 1 − x2
dx (Using property) 6. (c) ( x ln x)
dx
+ y = 2 x log x,
− 3/2 − 3/2

π /3 ( x ≥ 1)
sin 2 θ
3/2 2
x
= 2 ∫
0 1 − x2
dx = 2 ∫
0
cos θ
cos θ dθ Put x = 1 then y = 0

(Taking x = sin θ ) Now equation can be written as

π /3 π /3 dy y
θ sin 2θ  + =2
= 2 ∫ sin 2 θ dθ =  − dx x log x
0 2 4  0
1
∫
π   3 π 3 I .F . = e x ln x dx = ln x
= 2   − 2   = − .
6  8  3 4 Solution of differential equation is
y.ln x = c + ∫ 2. ln xdx
4. (a) Rearranging the equation we get, y.ln x = c + 2[ x ln x − x ]
dp (t ) 1
= dt . . .(i) Given at x = 1, y = 0
p (t ) − 400 2
Integrating (1) on both sides we get 0 = c + 2.( − 1)

p ( t ) = 400 + k e t / 2 , where k is a constant of integration. ⇒ c=2

Using p (0) = 100, y.ln x = 2 + 2[ x ln x − x ]
Put x = e
we get k = −300
y = 2 + 2[ e − e ]
∴ the relation is
y=2
P (t ) = 400 − 300 e1/ 2

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Differential Equations 231
7. (d) y (1 + xy ) dx = xdy c = ℓn3 + 1
ydx − xdy + xy dx = 0
2 y
⇒ ℓny + = ℓn3e
x+2
 x y
y 2 d   + xy 2 dx = 0 (a) ℓny + = ℓn3e
 y x+2
x x2 ⇒ ℓn( x + 2) + 1 = ℓn3 + 1 ⇒ one solution
+ =C . . .(i)
y 2 ( x + 2)2
(c) In ( x + 2) +
2

1 x+2
(1, −1) satisfies −1 + =C
2 ⇒ = ℓ n3 + 1 ex+2
1 ⇒ 2ℓn ( x + 2) + ( x + 2) = ℓn3e
⇒ C=−
2
( x + 2) 2 e ( x + 2) = 3e
1 ez
Put in (i ) x = − 3e
2 ⇒ e x+2 = no solution 3e/4 3e /( x + 2)2
1 1
( x + 2)2
−
2 + 4 = −1 (d) y = ( x + 3) 2
y 2 2
( x + 3)2
−1 −1 1 ⇒ ℓn( x + 3)2 + = ℓn3 + 1
⇒ = − x+2
2y 2 8
( x + 2)2 + 1 + 2( x + 2)
1 5 2ℓn( x + 3) + = ℓn3 + 1
= x+2
2y 8
1
4 g ( x) = 2ℓn( x + 3) + ( x + 2) + 2 + − ℓn3 − 1
y= ( x + 2)
5
2 1 2( x + 2)2 − ( x + 3)
dy g ′( x) = +1+ 0 − = +1
8. (a, d) [(x + 2)(x + 2 + y )] − y2 = 0 ( x + 3) ( x + 2) 2
( x + 3)( x + 2) 2
dx
2 x2 + 8x + 8 − x − 3
⇒ y = ( x + 2)t =
( x + 3)( x + 2)2
dy dt
= ( x + 2). + t g ( x) increasing
dx dx
1 7
 dt  ⇒ g (0) = 2ℓn3 + 2 + 1 + − ℓ n3 = ℓ n3 +
⇒ (( x + 2)( x + 2 + ( x + 2)t )  ( x + 2) + t  − ( x + 2)2 .t 2 = 0 2 2
 dx 
Which is positive, thus no solution
( x + 2) 2 = 0
dy
 dt 2  9. (c) (2 + sin x) + ( y + 1) cos x = 0
or (1 + t )  ( x + 2) + t = 0  dx
 dx 
d
dt ⇒ (2 + sin x) ( y + 1) = 0
⇒ ( x + 2)(1 + t ) + t = 0 dx
dx
⇒ (2 + sin x ) ( y + 1) = c
 1+ t  dx
  dt = − ℓnt + t = − ℓn ( x + 2) + c ⇒ x = 0, y = 1 and c = 4
 t  x+2
4 π  4 1
 y   y  ⇒ y +1 = ⇒ y   = −1 =
⇒ ℓn  +  = −ℓn( x + 2) + c 2 + sin x 2 3  3
 x+2  x+2
dx
ℓny − ℓn( x + 2) +
y
= −ℓn( x + 2) + c 10. (d) ∫ dy = ∫
x+2 8 x 9+ x 4+9+ x
y
⇒ ℓny + =c Let 4+ 9+ x = t
x+2
3 1 1 1
ℓn3 + = +c ⋅
d = dt ⋅
3 2 4+ 9+ x 2 9 + x 2 x

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232 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ dt ⇒ y = t+c 14. (b) ƒ(xy) = ƒ(x). ƒ(y)
ƒ(0) = 1 as ƒ(0) ≠ 0
y = 4 + 9 + x + C ...(i) ⇒ ƒ(x) = 1
y ( 0) = 7 ⇒ C=0 dy
= f ( x) = 1
dx
∴ y = 4+ 9+ x ⇒ y=x+c
⇒ y ( 256 ) = 4 + 5 = 3. At, x = 0, y = 1 ⇒ c = 1
y=x+1
dy
+ y cos x − 4 x, x ∈ (0, π ) 1 3 1 3
11. (d) sin x y   + y   = +1+ +1 = 3
dx 4 4 4 4
dy 4x
+ y cot x =
dx sin x dy
15. (a) + 3sec 2 x. y = sec 2 x
dx
I .F , = e ∫
cot xdx
∴ = sin x
I.F. = e ∫
3 sec 2 xdx
∴ Solution is given by = e 3 tan x

y sin x = ∫
4x
⋅ sin xdx or y.e 3tan x = ∫ sec 2 x.e3 tan x dx
sin x
y sin x = 2 x 2 + c
1
or y.e3 tan x = e3 tan x + C . . .(i)
3
π x2
When x = ,y =0 ⇒ c=− Given
2 2 π  4
y  =
π2 4 3
Equation is: y sin x = 2 x −
2
∴
2 4 2 1 3
∴ .e = e + C
π 1 π 2
π 2
3 3
When x = then y ⋅ = 2 ⋅ −
6 2 36 2 ∴ C = e3
8π 2 π
∴ y=− New put x = − in equation (i)
9 4
1
∴ y.e −3 = e −3 + e3
dy  2 x  1 3
12. (b) + 2  y = 2
dx  x + 1  ( x + 1)2 1 6
∴ y= +e
(Linear differential equation) 3
 π 1
2
+1)
∴ I.F. = eℓn ( x = ( x 2 + 1) ∴ y  −  = + e6
 4 3
So, general solution y.( x 2 + 1) = tan −1 x + c
3 f ( x)
As y(0) = 0⇒ c = 0 16. (a) f ′( x ) = 7 − (x > 0)
4 x
tan −1 x π
∴ y( x) = As, a ⋅ y (1) = 1 dy 3 y
x2 + 1 32 given f(1) ≠ 4 lim+ xf   = ? + = 7 (This is LDE)
x →0  x dx 4 x
1 1
⇒ a = ⇒a= 3 3 3
∫ 4 x dx ln| x| 3 3
4 16 IF = e = e4 = x 4 y.x 4 = ∫ 7.x 4 x dx
dy  2  3
x7 / 4
13. (c) +  y = x y.x 4 = 7 ⋅ + C f ( x ) = 4 x + C . x −3 / 4
dx  x  7/4
⇒ I.F. = x2 1 4
3
f   = + C .x 4
∴ x4 3 x x
yx 2 = + (As y(1) =1)
4 4
1  7

 1  49 lim+ xf   = lim+  4 + C.x 4  = 4
∴
yx =  = x →0  
x x → 0
 
 2  16

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Differential Equations 233

17. (b) ( x 2 − y 2 ) dx + 2 xy dy = 0 1  1+ x − y 
⇒ ℓn  = x+λ
2  1− x + y 
dy y 2 − x 2
=  1− x + y 
dx 2 xy ⇒ − ℓn   = 2( x − 1)
dy dv  1+ x − y 
Put y = vx ⇒ =v+x
dx dx dy y
solving we get 20. (b) = = ℓnx
dx x
2v dx 1
∫v +1
2
dv = ∫ −
x e∫ x
dx
=x
ln(v2 + 1) = –ln x + C xy = ∫ xℓnx + C
(y2 + x2) = Cx
x2 1 x2
2 ∫x 2
1+1=C⇒C=2 ℓnx ⋅
y2 + x2 = 2x
x x2
dy  2 x + 1  −2 x xy = ℓnx − + C , for
18. (b) + y =e 2 4
dx  x 
2y(2)=2 ℓ n2 – 1
 2 x +1   1
∫   dx ∫  2 + x  dx ⇒ C=0
I.F. = e x 
=e = e 2 x + ℓnx = e 2 x ⋅ X
x x
So, y( xe2 x ) = ∫ e−2 x ⋅ xe2 x + C y= ℓnx −
2 4
⇒ xye2x = ∫ x dx + C e
y (e) =
⇒ 2 xye 2 x = x 2 + 2C 4

−2  1  dy x 2 − 2 y
It passes through  1, e  we get C = 0 21. (b) =
 2  dx x
xe −2 x dy y
y= =2 =x
2 dx x
2
⇒
dy 1 −2 x ∫ x dx
= e ( −2 x + 1) I.F = e = x2
dx 2
y.x 2 ∫ x.x 2 dx + C
1 
⇒ f(x) is decreasing is  ,1
2  x4
= +C
(log e 2)e −2(log e 2 ) y
y (log e 2) =
2 Hence b passes through (–1, 2)
1 9
= log e 2 ⇒ C=−
8 4
dy dt x4 9
19. (d) x − y = t ⇒ = 1− ∴ yx 2 = −
dx dx 4 4
dt Now check option(s), which is satisfied by option (ii)
= 1− = t2
dx
dx dy
⇒ ∫1− t
dt
= ∫ 1dx 22. (c) ∫ =∫
2
x x −1 2
y y2 −1
1 1+ t  sec−1 x = sec−1 y + c
⇒ ℓn  = x+λ
2  1− t 
 2 
1  1+ x − y  sec−1 2 = sec−1   + c
⇒ ℓn   = x + λ given y(1)= 1  3
2  1− x + y 
π π π
1 c= − =
⇒ ℓn(1) = 1 + λ ⇒ λ = −1 3 6 6
2

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234 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
π dy
sec −1 x = sec −1 y + 23. (0.40) = (2 + 5 y )(5 y − 2)
6 dx
 π dy
y = sec  sec−1 x − 
 6 ⇒ ∫ (5 y + 2)(5 y − 2) = ∫ dx
1 1 π 1  1 1 
cos −1 = cos −1 +
x y 6 ⇒ ∫  −  dy = ∫ dx
4  5y − 2 5y + 2 
1 1  3 1 5y − 2
cos −1 = cos −1 − cos −1   ⇒ ln = x+C
y x  2  20 5y + 2
1 3 1 1 5y − 2 5y − 2
= − 1− 2   f (0) = 0 ⇒ ln = x x → −∞ ln → −∞
y 2x x 2 5y + 2 5y + 2

2 3 1 2
= − 1− 2 . ∴ lim f ( x )o = = 0.40
x →∞ 5
y x x

  

@iitjeehelps
Coordinates and Straight Lines 235

19 Coordinates and Straight Lines

QUICK LOOK Centroid and Incentre of a Triangle
A (x1, y1) A (x1, y1)
Location of a Point: The point P = ( x, y ) in a plane is in
2

The first quadrant ⇔ x > 0, y > 0 1 b
G c I

The second quadrant ⇔ x < 0, y > 0 1
2

The third quadrant ⇔ x < 0, y < 0 2 1
B (x2, y2) a C (x3, y3)

The fourth quadrant ⇔ x > 0, y < 0 B (x2, y2)
Figure 19.2
C (x3, y3)
Figure 19.3
The point P = ( x, y ) is on
If the vertices of a ∆ABC are A = ( x1 , y1 ), B = ( x2 , y2 ) and

The x-axis ⇔ y = 0
C = ( x3 , y3 ) then

The y-axis ⇔ x = 0
 x + x + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 

The centroid G =  1 2 , 
If the Cartesian coordinates of a point are ( x, y ) and by taking  3 3 
the origin as pole and the x-axis as the initial line, the polar  ax + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3 

The incentre I =  1 , 
coordinates of the same point are ( r , θ ) then  a+b+c a+b+c 

x = r cos θ , y = r sin θ where BC = a, CA = b, AB = c.
y
In a ∆ ABC , the orthocentre H, centroid G and circumcentre

r= x 2 + y 2 , tan θ =
x M are collinear and G divides HM internally in the ratio 2 : 1.
Y A
(x, y)

r y H
G
θ M
O B C
x X Figure 19.4
Figure 19.1

Distance Formula Areas of Triangle and Polygon

If P = ( x1 , y1 ) and Q = ( x2 , y2 ) then the distance between
If A = ( x1 , y1 ), B = ( x2 , y2 ) and C = ( x3 , y3 ) are the vertices
of a triangle ABC then
P and Q = PQ = ( x1 − x2 ) 2 + ( y1 − y2 ) 2
x1 y1 1
1
ar ( ∆ABC ) = x2 y2 1
Section Formula 2
x3 y3 1

If A = ( x1 , y1 ), B = ( x2 , y2 ) and P = ( x, y ) divides the line
segment AB in the ratio λ :1 then 1  x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 
=  + + 
λ x2 + x1 λ y2 + y1 2  x2 y2 x3 y3 x1 y1 
x= ,y=
λ +1 λ +1 1
= { x1 ( y2 − y3 ) + x2 ( y3 − y1 ) + x3 ( y1 − y2 )}
where λ > 0 if P divides AB internally in the ratio λ :1 and 2
λ < 0 if P divides AB externally in the ratio λ :1.
If Ar ( xr , yr ); r = 1, 2, 3,......, n be the vertices of a polygon,

The middle point M of the line segment joining A = ( x 1 , y1 ) taken in order then the area of the polygon A1 A2 A3 ..... An
 x + x y + y2  x yn 
= 1  1
y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 xn −1 yn −1 xn
and B = ( x 2 , y2 ) is M =  1 2 , 1 . + + + ... + + 
 2 2  2  x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 xn yn x1 y1 

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236 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Slope of a Line Determined by Two Points: If A = ( x1 , y1 ) Equation of a Straight Line
and B = ( x2 , y2 ) then the slope m of the line AB is given by
Two-point Form: The equation of the straight line passing
through the point ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) is y – y1
y1 − y2
m= = tan θ is the angle made by AB with the positive x y 1
x1 − x2 y1 − y2
y − y1 == ( x − x1 ) or x1 y1 1 = 0
direction of the x-axis. x1 − x2
x2 y2 1
Condition for Collinearity: If A = ( x1 , y1 ), B = ( x2 , y2 ) and
Point-slope Form: The equation of the straight line passing
C = ( x3 , y3 ) are three points then they will be collinear if through the point ( x1 , y1 ) and having the slope m is

AB ± AC = BC (using distance formula) y − y1 = m( x − x1 ).

Areal λ, positive or negative, can be obtained such that
Slope-intercept Form: The equation of the straight line
λ x3 + x1 λ y3 + y1 whose slope is m and which cuts off an intercept c on the
x2 = , y2 = (using section formula) y-axis is y = mx + c.
λ +1 λ +1

ar ( ∆ABC ) = 0 (using area formula)
Intercept form – The equation of the straight line which cuts
off intercepts a, b on the x and y-axes respectively is
y1 − y2 y1 − y3

= (using slope formula) x y
x1 − x2 x1 − x3 + = 1.
a b
Locus and its Equation
Normal Form: The equation of the straight line for which

A point P ( x, y ) changes its position on the x − y plane as x the length of the normal from the origin to the line is p and
the normal is inclined with the positive direction of the
or y or both change. x and y may change independently or
x-axis at an angle θ , is x cos θ + y sin θ = π .
one depending on the other. When P ( x, y ) changes its

Parametric Form (or Distance Form): The equation of
position under some rule (imposed by geometrical
the line passing through ( x1 , y1 ) and inclined at an angle θ
condition), y becomes a function of x, say y = f ( x ) and the
x − x1 y − y1
point P traces a locus. This functional relation y = f ( x ) with the positive direction of x-axis is = (= r )
cos θ sin θ
between x and y is called the equation of the locus and it is
and any point on the line at a distance r from ( x1 , y1 ) is
satisfied by all points ( x, y ) lying on the locus.
( x1 ± r cos θ , y1 ± r sin θ )

In order to find the equation of a locus of a point P, take

General Equation: The general equation of a straight line
P = (α , β ) in any position. Then obtain a relation between
is ax + by + c = 0 (a first degree equation in x, y), for which:
α, β using the condition under which the point P moves.
−a
Finally replace α, β by x, y respectively in the relation to the slope m =
b
get the cartesian equation of the locus. −c
intercept on x-axis = (obtained by putting y = 0 in
a
Parametric Equation of a Locus

The rule by which a point P ( x, y ) moves to trace the locus ax + by + c = 0)
−c
may be expressed by writing x as well as y as functions of a intercept on y-axis = (obtained by putting x = 0 in
third variable (or arbitrary constant) θ . b
ax + by + c = 0).
x = φ (θ ) 
Example: 
The equation of the x-axis is y = 0 and that of the y-axis is
x = ψ (θ ) 
x = 0.
Such equations of a locus give the parametric equations of
the locus and any point on the locus can be taken as Angle between Two Lines

If the acute angle between the straight lines y = m1 x + c1 and
(φ (θ ), ψ (θ )).

To obtain the cartesian equation of a locus whose y = m2 x + c2 be φ then
parametric equations are x = φ (θ ), y = ψ (θ ), eliminate θ m1 − m2
tan φ =
from the relations x = f (θ ), y = ψ (θ ). 1 + m1 m2

@iitjeehelps
Coordinates and Straight Lines 237
provided none of the line is parallel to the y-axis. equation L3 = 0.

If the acute angle between the lines y = mx + c and x = k
a1 b1 c1
π
The three equations are consistent i.e., a2 b2 c2 = 0
be φ then φ = − θ where m = tan θ .
2 a3 b3 c3

L1 + λ L2 = 0 is identical with L3 = 0 for some real λ ,
Conditions for Perpendicularity and Parallelism: Two
i.e., (a1 + λ a2 ) x + (b1 + λ b2 ) y + c1 + λ c2 = 0 is identical with
straight lines y = m1 x + c1 and y = m2 x + c2 are
a3 x + b3 y + c3 = 0, i.e.,

parallel if m1 = m2
a1 + λ a2 b1 + λ b2 c1 + λ c2

perpendicular if m1m2 = −1, i.e., m2 = −1 . = = holds for some λ .
m1 a3 b3 c3

If three non-zero constant λ , µ ,ν can be found such that
Line Parallel or Perpendicular to a Given Line: Line a given λ L1 + µ L2 + ν L3 ≡ 0,
line be ax + by + c = 0. i.e., λ a1 + µ a2 + ν a3 = 0, λ b1 + µ b2 + ν b3 = 0,

Any line parallel to it has the equation ax + by = k where k λ L1 + µ c1 + ν c2 + ν c3 = 0.
is an arbitrary constant whose value can be obtained by
using an additions geometrical condition. Location of Points with Respect to a Given Line: Let given

Any line perpendicular to it has the equation bx − ay = λ line be L ≡ ax + by + c = 0.
where λ is an arbitrary constant whose value can be
The point P( x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 ) are on the same side of
obtained by using an additional geometrical condition.
the above line if L ( x1 , y1 ), i.e., ax1 + by1 + c and

Intersection of Lines L( x2 , y2 ), i.e., ax2 + by2 + c are of the same sign.

The point of intersection of the lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and
The points P( x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 ) are on the opposite sides
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 is obtained by solving the equations of the above line if
simultaneously. L ( x1 , y1 ), i.e., L ( x2 , y2 ) are of opposite signs.

The equation of any line passing through the intersection of
If c > 0 then P( x1 , y1 ) and the origin are on the same side
the lines
of the line when L ( x1 , y1 ) > 0.
L1 ≡ a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and L2 ≡ a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 is
L1 + λ L2 = 0
If c > 0 then P( x1 , y1 ) and the origin are on the opposite

i.e., a1 x + b1 y + c2 + λ (a2 x + b2 y + c2 ) = 0 sides of the line when L ( x1 , y1 ) < 0.

where λ is an arbitrary constant whose values can be Length of the Perpendicular From a Point to a Line
obtained by using an addition geometrical condition.
The length of the perpendicular from the point P( x1 , y1 ) to
The equation a1 x + b1 y + c2 + λ (a2 x + b2 y + c2 ) = 0
ax1 + by1 + c
where λ is a parameter, represents a family of straight the line ax + by + c = 0 is .
a2 + b2
lines passing through a fixed point which is the point of
intersection of the fixed lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and Equations of Bisectors of Angles between Two Lines: If
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 be two straight lines
then
Concurrency of Lines: The lines

The equation of bisectors of the angles between the two
L1 ≡ a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
lines are
L2 ≡ a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 a1 x + b1 y + c1 a2 x + b2 y + c2
=±
L3 ≡ a3 x + b3 y + c3 = 0 are concurrent lines if any one of the a +b
2 2
a22 + b22
1 1
following holds:

if c1 > 0, c2 > 0 then the equation of the bisector of the angle

The point of intersection of L1 = 0, L2 = 0 satisfies the
containing the origin is

@iitjeehelps
 238 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
a1 x + b1 y + c1 a2 x + b2 y + c2
For the pair of straight lines whose joint equation is
=
a +b
2
1 1
2
a22 + b22 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
and the equation of the bisector of the angle not containing 2 h 2 − ab
the origin is
the angle between the lines = tan −1
a+b
a1 x + b1 y + c1 a2 x + b2 y + c2
=−
the lines are perpendicular if a + b = 0
a +b
2
1 1
2
a22 + b22

the lines are coincident if h 2 = ab

The bisector of the angle containing the origin is also the

the joint equation of the bisectors of the angles between the
bisector of the acute angle between the lines
x 2 − y 2 xy
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , if (i) c1 , c2 are of lines is = .
a −b h
the same sign and (ii) a1 a2 + b1b2 < 0.

The angle between the pair of lines ax + 2hxy + by = 0
2 2

Joint Equation of Two Lines (Pair of Lines) and that between the pair of lines

If L1 ≡ a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and L2 ≡ a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 be the ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 are equal.
equation of two straight lines then their joint equation is
To Find the Point of Intersection of the Pair of Lines
L1 ⋅ L2 ≡ (a1 x + b1 y + c2 )(a2 x + b2 y + c2 ) = 0, which is an
equation of the second degree in x and y.

If S ≡ ax 2 + 2 hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 be the equation
of a pair of lines S can be factorized into two linear factors
and each factor equated to zero gives the separate equation
of a line belonging to the pair.
(0, 0)

The second degree homogeneous equation
Figure 19.5
ax 2 + 2 hxy + by 2 = 0 , represents a pair of straight lines
passing through the origin. ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0

If the joint equation of a pair of lines be Denoting the equation by S = 0, the point of intersection is
ax + 2 hxy + by = 0 then their
2 2
separate equations are obtained by solving
y = m1 x + and y = m2 x ∂S ∂S
= 0 and =0
∂x ∂y
−2h a
where m1 + m2 = and m1 m2 = .
b b Pair of Lines Through the Origin and Intersection of a Line

If the joint equation of a pair of lines be with a Second Degree Curve
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0, then their separate The equation of the pair of lines, passing through the origin and
equations are l1 x + m1 y + n1 = 0 and l2 x + m2 y + n2 = 0 the points of intersection of the line L = 0 and the curve S = 0,
is obtained by making S = 0 second degree homogeneous with
Where l1l2 = a, m1m2 = b, n1n2 = c,
the help of L = 0.
l1m2 + l2 m1 = 2h, m1n2 + m2 n1 = 2 f ,
Transformation of Equation due to Change of Axes
l1n2 + l2 n1 + = 2 g.
Y
Y′
Condition for the General Equation of the Second Degree to P (x, y)
(x′, y′)
Represent a Pair of Lines
The general equation of the second degree ax + 2hxy + by ++2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
2 2
O′ (α, β ) X′
hxy + by + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 , will represent a pair of straight lines if O
Figure 19.6
X

∆ ≡ abc + 2 fgh − af − bg − ch = 0
2 2 2

If P = ( x, y ) and the axes are shifted parallel to the original

Formulae for the Pair ax + 2hxy + by = 0

2 2 axes so that the new origin is (α , β ) and the new

@iitjeehelps
Coordinates and Straight Lines 239
coordinates of P are ( x ', y ') then the equation of Multiple Choice Questions
transformation (i.e., relation between the old and the new One and More than One Correct
coordinates) will be 1. Given an isosceles triangle, whose one angle is 120° and
x = x '+ α , y = y '+ β . radius of its incircle = 3. Then the area of the triangle in

If P = ( x, y ) and the axes are rotated about the origin by an sq. units is [JEE 2006]
angle φ in the anticlockwise sense such that the new a. 7 + 12 3 b. 12 − 7 3
coordinates of P become ( x ', y ') then the equations of c. 12 + 7 3 d. 4π
transformations will be x = x ′ cos φ − y ′ sin φ
2. Let O (0, 0), P (3, 4), Q (6, 0) be the vertices of the triangle
y = x ′ sin φ + y ′ cos φ OPQ. The point R inside the triangle OPQ is such that the
Y′ triangles OPR, PQR, OQR are of equal area. The
Y
P (x, y) coordinates of R are [JEE 2007 P-II]
(x′, y′)
4   2  4 4 2
X′
a.  , 3  b.  3,  c.  3,  d.  , 
3   3  3 3 3
φ
O X 3. A straight line through the vertex P of a triangle PQR
Figure 19.7

If P = ( x, y ) and the axes are shifted parallel to the original intersects the side QR at the point S and the circumcircle

axes so that the new origin is (α , β ) and then the axes are of the triangle PQR at the point T . If S is not the centre
of the circumcircle, then [JEE 2008 P-I]
rotated about the new origin (α , β ) by an angle φ in the
1 1 2 1 1 2
anticlockwise sense such that the new coordinates of P a. + < b. + >
PS ST QS × SR PS ST QS × SR
become ( x ', y ') then the equations of transformation will be
1 1 4 1 1 4
x = α + x ′ cos φ − y ′ sin φ c. + < d. + >
PS ST QR PS ST QR
y = β + x′ sin φ + y ′ cos φ
4. Consider three points P = (− sin( β − α ), − cos β ),
Y Y′ P (x, y)
(x′, y′) Q = (cos( β − α ), sin β ) and R = (cos( β − α + θ ), sin( β − θ )),
X′
π
φ where 0 < α , β , θ < . Then [JEE 2008 P-II]
4
O′ (α, β )
a. P lies on the line segment RQ
O Figure 19.8
X b. Q lies on the line segment PR
c. R lies on the line segment QP
If P = ( x, y ) and two mutually perpendicular lines
d. P, Q, R are non-collinear
ax + by + c = 0 and bx − ay + d = 0 are taken as new axes
5. A straight line L through the point (3, –2) is inclined at an
such that new coordinates of P are ( x ', y ') then the
angle 60° to the line 3x + y = 1. If L also intersects the
equation of transformation will be
x-axis, then the equation of L is [JEE 2011 P-I]
bx − ay + d ax + by + c
x′ = , y′ = a. y + 3 x + 2 − 3 3 = 0 b. y − 3 x + 2 + 3 3 = 0
b2 + a 2 a 2 + b2
Y Y′ c. 3y − x + 3 + 2 3 = 0 d. 3y + x − 3 + 2 3 = 0
P (x, y)
(x′, y′)
6. For a > b > c > 0, the distance between (1, 1) and the point
ax − by + c = 0 of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0 and bx + ay + c
X′

bx − ay + d = 0 = 0 is less than 2 2, then [JEE Adv.2013 P-I]

O′
O X a. a + b − c > 0 b. a − b + c < 0
Figure 19.9
c. a − b + c > 0 d. a + b − c < 0

@iitjeehelps
240 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
7. A ray of light along x + 3 y = 3 gets reflected upon c. the length of the perpendicular from P to the plane
reaching x-axis, the equation of the reflected ray is 3
containing the triangle OQS is
[JEE Main 2013] 2
a. y = x + 3 b. 3y = x − 3
d. the perpendicular distance from O to the straight line
15
c. y = 3 x − 3 d. 3 y = x −1 containing RS is +
2
8. The x-coordinate of the incentre of the triangle that has 14. The normal to the curve y ( x − 2)( x − 3) = x + 6 at the point
the coordinates of mid-points of its sides as (0, 1) (1, 1) where the curve intersects the y-axis passes through the point
and (1, 0) is [JEE Main 2013] [JEE Main 2017]
a. 2 + 2 b. 2 − 2 1 1 1 1
a.  , −  b.  , 
c. 1 + 2 d. 1 − 2  2 3  2 3
 1 1 1 1
9. Let a, b, c and d be non-zero numbers. If the point of c.  − , −  d.  , 
intersection of the lines 4ax + 2ay + c = 0 and  2 2 2 2

5bx + 2by + d = lies in the fourth quadrant and is 15. Let k be an integer such the triangle with vertices (k, –3k),
equidistant from the two axes then: [JEE Main 2014] (5, k) and (–k, 2) has area 28 sq. units. Then the orthocentre
a. 2bc − 3ad = 0 b. 2bc + 3ad = 0 of this triangle is at the point [JEE Main 2017]
c. 3bc − 2ad = 0 d. 2bc + 2ad = 0  3  1
a.  1, −  b.  2, 
 4  2
10. Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices P(2, 2),
Q(6,–1) and R (7, 3). The equation of the line passing  1  3
c.  2, −  d. 1, 
through (1, –1) and parallel to PS is: [JEE Main 2014]  2  4
a. 4x – 7y – 11 = 0 b. 2x + 9y + 7 = 0 16. Let O be the origin and let PQR be an arbitrary triangle.
c. 4x + 7y + 3 = 0 d. 2x – 9y – 11 = 0


















The point S is such that OP ⋅ OQ + OR ⋅ OS = OR ⋅ OP
11. The number of points, having both co-ordinates as


















integers, that lie in the interior of the triangle with vertices + OQ ⋅ OS = OQ ⋅ OR + OP ⋅ OS . Then the triangle
(0, 0), (0, 41) and (41, 0) is [JEE Main 2015] PQR has S as its [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
a. 901 b. 861 a. incentre b. circumcentre
c. 820 d. 780 c. orthocenter d. centroid
12. Two sides of a rhombus are along the lines, x − y + 1 = 0 17 Tangents are to the hyperbola 4 x 2 − y 2 = 36 at the points
and 7 x − y − 5 = 0. if its diagonals intersect at ( −1, −2), P and Q. If these tangents intersect at the point T(0,3) then
then which one of the following is a vertex of this the area (in sq. units) of ∆PTQ is [JEE Main 2018]
rhombus? [JEE Main 2016]
a. 36 5 b. 45 5
a. ( −3, −9) b. (−3, −8)
c. 54 3 d. 60 3
1 8  10 7 
c.  , −  d.  − , − 
3 3  3 3 18. A straight the through a fixed point (2,3) intersects the
13. Consider a pyramid OPQRS located in the first octant coordinate axes at distinct points P and Q. If O is the
( x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0) with O as origin, and OP and OR origin and the rectangle OPRQ is completed, then the
locus of R is [JEE Main 2018]
along the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. The base
a. 3x + 2 y = 6xy b. 3x + 2 y = 6
OPQR of the pyramid is a square with OP = 3. The point
S is directly above the mid-point T of diagonal OQ such c. 2x + 3y = xy d. 3x + 2 y = xy
that TS = 3. Then [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] 19. A point on the straight line, 3x + 5y = 15 which is
π equidistant from the coordinate axes will lie only in:
a. the acute angle between OQ and OS is
3 [JEE Main-2019]
b. the equation of the plane containing the triangle OQS is a. 1st and 2nd quadrants b. 4th quadrant
x− y =0 c. 1st, 2nd and 4th quadrant d. 1st quadrant

@iitjeehelps
Coordinates and Straight Lines 241
20. If a point R(4,y,z) lies on the line segment joining the 27. If the line 3x + 4y – 24 = 0 intersects the x-axis at the
points P(2,–3,4) and Q(8,0,10), then the distance of R point A and the y-axis at the point B, then the in centre of
from the origin is: [JEE Main 2019] the triangle OAB, where O is the origin, is
a. 2 14 b. 6 [JEE Main 2019]
a. (3, 4) b. (2, 2)
c. 53 d. 2 21
c. (4, 4) d. (4, 3)
21. Suppose that the points (h,k), (1,2) and (–3,4) lie on the
line L1. If a line L2 passing through the points (h,k) and 28. A point P moves on the line 2x – 3y + 4 = 0. If Q(1, 4) and
k R(3, –2) are fixed points, then the locus of the centroid of
(4,3) is perpendicular to L1, then equals
h ∆PQR is a line: [JEE Main 2019]
[JEE Main 2019] 2
a. parallel to x-axis b. with slope
1 3
a. 3 b. −
7 3
c. with slope d. parallel to y-axis
1 2
c. − d. 0
3
29. If 5, 5r, 5r2 are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, then r
22. Consider the set of all lines px + qy + r = 0 such that
cannot be equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
3 p + 2q + 4r = 0. Which one of the following statements is a. 3/2 b. 3 4
true? [JEE Main 2019] c. 5/4 d. 7/4
a. The lines are all parallel.
b. Each line passes through the origin. 30. Two vertices of a triangle are (0, 2) and (4, 3). If its
c. The lines are not concurrent. orthocentre is at the origin, then its third vertex lies in
The lines are concurrent at the point which quadrant? [JEE Main 2019]
a. Fourth b. Second
 3 1
d.  ,  c. Third d. First
 4 2
31. Two sides of a parallelogram are along the lines, x + y = 3
23. If θ denotes the acute angle between the curves, and x – y + 3 = 0. If its diagonals intersect at (2, 4), then
y = 10 − x 2 and y = 2 + x 2 at a point of their intersection, one of its vertex is [JEE Main 2019]
then |tan θ | is equal to: [JEE Main 2019] a. (2,6) b. (2,1)
a. 4/9 b. 7/17 c. (3,5) d. (3,6)
c. 8/17 d. 8/15
32. If in a parallelogram ABDC, the coordinates of A, B and C
24. Let the equations of two sides of a triangle be 3x– 2y + 6 are respectively (1, 2), (3, 4) and (2, 5), then the equation
= 0 and 4x + 5y – 20 = 0. If the orthocentre of this triangle of the diagonal AD is: [JEE Main 2019]
is at (1, 1), then the equation of its third side is : a. 5x + 3y – 11 = 0 b. 3x – 5y + 7 = 0
[JEE Main 2019] c. 3x + 5y – 13 = 0 d. 5x – 3y + 1 = 0
a. 122y – 26x – 1675 = 0 b. 26x + 61y + 1675 = 0
33. If the straight line, 2x – 3y + 17 = 0 is perpendicular to the
c. 122y + 26x + 1675 = 0 d. 26x – 122y – 1675 = 0
line passing through the points (7, 17) and (15, β), then β
25. Let S be the set of all triangles in the xy-plane, each equals: [JEE Main 2019]
having one vertex at the origin and the other two vertices 35
a. –5 b.
lie on coordinate axes with integral coordinates. If each 3
triangle in S has area 50 sq. units, then the number of 35
elements in the set S is: [JEE Main 2019] c. − d. 5
3
a. 9 b. 18 c. 32 d. 36
34. If a straight line passing through the point P(–3, 4) is such
3 
26. The shortest distance between the point  , 0  and the that its intercepted portion between the coordinate axes is
2 
bisected at P, then its equation is: [JEE Main 2019]
curve y = x , ( x > 0) is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. x – y + 7 = 0 b. 3x – 4y + 25 = 0
a. 5 /2 b. 5/4 c. 3/4 d. 3 /2 c. 4x + 3y = 0 d. 4x – 3y + 24 = 0

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242 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 1 sinθ 1  Column I Column II
  3π 5π 
35. If A = − sinθ 1 sinθ  ; then for all θ ∈  ,  , (A) L1 , L2 , L3 are concurrent, if 1. k = −9
 4 4 
 −1 − sinθ 1  (B) One of L1 , L2 , L3 is parallel 6
2. k = −
det(A) lies in the interval [JEE Main 2019] to at least of the other two, if 5

5  3  (C) L1 , L2 , L3 form a triangle, if 5

a.  , 4  b.  ,3 3. k =
6
4  2 
(D) L1 , L2 , L3 do not form a 4. k = 5
 3  5
c.  0,  d.  1,  triangle, if
 2  2
a. A→ 4; B→ 1,2; C→ 3; D→ 1,2,4
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
Matrix Match / Column Match
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
36. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II: d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
[JEE 2006]
Statement or Assertion & Reason
Column I Column II
38. Lines L1 : y − x = 0 and L2 : 2 x + y = 0 intersect the line
(A) Two rays in the first 1. 2
L3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q, respectively. The bisector of the
quadrant x + y = | a |
acute angle between L1 and L2 intersects L3 at R.
and ax − y = 1
intersects each other Statement-I: The ratio PQ : RQ equals 2 2 : 5.
in the interval and
a ∈ ( a0 , ∞ ), the Statement-II: In any triangle, bisector of an angle divides
value of a 0 is the triangle into two similar triangles. [JEE 2007 P-II]
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
(B) Point (α , β , γ ) lies on 2. 4 / 3
is a correct explanation for Statement-I
the plane x + y + z = 2.
b. Statement-II is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II

Let a = αiˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ, is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
 c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
kˆ ×(kˆ × a) = 0, then
d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
γ =
− x2
1 0 1 0 39. Statement-I: The curve y = + x + 1 is symmetric with
2
(C) ∫(1− y )dx + ∫(y −1)dy
2 2 3. ∫
0
1− x dx + ∫ 1+ x dx
1 respect to the line x = 1.
0 1
and
(D) If sin A sin B sin C + 4. 1 Statement-II: A parabola is symmetric about its axis.
cos Acos B then the a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
value of sin C = is a correct explanation for Statement-I
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
a. A→ 4; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

Paragraph
37. Consider the lines given by L1 : x + 3 y − 5 = 0, L2 : 3x − Paragraph for Question No. 40 to 42
ky − 1 = 0, L3 : 5 x + 2 y − 12 = 0 Match the Statements/
Let ABCD be a square of side length 2 units, C2 is the circle
Expressions in Column I with the Statements/ Expressions
through vertices, A, B, C, D and C1 is the circle touching all the
in Column II [JEE 2008 P-II]
sides of the square ABCD. L is a line through A. [JEE 2006]

@iitjeehelps
Coordinates and Straight Lines 243
40. If P is a point on C1 and Q in another point on C 2 , then Paragraph for Question No. 46
PA + PB + PC + PD
2 2 2 2
is equal to Let S be the circle in the xy-plane defined by the equation
QA2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2
a. 0.75 b. 1.25 x2 + y 2 = 4. [JEE 2018 Paper-I]
c. 1 d. 0.5 46 Let E1 E2 and F1 F2 be the chords of S passing through the
41 A circle touches the line L and the circle C1 externally
point P0 (1,1) and parallel to the x-axis and the y-axis,
such that both the circles are on the same side of the line,
respectively. Let G1G2 be the chord of S passing through
then the locus of centre of the circle is
a. ellipse b. hyperbola P0 and having slope –1. Let the tangents to S at E1 and E2
c. parabola d. parts of straight line meet at E3, the tangents to S at F1 and F2 meet at F3, and
the tangents to S at G1 and G2 meet at G3. Then, the points
42. A line M through A is drawn parallel to BD. Point S
E3, F3, and G3 lie on the curve
moves such that its distances from the line BD and the
vertex A are equal. If locus of S cuts M at T2 and T3 and a. x + y = 4 b. ( x − 4)2 + ( y − 4)2 = 16

AC at T1, then area of ∆ T1 T2 T3 is c. ( x − 4)( y − 4) = 4 d. xy = 4

1 2
a. sq. unit b. sq. unit Integer & Subjective
2 3
c. 1 sq. unit d. 2 sq. unit 47. The area of the triangle formed by the intersection of a
line parallel to x-axis and passing through P (h, k) with the
Paragraph for Question No. 43 to 45 lines y = x and x + y = 2 is 4 h 2 . Find the locus of the
A circle C of radius 1 is inscribed in an equilateral triangle point P [JEE 2005]
PQR. The points of contact of C with the sides PQ, QR, RP
48. Let (x, y, z) be points with integer coordinates satisfying
are D, E, F , respectively. The line PQ is given by the equation the system of homogeneous equations: 3x − y − z = 0
,
3 3 3 −3 x + z = 0 −3x + 2 y + z = 0. Then the number of such
3 x + y − 6 = 0 and the point D is 
 2 , 2  .
Further, it is
  points for which x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 100 is
given that the origin and the centre of C are on the same side of [JEE 2009 P-II]
the line PQ. [JEE 2008 P- I]
49. Let f be a real-valued differentiable function on R (the set
43. The equation of circle C is of all real numbers) such that f(1) = 1. If the y-intercept of
2 the tangent at any point P(x, y) on the curve y = f(x) is
b. ( x − 2 3) 2 +  y +  = 1
1
a. ( x − 2 3) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 1
 2 equal to the cube of the abscissa of P, then the value of
f (−3) is equal to [JEE 2010 Paper -I]
c. ( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 1 d. ( x − 3) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 1

44. Points E and F are given by ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

 3 3  3 1
a.  3 2
 2 , 2  , ( 3, 0)
b. 
 2 , 2  , ( 3, 0) 1. (c) ∆ = b . . .(i)
    4
 3 3  3 1 3 3  3 1 sin120° sin 30°
c.  Also =
 2 , 2  ,  2 , 2 
d.  ,
 2 2  ,  2 , 2  a b
       
⇒ a = 3b
45. Equations of the sides QR, RP are 1
and ∆ = 3s and s = (a + 2b)
2 2 1 2
a. y = x + 1, y = − x − 1 b. y = x, y = 0
3 3 3 3
⇒ ∆= (a + 2b) . . .(ii)
3 3 2
c. y = x + 1, y = − x − 1 d. y = 3 x, y = 0
2 2 From equations. (i) and (ii), we get ∆ = (12 + 7 3)

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244 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
2. (c) Since, ∆ is isosceles, hence centroid is the desired point. Let point is (r, r)
(3, 4) (r − 1)2 + (r − 1) 2 < 2 2
2 | ( r − 1) | < 2 2
⇒ | r − 1| < 2 −1 < r < 3
⇒ (−1, − 1) lies on the opposite side of origin for both lines
(0, 0) (6, 0) ⇒ −a − b + c < 0
3.(b, d) PS × ST = QS × SR ⇒ a+b−c > 0
1 1 7. (b)
+
PS ST > 1 × 1
2 PS ST
1 1 2 P θ θ
⇒ + >
PS ST QS × SR ( 3,0)

QS + SR Slope of x + 3 y = 3 is −
1
= m1 (let)
> QS × SR
2 O 3
QR 1
> QS × SR R So, tan θ = − , θ = 150°
2 Q S 3
1 2
⇒ > T
So, slope of reflexted ray is tan 30° =
1
QS × SR QR
3
1 1 4
⇒ + > . So, equation of reflected ray is y − 0 =
1
( x − 3)
PS ST QR 3
4. (d) P ≡ (− sin( β − α ), − cos β ) ≡ ( x1 , y1 )
3y = x − 3
Q ≡ (cos( β − α ), sin β ) ≡ ( x2 , y2 ) and
0,1(a, b) 0,2
R ≡ ( x2 cosθ + x1 sin θ , y2 cos θ + y1 sin θ ) 8. (b)
2
 x cosθ + x1 sin θ y2 cos θ + y1 sin θ  (1,1) 8
We see that T ≡  2 , 
 cos θ + sin θ cosθ + sin θ 
(−a, −b + 2) (1,0) (a + 2, −2 + b) 0,0 2 2,0
and P, Q, T are collinear
On solving a = 0 and b = 0
⇒ P, Q, R are non-collinear.
(c) Inclination of line 3 x + y = 1 is 150° 0.2 + 0 × 8 + 2 × 2 4
5. Ix = Ix =
Inclination of line L = 150° ± 60° = 210°, 90° 2+2+2 2 4+2 2
Slope of line L = tan 210° = tan(180° + 30°) 2 2− 2 2(2 − 2 )
Ix = × Ix =
1 2+ 2 2− 2 2
= tan 30° =
3 ⇒ 2− 2
Equation of Line L 9. (c) Let the intersection is (h, –h) as lies in the fourth
1
y+2 = ( x − 3) quadrant and is equidistant from the two axes
3 4ah – 2ah + c = 0
⇒ 3y − x + 3 + 2 3 = 0 5ah – 2bh + d = 0
6. (a) c d
bx + ay + c = 0 y So, − =
ax + by + c = 0 2a 3b
3bc − 2ad = 0
x 10. (b) P(2,2)
O (0, 0)
(r, r)
(–1,–1)

S
For point intersection (a − b) x1 = (a − b) y1 Q(6,–1) 13 R(7,3)
,1
⇒ Point lie on line y = x . . .(i) 2

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Coordinates and Straight Lines 245

Slope of PS = 4 −
2 ⇒ 2iˆ − 2 ˆj
9 3
1 ⇒ x− y =λ ⇒ x = y ⇒ ⊥ (3, 0, 0) ⇒
Line ⇒ y + 1 = − ( x − 1) 2
9
x −0 y −3 z −0
⇒ 9 y + 2x + 7 = 0 ⇒ RS → = = =λ
3/ 2 −3/ 2 3
Y 3 3
11. (d) ⇒ x = λ, y = − λ + 3, z = 3λ
B (0, 41) 2 2
3
T distance −3+9
2
X′ X
O 1 40 A
15
Y′
⇒
2
y − 0 = −( x − 41) x + y = 41 2
9  3  27
(39 + 1) ⇒ D = λ 2 +  3 − λ  + 9λ 2 = λ 2 − 9λ + 9
39 + 38 + 37 + ..... + 1 = 39 = 780 4  2  2
2
9 1
12. (c) ⇒ λ= =
D C 27 3
x+6
x − y +1 = 0 14. (d) y =
(−1, − 2) ( x − 2)( x − 3)
Point of intersection with y-axis (0, 1)
A 7x − y − 5 = 0
B
( x2 − 5x + 6)(1) − ( x + 6)(2 x − 5)
y′ =
On solving equation of AB and AD . Vertex A(1, 2) ( x 2 − 5x + 6)2
∵ P is mid-point of AC. ⇒ y ′ = 1 at point (0, 1)
Hence vertex C is ( −3, −6). ∴ Hence equation of normal is x + y = 1
So equation of other two sides are 7 x − y + 15 = 0 1 1
∴  2 , 2  satisfy it.
and x − y − 3x = 0.  
1 8  7 4 15. (b)
Hence other vertices are  , −  and  − ,  C (2, –6)
 3 3   3 3
13. (b,c,d) E
(0, 0, 0) (α, β) H
R (0,3,0) Q

3
2 T  3 , 3 ,0 
 
2 2  B C
D
O P (3,0,0) 3 3  (5, 2) (–2, 2)
 2 λ , − 2 λ + 3, 3λ 
 
k −3k 1
1
3 3 


 We have 5 k 1 = 28
S ≡  , , 3  ⇒ OQ = 3iˆ + 3 ˆj 2
2 2  −k 2 1



 3 3 ⇒ 5 k 2 + 13k − 46 = 0
⇒ OS = iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ
2 2 or 5 k 2 + 13k + 66 = 0 (no real solution exist)
1 1 −23
+ ∴ k= or k = 2
2 2 1 1 5
⇒ cosθ = = =
2
1 1
+ +1 2
3 3 As k is an integer, so k = 2
2 4 2  1






 ⇒ orthocenter is  2, 
⇒ n = OQ × OS = (iˆ + ˆj ) × (iˆ + ˆj + 2 kˆ ) = kˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ + 2iˆ  2

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246 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
P ⇒ locus of R(r , k )
16. (c)
2 3
+ =1
x y
S
⇒ 3x + 2 y = xy
Q S
y-axis

→ 
→ 
→ 
→ 
→ 
→ 
→ 
→
OP ⋅ OQ + OR ⋅ OS = OR ⋅ OP + OQ ⋅ OS 19. (a)  15 − 3t 
P  t, 
 5 
→  
 → →
 →  
 →  → 
⇒ OP ⋅  OQ − OR  + OS ⋅  OR − OQ  = 0 O(0,0) x-axis
   

→ 
→
Similarly QS ⋅ PS = 0 15 − 3t
Now, =t
∴ S is orthocenter of the triangle 5
15 − 3t 15 − 3t
17. (b) y ⇒ = t or = −t
T (0,3) 5 5
15 −15
∴ t = or t =
x 8 2
 15 15  st
Q P So, P  ,  ∈ I quadrant or
8 8
Clearly PQ is a chord of contact,
i.e., equation of PQ is T ≡ 0  −15 15 
P ,  ∈ II nd quadrant
⇒ y = −12  2 2

Solving with the curve, 4 x 2 − y 2 = 36 4 − y 10 − z

20. (a) = =
⇒ x = ± 3 5, y = −12 2 y +3 z −4
⇒ z = 6 and y = –2
i.e., P (3 5, −12); Q ( −3 5, −12); T (0,3)
⇒ R(4, –2, 6)
Area of ∆PQT is dist. from origin
1 = 16 + 4 + 36 = 2 14
∆= × 6 5 × 15 = 45 5
2
21. (c) (h,k) (1,2) (–3,4)
x y
18. (d) Let the equation of line be + =1 …(i) L1
a b
(4,3)
(i) passes through the fixed point (2,3)
2 3
⇒ + =1 …(ii)
a b L2
P(a, 0), Q(0, b), O(0,0). Let R (h, k ), equation of L1 is
Q(0,b) R(h,k) 1 5
y = x+ . . . ( i)
2 2
equation of L2 is
y = 2x – 5 . . . (ii)
O(0,0) P(a,0)
by (i) and (ii)
h k x=3
Midpoint of OR is  , 
2 2 y = 1 ⇒ h = 3, k = 1
a b k 1
Midpoint of PQ is  ,  =
 2 2 h 3
⇒ h = a, k = b …(iii) 22. (d) Given set of lines px + qy + r = 0
2 3 give condition 3 p + 3q + 4r = 0
From (ii) & (iii), + = 1
h h

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Coordinates and Straight Lines 247
3 1 27. (b)
⇒ p+ q+r =0
4 2 (0,6)

3 1 (r,r) 3x + 4y = 24
⇒ All lines pass through a fixed point  , 
4 2
(0,0) (8,0)
23. (d) point of intersection is P(2,6)
 dy  3r + 4 r − 24
Also m1 =   =r
5
 dx  P (2,6)
7r – 24 = ±5r
= 2x = –4
2r = 24 or 12r + 24
 dy 
m1 =   = 2x = 4 r = 14, r = 2
 dx  P (2,6) then incentre is (2, 2)
m1 − m2 8 28. (b) Let the centroid of
∴ | tan θ |= =
1 + m1m2 15 ∆PQR is (h, k) and P is (α, β ), then
A α +1+ 3
24. (d) =h
3
F E β +4−2
and =k
3
(1,1)
α = (3h − 4) β = (3k − 4)
Point P(α, β ) lies on line
B
D C 2x − 3y + 4 = 0
Equation of AB is ∴ 2(3h − 4) − 3(3k − 2) + 4 = 0
3x – 2y + 6 = 0 ⇒ locus is 6 x − 9 y + 2 = 0
equation of AC is
29. (d) r =1 is obviously ture.
4x + 5y – 20 = 0
Let 0 < r < 1
Equation of BE is
⇒ r + r2 > 1
2x + 3y – 5 = 0
⇒ r2 + r – 1 > 0
Equation of CF is 5x – 4y – 1 = 0
⇒ Equation of BC 26x – 122y = 1675  −1 − 5    −1 + 5  
 r −  r −  
25. (d) Let A(α,0) and B(0,β)  2    2  
be the vectors of the given triangle AOB −1 − 5
⇒ |αβ | = 100 ⇒ r−
2
⇒ Number of triangles −1 + 5
= 4 × (number of divisors of 100) or r>
2
= 4 × 9 = 36
 5 −1 
3  r ∈  ,1
26. (a) Let points  , 0   2 
2 
5 −1
(t 2 , t ), t > 0 < r <1
2
2
 3 when r > 1
Distance = t 2 +  t 2 − 
 2 5 +1 1
⇒ > >1
9 5 2 r
= t 4 − 2t 2 + = (t 2 − 1) 2 +
4 4  5 −1 5 + 1 
⇒ r ∈  
5 5  2 2 
So minimum distance is =
4 2 New check options

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248 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
30. (b) mBD × mAD = −1  1 sin θ 1 
 sin θ  = 2(1 + sin 2 θ )
 3− 2   b −0  35. (b) | A |=  − sin θ 1
⇒  ×  = −1  −1 − sin θ 1 
 4−0  a−0
⇒ b + 4a = 0 . . .(i)  3π 5π  1 1 1
A (a, b) θ ∈ , ⇒ < sin θ < ⇒ 0 ≤ sin 2 θ <
 4 4  2 2 2

F E ∴ | A |∈ [2,3)
(0, 0)
36. (a)
(A) Solving the two equations of ray i.e., x + y = | a | and
B D C
(0, 2) (4, 3) ax − y = 1

 (b − 2)   3  | a | +1 | a | −1
mAB × mCF = −1 ⇒  We get x = > 0 and y = >0
 ×   = −1 a +1 a +1
 a−0   4
When a + 1 > 0; we get a > 1, ∴ a0 = 1
⇒ 3b − 6 = − 4 a ⇒ 4 a + 3b = 6 . . .(ii)

from(i) and (ii) (B) We have a = α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ
−3 
a= ,b = 3 ⇒ a ⋅ kˆ = γ
4
 
∴ IInd quadrant Now; kˆ × (kˆ × aˆ ) = (kˆ ⋅ a )kˆ − (kˆ ⋅ kˆ)a = γ kˆ − (α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ)

31. (d) D (x3,y3) C (x1,y1)
= α iˆ + β ˆj = 0
⇒ α =β =0
x + y = –3 (2,4)
As α + β + γ = 2 ⇒ γ = 2
B (x2,x2)
A 1 0 1
x+y=3 4
∫ (1 − y )dy + ∫ ( y − 1)dy = 2∫ (1 − y )dy =
2 2 2
(C)
Solving 0 1 0
3
x+ y =3
A(0,3) 1 0 1

and x − y = −3 ∫ 1 − x dx + ∫ 1 + x dx = 2 ∫ 1 − x dx
−1
x1 + 0
0 0
= 2; xi = 4 similarly y1 = 5 C ⇒ (2,1) 1 1
2 2 4
= 2∫ x dx = 2 ⋅ ⋅ x3/ 2 =
Now equation of BC is x – y = –1 0
3 0 3
and equation of CD is x + y = 9
(D) sin Asin B sin C + cos Acos B ≤ sin Asin B + cos Acos B = cos( A − B)
Solving x + y = 9 and x – y = –3
⇒ cos( A − B ) ≥ 1
Point D is (3, 6)
Option (d) ⇒ cos( A − B ) = 1 ⇒ sin C = 1

32. (d) co-ordinates of point D are (4,7) 37. (a) x + 3 y − 5 = 0

⇒ line AD is 5x – 3y + 1 = 0 and 5x + 2 y − 12 = 0 intersect at (2, 1)
17 − β 2 Hence 6 − k − 1 = 0 k = 5
33. (d) × = −1 β = 5
−8 3 for L1 , L2 to be parallel
1 3
34. (d) = ⇒ k = −9
P(–3,4) B(0, b) 3 −k
for L2 , L3 to be parallel
A(a, 0)
3 −k −6
= ⇒k= .
5 2 5
x y a b −6
Let the line be + = 1 (–3,4) =  ,  for k ≠ 5, − 9, they will form triangle
a b  2 2 5
a = –6, b = 8 −6
for k = 5, k = −9, they will not form triangle
equation of line is 4x – 3y + 24 = 0 5

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Coordinates and Straight Lines 249
38. (c) In ∆OPQ BD is the directrix of parabola].
1
Also T2T3 is lotus return ∴ T2T3 = 4 ×
2
1 1 4
∴ Area of ∆ T1 T2T3 = × × =1
O 2 2 2
L1 θ /2 θ /2 L2
43. (d)
L3 y=–2
P R Q Q
(–2, –2) (1, –2) ( 3, 3)
 3 3
 ,  3 3 3
PR OP 2 2  , 
Clearly = =  2 2
 2 2 
RQ OQ 5 E D

C
x2
39. (a) y = − + x +1
2 R 60 60 P
F( 3, 0)
3 1 3x + y − 6 = 0
⇒ y − = − ( x − 1) 2 x= 3 x= 3
2 2
⇒ It is symmetric about x = 1. 3 3 3
x− y−
Equation of CD is 2 = 2 = −1
40. (a) Let A, B, C and D be the complex numbers, 3 1
2 2
2, − 2, 2i and − 2i respectively.
⇒ C ≡ ( 3, 1) Equation of the circle is
PA2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2
⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 1.
QA2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2

| z1 − 2|2 +| z1 − 2|2 +| z1 − 2i |2 +| z1 − 2i |2 | z1 |2 +2 3 44. (a) Since the radius of the circle is 1 and C ( 3,1),
= = 2 =
| z2 + 2|2 +| z2 − 2|2 +| z2 − 2i |2 +| z2 − 2i |2 | z1 | +2 4 coordinates of F ≡ ( 3, 0). Equation of CE is
41. (c) Let C be the centre of the required circle x − 3 y −1  3 3
= =1 ⇒ E ≡ 
Now draw a line parallel to L at a distance of r1 (radius of 3 1  2 , 2 
−  
C1 ) from it. 2 2
C1
P1 45. (d) Equation of QR is y − 3 = 3( x − 3)
⇒ y = 3 x. Equation of RP is y = 0.

C 46. (a) Equation of chord G1G2

C1
L ( y − 1) = ( −1)( x − 1) y −1 = − x + 1
y+x=2
A
Now CP1 = AC ⇒ C lies on a parabola. G1 (0, 2) G2 (2, 0)
E1 ( − 3,1) E2 ( 3,1)
42. (c)
M D C F1 (1, 3) F2 (1, − 3)
T1 G y
T2
G1 F1
A B
E1 E2
(1,1)
x' x
O G2
AG = 2
1 F2
∴ AT1 = TG
1 = [as A is the foucs, T1 is the vertex and
2 y'

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250 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Intersection point of tangents at point F1 and F2 lies on x 48. (7) 3x − y − z = 0
axis and point F3 is (4, 0). Intersection point of tangents −3 x + z = 0
at point E1 and E2 lies on y-axis and point E3 is (0, 4). ⇒ y = 0 and z = 3 x

Intersection point of tangents at point G1 and G2 is ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = x 2 + z 2 = x2 + 9 x2 = 10 x2 ≤ 100

G3 (2, 2). Equation of curve which passes through (4, 0), ⇒ x2 ≤ 10
(0, 4) and (2, 2) is x + y = 4. ⇒ x = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3
There are such seven points.
47. Area of triangle
1 49. (9) y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
= ⋅ AB ⋅ AC = 4 h 2 and
2 Put x = 0, to get y intercept
y y=x
y1 = mx1 = x13
dy dy
A (1, 1) y1 − x1 = x13 x − y = − x3
dx dx
B (k , k ) C (2 − k , k )
y=k 1
P (h, k )
dy y f dx
− ln x 1
x − = − x2 e x = e =
O dx x x
x+ y=2
1 1
y × = ∫ − x × dx
2
AB = 2 k − 1 = AC x x

⇒ 4h 2 =
1
⋅ 2 ⋅ ( k − 1) 2 y y x2
= −∫ xdx ⇒ = − + c
2 x x 2
⇒ k − 1 = ± 2h. x3 3
⇒ f ( x) = − + x ∴ f ( −3) = 9.
⇒ locus is y = 2x +1, y = −2x +1 2 2

  

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Circles and Systems of Circles 251

20 Circles and Systems of Circles

QUICK LOOK
P is inside the circle if PO < a, i.e., x12 + y12 − a 2 i.e.,
S ( x1 , y1 ) < 0
Equation of a Circle

The equation of a circle whose centre = ( h, k ) and radius
P is on the circle if PO = a , i.e., x12 + y12 − a 2 = 0, i.e.,
S ( x1 , y1 ) = 0
= a, is ( x − h)2 + ( y − k 2 ) = a 2 .

The equation of a circle whose centre is the origin and
P is outside the circle if PO > a , i.e., x12 + y12 − a 2 > 0, i.e.,

radius is a, is x 2 + y 2 = a 2 . S ( x1 , y1 ) > 0

The general equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0.
If P = (r1,y1) and the circle is

S ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 then
whose centre = (− g , f ) and radius = g 2 + f 2 − c

P is inside the circle if S ( x1 , y1 ) < 0

The equation of a circle whose one diameter is the line

P is on the circle if S ( x1 , y1 ) = 0
segment joining the points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) is

P is outside the circle if S ( x1 , y1 ) > 0
( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) + ( y − y1 )( y − y2 ) = 0.

Location of a Circle in Relation to a Circle

Concurrency: Suppose that P( x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 ) are the Let S1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 g1 x + 2 f1 y + c1 = 0
end-points of a diameter, the equation of circle can be written a
S2 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 g1 x + 2 f1 y + c1 = 0
( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) + ( x − y1 )( y − y2 ) = 0
be two circles. Let D be the discriminant for the quadratic

Let P(x1, x1) be a point in the plane, and S(x, y) = 0 represent equation in x (or y) obtained by eliminating y (or x) from the
a circle. The position of P with respect to the circle is two equations of the circle. Then
governed by the following conditions:
they are two intersecting circles if D > 0

P lie inside the circle ⇒ S ( x1 , y1 ) < 0
they are nonintersecting (no common points) if D < 0

P lies on the circle ⇒ S ( x1 , y1 ) = 0
they touch each other if D = 0

If D < 0, i.e., the circles are nonintersecting then

P lies outside the circle ⇒ S ( x1 , y1 ) > 0
(i) S1 = 0 is outside S2 = 0 if S2 (− g1 , − f1 ) > 0 or

We note that any point P lying on the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 can
S1 (− g 2 , − f 2 ) > 0; equivalently, AB > r1 + r2 where A, B are
be represented in the polar form P ≡ (a cosθ , a sin θ ).
centres and r1, r2 are radii respectively.
Condition for a Circle: The equation S ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + (ii) S1 = 0 in inside S2 = 0 if S2 (− g1 , − f1 ) < 0; equivalently,
c = 0 represents AB < r2 − r1 . If D = 0, i.e., the circles touch then

a real circle if g 2 + f 2 ≥ c
they touch externally if AB = r1 + r2

a point circle (i.e., a circle of zero radius) if g + f = c 2 2

they touch internally if AB = |r1 – r2|

an imaginary circle if g 2 + f 2 < c A Line in Relation to a Circle: Let L ≡ ax + by + c = 0 be a
The general equation of the second degree in x and y, i.e.,
line and S ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx +2 fy + c = 0 be a circle.
xx2 ++22hxy
hxy++by gx++22fyfy++cc==00 represents a circle if
by2 ++22gx

The points of intersection is obtained by solving L = 0, S = 0
a = b, h = 0
The line cuts the circle at two distinct real points if D > 0
Location of a Point in Relation to a Circle where D is the discriminant of the quadratic equation in x

If P = ( x1 , y1 ) and the circle is S ≡ x 2 + y 2 − a 2 = 0 then (or y) obtained by eliminating y (or x) from L = 0, S = 0;
equivalently, the length of the perpendicular from the centre
(here O is the origin)
to the line is less than the radius.

@iitjeehelps
 252 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

The line touches the circle at a point if D < 0; equivalently, Any Point on a Circle, any Tangent to a Circle
the length of the perpendicular from the centre to the line is Any point on the circle x + y = a can be taken as ( x1 , y1 )
2 2 2

equal to the radius.

where x1 + y1 = a , or (a cosθ , a sin θ )
2 2 2

The line does not cut or touch the circle if D < 0;
equivalently, the length of the perpendicular from the centre
Any tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 can be taken as
to the line is greater than the radius.
y = mx ± a 1 + m 2 .

Tangents and Tangency Here ± indicates that we can take two tangents to the circle

The equation of the tangent to a curve y = f(x) at the point in any direction.

Any tangent to the circle ( x − h) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 = a 2 is given by
 dy 
( x1 , y1 ) is y − y1 =   ⋅ ( x − x1 ) .
 dx  x1 . y1 y − k = m( x − h) ±a 1 + m2 .

The equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 at the
Length of Tangent, Chord of Contact, Polar and Pole
point ( x1 , y1 ) is xx1 + yy1 = a 2 .
The length of tangent from ( x1 , y1 ) to the circle

The equation of the tangent to the circle
S ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
x + y + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 at the point ( x1 , y1 ) is xx1 + yy1 +
2 2

S1 ≡ x12 + y12 + 2 gx1 + 2 fy1 + c

xx1 + yy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c = 0.

The chord of contact of the tangents from the point ( x1 , y1 )
Note to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is xx1 + yy1 = a 2
In writing the equation of the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) we replace x.x x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
(i.e., x2) by xx1 , y . y (i.e., y2 ) by yy1 , x + x (i.e., 2x) by xx1 + yy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c = 0
x + x1 , y + y (i.e., 2 y ) by y + y1 in the equation of the circle.
The polar of the point ( x1 , y1 ) with respect to the circle
The same is true for other second degree curves together with
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is xx1 + yy1 = a 2
the replacement of 2xy by x1 y + xy1 .
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
y = mx + c touches the circle x + y = a if
2 2 2

The line
xx1 + yy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c = 0
c = ±a 1 + m . 2

The pole of the line L = 0 with respect to the circle S = 0

A line L = 0 touches the circle if p = r where p = length of is the point (α , β ) whose polar with respect to the circle is
the perpendicular from the centre of the circle to the line
L = 0.
and r = radius of the circle.

The equation of the pair of tangents to the circle S = 0 from Chord with Given Middle Point: The chord of the circle
the point (x1, y1) is S.S1 = T 2 where S1 ≡ value of S at (x1, y1) S = 0 whose middle point is ( x1 , y1 ) has the equation S1 = T .
and T = 0 is the equation of tangent at (x1, y1) when the
Orthogonal Circles: Let S1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 g1 x + 2 f1 y + c1 = 0 and
point is on the circle.
S 2 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 g 2 x + 2 f 2 y + c2 = 0 be two circles whose
Normal centres are A, B and radii r1 , r2 respectively.

The normal to a circle S = 0 at a point (x1, y1) is the line
The two circles cut orthogonally if r1 + r2 = AB ; equivalently,
2 2 2

joining the point and the centre of the circle.

2 g1 g 2 + 2 f1 f 2 = c1 + c2 .

The equation of the normal to a curve y = f(x) at the point
−1 Equation of Line/Circles Through Intersection of a
(x1, y1) is y − y1 = ·( x − x1 )
 dy  Line/Circle and a Circle
 
 dx  x1 , y1
The equation of circles passing through the intersection of

The equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 = a the point the line L = 0 and the circle S = 0 is S + λ L = 0 where λ
x y is an arbitrary constant whose value is obtained using a
( x1 , y1 ) is = given additional geometrical condition.
x1 y1

@iitjeehelps
Circles and Systems of Circles 253

S=0
So, the radical centre is the point of intersection of the
radical axes S1 − S 2 = 0 and S 2 − S3 = 0

Three or more circles are called coaxial (or coaxial) circles
if each pair has the same radical axis.

The form of equation of a family of coaxial circles is
S + λL = 0
L=0 x 2 + y 2 + 2λ x + c = 0,
Figure 20.1
where λ is a parameter (c being fixed) and x = 0 (i.e.,

The equation of circles passing through the intersection of y-axis) is the common radical axis for each pair and the line
the two circles joining centers of any two circles of the system is taken as
S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is S1 + λ S2 = 0,(λ ≠ −1) the x-axis.
where λ is an arbitrary constant whose value is obtained
The limiting point of a coaxial system is the circle
using a given additional geometrical condition. belonging to the family whose radius is 0.
S1 = 0 So the limiting points of the coaxial system
x 2 + y 2 + 2λ x + c = 0 are (± c , 0)
S2 = 0

Multiple Choice Questions

S 1 + λS 2 =
Figure 20.2 One and More than One Correct

The equation of the common chord of the circles S1 = 0 and 1. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with area 18, with side AB
parallel to the side CD and AB = 2CD. Let AD be
S2 = 0 is given by S1 − S2 = 0 when the circles are
perpendicular to AB and CD. If a circle is drawn inside the
intersecting. quadrilateral ABCD touching all the sides, then its
S2 = 0 radius is [JEE 2007 P-II]
S1 = 0 a. 3 b. 2
c. 3/ 2 d. 1

2. Let a and b be non-zero real numbers. Then, the equation

S1 + S2 = 0
( ax 2 + by 2 + c ) ( x 2 − 5 xy + 6 y 2 ) = 0 represents
Figure 20.3
[JEE 2008 P -I]
Radical Axis, Radical Centre and Coaxal Circles a. four straight lines, when c = 0 and a, b are of the same
The locus of the point, from which the lengths of tangents to
sign
the circle S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 are equal, is a straight line. It is
b. two straight lines and a circle, when a = b , and c is of
called the radical axis of the two circles and its equation is
sign opposite to that of a
S1 − S 2 = 0.
c. two straight lines and a hyperbola, when a and b are
Note of the same sign and c is of sign opposite to that of a
The equation of the common chord of two circles and their d. a circle and an ellipse, when a and b are of the same
radical axis is the same when the circles are intersecting. sign and c is of sign opposite to that of a

3. Tangents drawn from the point P (1, 8) to the circle

S1 = 0 S2 = 0 x + y − 6 x − 4 y − 11 = 0 touch the circle at the points A
2 2

and B. The equation of the circumcircle of the triangle

PAB is [JEE 2009 P-I]
a. x + y + 4 x − 6 y + 19 = 0
2 2
Figure 20.4
b. x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 10 y + 19 = 0

The radical centre of three circles S1 = 0, S2 = 0 and S3 = 0
c. x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 6 y − 29 = 0
is the point of intersection of the radical axis of the circles,
taken in pairs. d. x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 4 y + 19 = 0

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254 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
4. The circle passing through the point (–1, 0) and touching 10. Let C be the circle with centre at (1,1) and radius = 1. If T
the y-axis at (0, 2) also passes through the point is the circle centered at (0, y), passing through origin and
[JEE 2011 P-II] touching the circle C externally, then the radius of T is
 3   5  equal to: [JEE Main 2014]
a.  − , 0  b.  − , 2 
 2   2  3 3 1 1
a. b. c. d.
 3 5 2 2 2 4
c.  − ,  d. (–4, 0)
 2 2
11. A circle S passes through the point (0, 1) and is
5. The locus of the mid-point of the chord of contact of orthogonal to the circles ( x –1)2 + y 2 = 16 and
tangents drawn from points lying on the straight line
x2 + y 2 = 1. Then [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
4x − 5y = 20 to the circle x2 + y 2 = 9 is. [JEE 2012P-I]
a. radius of S is 8 b. radius of S is 7
a. 20( x 2 + y 2 ) − 36 x + 45 y = 0
c. centre of S is ( −7, 1) d. centre of S is ( −8, 1)
b. 20( x 2 + y 2 ) + 36 x − 45 y = 0
12. Locus of the image of the point (2,3) in the line
c. 36( x 2 + y 2 ) − 20 x + 45 y = 0
(2 x − 3 y + 4) + k ( x − 2 y + 3) = 0, k ε R, is a
d. 36( x 2 + y 2 ) − 20 x − 45 y = 0
[JEE Main 2015]
6. Circle(s) touching x-axis at a distance 3 from the origin a. straight line parallel to x-axis
and having an intercept of length 2 7 on y-axis is (are) b. straight line parallel to y-axis
[JEE Adv. 2013 P-II] c. circle of radius 2
a. x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 8 y + 9 = 0 d. circle of radius 3
b. x + y − 6 x + 7 y + 9 = 0
2 2
13. The number of common tangents to the circles
c. x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 8 y + 9 = 0 x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6 y − 12 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 18 y + 26 = 0,
d. x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 7 y + 9 = 0 is [JEE Main 2015]
7. The circle passing through (1, − 2) and touching the axis a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

of x at (3, 0) also passes through the point 14. Consider the family of all circles whose centers lie on the
[JEE Main 2013] straight line y = x. If this family of circles is represented
a. (–5, 2) b. (2, –5) by the differential equation Py ''+ QY '+ 1 = 0, where P, Q
c. (5, –2) d. (–2, 5) dy d2y
are functions of x, y and y ′(here y ′ = , y ′′ = 2 ), then
dx dx
8. The equation of the circle passing through the foci of the
which of the following statements is (are) true?
x2 y2
ellipse + = 1, and having centre at (0, 3) is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
16 9
a. P = y + x
[JEE Main 2013]
b. P = y − x
a. x 2 + y 2 − 6 y − 7 = 0 b. x 2 + y 2 − 6 y + 7 = 0
c. P + Q = 1 − x + y + y ′ + ( y ′) 2
c. x 2 + y 2 − 6 y − 5 = 0 d. x 2 + y 2 − 6 y + x = 0
d. P − Q = x + y − y ′ − ( y ′) 2
9. In a triangle the sum of two sides is x and the product of
the same two sides is y. If x 2 − c 2 = y , where c is the 15. The centres of those circles which touch the circle,
third side of the triangle, then the ratio of the in-radius to x 2 + y 2 − 8 x − 8 y − 4 = 0, externally and also touch the
the circum-radius of the triangle is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] x-axis, lie on: [JEE Main 2016]
3y 3y a. a circle
a. b.
2 x( x + c) 2c ( x + c ) b. an ellipse which is not a circle
3y 3y c. a hyperbola
c. d.
4 x( x + c) 4c ( x + c ) d. a parabola

@iitjeehelps
Circles and Systems of Circles 255
16. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the equation, 22. The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords
x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 6 y − 12 = 0, is a chord of a circle S, whose intercepted on the circle, x2 + y2 = 16, by the lines, x + y =
centre is at (–3, 2), then the radius of S is: n, n∈ N, where N is the set of all natural numbers, is:
[JEE Main 2016] [JEE Main 2019]
a. 320 b. 160 c. 105 d. 210
a. 5 2 b. 5 3 c. 5 d. 10
23. Given that the slope of the tangent to a curve y = y(x) at
17. Let RS be the diameter of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1, where S is
2y
the point (1, 0). Let P be a variable point (other than R and any point (x,y) is 2 . If the curve passes through the
x
S) on the circle and tangents to the circle at S and P meet centre of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 0, then its equation
at the point Q. The normal to the circle at P intersects a is : [JEE Main 2019]
line drawn through Q parallel to RS at point E. Then the a. x loge|y| = 2(x – 1) b. x loge|y| = x – 1
locus of E passes through the point(s) [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I] c. x2 loge|y| = –2(x – 1) d. x loge|y| = –2(x – 1)
1 1 
b.  , 
1 1
a.  ,  24. Three circles of radii a, b, c (a < b < c) touch each other
3 3 4 2
externally, if they have x-axis as a common tangent, then:
1 1 
d.  , − 
1 1 [JEE Main 2019]
c.  , − 
3 3 4 2 1 1 1
a. = + b. a,b,c air in A.P
18. Let a, b ∈ R and a + b ≠ 0. Suppose
2 2
a b 3
 1  i = − 1. 1 1 1
S = z ∈ R : z = , t ∈ R, t ≠ 0  , where If c. a , b , c are in A.P d. = +
 a + ibt  b a c
z = x + iy and z ∈ S , then ( x, y ) lies on [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
25. If the circles x + y – 16x – 20y + 164 = r and (x – 4)2
2 2 2

1 + (y – 7)2 = 36 intersect at two distinct points, then:

and center  
1
a. the circle with radius , 0  for
2a  2a  [JEE Main 2019]
a > 0, b ≠ 0 a. 0 < r < 1 b. 1 < r < 11
c. r > 11 d. r = 11
1
and center  − 
1
b. the circle with radius − , 0  for
2a  2a  26. If a circle C passing through the point (4, 0) touches the
a < 0, b ≠ 0 circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 12 externally at the point (1, –1),
then the radius of C is: [JEE Main 2019]
c. the x-axis for a ≠ 0, b = 0
a. 57 b. 4 c. 2 5 d. 5
d. the y-axis for a = 0, b ≠ 0
19. Let the orthocentre and centroid of a triangle be A( −3,5) 27. If the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle,
x2 + y2 + 10x + 12y + c = 0 is 27 3 sq. units then c is
and B (3,3) respectively, If C is the circum-centre of this
equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
triangle, then the radius of the circle having line segment
a. 20 b. 25
AC as diameter, is [JEE Main 2018]
c. 13 d. –25
3 5 5
a. b. 10 c. 2 10 d. 3 28. A square is inscribed in the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y – 103 = 0
2 2
with its sides parallel to the coordinate axes. Then the
20. If the tangent at (1,7) to the curve x 2 = y − 6 touches the
distance of the vertex of this square which is nearest to the
circle x 2 + y 2 + 16 x + 12 y + c = 0 then the value of c is origin is: [JEE Main 2019]
[JEE Main 2018] a. 13 b. 137 c. 6 d. 41
a. 95 b. 195 c. 185 d. 85 29. The straight line x + 2y = 1 meets the coordinate axes at A
21. Let O(0, 0) and A(0, 1) be two fixed points. Then the and B. A circle is drawn through A, B and the origin. Then
locus of a point P such that the perimeter of ∆AOP is 4, is: the sum of perpendicular distances from A and B on the
[JEE Main 2019] tangent to the circle at the origin is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. 8x2 – 9y2 + 9y = 18 b. 9x2 + 8y2 – 8y = 16 5 5
a. b. c. 2 5 d. 4 5
c. 8x2 + 9y2 – 9y = 18 d. 9x2 – 8y2 + 8y = 16 4 2

@iitjeehelps
256 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
30. Two circles with equal radii are intersecting at the points 36. Match the statements in Column I with the properties
(0, 1) and (0, –1). The tangent at the point (0, 1) to one of Column II [JEE 2007 P-II]
the circles passes through the centre of the other circle. Column I Column II
Then the distance between the centres of these circles is: (A) Two intersecting circles 1. have a common
[JEE Main 2019] tangent
a. 1 b. 2 c. 2.2 d. 2
(B) Two mutually external 2. have a common
31. If a variable line, 3x + 4y – λ = 0 is such that the two circles normal
circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y 2 – 18x – 2y + (C) two circles, one strictly 3. do not have a
78 = 0 are on its opposite sides, then the set of all values inside the other common tangent
of λ is the interval: [JEE Main 2019] (D) two branches of a 4. do not have a
a. [12, 21] b. (2, 17) hyperbola common normal
c. (23, 31) d. [13, 23]
a. A→ 1,2; B→ 1,2; C→ 2,3; D→ 2,3
32. let C1 and C2 be the centres of the circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
2 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 6x – 6y +14 = 0 respectively. If P and c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
Q are the points of intersection of these circles, then the d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral PC1QC2 is:
[JEE Main 2019] Match the Column for Questions No. 37 to 39
a. 8 b. 6 c. 9 d. 4
The information are given in the three columns of the following
33. If a circle of radius R passes through the origin O and
table. Columns I, II and III contain conics, equations of tangent
intersects the coordinate axes at A and B, then the locus of
to the conics and points of contact, respectively.
the foot of perpendicular from O on AB is:
[JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
[JEE Main 2019]
2 2 2
a. (x + y ) = 4Rx y2 2
b. (x + y )(x + y) = R2xy
2 2 Column I Column II Column III
2 2 3 2 2 2
c. (x + y ) = 4R x y d. (x2 + y2)2 = 4R2x2y2 2 2
(I) x + y = a 2
(i) my = m2 x + a  a 2a 
1.  2 , 
34. A line y = mx + 1 meets the circle (x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25
m m 
(II) x2 +a2y2 = a2 (ii) y = mx + a m 2 + 1  
3
at points P and Q. If mid point of PQ has abscissa of − , 2.  −ma , a

 2 2
5  m +1 m +1 
then value of m satisfies [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I] (III) y2 = 4ax a2m2 −1 3.  −a 2m 
(iii) y = mx +  ,
1

a. 6 ≤ m < 8 b. 2 ≤ m < 4  a 2 2
m + 1 a 2 2
m + 1 
c. − 3 ≤ m < −1 d. 4 ≤ m < 6 (IV) x2 −a2y2 =a2 2 2  −a2m −1 
(iv) y = mx + a m +1 4.  , 
2 2 2 2
 a m −1 a m −1 
Matrix Match / Column Match
35. Match the following: Normals are drawn at Points P, Q  1
37. The tangent to a suitable conic Column I at  3,  is
and R lying on the parabola y = 4 x which intersect at
2
 2
(3, 0). Then [JEE 2006]
found to be 3x + 2y = 4 , then which of the following
Column I Column II
(A) Area of ∆ PQR 1. 2 options is the only Correct combination?
a. (IV) (iii) (4) b. (II) (iii) (3)
(B) Radius of circumcircle of 2. 5/ 2
∆ PQR c. (IV) (iv) (4) d. (II) (iv) (3)
(C) Centroid of ∆PQR 3. (5 / 2, 0) 38. If a tangent to a suitable conic Column I is found to be
(D) Circumcentre of ∆ PQR 4. (2 / 3, 0) y = x + 8 and its point of contact is (8, 16), then which of
a. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 4; D→ 3 the following options is the only correct combination?
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
a. (III) (i) (1) b. (I) (ii) (2)
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
c. (II) (iv) (3) d. (III) (ii) (2)
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1

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Circles and Systems of Circles 257
39. For a = 2 , if a tangent is drawn to a suitable conic 42. If P is a point on C1 and Q in another point on C 2 , then
(Column I) at the point of contact ( −1, 1) , then which of PA2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2
is equal to [JEE 2006]
QA2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2
the following options is the only CORRECT combination
for obtaining its equation? a. 0.75 b. 1.25 c. 1 d. 0.5
a. (II) (ii) (2) b. (I) (i) (1) 43. A circle touches the line L and the circle C1 externally
c. (I) (ii) (2) d. (III) (i) (1) such that both the circles are on the same side of the line,
then the locus of centre of the circle is
Statement or Assertion & Reason a. ellipse b. hyperbola
c. parabola d. parts of straight line
40. Tangents are drawn from the point (17, 7) to the circle
44. A line M through A is drawn parallel to BD. Point S
x 2 + y 2 = 169.
moves such that its distances from the line BD and the
Statement-I: The tangents are mutually perpendicular.
vertex A are equal. If locus of S cuts M at T2 and T3 and
and
AC at T1, then area of ∆ T1 T2 T3 is
Statement-II: The locus of the points from which
mutually perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the given 1 2
a. sq. unit b. sq. unit
circle is x 2 + y 2 = 338. [JEE 2007 P-I] 2 3
c. 1 sq. unit d. 2 sq. unit
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
is a correct explanation for Statement-I. Paragraph for Question No. 45 to 48
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
Consider the circle x 2 + y 2 = 9 and the parabola y 2 = 8 x. They
is not a correct explanation for Statement-I.
intersect at P and Q in the first and the fourth quadrants,
c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
respectively. Tangents to the circle at P and Q intersect the
d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.
x-axis at R and tangents to the parabola at P and Q intersect the
41. Consider L1 : 2 x + 3 y + p − 3 = 0 L2 : 2 x + 3 y + p + 3 = 0, x-axis at S. [JEE 2007 P-I]
where p is a real number, and C : x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 30 45. The ratio of the areas of the triangles PQS and PQR is
= 0. a. 1 : 2 b. 1 : 2
Statement-I: If line L1 is a chord of circle C , then line L2 c. 1 : 4 d. 1 : 8
is not always a diameter of circle C. 46. The radius of the circumcircle of the triangle PRS is
and a. 5 b. 3 3
Statement-II: If line L1 is a diameter of circle C , then line is
c. 3 2 d. 2 3
not a chord of circle C. [JEE 2008 P -II]
47. The radius of the incircle of the triangle PQR is
a. Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II is
a. 4 b. 3 c. 8 / 3 d. 2
a correct explanation for statement-I
48. Equation of the circle with AB as its diameter is
b. Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II is
not a correct explanation for statement-I. a. x 2 + y 2 − 12 x + 24 = 0
c. Statement-I is True, statement-II is False b. x 2 + y 2 + 12 x + 24 = 0
d. Statement-I is False, statement-II is True c. x 2 + y 2 + 24 x − 12 = 0
d. x 2 + y 2 − 24 x − 12 = 0
Paragraph
Paragraph for Question No. 42 to 44 Paragraph for Question No. 49 to 50
Let ABCD be a square of side length 2 units, C2 is the circle A tangent PT is drawn to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 at the point
through vertices, A, B, C, D and C1 is the circle touching all the P 3, 1. A straight line L, perpendicular to PT is a tangent to
sides of the square ABCD. L is a line through A. the circle ( x − 3) 2 + y 2 = 1 [JEE 2012 P-II]

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258 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
49. A common tangent of the two circles is 56. Let n ≥ 2 be an integer. Take n distinct points on a circle
a. x = 4 b. y = 2 and join each pair of points by a line segment. Colour the
line segment joining every pair of adjacent points by blue
c. x + 3 y = 4 d. x + 2 2 y = 6
and the rest by red. If the number of red and blue line
50. A possible equation of L is segments are equal, then the value of n is
a. x − 3 y = 1 b. x + 3 y = 1 [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]

c. x − 3 y = 1 d. x + 3 y = 5 57. For many values of p, the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 4y − p = 0

and the coordinate axes have exactly three common
Paragraph for Question No. 51 points? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
Let S be the circle in the xy-plane defined by the equation 58. Let P be a matrix of order 3 × 3 such that all the entries in P
are from the set {–1, 0, 1}. Then, the maximum possible
x2 + y2 = 4. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
value of the determinant of P is ___. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
51. Let P be a point on the circle S with both coordinates 59. Let the point B be the reflection of the point A(2, 3) with
being positive. Let the tangent to S at P intersect the respect to the line 8x − 6 y − 23 = 0. Let TA and TB be circles
coordinate axes at the points M and N. Then, the
of radii 2 and 1 with centres A and B respectively. Let T
mid-point of the line segment MN must lie on the curve
be a common tangent to the circles TA and TB such that
a. ( x + y) = 3xy b. x + y = 2
2 2/ 3 2/ 3 4/ 3
both the circles are on the same side of T. If C is the point
c. x + y = 2 xy
2 2
d. x + y = x y
2 2 2 2 of intersection of T and the line passing through A and B,
then the length of the line segment AC is
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
Integer & Subjective

ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

52. Circles with radii 3, 4 and 5 touch each other externally if
P is the point of intersection of tangents to these circles at 1. (b)
(0, 2r) C (α, 2r)
their points of contact. Find the distance of P from the
points of contact. [JEE 2005]
(r, r)
53. If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the
circle z −1 = 2 is 2 + 3 i. Find the other vertices of A
(0, 0)
B (2α, 0)

square [JEE 2005] 1

18 = (3α )(2r ) ⇒ α r = 6
2
54. The centres of two circles C1 and C2 each of unit radius
2r
are at a distance of 6 units from each other. Let P be the Line y = − ( x − 2α ) is tangent to
α
mid-point of the line segment joining the centres of C1 ( x − r ) + ( y − r )2 = r 2
2

and C2 and C be a circle touching circles C1 and C2 2α = 3r and α r = 6

externally. If a common tangent to C1 and C passing ⇒ r=2
through P is also a common tangent to C2 and C, then the 2. (b) ( ax 2 + by 2 + c ) ( x 2 − 5 xy + 6 y 2 ) = 0
radius of the circle C is [JEE 2009 P-II] ⇒ ax 2 + by 2 + c = 0 or x 2 − 5 xy + 6 y 2 = 0
 c
55. The straight line 2x − 3y = 1 divides the circular region ⇒ x + y = −
2 2
 if a = b, x − 2 y = 0 and x − 3 y = 0
 a
 3   5 3   1 1   1 1the 
x 2 + y 2 ≤ 6 into two parts. If S =  2,  ,  ,  ,  , − Hence
,  ,   ,given equation represents two straight lines and a
 4   2 4   4 4 circle,
 8 4when
  a = b and c is of sign opposite to that of a.
1 1 1 1
 , −  ,  ,  , then the number of point(s) in S lying 3. (b) The centre of the circle is C (3, 2). Since CA and CB
4 4 8 4 are perpendicular to PA and PB , CP is the diameter of
inside the smaller part is [JEE 2011 P-II]
the circumcircle of triangle PAB. Its equation is

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Circles and Systems of Circles 259
( x − 3) ( x − 1) + ( y − 2) ( y − 8) = 0 or 4 + k + 4k + 4 = k
2 2

x + y − 4 x − 10 y + 19 = 0
2 2
4 k = −8
k = −2
4. (d) Circle touching y-axis at (0, 2) is
(x − 0) 2 + (y − 2) 2 + λ x = 0 Circle is ( x − 3)2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 4

passes through (–1, 0) Obviously (5, –2) satisfy

∴ 1+ 4 − λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 5 8. (a)
y
∴ x 2 + y 2 + 5x − 4y + 4 = 0
(0, 3) ( 7 ,0)
Put y = 0 ⇒ x = −1, − 4
x
∴ Circle passes through (–4, 0) (−4, 0) (4, 0) (0, 3)
 4α − 20  (− 7 , 0)
5. (a) α x +  y =9 (0, − 3)
 5 
5α x + (4α − 20) y = 45 . . .(i) Co-ordinate of Foci are (ae, 0); (−ae, 0)
hx + ky = h + k 2 2
. . .(ii) 9
e = 1−
5α 4α − 20 45 16
= = 2
h k h + k2 7
9h ⇒ e=
α= 2 2 . . .(iii) 4
h +k Co-ordinate of Foci are
45k ( 7 , 0); ( − 7 , 0)
4α − 20 = 2 . . .(iv)
h + k2
From (iii) and (iv)
R = 7+9 = 4
x 2 + y2 = 9
4(9h) 45k ( x − 0)2 + ( y − 3)2 = 42
− 20 = 2
h2 + k 2 h + k2 P(h, k)
x 2 + y 2 − 6 y + 9 = 16
36h 45k 4x − 5y = 20
− 20 = 2  4α − 20 
∴ x2 + y2 − 6 y − 7 = 0
h2 + k 2 h + k2 Q α , 
 5 
36h − 20( h 2 + k 2 ) = 45k 9. (b) x = a + b
y = ab x 2 − c 2 = y
36 x − 20( x 2 + y 2 ) = 45 y
a2 + b2 − c2 1
20( x 2 + y 2 ) − 36 x + 45 y = 0 ⇒ = − = cos(120°)
2ab 2
6. (a,c) Equation of circle can be written as 2π
⇒ ∠C =
( x − 3) 2 + y 2 + λ ( y ) = 0 3
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + λ y + 9 = 0. abc ∆
⇒ R= , r=
Now, (radius)2 = 7 + 9 = 16 4∆ s
2
λ2 1  2π 
⇒ 9+ − 9 = 16 4  ab sin  
4∆ 2
 3 
= 
4 r 2
⇒ =
R s(abc) x+c
⇒ λ 2 = 64 ⇒ λ = ±8 ⋅ y ⋅c
2
∴ Equation is x2 + y2 − 6x ± 8 y + 9 = 0
⇒ r 3y
= .
7. (c) Let centre C (3, k ) R 2c ( x + c )

As touches X-axis 10. (d) Equation of C is

(3, 0)
⇒ r=k ( x − 1) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 1 . . .(i)
So, circle is ( x − 3) + ( y − k ) = k
2 2 2
Also let (0, y ) ≡ (0, k ) then equation of T is
(1, – 2)
Given it passes (1, – 7) x2 + ( y − k )2 = k 2 . . .(ii)
4 + (k + 2) = k 2 2
From the figure and equations (i) and (ii) we get

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260 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

(1 + k ) 2 = 12 + (1 − k ) 2 ⇒ k =
1 14. (b,c) Let the family of circles be x 2 + y 2 − αx − αy + c = 0
4
On differentiation 2 x + 2 yy ′ − α − αy ′ = 0
1
Hence radius of T is . Again on differentiation and substituting ' α' we get
4
11. (b,c) Given circles  2 x + 2 yy ′ 
2 x + 2 y ′2 + 2 yy ′′ −   y ′′ = 0
x + y − 2 x − 15 = 0
2 2
 1 + y′ 
x2 + y2 −1 = 0 ⇒ ( y − x) y ′′ + y ′(1 + y ′ + y ′2 ) + 1 = 0
Radical axis x + 7 = 0 . . .(i) 15. (d) Parabola
Centre of circle lies on (i) Property: distance from a fixed point and fixed line is equal
Let the centre be ( −7, k )
Let equation be x 2 + y 2 + 14 x − 2 ky + c = 0
Orthogonallity gives
( h, k )
−14 = c − 15 ⇒ c = 1 . . .(ii)
(0,1) → 1 − 2k + 1 = 0 ⇒ k = 1
16. (b) r1 = 4 + 9 + 12 = 5
Hence radius = 7 2 + k 2 − c = 49 + 1 − 1 = 7
Alternate solution
Given circles x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 15 = 0 (–3, 2)
R
x2 + y2 −1 = 0 5 2
5 5
(2, –3)
Let equation of circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
Circle passes through (0, 1) ⇒ R = 25 + 50 = 5 3
⇒ 1+ 2 f + c = 0 17. (a,c)
Applying condition of orthogonality Parallel to RS line
−2 g = c − 15, 0 = c − 1
 1 − cosθ  P (cos θ , sin θ )
y = 
⇒ c = 1, g = 7, f = −1  sin θ   1 − cos θ 
Q 1, 
E  sin θ 
r = 49 + 1 − 1 = 7; centre ( −7,1)
R (–1,0) S (1,0)
12. (c) (2 x − 3 y + 4) + k ( x − 2 y + 3) = 0 is family of lines
passing through (1, 2). By congruency of triangles, we can
prove that mirror image ( h , k ) and the point (2, 3) will be y = (tan θ ) x
equidistant from (1, 2)  1 − cos θ 
∴ ( h , k ) lies on a circle of radius y= 
 sin θ 
= (2 − 1) 2 + (3 − 2) 2 = 2   1 − cos θ   1 − cos θ 
⇒ E 
 sin θ tan θ   sin θ
,
   
13. (c) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6 y − 12 = 0
⇒  tan(θ / 2) θ
∴ C1 = (2,3) and E
 tan θ
, tan 
2
θ
r1 = 4 + 9 + 12 = 5 Let h = tan(θ / 2) and k = tan
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 18 y + 26 = 0 tan θ 2
k
∴ C2 = ( −3, − 9) and ∴ h=
tan θ
r2 = (5) 2 + (12) 2 = 13 θ k
∴ tan =
2 h
| r1 + r2 | = 8 + 5 = 13
θ
2 tan
∴ d (C1 , C2 ) = r1 + r2 ⇒ 2 =k
θ h
Number of common tangents = 3 1 − tan 2

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∴
Circles and Systems of Circles 261
 2k  k 21. (b) A(0,1)
⇒  =
 1− k
2
 h
∴ 2 xy = y(1 − y 2 ) 1
P(h,k)
a − ibt
18. (a, c, d) x + iy = O(0,0)
a 2 + b 2t 2
AP + OP + AO = 4
a
x= . . .(i) h 2 + ( k − 1) + h 2 + k 2 + 1 = 14
a + b2 t 2
2

−bt h 2 + ( k − 1) 2 + h 2 + k 2 = 3
y= 2 2 2 . . .(ii)
a +b t
h 2 + ( k − 1) 2 = 9 + h 2 + k 2 − 6 h 2 + k 2
If a = 0, b ≠ 0, x = 0 (D)
⇒ If a ≠ 0, b = 0, y = 0 ⇒ (C) −2k − 8 = −6 h2 + k 2
a −bt k + 4 = 3 h2 + k 2
a 2 + b 2t 2 = and a 2 + b 2 t 2 =
x y
k216 + 8k = 9(h2 + k2)
a − bt −ay 9h2 + 8k2 – 8k – 16 = 0
∴ = ⇒t= . . .(iii)
x y bx Locus of P is 9x2 + 8y2 – 8y – 16 = 0
 a2 y2  22. (d) y
Putting (iii) in (i) x  a 2 + b 2 × 2 2  = a ;
 b x 
A
M
 a2 y2 
x  x2 + 2 =a (0,0) P x
 x  O
B
⇒ a 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = ax
1
⇒ x2 + y 2 − × = 0
a
n n
2 P= , but < 4 ⇒ 1,2,3,4,5
 −1  1
Circle with centre  
1 2 2
 +0 −0 =
2
,0  radius 
 2a   2a  2a
n2
Length of chord AB = 2 16 −
19. (d) A( −3,5) 2
B(3,3) = 64 − 2 n 2 = ℓ ( say )
A
So, AB = 2 10 B
C For n = 1, ℓ 2 = 62
3 n = 2, ℓ 2 = 56
Now, as, AC = AB
2 n = 3, ℓ 2 = 46
3 3 5 n = 4, ℓ 2 = 32
So, radius AB = 10 = 3
4 2 2 n = 5, l2 = 14
20 (a) Equation of tangent at (1, 7) to curve x 2 = y − 6 is ∴ Required sum
= 62 + 56 + 46 + 32 + 14
1
x −1 = ( y + 7) − 6 = 210
2
2x − y + 5 = 0 ...(i) dy 2 y
23. (a) given =
Centre of circle = ( −8, −6) dx x 2
dy dx
Radius of circle = 64 + 36 − c = 100 − c ⇒ ∫ 2y = ∫ x 2
∵ Line (i) touches the circle
1 1
2 − (8) − ( −6) + 5 ⇒ ℓny = − + c
∴ = 100 − c 2 x
4 +1
passes through centre (1,1)
5 = 100 − c ⇒ c =1
⇒ c = 95 ⇒ x ℓ ny = 2(x –1)

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262 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
A − B = 90º
24. (a) A + B = 120º
b c 2 A = 210º
A = 105º
a x=axis
B = 15º
B A C
AB = AC + CB 28. (d)
(–5,4) (11,4)
(b + c ) − ( b − c )
2 2 D C

= (b + a ) 2 − (b − a ) 2 + ( a + c ) 2 − ( a − c ) 2 (3,–4)
= bc = ab + ac A B
(–5,–12) (11,–12)
1 1 1
= +
a c b R = 9 + 16 + 103 = 8 2
O A = 13
25. (b) x2 + y2 – 16x – 20y + 164 = r2 OB = 265
A(8,10) R1 = r
OC = 137
(x – 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 36
B(4, 7) R2 = 6 OD = 41
| R1 − R2 |< AB < R1 + R2 29. (b) (0,1/2)
⇒ 1 < r < 11 B
2 2
26. (d) x + y + 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 ℓ1
Equation of tangent at (1, –1)
x – y + 2(x + 1) – 3(y – 1) – 12 = 0
3x – 4y – 7 = 0 (0,0)
(1,0)
∴ Equation of circle is ℓ2

(x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 12) + λ(3x – 4y – 7) = 0 Equation of circle

It passes through (4, 0):
 1
(16 + 16 – 12) + λ(12 – 7) = 0 ( x − 1)( x − 0) + ( y − 0)  y −  = 0
 2
⇒ 20 + λ(5) = 0
y
⇒ λ = –4 ⇒ x2 + y2 − x − =0
2
∴ (x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 12) – 4(3x – 4y – 7) = 0
Equation of tangent of origin is 2 x + y = 0
or x2 + y2 – 8x + 10y + 16 = 0
2 2 4 +1 5
Radius = 16 + 25 − 16 = 5 ℓ1 + ℓ 2 = + = =
5 2 5 2 5 2

27. (b) 60º 30. (d)

C(–5,–6) P r
r r r
1
120º A
O

1 
3  r 2 ⋅ sin120º  = 27 3 In ∆APO
 2 
2
 2r 
r 2 3 27 3 2 108   + I = r
2 2
= r = = 36 2
2 2 3 3  
Radius = 25 + 36 − C = 36 r= 2
C =25 So Distance between centers = 2 r = 2

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Circles and Systems of Circles 263
31. (a) Centre of circles are opposite side of line 15m − 3m = 18 m − 5m + 6 = 0
2 2

(3 + 4 –λ) (27 + 4 – λ) < 0 m = 2,3

(l – 7) (l – 31) < 0 2≤m≤4
λ∈ (7, 31)
35. (a) As normal passes through (3, 0)
distance from S1
⇒ 0 = 3m − 2 m − m 3
3+ 4−λ
≥ 1 ⇒λ∈(–∞, 2]∪ [(12, ∞] ⇒ m 3 = m ⇒ m = 0, ± 1
5
 (m2 + m22 + m32 ) 2(m1 + m2 + m3 )   2 
distance from S2 ∴ Centroid ≡  1 ,−  =  , 0
24 + 4 − λ  3 3  3 
≥ 2 ⇒λ∈(–∞, 21]∪ [(41, ∞]
5 −2m1 + 2m2
Circum radius = = 2 units.
so λ∈[ 12, 21] 2

32. (d) Q ≡ (m22 , − 2m2 ) ≡ (1, − 2) R ≡ (m32 , − 2m3 ) ≡ (1, 2)

2 1
2 (3, 3) Area of ∆PQR = × 4 × 1 = 2 sq. units.
(1, 1) 2
QR 4
R= =
1 2sin ∠ QPR 2sin(2 tan −1 2)
area = 2 × ⋅ 4 = 2
2 4 4 5
⇒ = =
33. (c) y  −1 4  2 × 4 2
2 × sin  tan 
 1− 4  5

B 5 
∴ circum centre ≡  , 0 
P(h,k) 2 
x
A 36. (a)
(A) When two circles are intersecting they have a common
−h
Slope of AB = normal and common tangent.
k
(B) Two mutually external circles have a common normal and
Equation of AB is hx + ky = h2+ k2
common tangent.
 h2 + k 2   h 2 + k 2 
A , 0  , B  0,  (C) When one circle lies inside of other then, they have a
 h   k 
common normal but no common tangent.
AB = 2R (D) Two branches of a hyperbola have a common normal but
⇒ ( h 2 + k 2) 3 = 4 R 2h 2k 2 no common tangent.+
⇒ (x2 + y2)3 = 4R2x2y2
37. (d)
34. (b) 38. (a)
y = mx + 1
P 39. (c)
40. (a) Since the tangents are perpendicular ⇒ locus of
R perpendicular tangents to circle x 2 + y 2 = 169 is a director
Q C (3, −2)
circle having equation x 2 + y 2 = 338.
41. (c) Circle ≡ ( x + 3) 2 + ( y − 5) 2 = 4
3 3m  3 3m 
For point R, x = − ⇒ y = 1 − R  − ,1 −  Distance between L1 and L2
5 5  5 5 
3m 6
1− +2 ⇒ < radius
5 1 15 − 3m 1 13
slope of CR = =− ⇒ =−
3 m −3 − 15 m ⇒
− −3 statement (ii) is false. But statement (i) is correct.
5

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 264 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
42. (a) Let A, B, C and D be the complex numbers, Coordinates of P and Q are (1, + 2 2) and (1, − 2 2)
2, − 2, 2i and − 2i respectively. 1
Area of ∆PQR = ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ 8 = 16 2
PA + PB + PC + PD
2 2 2 2 2
⇒
QA2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2 1
Area of ∆PQS = ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ 2 = 4 2
2
| z1 − 2 |2 + | z1 − 2 |2 + | z1 − 2i |2 + | z1 − 2i |2 | z1 |2 +2
= = = Ratio of area of triangle PQS and PQR is 1 : 4.
| z2 + 2 |2 + | z2 − 2 |2 + | z 2 − 2i |2 + | z2 − 2i |2
46. (b) Equation of circumcircle of
i | + | z1 − 2i |
2 2
| z | +2 3
2
∆ PRS is ( x + 1)( x − 9) + y 2 + λ y = 0
= 1 2 =
2
2i | | z 2i | 2
| z1 | +2 4
It will pass through (1, 2 2), then −16 + 8 + λ ⋅ 2 2 = 0
43. (c) Let C be the centre of the required circle Now draw a 8
⇒ λ= =2 2
line parallel to L at a distance of r1 (radius of C1 ) from it. 2 2

P1
C1 Equation of circumcircle is x 2 + y 2 − 8 x + 2 2 y − 9 = 0
Hence its radius is 3 3.
Alternative: Let ∠ PRS = θ
C
2 2
⇒ sin θ =
L 2 3

A ⇒ PR = 6 2 = 2 R ⋅ sin θ ⇒ R = 3 3.
Now CP1 = AC ⇒ C lies on a parabola.
∆
47. (d) Radius of incircle is r = as ∆ = 16 2
44. (c) AG = 2 s
6 2+6 2+4 2 16 2
M D C ⇒ s= =8 2 ⇒ r = =2
2 8 2
T1 G
T2 48. (a) A point on hyperbola is (3secθ , 2 tan θ )
A B It lies on the circle, so 9 sec 2 θ + 4 tan 2 θ − 24 sec θ = 0
2
⇒ 13sec 2 θ − 24sec θ − 4 = 0 ⇒ secθ = 2, −
13
1 ∴ sec θ = 2 ⇒ tan θ = 3.
∴ AT1 = TG
1 = [as A is the foucs,
2
The point of intersection are A(6, 2 3) and B (6, −2 3)
T1 is the vertex and BD is the directrix of parabola]. ∴ The circle with AB as diameter is
1
Also T2T3 is latus return ∴ T2T3 = 4 × ( x − 6) 2 + y 2 = (2 3) 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 12 x + 24 = 0.
2
1 1 4 49. (d)
∴ Area of ∆ T1 T2T3 = × × =1
2 2 2
P
45. (c)
y
(3, 0)

(1,2 2)
P
(9, 0)
S (1, 0) R Tangent in slope to xx22 ++ yy22 == 4 is y = mx ± 2 1 + m2
(–3, 0) (–1, 0) O x
Similarly tangent to
Q ((xx −−3)
3)22 == 11is
is yy == mx
m x − 3 ± 1 + m2 . . .(i)
(1, − 2 2)
⇒ y = mx − 3m ± 1 + m 2 . . .(ii)

@iitjeehelps
Circles and Systems of Circles 265
(i) & (ii) identical 51. (d) Let point P (2 cos θ , 2 sin θ )
±2 1 + m 2 y
⇒ 1= M
−3m ± 1 + m2 (2cos θ , 2sin θ )
P
⇒ −3m ± 1 + m 2 = ±2 1 + m 2
x' x
Taking (+) sign O

−3m + 1 + m 2 = 2 1 + m 2
−3m = 1 + m 2
y'
Squaring 9 m 2 = 1 + m 2
Equation of tangent is x cos θ + y sin θ = 2
1
m=±  2   2 
2 2 N = ,0  M =  0, 
Taking (–) sign  cosθ   sin θ 
−3m − 1 + m 2 = +2 1 + m 2 1 1
Locus of mid-point is 2
+ = 1 i.e. x2 + y 2 = x2 y 2
x y2
−3m = 3 1 + m 2

⇒ m2 = 1+ m2
52.
(This is not possible). So put (i) A 3
5
y = mn ± 2 1 + m 2
3
B
P
1 1 5
y=± x ± 1+ 4
2 2 8 4
C
1 2×3
y=± x±
2 2 2 2
Let A, B, C be the centre of the three circles.
2 2y = ± x ± 6
Clearly the point P is the in-centre of the ∆ABC, and
Taking (+) 2 y = − x + 6
∆∆ ss((ss− aa)()(ss− bb)()(ss− cc)) ( s−− a)( s−− b)( s−− c)
⇒ x + 2 2 = 6 (only this option given) Hence r == == ==
ss ss ss
50. (a) Equation of tangent at P . 3, 1 to x 2 + y 2 = 4 is Now 2 s = 7 + 8 + 9 = 24 ⇒ s = 12
x 3+ y =4 5.4.3
Hence r = = 5
Slope of tangent is = − 3 12
1 y
So, slope of L is = z1 (2, 3)
3 53.
z3
So, equation of L (is tangent to
1 z0 (1, 0)
( x − 3) 2 + y 2 = 1 and slope = ) O x
3
1 1
y= x − 3 ± 1+ z2
z4
3 3
3 y = x − 3 ± 2 Taking (+) sign, Since centre of circle i.e. (1, 0) is also the mid-point of
3y = x − 3 + 2 diagonals of square
z1 + z2
x − 3 y = 1 . Taking (–) sign, ⇒ = z0
2
3y = x − 3 − 2 z3 − 1 ± iπ / 2
⇒ z2 = − 3 i and =e
x − 3y = 5 z1 − 1
⇒ Other vertices are z3 , z4 = (1 − 3) + i and (1 + 3) − i

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266 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
54. (8) put p = −1 , y 2 + 4 y + 1 = 0 D = 16 − 4 > 0
C1
intersect at two points to y-axis.
2 2 C2
A P α 1 From eq. (ii) D = 0 ⇒ p = −4
α
3 B
From eq. (i) x 2 + 2 x + 4 = 0 its D < 0.
R α Case (ii): if p = 0, x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 4 y = 0
put y = 0, gives x = 0, –2
C put x = 0, gives y = 0, –4
y
2 2 1 2 2
cos α = ⇒ sin α = ⇒ tan α = x
3 3 R
2 2
⇒ R= = 8 units.
tan α
55. (2)  a11 a12 a13 
58. (4) P =  a21 a22 a23 
L:2x–  a31 a32 a33 
The maximum possibility of |P| can be 6 if
a21 a22 a22 a23 a21 a23
S: x2 + y2 = ±2 = ± =± takes zero.
a31 a32 a32 a33 a31 a33
L : 2x − 3y −1
Hence, | P |≠ 6. Next possibility is 4.
S : x 2 + y2 − 6
 1 −1 −1
If L1 > 0 and S1 < 0
P =  −1 1 −1 is one such possibility.
Then point lies in the smaller part,
 1 1 1 
 3 1 1
∴  2,  and  , −  lie inside. 59. (10)
 4 4 4

56. (5) Number of red lines = n C2 − n 5

C A
Number of blue lines = n B L (2,3)
Hence, n
C2 − n = n
n(n − 1) 8x – 6y – 23= 0
n
C2 = 2n = 2n n − 1 = 4 ⇒ n = 5.
2 16 − 18 − 23 5
2 2 AL = =
57. (2) Case (i): x + y + 2 x + 4 y − p = 0 10 2
put y = 0, x 2 + 2 x − p = 0 . . .(i) CB 1
=
if it touches x-axes D = 0 CA 2
⇒ p = –1 CA − 5 1
=
CA 2
put x = 0, y 2 + 4 y − p = 0 . . .(ii)
CA = 10

  

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 Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse,
Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 267

21 Hyperbola)
QUICK LOOK Standard Equation of a Parabola and its Parts
L
Q
Intersection of a Right Circular Cone and a Plane

The curve/lines of intersection of a right circular cone and a
V S (a, 0)
plane is a conic section. Conic sections are of different N (0, 0) Axis
varieties for different orientation of the plane.

The intersection of a right circular cone and a plane passing Q′
M
through the axis of the cone is a pair of lines. Figure 21.2

The intersection of a right circular cone and a plane
The standard equation of a parabola is y 2 = 4 ax for which
perpendicular to the axis of the cone is a circle.

The intersection of a right circular cone and a plane parallel vertex V = (0,0), focus S = (a,0)
to a generator of the cone is parabola.
the equation of the directrix LM is x + a = 0 and that of the

The intersection of a right circular cone and a plane cutting
axis (or axis of symmetry) Vs of the parabola is y = 0.
 π
the axis at an angle α  0 < α <  is an ellipse.
latus rectum QSQ ' = 4a ( = 4VS ).
 2

The intersection of a right circular cone and a plane parallel
VS = VN = a.
to the axis of the cone is hyperbola. Location of a Point in Relation to a Parabola
S ≡ y 2 − 4ax = 0
Conic Section as a Locus of a Point
L P
Exterior interior

M Figure 21.3
Figure 21.1
If S ≡ y − 4 ax = 0 be a parabola and P( x1 , y1 ) be a point then
2

If a point moves in a plane such that its distances from a fixed

P is in the interior of the parabola if S1 < 0, i.e.,
point and a fixed line always bear a constant ratio l then the
locus of a point is a conic section of the eccentricity e (focus- y12 − 4 ax1 < 0.
directrix property). The fixed point is the focus and the fixed
P is on the parabola if S1 = 0, i.e., y12 − 4 ax1 = 0.
line is the directrix.

P is in the exterior of the parabola if S1 > 0 i.e.,

If e –1, it is a parabola.

If e <1, 1 it is an ellipse. y12 − 4 ax1 > 0.

If e >1, it is a hyperbola.
Condition for General Equation of the Second Degree to
Equation of Conic Section by Focus-Directrix Property Represent a Parabola

If the focus is (α , β ) and the directrix is ax + by + c = 0 The equation ax 2 + 2 hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 represents a
then the equation of the conic section whose eccentricity parabola if h 2 = ab, i.e., the second degree terms form a
( ax + by + c ) 2
= e, is ( x − α ) 2 + ( y − β ) 2 = e 2 ⋅ perfect square provided ∆ ≡ abc + 2 fgh − af 2 − bg 2 − ch 2 ≠ 0
a 2 + b2

If the focus is (α , β ) and the directrix is ax + by + c = 0
Reduction of Equation of a Parabola into Standard Form:
then the equation of the parabola is (x – β)2 + (y – β )2
The equation ( y − β ) 2 = 4 a ( x − α ) can be reduced to the
(ax + by + c)2
)2 + ( − ) 2 = standard form by the transformations x − α = X , y − β = γ .
a 2 + b2

@iitjeehelps
268 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
The equation becomes γ = 4 aX , which is the standard form in
2
−1
y − y1 = ⋅ ( x − x1 )
X , γ coordinates. ( y − β ) = 4 a ( x − α ) is the form of equation
2  dy 
 
of a parabola whose axis of symmetry is parallel to the x-axis.  dx  x1 , y1
The equation ( ax + by + c ) 2 = bx − ay + c ' can be reduced to the
Chord of Contact, Polar Line, Pole: Let the equation of a
standard form by the transformations
parabola by y 2 − 4 ax = 0
ax + by + c bx − ay + c ′
=γ, =X
The chord of contact of tangents from the exterior point
a +b
2 2
b2 + a2
P( x1 , y1 ) to the parabola is T ≡ yy1 − 2a( x + x1 ) = 0

The polar line of the point P( x1 , y1 ) with respect to the
Note
The lines ax + by + c = 0 and bx − ay + c ' = 0 are perpendicular parabola is T ≡ yy1 − 2a( x + x1 ) = 0

1
The pole of a line L = 0 with respect to the parabola is the

to each other. The equation becomes γ 2 = X which is
point ( x1 , y1 ) whose polar is the line L = 0.
a 2 + b2
the standard form in X , γ coordinates.
Chord with Given Middle Point: The equation of a chord of a
second degree curve S = 0 whose middle point is ( x1 , y1 ) is
Parametric Equations of a Parabola
S1 = T . So, for the parabola y 2 − 4 ax = 0 it is

x = at 2 , y = 2 at are the parametric equations of a parabola.

Any point on the parabola y 2 = 4 ax has the coordinates y12 − 4 ax1 = yy1 − 2 a ( x + x1 )

 a −2a   a 2a  Diameter of a Parabola: The locus of the middle points of

( at 2 , 2 at ) or  2
,  or  2 , .
m m  m m  parallel chords of a parabola is a line which is called a diameter
of the parabola.
Tangents and Normal’s: Let the equation of a parabola be
y 2 = 4 ax. Standard Equation of an Ellipse
Z Y Z′

The equation of the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) to the parabola is K L
yy1 = 2a( x + x1 )
M A A′ X

The equation of the tangent at ( at 2 , 2 at ) is ty = x + at 2 S O S′ M′

 a 2a  a

The equation of the tangent at  2 ,  is y = mx + K′ B′ L′
m m  m
Figure 21.4
a

The line y = mx + c touches the parabola if c = and so
m x2 y 2
The standard equation of an ellipse is + = 1 for which
a a 2 b2
any tangent to the parabola can be taken as y = mx +
m
centre O = (0,0)
x − x1 y − y1
focus S , S ' = (± a,0)

The equation of the normal at ( x1 , y1 ) is = .
−2a y1
the equation of the major axis AA ' is y = 0 the length of
2

The equation of the normal at ( at , 2 at ) is the major axis = AA ' = 2a
y + tx = 2 at + at , S ≡ ax + 2 hxy + by +2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
3 2 2

the equation of the minor axis BB ' is x = 0 the length of
be a parabola. the minor axis = BB ' = 2b

The equation of the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is
the relation between semimajor axis a, semiminor axis b
 dy  and eccentricity e is b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 ), e < 1
y − y1 =   ⋅ ( x − x1 ), i.e.,
 dx  x1 , y1 a

the equation of directrices are x ± =0
axx1 + h( xy1 + x1 y ) + byy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c = 0 e

The equation of the normal at ( x1 , y1 ) is 2b 2

latus rectum LL ' (or KK ' ) = .
a
@iitjeehelps
Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 269
Standard Equation of a Hyperbola X2
Y 2

K Z′ Y Z L the equation changes in the standard form 2

± 2 =1
a b
x2 y 2
M′ S
In case of the ellipse + = 1, a > b.
A′ O M A X
a 2 b2
S′
( x − α )2 ( y − β )2
If the equation of the ellipse is + = 1 then
b2 a2
K′ B′ L′
Figure 21.5 we substitute y = β + X , x = α + Y
The standard equation of a hyperbola is for which
If the equation of the curve is

centre O = (0,0) (lx + my + n) (mx + ly + p)
2 2
± = 1 where 1x + my + n = 0

focus, S , S ' = (± ae,0) a2 b2

vertices A, A ' = (± a,0) and mx −1y + p = 0 are perpendicular lines then we

the equation of the transverse axis A ' A is y = 0 lx + my + n mx − ly + p

substitute = X, =Y
the length of the transverse axis = A ' A = 2a l +m
2 2
l 2 + m2

the equation of the conjugate axis B ' B is x = 0 to put the equation in the standard form.

the length of the conjugate axis = BB ' = 2b
Location of a Point

the relation between semitransverse axis, a semiconjugate interior
axis b and eccentricity e is
b 2 = a 2 (e 2 − 1), e > 1 exterior exterior

a

the equation of directrices are x ± =0
e
Figure 21.6
2b 2

latus rectum LL ' (or KK ' ) . x y2 2
a (i) If the ellipse is S ≡
+ 2 − 1 = 0 and P = ( x1 , y1 ) then
a b
Note
P is in the interior of the ellipse if S ( x1 , y1 ), i.e.,
Comparing the results for ellipses and hyperbolas we find that x12 y12
+ −1 < 0
for coordinates, lengths or equations results are the same, only a 2 b2
difference being in the relation between a, b, e( −b2 takes place
P is on the ellipse if S ( x1 , y1 ) = 0
of b2 )
P is in the exterior of the ellipse if S ( x1 , y1 ) > 0.
x2 y 2
Equation of Ellipse/Hyperbola when One Directrix and the (ii) If the hyperbola is S ≡ − − 1 = 0 and P = ( x1 , y1 ) then
a 2 b2
Corresponding Focus are Given: If a directrix has the

P is in the interior of the hyperbola if S ( x1 , y1 ) < 0
equation ax + by + c = 0 and the corresponding focus is (α , β )

P is on the hyperbola if S ( x1 , y1 ) = 0
then the equation of the ellipse/hyperbola is
2
P is in the exterior of the hyperbola if S ( x1 , y1 ) > 0
 ax + by + c 
( x − α ) + ( y − β ) = e ⋅
2 2 2
 Condition for the General Equation of the Second Degree in
 a +b 
2 2
x, y to Represent an Ellipse/Hyperbola
e being given eccentricity of the ellipse/hyperbola.
The equation ax 2 + 2 hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 represents

an ellipse if h 2 − ab < 0, ∆ ≠ 0 and it is not a circle.
Transformation into Standard Form

a hyperbola if h 2 − ab > 0, ∆ ≠ 0
( x − α )2 ( y − β )2

If the equation of the curve is ± = 1 then
a rectangular (or equilateral) hyperbola {in a rectangular
a2 b2
by taking the equations of transformation hyperbola, transverse axis = conjugate axis} if h2 − ab > 0
x = α + X, y = β +Y and a + b = 0, ∆ ≠ 0.

@iitjeehelps
270 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Standard Equation of a Rectangular Hyperbola: The
if c2 = a2 m2 + b2 . So, the line y = mx ± a 2 m2 + b2 touches
standard equation of a rectangular hyperbola is
the ellipse for all real m.

x 2 − y 2 = a 2 whose eccentricity e = 2 , the transverse axis
x2 y 2
and conjugate axis being the x and y axes respectively.
The line y = mx + c touches the hyperbola − =1
a 2 b2

xy = c 2 when the bisectors of the angles between the
if c2 = a2 m2 − b2 .
transverse and conjugate axes are taken as x and y axes.
So, the line y = mx ± a 2 m2 − b 2 touches the hyperbola for
Coordinates of any Point on an Ellipse/Hyperbola all real m.
2 2
x y

Any point on the ellipse + 2 = 1 has the coordinates
2
a b Equation of Normal: The equation of the normal at ( x1 , y1 ) to
(a cos φ , b sin φ ) where f is a parameter (called the eccentric −1
a curve is y − y1 = ·( x − x1 ).
angle of the point).  dy 
 
 dx  x1 , y1
x2 y 2

Any point on the hyperbola − = 1 has the coordinates
a 2 b2 x2 y 2

For the ellipse + = 1, the equation of the normal at
(a sec φ , b tan φ ). a 2 b2

Any point on the rectangular hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = a 2 has x − x1 y − y1
( x1 , y1 ) is = and that at (a cos φ , b sin φ ) is
x1 / a 2 y1 / b 2
the coordinates (a sec φ , b tan φ ).
ax sec φ − by cosec φ = a 2 − b 2 .

Any point on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c 2 has the
x2 y 2
 c
For the hyperbola − = 1, the equation of the normal
coordinates  ct ,  . a 2 b2
 t
x − x1 y − y1
at ( x1 , y1 ) is = and that at (a sec φ , b tan φ )
x1 / a 2 − y1 / b 2
Equation of the Chord Joining two Points of an Ellipse: The
is ax cos φ + by cot φ = a 2 + b 2 .
x2 y 2
equation of the chord of the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 joining the
a b
points 'φ1 ' and 'φ2 ' is Chord of Contact, Polar line, Pole

The chord of contact of tangents from ( x1 , y1 ) to the curve
x φ +φ y φ +φ φ −φ
cos 1 2 + sin 1 2 = cos 1 2 .
a 2 b 2 2 x2 y 2 xx yy
2
± 2 = 1 is 21 ± 21 = 1.
a b a b
Equation of Tangent and Condition of Tangency
The polar of the point ( x1 , y1 ) with respect to the curve

The equation of the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) to the curve x2 y 2 xx yy
2
± 2 = 1 is 21 ± 21 = 1.
x2 y 2 xx yy a b a b
± = 1 is 21 ± 21 = 1
a 2 b2 a b
The pole of the line L = 0 with respect to the ellipse or hyper-

The equation of the tangent at (a cos φ , b sin φ ) to the ellipse bola S = 0 is the point ( x1 , y1 ) whose polar is the line L = 0.

x2 y 2 x cos φ y sin φ
+ = 1 is + =1 Equation of Chords and the Pair of Tangents from a Point
a 2 b2 a b

The equation of the tangent at (a sec φ , b tan φ ) to the x2 y 2

The equation of the chord of S ≡ + − 1 = 0 whose
a 2 b2
x2 y 2 x sec φ y tan φ
hyperbola − = 1 is − =1 middle point is ( x1 , y1 ) is T = S1 where
a 2 b2 a b
xx
xx11 yyyy xx
xx yy yy
x2 y 2 TT == ±± 2121 −−1,1, SS1 ≡≡ 2121 ±± 2121 −−11

The line y = mx + c touches the ellipse + =1 aa22
bb aa bb
a 2 b2
@iitjeehelps
Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 271

The equation of the pair of tangents from ( x1 , y1 ) to the Multiple Choice Questions

x2 y 2 One and More than One Correct

curve ± = 1 is S ⋅ S1 = T 2
a 2 b2 1. The equations of the common tangents to the parabola
2 2 y = x 2 and y = – (x – 2)2 is/are [JEE 2006]
where S ≡ x 2 ± y2 − 1,
a b a. y = 4( x − 1) b. y = 0
x12 y12 xx yy c. y = −4( x − 1) d. y = −30 x − 50
S1 ≡ 2
± 2 − 1, T = 21 ± 21 − 1.
a b a b
2. If a hyperbola passes through the focus of the ellipse
x2 y2
Some Properties of Ellipse + = 1 and its transverse and conjugate axes coincide
25 16
Q P
with the major and minor axes of the ellipse, and the
product of eccentricities is 1, then [JEE 2006]
O
x2 y 2
P′ Q′ a. the equation of hyperbola is − =1
9 16
Figure 21.7 x2 y 2
b. the equation of hyperbola is − =1

If S, S’ are foci, major axis is = 2a then for any point P on 9 25
the ellipse, SP + S ' P = 2a. A chord PP ' passing through c. focus of hyperbola is (5, 0)
the centre O is a diameter of the ellipse. Two diameters d. focus of hyperbola is (5 3, 0)
PP ' and QQ ' are conjugate diameters if chords parallel to
3. The axis of a parabola is along the line y = x and the distance
PP ' are bisected by QQ ' and chord parallel to QQ ' are
of its vertex form origin is 2 and that form its focus is 2 2.
bisected by PP '. If vertex and focus both lie in the first quadrant, then the

If the eccentric angle of P is φ then the other end P ' of the equation of the parabola is [JEE 2006]
diameter PP ' will have the eccentric angle π + φ and the a. ( x + y) 2 = ( x − y − 2) b. ( x − y)2 = ( x + y − 2)
ends of the conjugate diameter have the eccentric angles c. ( x − y)2 = 4( x + y − 2) d. ( x − y)2 = 8( x + y − 2)
π
φ± . 4. A hyperbola, having the transverse axis of length 2 sin θ ,
2
is confocal with the ellipse 3 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 12. Then its

Two diameters y = m1 x, y = m2 x are conjugate diameters of
equation is [JEE 2007 P-I]
x2 y 2 b2 a. x cosec θ − y sec θ = 1 b. x sec θ − y 2 cosec 2θ = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
+ 2 = 1 if m1m2 = − 2 .
a b a
c. x 2 sin 2 θ − y 2 cos 2 θ = 1 d. x 2 cos 2 θ − y 2 sin 2 θ = 1

Some Properties of Hyperbola 5. Consider the two curves C1 : y 2 4 x , C2 : x 2 + y 2 −

If S , S ' are foci, transverse axis = 2a then for any point P 6 x + 1 = 0. Then, [JEE 2008 P-I]
on the hyperbola, | SP − S ' P |= 2a. a. C1 and C2 touch each other only at one point
b. C1 and C2 touch each other exactly at two point
x2 y 2 c. C1 and C2 intersect (but do not touch) at exactly two

The hyperbola − = −1 is the conjugate hyperbola of
a 2 b2 points
x2 y 2 d. C1 and C2 neither intersect nor touch each other
the hyperbola − = 1.
a 2 b2 6. Let P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2), y1<0, y2 < 0, be the end points
x2 y2 of the latus rectum f the ellipse x2+ 4y2 = 4. The equations

The asymptotes of the hyperbola − = 1 are the lines of parabolas with latus rectum PQ are [JEE 2008 P-I]
a 2 b2
a. x 2 + 2 3 y = 3 + 3 b. x 2 − 2 3 y = 3 + 3
x2 y 2
− = 0.
a 2 b2 c. x + 2 3 y = 3 − 3 d. x − 2 3 y = 3 − 3
2 2

@iitjeehelps
272 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
7. Consider a branch of the hyperbola x2 y 2
13. Let the eccentricity of the hyperbola − = 1 be
x 2 − 2 y 2 − 2 2 x − 4 2 y − 6 = 0 with vertex at the point a 2 b2
A. Let B be one of the end points of its latus rectum. If C reciprocal to that of the ellipse x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4. If the
is the focus of the hyperbola nearest to the point A, then hyperbola passes through a focus of the ellipse, then
the area of the triangle ABC is [JEE 2008 P-II] [JEE 2011 P-I]

a. 1 −
2 3 2 3 x 2 y2
b. −1 c. 1 + d. +1 a. the equation of the hyperbola − =1
3 2 3 2 3 2
8. The line passing through the extremity A of the major b. a focus of the hyperbola is (2, 0)
axis and extremity B of the minor axis of the ellipse
5
c. the eccentricity of the hyperbola is
x2 + 9 y2 = 9 meets its auxiliary circle at the point M. 3
Then the area of the triangle with vertices at A, M and the d. the equation of the hyperbola is x 2 − 3 y 2 = 3
origin O is [JEE 2009 P-I]
14. Let (x, y) be any point on the parabola y 2 = 4x. Let P be the
31 29
a. b. point that divides the line segment from (0,0) to (x,y) in the
10 10
ratio 1: 3. Then the locus of P is [JEE 2011 P-II]
21 27
c. d. a. x = y
2
b. y = 2x
2
c. y = x
2
d. x2 = 2y
10 10
9. The locus of the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the x 2 y2
lines (1 + p)x − py + p (1 + p) = 0,(1 + q)x − gy + q(1 + q) = 0 15. Let P(6, 3) be a point on the hyperbola − = 1. If the
a 2 b2
and y = 0, where p ≠ q, is [JEE 2009 P-II] normal at the point P intersects the x-axis at (9, 0) then the
a. a hyperbola b. a parabola eccentricity of the hyperbola is [JEE 2011 P-II]
c. an ellipse d. a straight line 5 3
a. b. c. 2 d. 3
10. The tangent PT and the normal PN to the parabola 2 2

y 2 = 4ax at a point P on it meet its axis at points T and N, 16. Let L be a normal to the parabola y 2 = 4x. If L passes
respectively. The locus of the centroid of the triangle PTN through the point (9, 6) then L is given by
is a parabola whose [JEE 2009 P-II] [JEE 2011 P-II]
 2a  a. y − x + 3 = 0 b. y + 3x − 33 = 0
a. vertex is  ,0  b. directrix is x = 0
 3  c. y + x −15 = 0 d. y − 2x + 12 = 0
2a
c. latus rectum is d. focus is (a, 0)
3 x2 y 2
17. Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola − = 1, parallel
11. An ellipse intersects the hyperbola 2x2 − 2 y2 = 1 9 4
orthogonally. The eccentricity of the ellipse is reciprocal to the straight lien 2x – y =1. The points of contact of the
of that of the hyperbola. If the axes of the ellipse are along tangents on the hyperbola are: [JEE 2012 P-I]
the coordinates axes, then [JEE 2009 P-II] a.  9 , 1  b.  − 9 , 1 
a. equation of ellipse is x + 2y = 2
2 2 2 2 2  2 2 2

b. the foci of ellipse are ( ±1, 0) c. 3 3, −2 2 d. −3 3, 2 2

c. equation of ellipse is x 2 + 2y 2 = 4
x2 y 2
18. The ellipse E1 : + = 1 is inscribed in a rectangle R
d. the foci of ellipse are (± 2,0) 9 4
whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes. Another
12. Let A and B be two distinct points on the parabola
ellipse E2 passing through the point (0, 4) circumscribes
y 2 = 4 x. If the axis of the parabola touches a circle of
the rectangle R. The eccentricity of the ellipse E2 is
radius r having AB as its diameter, then the slope of the [JEE 2012 P-I]
line joining A and B can be [JEE 2010 P-I]
2 3 1 3
1 1 2 2 a. b. c. d.
a. − b. c. d. − 2 2 2 4
r r r π

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Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 273
19. The common tangents to the circle x + y = 2 and the 2 2 E1 and E1, respectively, then the correct expression(s) is
(are) [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
parabola y 2 = 8 x touch the circle at the points P, Q and
43 7
the parabola at the points R, S. Then the area of the a. e12 + e22 = b. e1e2 =
quadrilateral PQRS is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] 40 2 10
a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 15 5 3
c. | e12 − e22 | = d. e1e2 =
20. The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the 8 4
centre of the ellipse x 2 + 3 y 2 = 6 on any tangent to it is: 26. Consider the hyperbola H : x 2 − y 2 = 1 and a circle S with
[JEE Main 2014] center N ( x2 ,0). Suppose that H and S touch each other at
a. ( x − y ) = 6 x + 2 y
2 2 2 2 2
b. ( x − y 2 ) 2 = 6 x 2 − 2 y 2
2

a point P( x1 , y1 ) with x1 > 1 and y1 > 0. The common

c. ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = 6 x 2 + 2 y 2 d. ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = 6 x 2 − 2 y 2
tangent to H and S at P intersects the x-axis at point M. If
21. The slope of the line touching both the parabolas y 2 = 4 x (l , m) is the centroix of the triangle ∆PMN , then the
and x 2 = − 32 y is: [JEE Main 2014] correct expression(s) is(are): [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
dl 1
1 3 1 2 a. = 1 − 2 for x > 1
a. b. c. d. dx1 3 x1
2 2 8 3
dm x1
b. = for x1 > 1
( )
22. The area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral formed by the
dx1 3 x12 − 1
tangents at the end points of the laterarecta to the ellipse
2 2
x y dl 1
+ = 1, is [JEE Main 2015] c. = 1 + 2 for x1 > 1
9 5 dx1 3 x1
27 27 dm 1
a. b. 18 c. d. 27 d. = for y1 > 0
4 2 dy1 3
23. Let O be the vertex and Q be any point on the parabola, 27. Let P be the point on the parabola, y 2 = 8 x which is at a
x 2 = 8 y. It the point P divides the line segment OQ
minimum distance from the centre C of the circle,
internally in the ratio 1:3, then the locus of P is
x 2 + ( y + 6) 2 = 1. Then the equation of the circle, passing
[JEE Main 2015]
through C and having its centre at P is:
a. x = y
2
b. y = x
2
c. y = 2x
2
d. x2 = 2y
[JEE Main 2016]
24. Let P and Q be distinct points on the parabola y 2 = 2 x a. x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 8 y + 12 = 0 b. x 2 + y 2 − x + 4 y − 12 = 0
such that a circle with PQ as diameter passes through the x
vertex O of the parabola. If P lies in the first quadrant and c. x 2 + y 2 − + 2 y − 24 = 0 d. x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 9 y + 18 = 0
4
the area of the triangle ∆OPQ is 3 2, then which of the
28. The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose length of the
following is (are) the coordinates of P? latus rectum is equal to 8 and the length of its conjugate
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-I] axis is equal to half of the distance between its foci, is:
a. (4, 2 2 ) b. (9, 3 2 ) [JEE Main 2016]
1 1  4 4 2
c.  ,  d. (1, 2 ) a. b. c. d. 3
4 2 3 3 3

25. Let E1 and E2 be two ellipse whose centers are at the 29. The circle C1 : x 2 + y 2 = 3, with centre at O, intersects the
origin. The major axes of E1 and E2 lie along the x-axis parabola x 2 = 2 y at the point P in the first quadrant. Let
and the y-axis, respectively. Let S be the circle
the tangent to the circle C1 at P touches other two circles
x 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 2. The straight line x + y = 3 touches the
C2 and C3 at R2 and R3, respectively. Suppose C2 and C3
curves S, E1 and E2 at P, Q and R, respectively. Suppose
have equal radii 2 3 and centres Q2 and Q3, respectively.
2 2 If Q2 and Q3 lie on the y-axis, then
that PQ = PR = . If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of
3 [JEE Adv. 2016 P-I]
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274 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
a. Q2 Q3 = 12 a. p = 2, h = 3, k = −4 b. p = 5, h = 4, k = −3
b. R2 R3 = 4 6 c. p = −1, h = 1, k = −3 d. p = −2, h = 2, k = −4
c. area of the triangle OR2 R3 is 6 2 36. Consider two straight lines, each of which is tangent to
1
both the circle x + y = and the parabola y 2 = 4 x. Let
2 2
d. area of the triangle PQ2Q3 is 4 2
2
30. Let P be the point on the parabola y 2 = 4 x which is at the these lines intersect at the point Q. Consider the ellipse
shortest distance from the center S of the circle whose center is at the origin O(0,0) and whose semi-major
axis is OQ. If the length of the minor axis of this ellipse is
x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 16 y + 64 = 0. Let Q be the point on the
2 then which of the following statement(s) is (are)
circle dividing the line segment SP internally. Then
True? [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
[JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
1
a. SP = 2 5 b. SQ : QP = ( 5 + 1) : 2 a. For the ellipse, the eccentricity is and the length of
2
c. the x-intercept of the normal to the parabola at P is 6
the latus rectum is 1
1
d. the slope of the tangent to the circle at Q is 1
2 b. For the ellipse, the eccentricity is and the length of
2
31. The radius of circle, having minimum area, which touches
1
the curve y = 4 − x 2 and the lines, y =| x | is the latus rectum is
2
[JEE Main 2017] c. The area of the region bounded by the ellipse between
a. 4( 2 − 1) b. 4( 2 + 1) c. 2( 2 + 1) d. 2( 2 − 1) 1 1
the lines x = and x = 1 is (π − 2)
2 4 2
32. The eccentricity of an ellipse whose centre is at the origin d. The area of the region bounded by the ellipse between
1 1 1
is . If one of its directrices is x = −4, then the equation the lines x = and x = 1 (π − 2)
2 2 16
of the normal to it at  1, 3  is [JEE Main 2017] 37. If the curves y 2 = 6 x , 9 x 2 + by 2 = 16 intersect each other
 2
at right angles, then the value of b is [JEE Main 2018]
a. 4 x + 2 y = 7 b. x + 2 y = 4
9 7
c. 2 y − x = 2 d. 4 x − 2 y = 1 a. b. 6 c. d. 4
2 2
38. Tangent and normal are drawn at P(16,16) on the parabola
33. A hyperbola passes through the point P ( 2, 3) and has
y 2 = 16 x , which intersect the axis of the parabola at A and
foci at (±2, 0). Then the tangent to this hyperbola at P
B, respectively. If C is the centre of the circle through the
also passes through the point [JEE Main 2017]
points P,A and B and ∠CPB = θ , then a value of tan θ is
a. ( 3, 2) b. (− 2, − 3)
[JEE Main 2018]
c. (3 2, 2 3) d. (2 2, 3 3) 4 1
a. b. c. 2 d. 3
3 2
x 2 y2
34. If 2x − y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to the hyperbola − =1, 39. If the eccentricity of the standard hyperbola passing
a 2 16
through the point (4, 6) is 2, then the equation of the
then which of the following cannot be sides of a right
tangent to the hyperbola at (4,6) is: [JEE Main-2019]
angled triangle? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]
a. 2x – y – 2 = 0 b. 3x – 2y = 0
a. 2a, 4, 1 b. a, 4, 1 c. a, 4, 2 d. 2a, 8, 1
c. 2x – 3y + 10 = 0 d. x – 2y + 8 = 0

35. If a chord, which is not a tangent, of the parabola 40. The tangent to the parabola y2 = 4x at the point where it
intersects the circle x2 + y2 = 5 in the first quadrant, passes
y2 = 16x has the equation 2x + y = p , and midpoint
through the point: [JEE Main 2019]
( h, k ) , then which of the following is(are) possible
 1 4  1 1 3 7 1 3
a.  − ,  b.  − ,  c.  ,  d.  , 
value(s) of p, h and k? [JEE Adv. 2017 P-I]  3 3  4 2  4 4  4 4

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Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 275
41. In an ellipse, with centre at the origin, if the difference of 1 
a. (1, 1, 0) b.  , 2,3 
the lengths of major axis and minor axis is 10 and one of  2 
( )
the foci is at 0,5 3 , then the length of its latus rectum 1 
c.  , 2, 0  d. (1, 1, 3)
is: [JEE Main 2019]  2 
a. 10 b. 8 c. 5 d. 6 49. The length of the chord of the parobola x2 = 4y having
equation x − 2 y + 4 2 = 0 is [JEE Main 2019]
42. Equation of a common tangent to the circle,
x 2 + y 2 − 6 x = 0 and the parabola y 2 = 4 x , is a. 2 11 b. 3 2 c. 6 3 d. 8 2
[JEE Main 2019]  y2 x2 
a. 2 3 y = 12 x + 1 b. 2 3 y = − x − 12 50. Let s =  ( x , y ) ∈ R 2 − = 1 , where r ≠ ±1. Then S
 1 + r 1 − r 
c. 3y = x + 3 d. 3 y = 3x + 1 represents. [JEE Main 2019]
43. Axis of a parabola lies along x-axis. If its vertex and focus 2
a. A hyperbola whose eccentricity is , where 0 < r < 1
are at distance 2 and 4 respectively from the origin, on the r +1
positive x-axis then which of the following point does not 1
b. An ellipse whose eccentricity is , where r > 1
lie on it? [JEE Main 2019] r +1
a. (4, –4) b. (5, 2 6 ) 2
c. A hyperbola whose eccentricity is , where 0 < r > 1
c. (8, 6) d. 6, 4 2 r +1
2
π d. An ellipse whose eccentricity is , where r > 1.
44. Let 0 < θ < . if the eccentricity of the hyperbola r +1
2
x 2
y 2 51. Equation of a common tangent to the parabola y2 = 4x and
− 2 = 1 is greater than 2 then the length of its the hyperbola xy = 2 is: [JEE Main 2019]
cos θ sin θ
2

latus rectum lies in the interval: [JEE Main 2019] a. x + 2y + 4 = 0 b. x – 2y + 4 = 0

c. x + y + 1 = 0 d. 4x + 2y + 1 = 0
a. (2,3] b. (3, ∞)
52. If tangents are drawn to the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 2 at all
c. (3/2, 2] d. (1, 3/2]
points on the ellipse other than its four vertices then the
45. Let A(4, –4) and B(9,6) be pints on the parabola, y 2 + 4 x. mid points of the tangents intercepted between the
Let C be chosen on the arc AOB of the parabola, where O coordinate axes lie on the curve: [JEE Main 2019]
is the origin, such that the area of ∆ACB is maximum. x2 y 2 x2 y2
a. + =1 b. + =1
Then the area (in sq. units) ∆ACB. [JEE Main 2019] y2 4 4 2
3 1 1 1 1 1 1
a. 31 b. 32 c. 30 d. 31 c. + =1 d. + =1
4 2 4 2x2 4 y2 4x2 2 y2

46. A hyperbola has its centre at the origin, passes through the 53. Let the length of the latus rectum of an ellipse with its
point (4, 2) and has transverse axis of length 4 along the major axis along x-axis and centre at the origin, be 8. If
x-axis. Then the eccentricity of the hyperbola is: the distance between the foci of this ellipse is equal to the
[JEE Main 2019] length of its minor axis, then which one of the following
points lies on it? [JEE Main 2019]
2 2
a. b. c. 3 d. 2
3 3 a. (4 3,2 3) b. (4 3,2 2)

47. The equation of a tangent to the hyperbola 4x2 –5y2 = 20 c. (4 2, 2 2) d. (4 2,2 3)

parallel to the line x – y = 2 is: [JEE Main 2019] 54. If the area of the triangle whose one vertex is at the vertex
a. x – y + 9 = 0 b. x – y +7 = 0 of the parabola, y2 + 4(x – a2) = 0 and the other two
c. x – y + 1 = 0 d. x – y –3 = 0 vertices are the points of intersection of the parabola and
y-axis, is 250 sq. units, then a value of 'a' is:
48. If the parabolas y2 = 4b(x – c) and y2 = 8ax have a common
[JEE Main 2019]
normal, then which one of the following is a valid choice
for the ordered triad (a,b,c) [JEE Main 2019] a. 5 5 b. (10) 2 / 3 c. 5(21/ 3 ) d. 5

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276 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
55. If a hyperbola has length of its conjugate axis equal to 5 Matrix Match / Column Match
and the distance between its foci is 13, then the
61. Match the statements in Column I with the properties
eccentricity of the hyperbola is: [JEE Main 2019]
Column II [JEE 2007 P-II]
13 13 13
a. 2 b. c. d. Column I Column II
6 8 12
(A) Two intersecting circles 1. have a common
56. A circle cuts a chord of length 4a on the x-axis and passes
tangent
through a point on the y-axis, distant 2b from the origin.
(B) Two mutually external 2. have a common
Then the locus of the centre of this circle, is:
circles normal
[JEE Main 2019]
(C) two circles, one strictly 3. do not have a
a. A hyperbola b. A parabola
inside the other common tangent
c. A straight line d. An ellipse
(D) two branches of a 4. do not have a
57. If the vertices of a hyperbola be at (–2, 0) and (2, 0) and
hyperbola common normal
one of its foci be at (–3, 0), then which one of the
a. A→ 1,2; B→ 1,2; C→ 2,3; D→ 2,3
following points does not lie on this hyperbola?
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
[JEE Main 2019]
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
a. (4, 15) b. (−6,2 10) c. (6,5 2) d. (2, 6,5)
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
58. Let P(4, –4) and Q(9, 6) be two points on the parabola,
62. Match the conics in Column I with the
y2 = 4x and let X be any point on the arc POQ of this
statements/expressions in Column II [JEE 2009 P-I]
parabola, where O is the vertex of this parabola, such that
Column I Column II
the area of ∆PXQ is maximum. Then this maximum area
(A) Circle 1. The locus of the point (h, k )
(in sq. units) is: [JEE Main 2019]
a. 125/4 b. 125/2 c. 625/4 d. 75/2 for which the line hx + ky = 1
59. Let S and S' be the foci of the ellipse and B be any one of touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4
the extremities of its minor axis. If ∆S'BS is a right angled (B) Parabola 2. Points z in the complex plane
triangle with right angle at B and area (∆S'BS) = 8 sq. satisfying | z + 2 | − | z − 2 |= ±3
units, then the length of a latus rectum of the ellipse is:
(C) Ellipse 3. Points of the conic have
[JEE Main 2019]
parametric representation
a. 2 2 b. 2
 1 − t 2  y = 2t
c. 4 d. 4 2 x= 3 2 
,
1+ t  1+ t2
2
x y2
60. Equation of ellipse E1 is + = 1, A rectangle R1 , (D) Hyperbola 4. The eccentricity of the conic
9 4
lies in the interval 1 ≤ x < ∞
whose sides are parallel to co-ordinate axes is inscribed in
E1 such that its area is maximum. Now En is an ellipse 5. Points z in the complex
satisfying
inside Rn −1 such that its axes is along co-ordinate axes and
Re( z + 1) 2 = | z |2 + 1
has maximum possible area ∀n ≥ 2, n ∈ N . Further Rn is a
a. A→ 1; B→ 4,5; C→ 3; D→ 2,4
rectangle whose sides are parallel to co-ordinate axes and
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
is inscribed in En−1, having maximum area ∀n ≥ 2, n ∈ N .
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-I] d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
m
a. ∑ area of rectangle ( Rn ) < 24∀m ∈ N 63. A line L : y = mx + 3 meets y-axis at E(0, 3) and the arc of
n−1
the parabola y 2 = 16 x , 0 ≤ y ≤ 6 at the point F ( x0 , y0 ).
1
b. Length of latus rectum of E9 = The tangent to the parabola at F ( x0 , y0 ) intersects the
6
5 y-axis at G (0, y1 ). The slope m of the line L is chosen
c. Distance between focus and centre of E9 =
32 such that the area of the triangle EFG has a local
d. The eccentricities of E18 and E19 are not equal maximum.

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 Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 277
Match Column - I with Column - II and select the correct a. A→ 4; B→ 3; C→ 2; D→ 1
answer using the code given below the lists: b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
[JEE Adv. 2013 P-II] c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
Column I Column II d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(A) m = 1
1. x2 y2
2 65. Let H : − = 1, where a > b > 0, be a hyperbola in
(B) Maximum area of 2. 4 a2 b2
∆EFG the xy-plane whose conjugate axis LM subtends an angle
(C) y0= 3. 2 of 60º at one of its vertices N. Let the area of the triangle
(D) y1= 4. 1 LMN be 4 3. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
a. A→ 4; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 3 Column I Column II
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 (A) The length of the 1. 8
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 conjugate axis of H is
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 (B) The eccentricity of H 4
2.
64. Match the following: [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] is 3
Column I Column II (C) The distance between 2
−1
(A) Let y ( x ) = cos(3cos x ), 1. 1 3.
the foci of H is 3
1], x ≠ ± 3 . Then 1
x ∈[−1,1], (D) The length of the latus 4. 4
2 y ( x) rectum of H is
 2 The correct option is:
( x − 1)
 a. A→ 4; B→ 2; C→ 1; D→ 3
b. A→ 4; B→ 3; C→ 1; D→ 2
d 2 y ( x) dy ( x ) 
2
+x  equals c. A→ 4; B→ 1; C→ 3; D→ 2
dx dx 
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(B) Let A1 , A2 ,... , An (n > 2) be the 2. 2
verticals of a regular polygon of Statement or Assertion & Reason
n sides with its centre at the 66. Given: A circle, 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 = 5 and a parabola,
origin. Let ak be the position
y 2 = 4 5 x. [JEE Main 2013]
vector of the point Ak, k
Statement-I: An equation of a common tangent to these
n−1 n −1
=1,2,…n. If ∑ (a
k =1
k × ak +1 ) = ∑ (a
k =1
k ⋅×ak +1 ) curves is y = x + 5
n−1 n −1
and
∑ (ak × ak +1 ) =
k =1
∑ (ak ⋅×ak +1 )
k =1
then the minimum
5
Statement-II: If the line, y = mx + ( m ≠ 0) is their
value of n is m

(C) If the normal from the point 3. 8 common tangent, then ‘m’ satisfies m4 − 3m2 + 2 = 0
a. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-II is
P(h,1) on the ellipse
a correct explanation for Statement-I
2 2
x y is perpendicular to
+ =1 b. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-II is
6 3
a not a correct explanation for Statement-I
the line x + y = 8, then the
c. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is false
value of h is d. Statement-I is false; Statement-II is true
(D) Number of positive solutions 4. 9 Paragraph
satisfying the equation
Paragraph for Question No. 67 to 69
 1  −1  1 
tan − 1   + tan   Let ABCD be a square of side length 2 units, C2 is the circle
 2x + 1   4x +1
 2 through vertices, A, B, C, D and C1 is the circle touching all the
= tan −1  2  is
x  sides of the square ABCD. L is a line through A.

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278 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
67. If P is a point on C1 and Q in another point on C 2 , then 74. The coordinates of A and B are
a. (3, 0) and (0, 2)
PA 2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2
is equal to [JEE 2006]  8 2 161 
QA 2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2  9 8
b.  − ,  and  − , 
a. 0.75 b. 1.25 c. 1 d. 0.5  5 15   5 5

68. A circle touches the line L and the circle C1 externally  8 2 161 
c.  − ,  and (0, 2)
such that both the circles are on the same side of the line,  5 15 
then the locus of centere of the circle is  9 8
d. (3, 0) and  − , 
a. ellipse b. hyperbola  5 5
c. parabola d. parts of straight line
75. The orthocenter of the triangle PAB is
69. A line M through A is drawn parallel to BD. Point S
 8  7 25 
moves such that its distances from the line BD and the a.  5,  b.  , 
 7 5 8 
vertex A are equal. If locus of S cuts M at T2 and T3 and
 11 8   8 7
AC at T1, then area of ∆ T1 T2 T3 is c.  ,  d.  , 
 5 5  25 5 
1 2
a. sq. unit b. sq. unit
2 3 76. The equation of the locus of the point whose distances
c. 1 sq. unit d. 2 sq. unit from the point P and the line AB are equal, is
a. 9 x 2 + y 2 − 6 xy –54 x –62 y + 241 = 0
Paragraph for Question No. 70 to 72 b. x 2 + 9 y 2 + 6 xy –54 x + 62 y – 241 = 0
Consider the circle x 2 + y 2 = 9 and the parabola y 2 = 8 x. They c. 9 x 2 + 9 y 2 –6 xy –54 x –62 y – 241 = 0
intersect at P and Q in the first and the fourth quadrants,
d. x 2 + y 2 – 2 xy + 27 x + 31 y –120 = 0
respectively. Tangents to the circle at P and Q intersect the
x-axis at R and tangents to the parabola at P and Q intersect the
Paragraph for Question No. 77 to 78
x-axis at S. [JEE 2007 P-I]
70. The ratio of the areas of the triangles PQS and PQR is Let PQ be a focal chord of the parabola y 2 = 4 ax. The tangents
a. 1 : 2 b. 1 : 2 c. 1 : 4 d. 1 : 8 to the parabola at P and Q meet at a point lying on the line
y = 2 x + a, a > 0. [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]
71. The radius of the circumcircle of the triangle PRS is
a. 5 b. 3 3 c. 3 2 d. 2 3 77. Length of chord PQ is
a. 7a b. 5a
72. The radius of the incircle of the triangle PQR is
c. 2a d. 3a
a. 4 b. 3 c. 8 / 3 d. 2
78. If chord PQ subtends an angle θ at the vertex of
Paragraph for Question No. 73 y 2 = 4 ax , then tan θ =
2 2
x y
The circle x 2 + y 2 − 8 x = 0 and hyperbola − = 1 intersect at 2 −2
9 4 a. 7 b. 7
3 3
the points A and B.
2 −2
73. Equation of a common tangent with positive slope to the c. 5 d. 5
3 3
circle as well as to the hyperbola is [JEE 2010 P-I]
a. 2 x − 5 y − 20 = 0 b. 2 x − 5 y + 4 = 0
Paragraph for Question No. 79 to 80
c. 3 x − 4 y + 8 = 0 d. 4 x − 3 y + 4 = 0 Let a, r , s, t be non-zero real numbers. Let
2 2 2
P ( at , 2 at ), Q , R ( ar , 2 ar ) and S (as , 2 as ) be distinct points
Paragraph for Question No. 74 to 76
on the parabola y = 4 ax. Suppose that PQ is the focal chord
2

x2 y2
Tangents are drawn from the point P(3, 4) to the ellipse + =1 and lines QR and PK are parallel, where K is the point
9 4
touching the ellipse at points A and B. [JEE 2010 P-II] (2a,0). [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II]

@iitjeehelps
Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 279
79. The value of r is 86. Consider the parabola y = 8x. Let ∆1 be the area of the
2

1 t +1
2
1 t −1
2
triangle formed by the end points of its latus rectum and the
a. − b. c. d.
t t t t
1 
point P  , 2  on the parabola, and ∆ 2 be the area of the
80. If st = 1, then the tangent at P and the normal at S to the 2 
parabola meet at a point whose ordinate is
triangle formed by drawing tangents at P and at the end
(t 2 + 1) 2 a (a 2 + 1) 2
a. b. ∆1
2t 3 2t 3 points of the latus rectum. Then is [JEE 2011 P-I]
∆2
a (t + 1)
2 2
a(t + 2)
2 2
c. d.
t3 t3
87. A vertical line passing through the point (h, 0) intersects the

Paragraph for Question No. 81 to 82 x2 y2

ellipse + = 1 at the points P and Q. Let the tangents to
4 3
Let F1 ( x1, 0) and F2 ( x2 , 0), for x1 < 0 and x2 > 0, be the foci of
the ellipse at P and Q meet at the point R. If ∆ (h ) = area of
2 2
the ellipse x + y = 1. Suppose a parabola having vertex at the the triangle PQR, ∆1 = max ∆(h) and ∆ 2 = min ∆ (h),
9 8 1/ 2 ≤ h ≤1 1/ 2 ≤ h ≤1

origin and focus at F2 intersects the ellipse at point M in the 8

then ∆1 − 8∆ 2 = _____ [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
first quadrant and at point N in the fourth quadrant. 5
[JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
81. The orthocentre of the triangle F1MN is 88. The slope of the tangent to the curve ( y − x ) = x(1 + x )
5 2 2 2

a.  − 9 , 0  b.  2 , 0  c.  9 , 0  d.  2 , 6  at the point (1, 3) is [JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]

 10  3   10  3 

82. If the tangents to the ellipse at M and N meet at R and the 89. Let the curve C be the mirror image of the parabola y 2 = 4 x
normal to the parabola at M meets the x-axis at Q, then the
with respect to the line x + y + 4 = 0. If A and B are the
ratio of area of the triangle MQR to area of the
quadrilateral MF1 NF2 is points of intersection of C with the line y = −5, then the
a. 3 : 4 b. 4 : 5 distance between A and B is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
c. 5 : 8 d. 2 : 3
90. If the normals of the parabola y 2 = 4 x drawn at the end

Integer & Subjective points of its latus rectum are tangents to the circle
( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = r 2 , then the value of r 2 is
83. Tangents are drawn from any point on the hyperbola
x2 y 2 [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
− = 1 to the circle x 2 − y 2 = 9. Find the locus of
9 4
mid-point of the chord of contact. [JEE 2005] x2 y2
91. Suppose that the foci of the ellipse + = 1 are
9 5
84. Find the equation of the common tangent in 1st quadrant to
( f1 , 0) and ( f 2 , 0) where f1 > 0 and f 2 < 0. Let P1 and P2
x2 y 2
the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 and the ellipse + = 1. Also
25 4 be two parabolas with a common vertex at (0, 0) and with
find the length of the intercept of the tangent between the foci at ( f1 , 0) and (2 f 2 , 0), respectively. Let T1 be a
coordinate axes. [JEE 2005]
tangent to P1 which passes through (2 f 2 , 0) and T2 be a
85. The line 2x + y = 1 is tangent to the hyperbola
tangent to P2 which passes through ( f1 , 0). The m1 is the
x2 y 2
− = 1. If this line passes through the point of slope of T1 and m2 is the slope of T2 , then the value of
a 2 b2
intersection of the nearest directrix and the x-axis, then the  1 2
 m 2 + m2  is [JEE Adv. 2015 P-II]
eccentricity of the hyperbola is [JEE 2010 P-I]  

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280 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS The circle and the parabola touch each other at x = 1 i.e.
at the points (1, 2) and (1, –2)
1. (a,b) Equation of tangent to x = y is 2

as shown in the figure.

1
y = mx − m 2 . . .(i) 6. (b,c)
4
Equation of tangent to ( x − 2) 2 = − y is
1
y = m( x − 2) + m 2 . . .(ii)
4 R
From equation (i) and (ii) are identical. Q ( x2 , y 2 ) P ( x2 , y 2 )

⇒ m = 0 or 4
∴
Common tangents are y = 0 and y = 4 x − 4. x2 y 2
+ =1
4 1
3
2. (a,c) Eccentricity of ellipse = 3
5 b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 ) ⇒ e=
5 2
Eccentricity of hyperbola = and it passes through
3  1  1
⇒ P  3, −  and Q  − 3, − 
( ± 3,0)  2   2
(given y1 and y2 less than 0). Co-ordinates of mid-points
x2 y 2
⇒ Its equation − 2 = 1 of PQ are
9 b
b2 25 x2 y 2  1
Where 1 + = ⇒ b2 = 16 − =1 R ≡  0, −  . PQ = 2 3 = length of latus rectum.
9 9 9 16  2
and its foci are ( ± 5,0) ⇒ two parabola are possible whose vertices are
 3 1  3 1
3. (d) Equation of directrix is x + y = 0.  0, − −  and  0,
 
− .

 2 2  2 2
Hence equation of the parabola is
Hence the equation of the parabola are
x+ y
= ( x − 2)2 + ( y − 2)2 x − 2 3 y = 3 + 3 and
2
2
Hence, equation of parabola is ( x − y) 2 = 8( x + y − 2) x2 + 2 3 y = 3 − 3.

x2 y 2 ( x − 2) 2 ( y + 2)2
4. (a) The given ellipse is + =1 7. (b) Hyperbola is − =1
4 3 4 2
1 3
⇒ a = 2, b = 3 ⇒ 3 = 4(1 − e 2 ) ⇒ e = So, that ae = 1 a = 2, b = 2 e =
2 2
Hence the eccentricity e1 , of the hyperbola is given by
1 b2 1 ( 3 − 2) × 2 ( 3 − 2)
Area = a(e − 1) × = =
1 = e1 sin θ 2 a 2 2 2
⇒ e1 = cosecθ ⇒ b 2 = sin 2 θ (cosec 2θ ) = cos 2 θ  3 
Area = 
Hence the hyperbola is
⇒
 2 − 1  .
 
x2 y2
+ = 1 or x 2 cosec 2θ − y 2 sec 2 θ = 1 8. (d) Equation of line AM is x + 3 y − 3 = 0
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
3
5. (b)
(1, 2)
Perpendicular distance of line from origin =
10
9 9
(3, 0) Length of AM = 2 9 − = 2×
(1, 0)
10 10
2 2 1 9 3 27
⇒ Area = × 2× × = sq. units.
(1, –2) 2 10 10 10

@iitjeehelps
Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 281
9. (d) Intersection point of y = 0 with first line is B(–p, 0) x 2
y 2
13. (b, d) Equation of ellipse + =1
Intersection point of y = 0 with second line is A(–q, 0) 4 1
Intersection point of the two lines is C(pq, (p + 1)(q + 1))
1 3
Altitude from C to AB is x = pq eccentricity of ellipse = 1 − =
4 2
q
Altitude from B to AC is y = − (x + p) 2
1+ q eccentricity of hyperbola =
3
Solving these two we get x = pq and y = −pq
Foci of ellipse (± 3, 0).
∴ locus of orthocenter is x + y = 0.
3 0
∴ − =1
10. (a, d) P (at 2 , 2at ) a 2 b2
3
=1⇒ a = 3
2
⇒
a2
T (− at 2 ,0) N (2a, at 2 ,0) a2
∴ b2 = =1
3
x 2 y2
Equation of Hyperbola: − =1
G ≡ (h, k) 3 1
2a + at 2 2at ⇒ x 2 − 3y 2 = 3
⇒ h= ,k =
3 3 Foci of hyperbola: (± 2, 0)
 3h − 2a  9k
2
⇒  = 2 14. (c) y 2 = 4x and Q will lie on it (h,k) 4h,4k
 a  4a O P Q
⇒ required parabola is ⇒ (4k ) 2 = 4 × 4h
(0,0)
9y 2 (3x − 2a) 3  2a  ⇒ k2 = h
= = x − 
4a 2 a a 3  ⇒ y 2 = x (replacing h by x and k by y)

4a  2a   2a  −a 2
⇒ y2 =  x −  Vertex ≡  ,0  ;Focus ≡ (a,0) 15. (b) Equation of normal is (y − 3) = (x − 6)
3 3  3  2b2

11. (a, b) Ellipse and hyperbola will be confocal a2

⇒ =1
⇒ (±ae,0) ≡ (±1, 0) 2b 2
3
 1  ⇒ e= .
⇒  ±a × , 0  ≡ (±1, 0) 2
 2 
1 16. (a, b, d) y 2 = 4x
⇒ a = 2 and e =
2 Equation of normal is y = mx − 2m − m 3 .
⇒ b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 ) ⇒ b 2 = 1 It passes through (9, 6)
∴ Equation of ellipse ⇒ m3 − 7m + 6 = 0
x2
y 2
⇒ m = 1, 2, − 3
+ = 1.
2 1 ⇒ y − x + 3 = 0, y + 3x − 33 = 0, y − 2x + 12 = 0.
12. (c, d) A = (t , 2t1 ), B = (t , 2t 2 )
1
1
2
2 17. (a, b) Slope of tangent = m = 2 Equation of tangent in
t2 + t2  slope form is y = mx ± a 2 m 2 − b 2 , y = 2 x ± 4 2
Centre =  1 2 ,(t1 + t2 ) 
 2   ma 2 −b 2 
and point of contact is  − , 
t1 + t2 = ± r  c c 
2(t1 − t 2 ) 2 2  2×9 4   9 1 
m= = =± . ≡ − ,−
t12 − t22 t1 + t2 r  ≡ ± ,± 
 ±4 2 ±4 2   2 2 2

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282 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

x y 2 2
22. (d) a = 3 b= 5
18. (c) Required ellipse + =1
a 2 b2 2
b 5
Given it passes (0, 4)
=
a 3
42
∴ One of the end points of a latus rectum =  2, 
5
⇒ = 1 ⇒ b = ±4 y
b2 3  
(0, 4)
Also it passes through (3, 2)
Equation of the tangent at  2,  is
5
∴
9 4  3
⇒ 2
+ 2 =1 (0, 2)
a b (3, 2)
x×2 y 5 x y
9 4
x + × =1 ⇒ + =1
⇒ + =1 (3, 0) 9 3 3 9/ 2 3
a 2 16
Area of the rhombus formed by tangents
9 4 12 3
⇒ = 1− = = 1 9
a2 16 16 4 = × × 3 × 4 = 27 sq. units
2 2
2
9× 4 a 12 1
⇒ a2 = = 12 . So, e = 1 − 2 = 1 − = 23. (d) Let Q = (4t , 2t 2 ) and O = (0, 0)
3 b 16 2
 4t 2t 2 
1  ∴ P= , 
19. (d) Area =  (1 + 4)3  × 2 = 15 4 4 
2 
(2, 4) t2
∴ x = t, y =
2
(–1, 1)
⇒ 2 y = x2

24. (a, d) y P(at 2 , 2at)

(–2, –1) x
0

(2, –4)
20. (c) Given ellipse is Q
 16a 8a 
x 2
y 2
 2 ,− 
+ =1 . . .(i)  t t 
6 2
P(at 2 , 2at )
The equation of any tangent to it is
 16a 8a 
y = 2 x ± 6m 2 + 2 . . .(ii) Q 2 ,− 
 t t 
Also perpendicular to (2) through the center of ellipse is
1
y=− x
1
. . .(iii) ∆OPQ = OP ⋅ OQ
m 2
eliminating ‘m’ from (ii) and (iii) gives the required locus 1 a (4) 16
⇒ at t 2 + 4 ⋅ +4 =3 2
as 2 t t2
( x2 + y 2 )2 = 6 x2 + 2 y 2
t 2 − 3 2t + 4 = 0
21. (1) Now tangent with slope ‘m’ to t = 2, 2 2
1  t2 
y 2 = 4 x is y = mx + . . .(i) Hence, P ( at 2 , 2 at ) = P  , t 
m
2 
Also tangent with slope ‘m’ to
x 2 = − 32 y is y = mx + 8 m 2 . . .(ii) t= 2
If (i) and (ii) are equations of the same line then their ⇒ P(1, 2)
coefficients should match. t=2 2
1 1
⇒ 8m2 = ⇒ m = ⇒ P(4, 2 2)
m 2

@iitjeehelps
Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 283
25. (a,b) For the given line, point of contact for 29. (a,b,c)
x 2
y a b 
2 2 2
E1 : + = 1 is  , 
a 2 b2  3 3
P ( 2 , 1)
x2 y 2  B2 A2 
and for E2 : 2 + 2 = 1 is  , 
B A  3 3 
Point of contact x + y = 3 of and circle is (1, 2)
Also, general point on x + y = 3 can be taken as

 r r  2 2
1 ∓ , 2±  where, r = x 2 + y 2 = 3, x 2 = 2 y ⇒ y 2 + 2 y − 3 = 0 ⇒ y = 1, x = 2
 2 2 3
Tangent at ( 2 , 1) to C1 is 2 x + y = 3
1 8 5 4
So, required points are  ,  and  , 
 3 3  3 3 Let center of circle touching this tangent is (0, y )
Comparing with points of contact of ellipse,
2 (0) + y − 3
a 2 = 5, B 2 = 8 ; b 2 = 4, A2 = 1
Hence =2 3
2 +1
7 43 ⇒ y − 3 = 6 ⇒ y − 3 = ± 6 ⇒ y = 3, − 3
∴ e1e2 = and e12 + e22 =
2 10 40
Hence Q2 (0, 9), Q3 (0, − 3), Q2Q3 = 12
26. (a,b,d) Tanget at P, xx1 − yy1 = 1 intersects x axis at Now C 2 : x 2 + ( y − 9) 2 = (2 3 ) 2 ;
1  C3 : x 2 + ( y + 3) 2 = (2 3) 2
M  , 0
 x1  Now foot of perpendicular form Q2 and Q3 on tangent
y y −0
Slope of normal = − 1 = 1 x −0 y −9  0+9−3
x1 x1 − x2 ⇒ = = −  = −2 x = − 2 2 , y = 7
2 1  3 
⇒ x2 = 2 x1 ⇒ N ≡ (2 x1 ,0)
R2 ( −2 2 , 7)
1
3 x1 + x−0 y+3  0−3−3
x1 y dℓ 1
= 1− 2
Similarly = = − =2
For centroid ℓ = ,m= 1 2 1  3 
3 3 dx1 3x1
dm 1 dm 1 dy1 x1 x = 2 2 , y = −1 R3 (2 2 , − 1)
= , = =
dy1 3 dx1 3 dx1 3 x12 − 1 Hence R2 R3 = (4 2)2 + (8)2 = 32 + 64 = 4 6

27. (a) y = −tx + 2at + at 3 −6 = 4t + 2t 3 = (4 2) 2 + (8) 2 = 32 + 64 = 4 6

t 3 + 2t + 3 = 0 Area of ∆OR2 R3
(t + 1)(t − t + 3) = 0
2
0 0 0
t = −1 P
(2t 2 , 4t ) 1
= −2 2 7 1=
1
[1(2 2 − 7.2 2 )] = 6 2
⇒ ( x − 2) 2 + ( y + 4) 2 = r 2 = 8 2 2
C (2,–4) 2 2 −1 1
–6
4 + 4 = r2
2 1 1
x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 8 y + 12 = 0 1 1
Area of ∆PQ2Q3 = 0 9 1= 2 (9 − 3) = 6 2
2 2
1 0 −3 1
28. (3) Given 2b = .(2ae)
2
ae a 2e 2 30. (a,c,d) Let any point P (t 2 , 2t ) on parabola.
⇒ b= ⇒ a 2 (e2 − 1) =
2 4 As we know shortest distance between two curves lies
2 along their common normal. The common normal will
⇒ 3e = 4 ⇒ e =
2

3 pass through centre of circle.

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284 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
y2= 4x and y = | x |

(0,4
Q P (t2, 2t)
(0,4–r)
S (2, 8)

Slope of normal to the parabola y 2 = 4x at

2t − 8
P = −t , = −t
t2 − 2
⇒ t3 = 8
t=2 There are two circles satisfying the given conditions. The
circle shown is of least area.
∴ P(4,4)
Let radius of circle is ‘r’
(a) equation of normal at P(4, 4) y = −2 x + 12
∴ co-ordinates of centre = (0, 4 – r)
⇒ x-intercept = 6
∵ circle touches the liney y = x in first quadrant
1
(b) slope of tangent at Q = slope of tangent at P = 0 − (4 − r )
2 ∴ =r
2
SQ 2 1 5 +1
(c) = = =
QP 2 5 − 2 5 −1 4 ⇒ r −4 = ± r 2
4
∴ r= = 4( 2 − 1)
31. 2
(d) x + ( y − β) = r 2 2 2 +1
⇒ x− y =0 1
32. (c) Eccentricity of ellipse =
4 2
0−β
=r ⇒ β=r 2 a 1
2
2
Now, − = −4 ⇒ a = 4 × = 2
e 2
β2
⇒ x 2 + ( y − β) 2 =  1
2 ∴ b2 = a 2 (1 − e2 ) = a 2 1 −  = 3
–4 –2 2 4  4
β2
⇒ 4 − y + ( y − β)2 =
2 2 x2 y 2
∴ Equation of ellipse + =1
β2 –4 4 3
⇒ y 2 − y (2β + 1) + +4=0
2 x 2y 3x
⇒ + × y′ = 0 ⇒ y′ = −
β 2 2 3 4y
⇒ (2β + 1) 2 − 4  + 4 = 0
 2  3 2 1
  y′ =− × =−
(1, 3/ 2)
4 3 2
⇒ 4β2 + 4β + 1 − 2β2 − 16 = 0
 3
⇒ 2β2 + 4β − 15 = 0 ∴ Equation of normal at  1, 
 2
− 4 ± 16 + 120 − 4 ± 2 34 − 2 ± 34 3
β= = = ⇒ y− = 2( x − 1) ⇒ 2 y − 3 = 4x − 4
4 4 2 2
34 − 2 ∴ 4x − 2 y = 1
2
x2 y 2
34 − 2 33. (d) Equation of hyperbola is − =1
⇒ r= a 2 b2
2 2
Foci is (± 2, 0) hence ae = 2,
Which is not in options therefore it must be bonus. But
according to history of JEE-Mains it seems they had ⇒ a 2 e 2 = 4 , b 2 = a 2 (e2 − 1)
following line of thinking. Given curves are y = 4 − x 2 ∴ a 2 + b2 = 4 . . .(i)

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Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 285

Hyperbola passes through ( 2, 3) 1

2b 2 2×
2 3 Length of latus rectum = = 2 =1
∴ − =1 . . .(ii) a 1
a 2 b2
1
On solving (i) and (ii) a 2 = 8 (is rejected) and a 2 = 1 and y=± 1 − x2
2
b2 = 3
1 1

∴
x2 y2
− =1
A = 2×
2
∫ 1
2
1 − x 2 dx
1 3
1
2x 3y 1 1  π −2
Equation of tangent is − =1 = 2  x 1 − x 2 + sin −1 x  = sq.units
1 3 2 2  1 4 2
2
Hence (2 2, 3 3) satisfy it.
3
37. (a) y 2 = 6 x; slope of tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is m1 =
2 2 2 2
34. (b,c,d) c = a m − b y1
1 = 4a 2 − 16 ⇒ 4a 2 = 17 −9x1
also 9 x 2 + by 2 = 16; slope of tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is m2 =
(a) is correct. by1
As m1m2 = −1
35. (a)
−27 x1
(0, 0) ⇒ = −1
by12
9
x=–4 x=4 ⇒ b= ( as y12 = 6 x1 )
2
Given chord 2x + y = p ...(i)
38. (c)
T = S1 P (16,16)

⇒ −8x + ky = k − 8h 2
...(ii) θ
2 1 p
Compare eq.(i) and (ii) = = 2 A C (4,0) B (24,0)
−8 k k − 8h
⇒ k = −4, p = 2h − 4 (a) is correct.
1 1 y 2 = 16 x
36. (a, c) y = mx + is also tangent to x + y =
2 2

m 2 Tangent at P (16,16) is 2 y = x + 16 …(i)

1 Normal at P (16,16) is y = −2 x + 48 …(ii)
m 1
⇒ = ⇒, m = ±1 i.e., A is (–16, 0); B is (24, 0)
1 + m2 2 Now, Centre of circle is (4, 0)
Common tangents are y = x + 1 and y = − x −1 4
Now, mPC = mPB = −2
x2 y2 3
⇒ Q ( −1, 0) Equation of ellipse is + =1
12  1 
2
4
+2
 
 2 i.e., tan θ = 3 =2
8
1−
b = a (1 − e )
2 2 2
3
1 1 39. (a) Let us suppose equation of hyperbola is
⇒ = 1(1 − e 2 ) ⇒ e =
2 2 x2 y2
= 1 e = 2 ⇒ b = 3a
2 2
−
y a2 b2
passing through (4,6) ⇒ a2 = 4, b2 = 12
⇒ equation of tangent
x
Q(–1, 0) (0, 0) y
x − =1
O
2
1
x= x=1 ⇒ 2x – y – 2 = 0
2

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286 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
40. (c) Given y2 = 4x . . . ( i) = 2(sec θ − cos θ )
2 2
and x + y = 5 . . . (ii) Which is strictly increasing, so
by (i) and (ii) ℓ( L.R) = ∈(3, ∞)
⇒ x = 1 and y = 2
equation of tangent at (1,2) to y2 = 4x is y = x + 1 45. (d) B(9,6)
C(t2,2t)

x2 y 2
41. (c) Let equation of ellipse + =1
a 2 b2
2a – 2b = 10 . . .(i)
ae = 5 3 . . . (ii)
A(4,–4)
2b2
=?  1  25
2
a Area 5 | t − t − 6 |= 5  t −  −
2

b2 = a2(1 – e2)  2 4
b 2 = a 2 – a 2e2 1
is maximum if t =
b2 = a2 – 25 × 3 2
⇒ b = 5 and a = 10
46. (a)
2(25) (4,2)
∴ length of L.R. = =5
10
42. (c) Let equation of tangent to the parabola y 2 − 4 x is
1
y = mx + ,
m x2 y 2
⇒ − =1
m x − ym + 1 = 0 is tangent to x + y − 6 x = 0
2 2 2
a2 b2
2a = 4 a=2
| 3m2 +1|
⇒ =3 x2
y 2

m4 + m2 − =1
4 b2
1 Passes through (4, 2)
m=±
3 4 4 2
4− = 1 ⇒ b2 = ⇒ e =
⇒ tangent are x + 3 y + 3 = 0 and x − 3 y + 3 = 0 b2 3 3
43. (c)
y-axis x2 y 2
47. (c) Hyperbola − =1
5 4
Slope of tangent =1
0 A (2,0)
S(4,0) x-axis Equation of tangent y = x ± 5 − 4
⇒ y = x ±1

⇒ y = x + 1 or y = x − 1
equation of parabola is
48. (a,b,c,d) Normal to these two curves are
y 2 = 8( x − 2)
y = m(x – c) – 2bm – bm3,
(8, 6) does not lie on parabola.
y = mx – 4am – 2am3
44. (b) e = 1 + tan 2 θ = secθ If they have a common normal
(c + 2b) m + bm3 = 4am + 2am3
1
As, sec θ > 2 ⇒ cos θ < Now (4a – c – 2b) m = (b – 2a)m3
2
We get all options are correct for m = 0
⇒ θ ∈ (60º, 90º)
(common normal x-axis)
2b2 (1 − cos2 θ ) Remark:
New, ℓ( L.R) = =2
a cos θ If we consider question as

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Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 287
If the parabolas y2 = 4b(x – c) and y2 = 8ax have a common  1
⇒ x  mx +  = 2
normal other than x-axis, then which one of the following is  m
a valid choice for the ordered triad (a, b,c)? 1
when m ≠ 0: (4a – c – 2b) = (b – 2a)m2 ⇒ x2m + −2=0
m
c c 1
m2 = −2> 0⇒ >2 D =0⇒m= −
2a − b 2a − b 2
Now according to option, option (d) is correct So, tangent is x + 2y + 4 = 0
49. (c) x 2 = 4 y 52. (c) Equation of general tangent on ellipse

x − 2y + 4 2 = 0 x x
+ =1
a secθ b cosec θ
 x+4 2 
solving together we get x = 4 
2
 a = 2, b = 1
 2 
x y
⇒ + =1
2 x 2 + 4 x + 16 2 2 sec θ cosecθ
2 x 2 − 4 x − 16 2 = 0 Let the midpoint by (h, k)
−16 2 2 sec θ 1
x1 + x2 = 2 2; x1 x2 = = − 16 h= ⇒ cos θ
2 2 2h

Similarly, ( 2 y − 4 2) = 4 y
2 cosecθ 1
and k = ⇒ sin θ
2 2k
2 y 2 + 32 − 16 y = 4 y
∵ s in 2 θ + c o s 2 θ = 1
y1 + y2 = 10 1 1
2 y 2 + 20 y + 32 = 0 ⇒ + =1
y1 y2 = 16 2h2 4k 2
1 1
⇒ + =1
2x2 4 y2

A B x 2, y 2 2b2
x 1, y 1 53. (b) = 8 and 2 ae = 2b
a
ℓ AB = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 b
= e and 1 − c2 = e2
a
= (2 2) 2 + 64 + (10) 2 − 4(16) 1
⇒ e=
= 8 + 64 + 100 − 64 2
= 108 = 6 3 ⇒ b = 4 2 and a = 8

y2 x2 x2 y 2
50. (d) − =1 so equation of ellipse is + =1
1+ r 1− r 64 32

y2 x2 54. (d) Vertex is ( a 2 , 0)

for r > 1 , − =1
1+ r r −1 y 2 = − ( x − a 2 ) and x = 0 ⇒ (0, ±2a)
 r −1  1
e = 1−   Area of triangle is = ⋅ 4a ⋅ (a 2 ) = 250
 r +1 2
( r + 1) − ( r − 1) 2 2 a3 = 125 or a = 5
= = =
( r + 1) r +1 r +1 55. (d) 2b =5 and 2ae =13
51. (a) Let the equation of tangent to parabola 25 169
b 2 = a 2 ( e 2 − 1) ⇒ = = −a 2
1 4 4
y 2 = 4 x be y = mx +
m 13
a =6 ⇒e =
it is also a tangent to hyperbola xy = 2 12

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288 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
56. (b) Let equation of circle is b=2 2
x2 + y2 + 2ƒx + 2ƒy + e = 0, it passes through (0, 2b)
1 2b 2
⇒ 0 + 4b2 + 2g × 0 + 4ƒ + c = 0 e= ∴ ℓ( L.R ) = =4
2 a
⇒ 4b2 + 4ƒ + c = 0 . . . (i)
60. (a, b)
2 g 2 − c = 4a . . . (ii) (a cos θ , b sin θ )
g2 – c = 4a2 ⇒ c = (g2 – 4a2 )
Putting in equation (i)
⇒ 4b2 + 4ƒ + g2 – 4a2 = 0
⇒ x2 + 4y + 4(b2 – a2) = 0, it represent a parabola.

Area Max when θ = 45o

a b
57. (c)
(–2, 0) (–2, 0) (–ae, 0) E1 3 2
(–a, 0) (a, 0) ae = 3 3 2
E2
2 2
3 9 
ae = 3, e = , b 2 = 4  − 1  , b 2 = 5
2 4  3 2
E3 2
( 2) ( 2) 2
x2 y 2
− =1
4 5
3 2
C(t2,2t) Q(9,6) E9
58. (a) 8
( 2) ( 2)8
X
(a) E1 + E2 + ....... + Em
2ab
When m → ∞ = 4ab = 4.3.2 = 24
1 1
1−
P 2 2
(4, –4) t= –2
2b 2 4.2 4 1
y = 4 x 2 yy ' = 4
2
(b) Length of LR is ellipse = = 2. 8 =
a 2 .3 6
1 (c) distance between focus and center of ellipse
1 1
4
1 1 1 125 3 5 5
y ' = = 2, t = Area = 9 6 1= = a9 e9 = . =
t 2 2 4 24 3 16
4 −4 1
61. (a)
(A) When two circles are intersecting they have a common
59. (c) mSB . mS'B = –1
normal and common tangent.
(B) Two mutually external circles have a common normal and
common tangent.
45º 45º
(–ae, 0) (ae, 0) x (C) When one circle lies inside of other then, they have a
common normal but no common tangent.
(D) Two branches of a hyperbola have a common normal but
no common tangent.
b 2 = a 2e 2 . . . (i)
62. (a)
1
S ′B.SB = 8
2 1  h2 
(A) 2
= 4 1 + 2  ⇒ 1 = 4( k 2 + h 2 )
S'B. SB = 16 k  k 
a2e2 + b2 = 16 . . . (ii) 1
2

b2 = a2 ( 1 – e2) . . .(iii) ∴ h 2 + k 2 =   which is a circle

2
using (i), (ii), (iii) a = 4

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Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 289
(B) If | z − z1 | − | z − z2 |= k where k < | z1 − z2 | the locus is a 2
⇒ 3 x 2 − 7 x − 6 = 0 x = − ,3.
hyperbola 3
(C) Let t = tan α
65. (b)
⇒ x = 3 cos 2α and y = sin 2α L

b 30º
x x
or cos 2α = and sin 2α = y O a N
3
M
x2
∴ + y 2 = sin 2 2α + cos 2 2α = 1 which is an ellipse
3
b a
(D) If eccentricity is [1, ∞ ] then the conic can be a parabola tan 30º = ⇒ b= . . . ( i)
a 3
(if e = 1) and a hyperbola if e ∈ (1, ∞)
1
(E) Let z = x + iy; x, y ∈ R Now area of ∆OLN = ab
2
⇒ ( x + 1) 2 − y 2 = x 2 + y 2 + 1 1
⇒ ab = 2 3 ⇒ ab = 4 3 . . . (ii)
⇒ y 2 = x; which is a parabola 2
(4t 2 , 8t )
E From (i) and (ii) we have a = 2 3, b = 2
63. (a)
G
A ( t ) = 2 t 3 (3 − 4t ) F b2 4 2
Now e = 1 + = 1+ =
1 a2 12 3
For max. A(t ) = ⇒ m =1
2 2
Distance between foci = 2ae = 2 × 2 3 ⋅ =8
1 3
⇒ A(t ) |max . = sq. units y0 = 4 and y1 = 2
2
2b 2 2×4 4
64. (a) The length of latus rectum = = =
a 2 3 3
3sin(3cos −1 x )
(A) y = cos(3cos x ) y′ =−1
66. (b) Obviously y = x + 5 is common tangent. Statement I
1 − x2
1 − x 2 y ′ = 3sin(3cos −1 x ) 5
is true. Statement-II Let y = mx + is common tangent
m
−x −3
⇒ y′ + 1 − x 2 y′′ = 3cos(3cos−1 x). circle and parabola.
1− x 2
1 − x2
⇒ 2 x2 + 2 y 2 = 5
1
⇒ − xy ′ + (1 − x 2 ) y ′′ = −9 y ⇒ [( x 2 − 1) y "+ xy '] = 9
y 5
m×0 − 0 +
2π 2π As tangent m = 5 m4 + m2 − 2 = 0
(B) (ak × ak +1 ) = r 2 sin ak ⋅ ak +1 = r 2 cos
n n 1 + m2 2
n −1 n −1



⇒ ∑a
k =1
k × ak +1 = ∑a
k =1
k ⋅ ak +1
⇒ m2 = 1
2π 2π 2π ⇒ m = ±1
⇒ r 2 (n − 1)sin = r 2 (n − 1)cos tan =1
n n n So, Statement-II is true. Hence (2)
8
⇒ n= ⇒ n = 8.
4k + 1 67. (a) Let A, B, C and D be the complex numbers,
h 2 12 2, − 2, 2i and − 2i respectively.
(C) + = 1, h = ±2
6 3
2x y PA2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2
Tangent at (2, 1) is + = 1x + y = 3. ⇒
6 3 QA2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2
 1  1 2 | z1 − 2 |2 + | z1 − 2 |2 + | z1 − 2i |2 + | z1 − 2i |2 | z1 |2 +2 3
(D) tan −1   + tan
−1
= tan −1 2 = = =
| z2 + 2 |2 + | z2 − 2 |2 + | z2 − 2i |2 + | z2 − 2i |2 | z1 | +2 4
2
 2 x + 1  4 x + 1 x
 3x + 1  −1 2 68. (c) Let C be the centre of the required circle Now draw a
tan −1  2  = tan 2
 4 x + 3x  x line parallel to L at a distance of r1 (radius of C1 ) from it.

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290 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
C1 8
P1 ⇒ λ= =2 2
2 2
Equation of circumcircle is x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 2 2 y − 9 = 0.
0
C
Hence its radius is 3 3.
L 2 2
Alternative: Let ∠ P R S = θ ⇒ sin θ =
A
2 3
Now CP1 = AC ⇒ C lies on a parabola. ⇒ PR = 6 2 = 2 R ⋅ sin θ ⇒ R = 3 3.
69. (c) ∆
72. (d) Radius of incircle is r = as ∆ = 16 2
s
M D C
6 2+6 2 +4 2 16 2
T1 G ⇒ s= =8 2 ⇒r = =2
T2 2 8 2
A B x2 y 2
73. (b) A tangent to − = 1 is y = mx + 9 m 2 − 4, m > 0
9 4
It is tangent to x 2 + y 2 − 8 x = 0

AG = 2 4m + 9 m 2 − 4
∴ = 4 ⇒ 495m 4 + 104 m 2 − 400 = 0
1 1 + m2
∴ AT1 = TG
1 = [as A is the foucs, T1 is the vertex and
2 4 2
⇒ m2 = or m =
BD is the directrix of parabola]. Also T2T3 is latus return 5 5
2 4
1 ∴ the tangent is y = m+
∴ T2T3 = 4 × 5 5
2
⇒ 2x − 5 y + 4 = 0
1 1 4
∴ Area of ∆ T1 T2T3 = × × =1
2 2 2 74. (d) y = mx + 9 m 2 + 4 4 − 3 m = 9 m 2 + 4
70. (c) Coordinates of P and Q are (1, + 2 2) and (1, − 2 2) 12 1
16 + 9m 2 − 24m = 9m 2 + 4 ⇒ m = =
y 24 2
1
Equation is y − 4 = ( x − 3)
(1, 2 2)
2
P 2y − 8 = x − 3 ⇒ x − 2y + 5 = 0
xα y β
(9, 0) Let B = (α , β ) ⇒ + −1 = 0
S (1, 0) R 9 4
(–3, 0) (–1, 0) O x
α /9 β /4 −1 9 8  9 8
⇒ = = ⇒ α =− , β = B ≡  − , .
1 −2 5 5 5  5 5
Q
(1, − 2 2) 75. (c) Slope of BD must be 0
8  9 8
⇒ y− =0  x +  ⇒ y = . Hence y coordinate of D is 8/5.
5  5  5
1
Area of ∆PQR = ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ 8 = 16 2 76. (a) Locus is parabola. Equation of AB is
3x 4 y
+ =1
2 9 4
1 x
Area of ∆PQS = ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ 2 = 4 2 ⇒ + y = 1⇒ x + 3y − 3 = 0
2 3
Ratio of area of triangle PQS and PQR is 1 : 4. ( x + 3 y − 3) 2
( x − 3)2 + ( y − 4) 2 =
71. (b) Equation of circumcircle of ∆ PRS is 10
( x + 1)( x − 9) + y 2 + λ y = 0 10x2 + 90 –60x +10y2 +160 –80 y = x2 + 9 y2 + 9 + 6xy – 6x –18y
⇒ 9 x 2 + y 2 – 6 xy – 54 x – 62 y + 241 = 0.
It will pass through (1, 2 2), then −16 + 8 + λ ⋅ 2 2 = 0

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Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 291
a 2a  3  3 
77. (b) Let P(at 2 , 2at ), Q  2 , −  as PQ is focal chord ∴ M  , 6  and N  , − 6 
t t  2  2 
Equation of altitude from vertex M  , 6  is
Point of intersection of tangents at P and Q 3
2 
  1
 −a, a  t −   . As point of intersection lies on y = 2 x + a
  t  ( y − 6 ) = 2 5 6 =  x − 23 
2
 1 1  1 −12 3 −9
⇒ g  t −  = −2a + a t − = −1 ⇒  t +  = 5 Put y = 0 we get ⇒ = x− ⇒ x=
 t t  t 5 2 10
−9
orthocenter of ∆F1MN is  , 0 
2
 1 ⇒
Length of focal chord = a  t +  = 5a
 t  10 

82. (c) Equation of tangent at point M  , 6  to the ellipse

78. (d) Angle made by chord PQ at vertex (0, 0) is given by 3
2 
2  21 + t 
 t + 2t   
 t  = −2 5 x (3 / 2) y 6
tan θ =  = is + = 1 Put y = 0 ⇒ R is (6, 0)
1− 4  −3 3

9 8

 
Equation of normal to the parabola at point M  , 6  is
3
2a
− − 2ar 2 
2at − 0
79. (d) Slope (QR) = Slope (PK) = t
at 2 − 2a a
t2
− ar 2 ( y − 6) = − 6 3 7 
 x −  Put y = 0 ⇒ Q is  ,0 
2  2 2 
 1  1 5
t  t +r  t 2 −1 Area of ∆MQR
⋅ ⋅ 6
5
⇒ =  ⇒ r= Now = 2 2 =
t − 2  1 − r2 
2
t 1
Area of quadrilateral MF1 NF2 ⋅2⋅2 6 8
 t 2
 2
x x2 y 2
80. (b) Tangent at P : ty = x + at 2 or y = + at 83. Any point on the hyperbola − = 1 is (3secθ , 2 tan θ )
t 9 4
x 2a a Chord of contact of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 9 with respect to
Normal at S : y + = +
t t t3
the point (3 secθ , 2 tan θ ) is
2a a a (t 2 + 1) 2
Solving, 2 y = at + + 3 y= 3 sec θ ⋅ x + 2 tan θ ⋅ y = 9 . . .(i)
t t 2t 3
Let ( x1 , y1 ) be the mid-point of the chord of contact.
x2 y2
81. (a) Ellipse: + =1 . . .(i) ⇒ Equation of chord in mid-point form is
9 8
Foci of ellipse are (±1,0) xx1 + yy1 = x12 + y12 . . .(ii)
Equation of parabola having vertex (0, 0) and focus (1, 0) Since equation (i) and (ii) represent the same line,
is y 2 = 4 x . . .(ii) 3sec θ 2 tan θ 9
= = 2
y x1 y1 x1 + y12

y2 = 4x 9 x1 9 y1
⇒ sec θ = , tan θ =
M 3( x12 + y12 ) 2 ( x12 + y12 )
81 x12 81 y12
x Hence − =1
F1 (−1,0) R 9( x12 + y12 )2 4( x12 + y12 )2
2
F2 (1,0) x2 y 2  x2 + y 2 
N ⇒ the required locus is − = 
9 4  9 
x2 4 x
From equation (i) and (i) + =1
9 8 84. Let the equations of tangents to the given circle and the
⇒ 2 x + 9 x − 18 = 0
2
ellipse respectively be y = mx + 4 1 + m 2 and
3
⇒ x= , −6 (rejected) y = mx + 25m 2 + 4.
2
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292 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Since both of these represent the same common tangent, 1
∆ ( h ) = area of ∆PQR = × PQ × RT
4 1 + m = 25 m + 4 ⇒ 16 (1 + m ) = 25 m + 4
2 2 2 2 2
2 1 2 3 3
⇒ m=± The tangent is at a point in the first quadrant = × 4 − h2 × ( x1 − h) = (4 − h2 )3 / 2
3 2 2 2h

⇒ m < 0. ⇒ m = −
2 . − 3(4 + 2h2 )
∆′(h) = 4 − h2 which is always decreasing.
3 2h 2
So, that the equation of the common tangent is
45 5 1
27. So ∆1 = maximum of ∆(h) = at h =
y=− x+4 8 2
3 3
9
∆ 2 = minimum of ∆(h) = at h = 1
It meets the coordinate axes at A (2 7, 0) and 2
 7 14 8 8 45 5 9
B  0, 4  ⇒ AB = So ∆ t − 8∆ 2 = × − 8. = 45 − 36 = 9.
3 3 5 5 8 2
 
a   dy 
85. (2) Substituting  , 0  in y = −2x + 1 88. (8) 2( y − x5 )  − 5 x 4  = 1(1 + x 2 )2 + ( x)(2(1 + x 2 )(2 x))
e   dx 
2a 2a e
0=− +1 , =1 a = Now put x = 1, y = 3 and
dy
= m.
e e 2 dx
Also, 1 = a2 m2 − b2 12
2
2(3 − 1)( m − 5) = 1(4) + (1)(4)(2) m − 5 = m = 5+3 = 8
1 = a m − b 1 = 4a − b
2 2 2 2
4
4e2 dy
1= − b 2 b2 = e2 = 1. = m = 8.
4 dx
Also, b 2 = a 2 ( e1 − 1) 89. (4) Image of y = −5 about the line x + y + 4 = 0 is x = 1
∴ a = 1, e = 2 ⇒ Distance AB = 4
86. (2) Area of ∆ formed by three points to parabola is twice 90. (2) Equation of normals are x + y = 3 and x − y = 3.
the area of ∆ formed by tangents all these points.
⇒ Distance from (3, −2) on both normals is ‘r’
87. (9) | 3−2−3|
y  3  ⇒ = r ⇒ r 2 = 2.
P  h, 4 − h 2  2
 2 
×
91. (4) The equation of P1 is y 2 − 8x = 0 and P2 is y 2 + 16x = 0
× x
T(h,0)
× R(x1 , 0) Tangent to y 2 − 5x = 0 passes through (–4, 0)
 3 
A  h, − 4 − h 2  2 1
 2  ⇒ 0 = m1 (−4) + ⇒ =2
m1 m12
x2 y2 3
+ =1 y = 4 − h 2 at
atxx==44. Let R( x1 , 0) Also tangent to y 2 + 16x = 0 passes through (2, 0)
4 3 2
4
xx1 4 ⇒ 0 = m2 × 2 − ⇒ m 22 = 2
PQ is chord of contact, so =1⇒ x = m2
4 x1
1
4 4 ⇒ + m 22 = 4
Which is equation of PQ, x = h, so = h ⇒ x1 = m12
x1 h

  

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Vector Algebra 293

22 Vector Algebra
QUICK LOOK Scalar Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
C D
Vectors and Their Representation

Vector quantities are specified by definite magnitude and
definite direction. E

Vector quantities are represented by directed line segments.


A B
Vector AB, i.e., AB is a vector whose magnitude is Figure 22.4
represented by the length AB and its direction is represented


If k is a scalar then ka is a vector having the same (or
by the direction from A to B along the line segment.

opposite) direction as that of a whose magnitude is |k|



AB times that of a.






Figure 22.1 ∴ ka || a and | ka | = | ka |=| k || a |








The magnitude of the vector AB is written as | AB | or
k ( a + b ) = ka + kb




simply AB.
p ( qa ) = ( pq ) a = q ( pa )





Unit vector a is a vector whose magnitude | a | =1.1. Zero
a


Unit vector along a = aˆ =

vector is a vector of 0 magnitude. The direction of 0 (zero |a|
vector) is indeterminate.


Position Vector of a Point

If AB = CD and AB || CD then AB = CD.



If O is the origin and P is any point then the position vector

AB = CD ⇒ AB = CD and AB || CD

of P = OP.
A B



If the position vectors of points A and B are a and b
C D
respectively then the position vector of the point P dividing
Figure 22.2


Addition of Vectors mb + na
AB in the ratio m : n is .
C m+n
P


P
a+b
m n
b


A(a ) B(b )
O (origin)
A
B Figure 22.5 Figure 22.6
a
Figure 22.3









Relation between Two Collinear Vectors: If a and b are
If AB = a , BC then a + b is the vector represented by AC.



two collinear (or parallel) vectors then there exists a scalar λ
∴ AB + BC = AC



If A, B, C, D and E are in order then such that b = λ a.






AB + BC + CD + DE = AE





Relation between Three Coplanar Vectors

AB + AC = AB = AD = 2 AE




If a , b and r are three vectors in a plane then there exists
where ABDC is a parallelogram, E being the point of



intersection of the diagonals. two unique scalars x, y such that r = xa + yb











a+0 = a
If r = x1a + y1b as well as r = x2 a + y 2b then





x1 = x2 , y1 = y2 .

−a is the negative of the vector a such that a + ( − a ) = 0.

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294 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics




Relation between Four Vectors in Space Addition of Vectors Expressed in Terms of i , j , k














If a , b , c and r are four vectors in space (of which no three If a = a1i + a 2 j + a3 k and b = b1i + b2 j + b3 k then
are coplanar) then there exists three unique scalars x, y, z








a + b = ( a1 + b1 )iˆ + ( a 2 + b2 ) j + ( a3 + b3 ) k
such that r = xa + yb + zc






a − b = ( a1 − b1 )iˆ + ( a 2 − b2 ) j + ( a3 − b3 ) k








If r = x1a + y1b + z1c as well as r = x2 a + y 2b + z 2 c then
Condition of Collinearity of Three Points: The points A, B
x1 = x2 , y1 = y2 , z1 = z2 . 


and C are collinear if AB = λ AC
Vectors Z
P (x,y,z) Condition of Coplanarity of Four Points of Three Vectors:
k̂ The points A, B, C and D are coplanar if the three vectors





r AB , AC and AD are coplanar,i i.e, if two scalars x, y can be
N iˆ




O
Y
found such that AB = x AC + y AD
x
iˆ M y Q Position Vector of a Point of Section
X



Figure 22.7
If A( a ), B (b ) be two points then the position vector of the






i , j, k a +b


middle point P of AB is .


2
i , j and k are three unit vectors along X, Y and Z axes




If A( a ), B (b ) and C ( c ) be the vertices of a triangle ABC
respectively where each pair of axes are mutually




perpendicular. a +b +c



then the position vector of the centroid G is .
∴ | i |= 1 =| j |=| k | . 3

Let P be a point whose coordinates are (x, y, z). Vector Conditions for Geometrical Results


The position vector of P is r where
Line segments AB and CD are equal ⇔ | AB | = | CD |







r = OQ + QP = (OM + ON ) + QP 






Lines AB and CD are parallel ⇔ AB = kCD
= xi + yj + zk = ( x, y , z ) 



or AB × CD = 0.



| r |=| OP |= OQ 2 + QP 2 = (QN 2 + ON 2 ) + QP2 



Lines AB and CD are perpendicular ⇔ AB ⋅ CD = 0



= x2 + y 2 + z 2
A, B, C will be collinear ⇔ AB = k AC
cos ∠POZ = cos(90° − ∠POQ )
A, B, C, D will be coplanar ⇔







z z AB = λ AC + µ AD or [ AB AC AD ] = 0
= sin ∠POQ = =
.
OP | r |
A vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the



x y points A, B and C is AB × AC .
Similarly, cos ∠POX =
, cos ∠POY =
.
|r | |r |

Equation of Straight Lines
The direction of r is given by the direction cosines

The equation of the straight line passing through the point
x y z






,
,
(a ) and parallel to the vector (b ) is r = a + tb
|r | |r | |r |





where t is an arbitrary scalar and r is the position vector of

The position vector of the point (x, y, z) is r = xi + yj + zk .
any point on the line.






Any vector a in space can be written linearly in i , j , k i.e.,
The equation of the straight line passing through the point










a = λ i + µj + vk ( a ) and (b ) is r = (1 − t ) a + tb where t is an arbitrary




scalar.

If r = xi + yj + zk is equally inclined with axes then





Three points whose position vectors are a, b , c are
x y z


=
=
i.e., x = y = z.


collinear if λ a + µb + ν c = 0 where λ + µ +ν = 0
|r | |r | |r |

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Vector Algebra 295
Equations of Bisectors of the Angle between Two Lines Vector Equation of a Sphere
D
C

c

A E
A B
b
Figure 22.8
B



Figure 22.10
Let A( a ) be the vertex of the angle BAC where b and c are
The vector equation of a sphere whose centre has the position
vectors along AB and AC respectively. The equations of the




vector a and radius is ρ , is | r − a | = ρ , r being the position
bisectors of ∠BAC are


vectors for any point on the sphere.


 b c 
r = a + t 
±

Volume of a Tetrahedron
|b | | c |
B
where t is a scalar parameter.

r
Shortest Distance between Two Non-coplalar Lines
A
L B

A F
Figure 22.11

The volume of a tetrahedron

C
M 1
D = (area of the base) (corresponding altitute)
Figure 22.9 3

If two lines AB, CD do not intersect, there is always a line 1 1 



= · | AB × AC || ED |
cutting both the lines perpendicularly. 3 2
The intercept on this line made by AB and CD is called the 1 






= | AB × AC || ED |cos 00 for AB × AC || ED
shortest distance between the lines AB and CD. In the 6
figure, the shortest distance = LM 1 


1 



= ( AB × AC )· ED = [ AB AC ED ]
where ∠ALM = ∠CML = 90° 6 6

In the above figure, shortest distance LM 1 




1 




= [ AB AC EA + AD = [ AB AC AD ]



ML 6 6
= | projection of AC along ML | = AC · 
. 



| ML | because AB , AC , EA are coplanar and so




[ AB AC EA] = 0.
Equation of a Plane

The equation of the plane passing through the points Work Done by a Force Vector: The work done by the force





A( a ), B (b ) and C ( c ) is F in shifting a particles from the point A to the point B










= AB · F = r · F
(a) r = xa + yb + (1 − x − y ) c where r is the position
vector of any point on the plane and x, y are parameters. Vector Moment (Torque) of a Force Vector About a Point







(b) [ r − a r − b r − c ] = 0 A






r

Four point whose position vectors are a , b , c and d will be
coplanar if





P F
xa + yb + zc + wd = 0 where x + y + z + w = 0. Figure 22.12





The equation of the plane passing through A( a ) and If the force F acts at the point P then the vector moment of F









perpendicular to the vector p is ( r − a )· p = 0 about the point A = AP × F = r × F

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296 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics



Rotation About an Axis
The angle θ between a, b is given by sin θ =| aˆ × bˆ | .
N

ω


The vector area ∆ of the triangle whose two sides represent


1

1


vectors a and b = (a × b ) and area (scalar) | a × b | .
P 2 2
The vector area of the parallelogram whose two adjacent






r sides represent vectors a and b = a × b are area (scalar)
O


| a ×b |.
Figure 22.13

















i ×i = 0 = j × j = k ×k i × j = k, j ×k = i ,k ×i = j
When a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis ON with an
















angular velocity ω then the velocity ω then the velocity v of
a × b = −b × a . i × k = − k × i = − j , k × j = − j × k = −i ,
















a particle P is given by v = w × r j × i = − i × j = − k a × (b + c ) = a × b + a × c .












where r = OP and w = w (unit vector along ON).
If a = a1i + a 2 j + a3 k and b = b1i + b2 j + b3 k then




i j k
Product of Two Vectors


a × b = a1 a2 a3
Scalar product of two vectors


b1 b2 b3

The scalar product (or dot product) a ·b of two vectors







a and b is a scalar quantity such that a ·b =| a || b | cos θ Product of Three or More Vectors






Scalar triple product
where θ is the angle between a and b . a ⊥ b ⇔ a ·b = 0
c

The angle θ between two units vectors aˆ, bˆ is given by

cos θ = aˆ ⋅ bˆ.




a



The projection of b̂ on the vector a = b ·
, i.e., b ·a
|a|












a

i ·i = 1 = j · j = k ·k and i · j = 0 = j · k = k ·i .






a ·b = b · a
Figure 22.14







b

a ·( b + c ) = a ·b + a ·c













The dot product of the vectors a × b with the vectors c is a

If a = a1i + a 2 j + a3 k and b = b1i + b2 j + b3 k then






scalar triple product of the three vectors a , b , c and it is
a ·b = a1b1 + a2 b2 + a3b3












2 written as ( a × b ). c . It is a scalar quantity. The magnitude

( a + b ) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + 2 a ·b where a ·a = a , etc.



of ( a × b ). c is equal to the volume V of a parallelopiped



Vector product of two vectors whose three concurrent edges are represented by a, b and





The vector product (or cross product) a × b of two vectors c as shown in the figure.






∴ volume of the parallelepiped whose three concurrent edges
a and b is a vector quantity such that a × b =| a | | b | sin θ nˆ








are a , b , c = ( a × b ) ⋅ c
where θ = angle between a , b and n̂ is a unit vector








( a × b )· c = a ·(b × c ) i.e., dot and cross can be interchanged




perpendicular to the plane a and b such that a , b , nˆ from
in a scalar triple product and each scalar triple product is
a right-handed triad.



written as [ a b c ].






a || b ⇔ a × b = 0










[ a b c ] = [b c a ] = [ c a b ]




















a × b ⊥ a and a × b ⊥ b
[ a b c ] = −[b a c ] = −[ a c b ] = −[c b a ]














a ×b
[ a b c ] = 0 if a = b or b = c or c = a

Unit vector perpendicular to both a and b is

.

| a ×b | or at least one vector = 0

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Vector Algebra 297



Multiple Choice Questions
or a , b and c are coplanar



One and More than One Correct

[i j k ] = 1













1. Let A be vector parallel to line of intersection of planes P1 and

If a = a1i + a 2 j + a3 k , b = b1iˆ + b2 j + b3 k , c = c1i + c2 j + c3 k
a1 a2 a3 P2 through origin. P1 is parallel to the vector 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and




then [ a b c ] = b1 b2 b3
is parallel to ĵ − kˆ and 3iˆ +3ˆj, then the angle
4 ˆj − 3kˆ and P2
c1 c2 c3

between vectors A and 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ is [JEE 2006]




Condition for Coplanarity of Three Vectors: a , b and c are π π π 3π



a. b. c. d.
coplanar ⇔ [ a , b c ] = 0 2 4 6 4




Vector Triple Product 2. Let a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ and c = iˆ − ˆj − kˆ. A vector




1

The vector product of a × b and c is a vector triple product

in the plane of a and b whose projection on c is


, is



3
of the three vectors a , b and c .






[JEE 2006]
( a × b ) × c , a × (b × c ) are vector triple products.









a. 4iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ b. 3iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ

a × (b × c ) = ( a ·c )b − ( a ·b ) c . This is a vector in the plane of


c. 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ d. 4iˆ + ˆj − 4kˆ
b and c .










3. The number of distinct real values of λ, for which the

( a × b ) × c = ( a ·c )b − (b ·c ) a . This is a vector in the plane



of a and b vectors −λ 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − λ 2 ˆj + kˆ and iˆ + ˆj − λ 2 kˆ are
coplanar, is [JEE 2007 P-I]
Scalar Product of Four Vectors a. zero b. one c. two d. three






( a × b )·( c × d ) is a scalar product of four vectors. It is a dot












4. Let a , b , c be unit vectors such that a + b + c = 0. Which
product of the vectors a × b and c × d .




one of the following is correct? [JEE 2007 P-II]
It is scalar triple product of the vectors a , b and c × d as











a. a × b = b × c = c × a = 0
well as a scalar triple product of the vectors a × b , c and d .







b. a × b = b × c = c × a ≠ 0
















a ·c a ·d c. a × b = b × c = a × c = 0

( a × b )·(c × d ) =




b ·c b ·d






d. a × b , b × c , c × a are mutually perpendicular
Vector Product of Four Vectors 5. The edges of a parallelopiped are of unit length and are






( a × b ) × ( c × d ) is a vector product of four vectors.
parallel to non-coplanar unit vectors aˆ , bˆ, cˆ such that





If is the cross product of the vectors a × b and c × d .



aˆ ⋅ bˆ = bˆ ⋅ cˆ ⋅ aˆ = 1/ 2. Then the volume of the







a × { b × ( c × d )},{( a × b ) × c } × d are also different vectors
parallelopiped is [JEE 2008 P-I]





products of four vectors a , b , c and d . 1 1
a. b.
2 2 2
To Express a Vector in Terms of Noncoplanar Vectors






3 1

If a , b are two known noncollinear vectors then a , b , a × b c. d.

2 3
are three noncoplanar vectors. So, any vector x can be





6. Let two non-collinear unit vectors â and b̂ form an acute
written as x = λ a + µb + ν a × b where λ, µ,ν are unknown
angle. A point P moves so that at any time t the position
scalars. 


If are three known noncoplalar vectors then any vectors can vector OP (where O is the origin) is given by
be written as where λ, µ,ν are unknown scalars. aˆ cos t + bˆ sin t. When P is farthest from origin O, let M




Note: The above two ways of expressing x is useful in solving be the length of OP and û be the unit vector along OP .
vector equations. Then, [JEE 2008 P-II]

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298 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

aˆ + bˆ 11. Let P, Q, R and S be the points on the plane with position

a. uˆ = and M = (1 + aˆ ⋅ bˆ)1/ 2
| aˆ + bˆ | vectors −2iˆ − ˆj , 4iˆ,3iˆ + 3 ˆj and −3iˆ + 2 ˆj respectively. The

aˆ − bˆ quadrilateral PQRS must be a [JEE 2010 P-I]

b. uˆ = and M = (1 + aˆ ⋅ bˆ)1/ 2 a. parallelogram, which is neither a rhombus nor a
|a −b|
ˆ ˆ
rectangle
aˆ + bˆ b. square
c. uˆ = and M = (1 + 2aˆ ⋅ bˆ)1/ 2
| aˆ + bˆ | c. rectangle, but not a square
aˆ − bˆ d. rhombus, but not a square
d. uˆ = and M = (1 + 2aˆ ⋅ bˆ)1/ 2
| a −b |
ˆ ˆ 12. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram ABCD are given by

7. A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2i, where AB = 2iˆ + 10 ˆj + 11kˆ and AD = −iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ. The side AD
is rotated by an acute angle α in the plane of the
i = −1. It moves first horizontally away origin by 5 units
parallelogram so that AD becomes AD. If AD makes a
and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a
right angle with the side AB, then the cosine of the angle
point z1. From z1 the particle moves 2 units in the α is given by [JEE 2010 P-II]
direction of the vector i + j and then it moves through an
ˆ ˆ
8 17 1 4 5
a. b. c. d.
π 9 9 9 9
angle in anticlockwise direction on a circle with centre
2
at origin to reach a point z2. The point z2 is given by 13. Let a = ˆi + ˆj + k,
ˆ b = ˆi − ˆj + kˆ and c = ˆi − ˆj − kˆ be three
[JEE 2008 P-II] vectors. A vector v in the plane of a and b, whose
a. 6 + 7i b. −7 + 6i c. 7 + 6i d. −6 + 7i
1
projection on c is , given by [JEE 2011 P-I]
8. If a , b , c and d are unit vectors such that (a × b) ⋅ (c × d ) = 1 3
1 a. ˆi − 3jˆ + 3kˆ b. −3iˆ − 3jˆ − kˆ
and a.c = , then [JEE 2009 P-I]
2 c. 3iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ d. ˆi + 3jˆ − 3kˆ
a. a , b , c are non-coplanar
14. The vector(s) which is/are coplanar with vectors ˆi + ˆj + 2kˆ
b. b , c , d are non-coplanar
and ˆi + 2jˆ + k,
ˆ and perpendicular to the vectors ˆi + ˆj + kˆ
c. b , d are non-parallel
is/are [JEE 2011 P-I]
d. a , d are parallel and b , c are parallel
a. ˆj − kˆ b. −ˆi + ˆj
9. Let P(3, 2, 6) be a point in space and Q be a point on the c. ˆi −ˆj d. −ˆj + kˆ

line r = (iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ) + µ (−3iˆ + ˆj + 5).

ˆ Then the value of 15. If a and b are vectors such that a + b = 29 and

µ for which the vector PQ is parallel to the plane a × (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ) = (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ) × b then a possible
x − 4 y + 3 z = 1 is [JEE 2009 P-I]
value of (a + b ) ⋅ (−7iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ) is [JEE 2012 P-II]
1 1 1 1
a. b. − c. d. − a. 0 b. 3
4 4 8 8 c. 4 d. 8
10. The normal at a point P on the ellipse x + 4y = 16 meets
2 2
16. Let PR = 3i + j − 2k and SQ = i − 3 ˆj − 4kˆ determine diagonals
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
the x-axis at Q. If M is the mid-point of the line segment
PQ, then the locus of M intersects the latus rectums of the of a parallelogram P QRS and PT = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ be another
given ellipse at the points [JEE 2009 P-II] vector. Then the volume of the parallelepiped determined
 3 5 2  3 5 19  by the vectors PT , PQ and PS is
a.  ± , ±  b.  ± ,± 
 2 7  2 4  [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
 1  4 3 a. 5 b. 20
c.  ±2 3, ±  d.  ±2 3, ± 
 7  7  c. 10 d. 30


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Vector Algebra 299

17. If the vectors AB = 3iˆ + 4kˆ and AC = 5iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ are the 1
23. Let û = u1iˆ + u2 ˆj + u3kˆ be a unit vector in R3 and wˆ =
6
sides of a triangles ABC , then the length of the median


through A is [JEE Main 2013] (iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ). Given that there exists a vector v in R3 such that



a. 18 b. 72 c. 33 d. 45 | uˆ × v | = 1 and wˆ ⋅ (uˆ × v ) = 1. Which the following statement

2 (s) is (are) correct? [JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]

18. If  a × b b × c c × a  = λ  abc  then λ is equal to:

a. There is exactly one choice for such v


[JEE Main 2014] b. There are infinitely many choices for such v
a. 2 b. 3 c. If û les in the xy-plane than | u1 | = | u2 |
c. 0 d. 1
d. If û les in the xz-plane than 2 | u1 | = | u3 |




19. Let x , y and z be three vectors each of magnitude 2




24. Let a = 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ and b = iˆ + ˆj. Let c be a vector such
π

and the angle between each pair of them is . If a is a






3 that c − a = 3, ( a × b ) × c = 3 and the angle between c





non-zero vector perpendicular to x and y × z and b is a




and a × b be 30°. Then a ⋅ c is equal to [JEE Main 2017]




nonzero vector perpendicular to y and z × x , then
1
a. 5 b.
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I] 8











a. b = (b ⋅ z )( z − x ) b. a = ( a ⋅ y )( y − z ) 25
c. d. 2











8
c. a ⋅ b = −( a ⋅ y )(b ⋅ z ) d. a = ( a ⋅ y )( z − y )


25. Let u be a vector coplanar with the vectors





20. Let a , b and c be three non-zero vectors such that no two

a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and b = ˆj + kˆ. If u
is perpendicular to a




1





of them are collinear and (a × b ) × c = | b || c | a. If θ is the

and u ⋅ b = 24, then u 2 is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
3


a. 84 b. 336
angle between vectors b and c then a value of sin θ is
c. 315 d. 256
[JEE Main 2015]
2 2 − 2 26. The magnitude of the projection of the vector 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
a. b.
3 3 on the vector perpendicular to the plane containing the
2 −2 3 vectors iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ is: [JEE Main 2019]
c. d.
3 3
3 3






a. b.
21. Let ∆PQR be a triangle. Let a = QR , b = RP , and c = PQ . 2 2





If | a | = 12, | b | = 4 3 and b.c = 24, then which of the c. 6 d. 3 6



following is (are true)? [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I] 27. Let a = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + xkˆ and b = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, for some real x.


2
| c |2
|c|



a. − | a | = 12 b. − | a | = 30 Then | a × b | = r is possible if: [JEE Main 2019]
2 2







c. | a × b + c × a | = 48 3 d. a .b = −72 3 3 3
a. 3 <r<5 b. 0 < r ≤






2 2 2
22. Let a , b and c be three unit vectors such that a × (b × c )
3 3 3
3



c. <r <3 d. r ≥ 5
= (b + c ). If b is not parallel to c , then the angle 2 2 2
2


between a and


b is: [JEE Main 2016]
28. The tangent and the normal lines at the point ( )
3,1 to the
2 2
3π π circle x + y = 4 and the x-axis form a triangle. The area of
a. b. this triangle (in square units) is: [JEE Main 2019]
4 2
2π 5π a. 1/3 b. 4 / 3
c. d.
3 6 c. 1/ 3 d. 2 / 3

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300 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics



29. Let a = iˆ − ˆj , b = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and


e be a vector such that 36. The sum of the distinct real values of µ, for which the







vectors µiˆ + ˆj + kˆ, iˆ + µ ˆj + kˆ, iˆ + ˆj + µ kˆ, are co-planer is:
a × c + b = 0 and a .c = 4 , then | c |2 is equal to
[JEE Main 2019] [JEE Main 2019]
a. 2 b. 0 c. –1 d. 1
19 17
a. b. 8 c. d. 7 37. A tetrahedron has vertices P(1, 2, 1), Q(2, 1, 3),
2 2



ˆ ˆ R(–1, 1, 2) and O(0, 0, 0). The angle between the faces
30. Let a = iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ, b = biˆ ˆ ˆ
1 + b2 j + 2k, and c = 5i + j + 2k
ˆ
OPQ and PQR is: [JEE Main 2019]



be three vectors such that the projection vector of b on a  9   19 





a. cos −1   b. cos −1  
is a . If a + b is perpendicular to c ,then | b | is equal to:  35   35 
[JEE Main 2019]  17   7 
c. cos −1   d. cos −1  
a.22 b. 4 c. 32 d. 6  31   31 






31. Let a = 2iˆ + λ1 ˆj + 3kˆ, b = 4iˆ + (3 − λ2 ) ˆj + 6kˆ and 38. Let a , b and c be three unit vectors, out of which vectors






c = 3iˆ + 6 ˆj + (λ3 − 1)kˆ be three vectors such that b = 2a

b and c are non-parallel. If α and β are the angles which






vector a makes with vectors b and c respectively and a
and a is perpendicular to c, then a possible value of



1

(λ1 , λ2 , λ3 ) is: [JEE Main 2019] a × (b × c ) = b , then |α – β| is equal to:
2
1   1  [JEE Main 2019]
a.  , 4, −2  b.  − , 4,0 
2   2  a. 60º b. 30º c. 90º d. 45º
c. (1, 3, 1) d. (1, 5, 1)

Matrix Match / Column Match
32. Let A be a point on the line r = (1−3µ)iˆ + (µ −1) ˆj + (2 + 5µ)kˆ 39. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the
and B(3, 2, 6) be a point in the space. Then the value of µ values given in Column II. [JEE 2009 P-II]


for which the vector A B is parallel to the plane x – 4y Column I Column II
+ 3z = 1 is: [JEE Main 2019] (A) Root (s) of the expression π
1.
a. 1/2 b. –1/4 c. 1/4 d. 1/8 2sin θ + sin 2θ = 2
2 2
6






(B) Points of discontinuity of the π
33. Let α = (λ − 2)a + b and β = (4λ − 2) a + 3b be two given 2.
function 4



vectors where vectors a and b are non-collinear. The  6x   3x 


f ( x ) =   cos   , where
value of λ for which vectors α and β are collinear, is: π  π 
[JEE Main 2019] [y] denotes the largest integer
a. –3 b. 4 c. 3 d. –4 less than or equal to y.

(C) Volume of the parallelepiped π
34. Let a
= iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4 kˆ, b = iˆ + λ ˆj + 4 kˆ and c
= 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + (λ 2 − 1) kˆ 3.
with its edges represented by 3



be coplanar vectors. Then the non zero vector a × c is.
the vectors iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + 2 ˆj and
[JEE Main 2019]
a. − 14 iˆ − 5 ˆj b. − 10 iˆ − 5 ˆj iˆ + ˆj + π kˆ


c. − 10 iˆ + 5 ˆj d. − 14 iˆ + 5 ˆj (D) Angle between vectors a π
4.




2
and b where a , b and c are
35. Let 3iˆ + ˆj, iˆ + 3 ˆj and β iˆ + (1 − β ) ˆj respectively be the
unit vectors satisfying
position vectors of the points A, B and C with respect to




a + b + 3c = 0
the origin O. If the distance of C from the bisector of the
5. π
3
acute angle between OA and OB is , then the sum of a. A→ 2,4; B→ 1,3,4,5; C→ 5; D→ 3
2
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
all possible values of β I [JEE Main 2019] c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4 d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1

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Vector Algebra 301
40. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II π 2 5/6
π
[JEE 2010 P-II] (C) The value of
ln3 ∫ sec(π x) dx
7/6
3.
3
Column I Column II
is
(A) A line from the origin meets the 1. –1
(D) The maximum value 4. π
x − 2 y −1 z +1
lines = = and  1 
1 −2 1 Arg   for | z |= 1, z ≠ 1 f is
8 1− z 
x− given by
3 = y + 3 = z −1 at P and Q
2 −1 1 π
5.
respectively. If length PQ = d, 2
2
then d is a. A→ 2,3; B→ 1; C→ 4; D→ 5
(B) The values of x satisfying 2. 0 b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 5
−1
tan −1 ( x + 3) − tan −1 ( x − 3) = sin c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 5
3 d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 5
  are
5



42. Match Column I with Column II and select the correct
(C) Non-zero vectors a , b and c 3. 4
answer using the code given below the lists:



satisfy a ⋅ b = 0, [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]





(b − a ) ⋅ (b + c ) = 0 and Column I Column II







(A) Volume of parallelepiped 1. 100
2 | b − c |=| b − a | . If a = µb + 4c ,



then the possible values of µ are determined by vectors, a, b


(D) Let f be the function on [−π , π ] 4. 5 and c is 2. Then the volume of
the parallele-piped determined
given by f (0) = 9 and f ( x) =





by vectors 2( a × b ), 3(b × c )
 9x  x
sin   sin   for x ≠ 0. The


and ( c × a ) is
 2  2
π (B) Volume of parallelepiped 2. 30
2
value of
π ∫π f ( x)dx is
−
determined by vectors, a , b and





5. 6 c is 5. Then the volume of the
a. A→ 5; B→ 1,3; C→ 2,4; D→ 3 parallele-piped determined by





b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 vectors 3( a + b ), (b + c ) and
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4


2(c + a ) is
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
(C) Area of a triangle with adjacent 3. 24
41. Match the statements given in Column I with the values

sides determined by vectors a
given in Column II. [JEE 2011 P-II]

and b is 20. Then the area of
Column I Column II

ˆ the triangle with adjacent sides
(A) If ˆ ˆ ˆ
a = j + 3k = − j + 3k and 1. π

determined by vectors (2 a
+ 3b )

6
c = 2 3kˆ form a triangle, then


and ( a − b ) is
the internal angle of the triangle


(D) Area of a parallelogram with 4. 60
between a and b is adjacent sides determined by
b
2π


∫ (f (x) − 3x)dx = a − b2 , 2. vectors a and b is 30. Then
2
(B) If
3
a the area of the parallelogram
π  with adjacent sides determined
then the value of f   is



6 by vectors ( a + b ) and a is

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302 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
a. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 1; D→ 2 (B) Let a and b be real numbers 2. 2
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 such that the function
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
f (x) = {
−3ax2 − 2, x <1
bx + a2 , x ≥ 1
is

43. Match the following: [JEE Adv. 2014 P-II] differentiable for all x ∈ R.
Column I Column II Then possible value(s) of a is
(A) Let y ( x ) = cos(3cos −1 x ), 1. 1 (are)
(C) Let ω ≠ 1 be a complex cube 3. 3
3 1
x ∈[−1,1], x ≠ ± . Then root of unity. If
2 y ( x)
(3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3
 2 d 2 y ( x) dy ( x) 
( x − 1) +x  + (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3
 dx 2
dx 
+ ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0, then
equals
possible value(s) of n is (are)
(B) Let A1 , A2 ,... , An (n > 2) be the 2. 2
(D) Let the harmonic mean of two 4. 4
verticals of a regular polygon of n
positive real numbers a and b be
sides with its centre at the origin.

4. If q is a positive real number
Let ak be the position vector of
such that a, 5, q, b is an
the point , , k = 1,2,...n.
AkAk If arithmetic progression, then the
n −1


n −1


value(s) of | q − a | is (are)
∑ (a
k =1
k × ak +1 ) = ∑ (a
k =1
k ⋅×ak +1 )
5. 5
then the minimum value of n is a. A→ 1,2; B→ 1,2; C→ 1,2,4,5; D→ 2,5
(C) If the normal from the point 3 8 b. A→ 1; B→ 2,5; C→ 3,4; D→ 4,5
x y 2 2 c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2,4; D→ 4,2
P( h,1) on the ellipse + =1 d. A→ 3.1; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1,4
6 3
is perpendicular to the line
x + y = 8, then the value of h is 45. Match the thermodynamic processes given under
Column I with the expression given under Column II:
(D) Number of positive solutions 4. 9
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
satisfying the equation
Column I Column II
 1  −1  1 
tan −1   + tan   (A) In a triangle ∆XYZ , let a, b and c 1. 1
 2x +1   4x + 1 
be the lengths of the sides
 2
= tan −1  2  is opposite to the angles X, Y and Z,
x  respectively. If 2( a 2 − b 2 ) = c 2
a. A→ 4; B→ 3; C→ 2; D→ 1
sin (XY)
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 and λ = then possible
sin Z
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 values ofn for which
cos( nπλ ) = 0 is (are)
44. Match the Column: [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
(B) In a triangle ∆XYZ , let a, b and c 2. 2
Column I Column II
be the lengths of the sides
(A) In R , if the magnitude of the 1. 1
2

opposite to the angles X, Y and Z,

projection vector of the vector
respectively. If 1 + cos 2 X −
α iˆ + β ˆj on 3iˆ + ˆj is 3 and
2 cos 2Y = 2sin X sin Y , then
if α | = 2 + 3β, then possible
a
possible value(s) of is (are)
value(s) of | α | is (are) b

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Vector Algebra 303
(C) In R , let2
3iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + 3 ˆj and 3. 3 triangle PQR. [JEE Main 2019]



β iˆ + (1 − β ) ˆj be the position 47. OR × OY =
vectors of X, Y and Z with respect
a. sin ( P + R ) b. sin 2R
of the origin O, respectively. If
the distance of Z from the bisector c. sin ( P + Q ) d. sin ( Q + R )


of the acute angle of OX with 48. If the triangle PQR varies, then the minimum value of

3 cos ( P + Q ) + cos ( Q + R ) + cos ( R + P ) is
OY is , then possible
2 3 3
a. − b.
value(s) of | β | is (are) 2 2
5 5
(D) Suppose that F (α) denotes the 4. 5 c. d. −
3 3
area of the region bounded by Paragraph for Question No. 49 to 50
x = 0, x = 2, y 2 = 4 x and Let p, q be integers and let α , β be the roots of the equation,
y = | αx − 1 | + | α x − 2 | + α x , x 2 − x − 1 = 0 , where α ≠ β . For n = 0 , 1,2..., let an = pα n + q β n
where α ∈ {0,1}. Then the .
8 49. If a4 = 28 , then p + 2q =
value(s) of F (α) + 2, when
3 a. 12 b. 21 c. 14 d. 7
α = 0 and α = 1, is (are) 50. a12 =
5. 6 a. a11 + 2a10 b. a11 + a10
a. A→ 1,3,4; B→ 1; C→ 1,2; D→ 4,5 c. a11 − a10 d. 2a11 + a10
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4,4
Paragraph for Question No. 51 to 52
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4,1
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1,2 Let the circle C1 : x 2 + y 2 = 9 and C2 : ( x − 3) 2 + ( y − 4) 2 = 16
intersect at the points X and Y. Suppose that another circle
Statement or Assertion & Reason C3 : ( x − h) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 = r 2 satisfies the following conditions.






(i) Centre of C3 is collinear with the centres of C1 and C2.
46. Let the vectors PQ, QR, RS , ST , TU and UP represent the (ii) C1 and C2 both lie inside C3 and [JEE Main 2019]
sides of a regular hexagon. [JEE 2007 P-I] (iii) C3 touches C1 at M and C2 at N





Statement-I: PQ × ( RS + ST ) ≠ 0 Let the line though X and Y intersect C3 at Z and W and let a
common tangent of C1 and C3 be a tangent to the parabola
and






x 2 = 8α y
Statement-II: PQ × RS = 0 and PQ × ST = 0.
Three are some expressions given in the following lists:
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
Column-I Column-II
is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(A) 2h + k 1. 6
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement–II
is not a correct explanation for Statement-I. length of ZW 2. 6
(B)
c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False. length of XY
d. Statement-II is False, Statement-II is True. Area of ∆MZN 5
(C) 3.
Area of ∆ZMW 4
Paragraph (D) α 21
4.
Paragraph for Question No. 47 to 48 5



5. 2 6
Let O be the origin, and OX , OY , OZ be three unit vectors in



10
6.
the directions of the sides QR, RP, PQ , respectively, of a 3

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304 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
51. Which of the following is the only correct combination? 60. Consider the cube in the first octant with sides OP, OQ
a. (A–4) b. (B– 2) and OR of length 1, along the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis,
c. (A–6) d. (B–5) 1 1 1
respectively, where O(0, 0, 0) is the origin. Let S  , , 
52. Which of the following is the only incorrect combination? 2 2 2
a. (D–6) b. (C)–(3) be the centre of the cube and T be the vertex of the cube
c. (D–5) d. (A–1) opposite to the origin O such that S lies on the diagonal OT.









Integer & Subjective If p = SP, q = SQ, r = SR and t = ST , then the value of








iˆ − 2 ˆj | ( p × q ) × ( r × t ) | is ______. [JEE Adv. 2018 P-II]
53. If a and b are vectors in space given by a = and
5

2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ



ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
b= , then the value of (2a + b ) ⋅ [(a × b )
14 1. (b,d) Vector AB is parallel to



×(a − 2b )] is [JEE 2010 P-I] [(2iˆ + 3kˆ) × (4) − 3kˆ] × [( ˆj − kˆ) × (3iˆ + 3 ˆj )] = 54( ˆj − kˆ)



Let θ is the angle between the vector, then
54. Let a = −ˆi − k,
ˆ b = −ˆi + ˆj and c = ˆi + 2jˆ + 3kˆ be three




 54 + 108  1


given vectors. If r is a vector such that r × b = c × b and cos θ = ±  =±
 3.54 2  2





r ⋅ a = 0, then the value of r ⋅ b is [JEE 2011 P-II] π 3π
Hence θ = ,







4 4
55. If a, b and c are unit vectors satisfying | a − b |2 +| b − c |2 +








2. (a) Vector laying in the plane of a and b is
| c − a |2 = 9, then 2a + 5b + 5c is. [JEE 2012 P-I]




1
r = λ1a + λ2b and its projection on c is
56. Consider the set of eight vectors V = {aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ; a, b, c 3
∈ {−1,1}}. Three non-coplanar vectors can be chosen from [iˆ − ˆj − kˆ] 1
⇒ [(λ1 + λ2 )iˆ − (2λ1 + λ2 ) ˆj + (λ1 + λ2 )kˆ] ⋅ =
p 3 3
V in 2 ways. Then p is. [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]



⇒ 2λ1 − λ2 = −1
57. Let a , b and c be three non-coplanar unit vectors such


π ⇒ r = (3λ1 + 1)iˆ − ˆj + (3λ1 + 1) kˆ
that the angle between every pair of them is . If
3 Hence the required vector is 4iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ








a × b + b × c = pa + qb + rc , where p, q and r are scalars, Alternate:
then the value of p 2 + 2q 2 + r 2 is _______




q2
Vector laying in the plane of a and b is a + λ b , and its

[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
1

projection on c is
58. Suppose that p, q and r are three non-coplanar vectors in 3





R3. Let the components of a vector s along p, q and r be (iˆ − ˆj − kˆ)  1
⇒  (1 + λ )iˆ + (2 − λ ) ˆj + (1 + λ )kˆ ⋅  =
4, 3 and 5, respectively. If the components of this vector  3  3











s along (− p + q + r ), ( p − q + r ) and (− p − q + r ) are x, y ⇒ λ = 3 Hence the required vector is 4iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ
and z, respectively, then the value of 2 x + y + z is
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-II] −λ 2 1 1




3. (c) 1 −λ 2 1 =0
59. Let a and b be two unit vectors such that a ⋅ b = 0. For 1 1 −λ 2







some x, y ∈ ℝ , let c = xa + yb + (a × b ). If | c |= 2 and


⇒ λ 6 − 3λ 2 − 2 = 0
the vector c is inclined at the same angle α to both a

⇒ (1 + λ 2 ) 2 (λ 2 − 2) = 0
and b, then the value of 8cos2 α is ______.
⇒ λ=± 2
[JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]
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Vector Algebra 305







3cosφ + 4cos φ 7
4. (b) Since a, b, c are unit vectors and a + b + c = 0, α= = cos φ



2 2
⇒ a, b, c represent an equilateral triangle.
P (4cos φ , 2sin φ )








⇒ a ×b = b ×c = c × a ≠ 0
M
Q (3cos φ ,0)
aˆ ⋅ aˆ aˆ ⋅ bˆ aˆ ⋅ cˆ
5. (a) Volume =| aˆ.(bˆ × cˆ) |= bˆ ⋅ aˆ bˆ ⋅ bˆ bˆ ⋅ cˆ
cˆ ⋅ aˆ cˆ ⋅ bˆ cˆ ⋅ cˆ
2
1 1/ 2 1/ 2 ⇒ cosφ = α β = sin φ
1 7 ,
= 1/ 2 1 1/ 2 = .
1/ 2 1/ 2 1
2 cos2 φ + sin2 φ = 1
4 2 4
⇒ α + β 2 = 1 ⇒ x 2 + y2 = 1
6. (a) | OP | = | aˆ cos t + bˆ sin t | 49 49
= (cos 2 t + sin 2 t + 2cos t sin t aˆ ⋅ bˆ)1/ 2 ⇒ latus rectum x = ±2 3
= (1 + 2cos t sin t aˆ ⋅ bˆ) 1/ 2 48 2 1
+ y = 1 ⇒ y = ± (±2 3, ±1/7).
49 7
= (1 + sin 2t aˆ ⋅ bˆ)1/ 2
11. (a) S (−3iˆ + 2 ˆj ) R(3iˆ + 2 ˆj )
π
∴ | OP |max = (1 + aˆ ⋅ bˆ)1/ 2 when, t =
4
aˆ + bˆ
uˆ = M
| aˆ + bˆ |
2
2 Q (4iˆ)
P (−2iˆ − ˆj )
aˆ + bˆ Evaluating midpoint of PR and QS which
⇒ uˆ = .
| aˆ + bˆ |
 iˆ 
gives M ≡  + ˆj  , same for both.
7. (d) z0 ≡ (1 + 2i) 2




z1 ≡ (6 + 5i ) PQ = SR = 6iˆ + ˆj
z2 ≡ (−6 + 7i). 


PS = QR = −iˆ + 3 ˆj







8. (c) (a × b ) ⋅ (c × d ) = 1 possible only when ⇒ PQ ⋅ PS ≠ 0

















| a × b |=| c × d |= 1and (a × b ) || (c × d ) PQ || SR, PS || QR and|PQ|=|SR|,|PS|=|QR|







Since a ⋅ c = 1/ 2 and b || d , then | c × d | ≠ 1. Hence, PQRS is a parallelogram but not rhombus or
rectangle.
9. (a) Any point on the line can be taken as 




Q ≡ {(1 − 3µ ), ( µ − 1), (5µ + 2)} 12. (b) AD = AB × ( AB × AD ) = 5(61iˆ − 10 ˆj − 21kˆ )



PQ = {−3µ − 2, µ − 3, 5µ − 4} | AD '⋅ AD | 17
⇒ cos α = 

=
| AD ' | | AD | 9
Now 1(−3µ − 2) − 4( µ − 3) + 3(5µ − 4) = 0



⇒ −3µ − 2 − 4µ + 12 + 15µ − 12 = 0


v.c 1
13. (c) v = a + λ b
=
8µ = 2 ⇒ µ = 1/ 4 |c| 3



1

10. (c) Normal is 4x secφ − 2ycos ecφ = 12 ⇒ (a + λ b).c = |c|
3
Q ≡ (3cos φ ,0)

| c
|



⇒ a.c + λ (b.c) =
M ≡ (α , β ) 3

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306 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1



| c | −a.c 1− 2 + 3 2
Height = proj. of PT on iˆ − ˆj + kˆ = =
3
1 − ( −1) 3 3
⇒ λ=
= =2
b.c 1



 2 
Volume = (5 3)   = 10 cu. units
∴ v = a + 2b + 2iˆ − ˆj + 3iˆ  3




14. (a,d) a = ˆi + ˆj + 2kˆ ⇒ b = ˆi + 2jˆ + kˆ ⇒ c = ˆi + ˆj + kˆ (3iˆ + 3kˆ) + (5iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ)



17. (c) Median through ' A ' is
Vector coplanar with a and b and perpendicular to c is 2
given by = 4iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ












c × (a × b) = (c.b)a − (c.a)b = 4a − 4b So, Length = 4 2 + 12 + 4 2 = 33





= 4(a − b) = 4(− j + k)









18. (b) [ a × b b × c c × a ] Let u = b × c
15. (c) a + b = 29






= ( a × b ) ⋅ {(b × c ) × ( c × a )}


a × 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ × b



= ( a × b ) ⋅ {u × ( c × a )}





a × 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ − 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ × b = 0 = ( a × b) ⋅ {u ⋅ a}c − (u ⋅ c )a }






a × 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ + b × 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ = 0 ( a × b ) ⋅ {bca ]c − [bcc ]a }





= [bca ][ abc ]
a + b × 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ = 0


[abc]2
a + b 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ sin θ n = 0 sin θ = 0 ⇒ λ =1







It means a + b and 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ are parallel. The angle 19. (a,b,c) a is in direction of x × ( y × z ) i.e.









a + b and 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4k will form same angle will be form ( x ⋅ z ) y − (x ⋅ y)z

by 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ & −7iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2 ˆj + 3k.

 1


⇒ a = λ1 2 × ( y − z ) 
 2 
Let θ is the angle between this pair then



a = λ1 ( y − z ) . . .(i)
2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ⋅ −7iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ






cos θ = Now a ⋅ y = λ1 ( y ⋅ y − y ⋅ z )
2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4k −7iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ


= λ1 (2 − 1) ⇒ λ1 = a ⋅ y . . .(ii)
− 14 + 6 − 12 4





cos θ = = From (i) and (ii), a = a ⋅ y ( y − z )
29 61 29 61





Now the possible value of Similarly, b = (b ⋅ z )( z − x )















a + b . − 7iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = a + b −7iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ cos θ Now, a ⋅ b = ( a ⋅ y )(b ⋅ z )[( y − z ) ⋅ ( z − x )]





4 = ( a ⋅ y )(b ⋅ z )[1 − 1 − 2 + 1]
= 29 61. =4




29 61 = −( a ⋅ y )(b ⋅ z ).
16. (c)



1



R Q 20. (a) (a × b ) × c = | b || c | a
3
T





1



(α , β , γ ) ⇒ −{(c.b )a − (c ⋅ a)b} = | b | | c | a
S P 3





1





iˆ ˆj kˆ ⇒ (c ⋅ a )b − (c ⋅ b )a = | b | | c | a
1 

1 3
Area of base (PQRS) = | PR × SQ |= 3 1 −2
2 2

1


1 −3 −4 ⇒ Equate, −(c ⋅ b ) = | b | | c |
3
1 1
= | −10iˆ + 10 ˆj − 10kˆ |= 5 | iˆ − ˆj + kˆ |= 5 3 ⇒ cosθ = −
2 3

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Vector Algebra 307



2 (b) v (uˆ × v ), wˆ
1 2 2
∴ sin θ = 1 − cos 2 θ = 1 −   =
3 3 λ
(c) u3 = 0 ⇒ u2vz =


6


21. (a,c,d) | b + c | = | a | λ





and −u1vz = ⇒ | u2 |=| u1 |
⇒ | b |2 + | c |2 = 2b ⋅ c = | a |2 6

(d) | u1 |= 2 | u3 | (∵ u2 = 0)
⇒ 48 + | c |2 + 48 = 144





⇒ |c |=4 3 24. (d) a = 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj and a = 3


| c |2





∴


− | a | = 12 Also, | a + b | = | c | ∴ a × b = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
2







⇒ | a ×b |= 3
⇒ | a |2 + | b |2 = 2a ⋅ b = | c |2









Now (a × b ) × c =| a × b || c | sin30 nˆ
⇒ a ⋅ b = − 72




1



⇒ | (a × b ) × c | = 3 ⋅ | c | ⋅
a +b +c = 0 2





1
⇒ a ×b = c ×a ⇒ 3= 3|c |⋅






2
⇒ | a × b + c × a | = 2 | a × b | = 48 3 ∴


| c |= 2





3

Now | c − a | = 3
22. (d) a × (b × c) = (b + c )


2 ⇒ c 2 + a 2 − 2c ⋅ a = 9









3
3
⇒ 4 + 9 − 2c ⋅ a = 9
(a.c )b − (a.b )c = b+ c


2 2 ⇒ c ⋅a = 2


3

3




Hence a.c = and a.b = − 25. (b) Clearly, u = λ(a × (a × b ))
2 2





2



3 3 ⇒ u = λ (( a ⋅ b ) a − a b )
a.b = − cosθ = −



2 2 ⇒ u = λ(2a −14b ) = 2λ{(2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ) − 7( ˆj + kˆ)}
5π

θ= ⇒ u = 2λ(2iˆ − 4 ˆj − 8kˆ)
6




23. (b,c) | uˆ × v |= 1 As, u ⋅ b = 24

| v | sin θ = 1 θ is angle between uˆ and v

⇒ 4λ(iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ) ⋅ ( ˆj + kˆ) = 24


Also wˆ .(uˆ × v ) = 1 ⇒ λ = −1






| wˆ || uˆ || v | sin θ cos α = 1 α is angle between ŵ and (uˆ × v ) So, u = −4(iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ) ⇒ u 2 = 336

1.1 (1) cos α = 1 26. (b) Vector perpendicular to plane containing the vectors
⇒ α = 0° iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ is parallel to vector


⇒ uˆ × v = λ wˆ where λ>0 iˆ ˆj kˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ = 1 1 1 = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
u1 u2 u3 1 2 3
vx vy vz
∴ Required magnitude of projection
λ ˆ ˆ (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ) ⋅ (iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ)
= (i + j + 2 kˆ )(u 2 v2 − u3 v y )iˆ + (u3 v x − u1v z ) ˆj + (u1v y − u 2 v x ) kˆ
6 =
| iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ |
λ ˆ ˆ
= (i + j + 2kˆ)
6 | 2 − 6 + 1| 3 3
= = =


| 6| 6 2
(a) v is a vector such that (uˆ × v ) is parallel to w
ˆ.

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308 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

iˆ ˆj kˆ






a.b

27. (d) a × b = 3 2 x = (2 + x)iˆ + ( x − 3) ˆj − 5k 30. (d) Projection of b on a =
=| a |
|a|
1 −1 1 b1 + b2 = 2 . . .(i)









| a × b |= 4 + x 2 + 4 x + x 2 + 9 − 6 x + 25 and (a + b ) ⊥ c ⇒ (a + b ).c = 0

= 2 x 2 − 2 x + 38 5b1 + b2 = −10 . . .(ii)

75 form (i) and (ii) b1= –3 and b2 = 5

⇒ | a × b |≥

then | b |= b1 + b2 + 2 = 6
2 2 2

3
⇒ | a × b |≥ 5 31. (b) 4iˆ + (3 − λ2 ) ˆj + 6kˆ = 4iˆ + 2λ1 ˆj + 6kˆ
2
⇒ 3 − λ2 = 2λ1 ⇒ 2λ1 + λ2 = 3 . . . (i)
28. (d)



Given a.c = 0
⇒ 6 + 6λ1 + 3(λ3 − 1) = 0
P ( 3, 1)
⇒ 2λ1 + λ3 = −1 . . . (ii)
O T
Now (λ1 , λ2 , λ3 )
= (λ1 ,3 − 2λ1 , −1, −2λ1 )
Given x2 + y2 = 4
Now check the options, option (b) is correct
equation of tangent
⇒ 3x + y = 4 . . . (i) 32. (c) Let point A is


Equation of normal r = (1 − 3µ )iˆ + ( µ − 1) ˆj + (2 + 5µ )kˆ
x − 3y = 0 . . . (ii) and point B is (3, 2, –6)


 4  then AB = (2 + 3µ )iˆ + (3 − µ ) ˆj + (4 − 5µ )kˆ
Coordinate of T  ,0 
 3  which is parallel to the plane x – 4y + 3z =1
2 ∴ 2 + 3µ − 12 + 4µ + 12 − 15µ = 0
∴ Area of triangle =
3 1
8µ = 2 µ =



4
29. (a) a × c = −b









( a × c ) × a = −b × a 33. (d) α = (λ − 2)a + b









⇒ (a × c ) × a = a × b β = (4λ − 2) a + 3b








λ −2 1
⇒ ( a ⋅ a )c − (c ⋅ a ) a = a × b =




2λ − 2 3
⇒ 2c − 4a = a × b
3λ − 6 = 4λ − 2 λ = − 4
iˆ ˆj kˆ



34. (c) [ a
b c
] = 0
New a × b = 1 −1 0 = −iˆ − ˆj + 2 k
1 1 1 1 2 4

⇒ 1 λ 4 =0
So, 2c − 4iˆ − 4 ˆj − iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ = 3iˆ − 5 ˆj + 2iˆ 2 4 λ2 −1

3 5
c = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ⇒ λ3 – 2λ2 – 9λ + 18 = 0
2 2
⇒ λ2(λ – 2) – 9(λ – 2) = 0

9 25 38 19 ⇒ (λ – 3)( λ + 3)( λ – 2) = 0
| c |2 = + +1 = =
4 4 4 2
⇒ λ = 2, 3, –3

19


| c |2 = So, λ = 2(as a is parallel to c for λ = ±3 )
2

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Vector Algebra 309

iˆ ˆj kˆ 39. (a)


(A) 2sin θ + 4sin θ cos θ = 2
2 2 2
Hence a × c = 1 2 4
2 4 3 sin 2 θ + 2 sin 2 θ (1 − sin 2 θ ) = 1
1
= − 10 iˆ + 5 ˆj 3sin 2 θ − 2 sin 4 θ − 1 = 0 ⇒ sin θ = ± ±1
2,
35. (b) Angle bisector is x – y = 0 π π
⇒ θ= , .
| β − (1 − β ) | 3 4 2
⇒ =
2 2 3x
(B) Let y =
⇒ | 2 β − 1|= 3 π
⇒ β = 2 or –1 1 π 
⇒ ≤ y ≤ ∀x ∈  , π 
2 6 
µ 1 1
Now f(y) = [2 y]cos[ y]
36. (c) 1 µ 1 =0
1 3
1 1 µ y = , y = 1, y = , y = 3
Critical points are y 2 2
µ(µ2 – 1) –1(µ – 1) + 1(1 – µ) = 0
 π π π 
µ3 – µ – µ + 1 + 1 µ = 0 ⇒ points of discontinuity  , , , π  .
6 3 2 
µ3 – 3µ + 2 = 0
1 1 0
µ3 – 1 – 3(µ – 1) = 0
(C) 1 2 0 = π ⇒ volume of parallelepiped = π
µ = 1, µ2 + µ – 2 = 0
µ = 1, µ = –2 1 1 π
sum of distinct solutions = –1


(D) | a + b |= 3



37. (a) OP × OQ = (iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ) × (2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ) ⇒ 2 + 2cos α = 3
⇒ 2 + 2 cos α = 3
5iˆ − ˆj − 3kˆ
π
O(0,0,0) ⇒ α= .
3

40. (a)
x y z
Q (1,2,1) R(–1,1,2) (A) Let the line be = = intersects the lines
a b c
⇒ S.D = 0 ⇒ a + 3b + 5c = 0 and
Q (2,1,3)
3a + b − 5c = 0



PQ × PR = (iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ) × (−2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ) ⇒ a : b : c :: 5r : −5r : 2r
on solving with given lines we get points of intersection
iˆ − 5 ˆj − 3kˆ
 10 10 8 
5+5+9 19 P ≡ (5, −5, 2) and Q ≡  , − , 
cos θ = =  3 3 3
( 25 + 9 + 1) 2
35
⇒ PQ 2 = d 2 = 6.






1
(B) tan −1 ( x + 3) − tan −1 ( x − 3) = sin −1 (3/ 5)
38. (b) (a.c )b − (a.b ).c = b ,
2 ( x + 3) − ( x − 3) 3 6 3


⇒ tan −1 = tan −1 ⇒ 2 =
∵ b and c are linearly independent 1 + ( x 2 − 9) 4 x −8 4


1

∴ x2 − 8 = 8 or x = ±4.
∴ a.b = and a.b = 0
2





(C) As a = µ b + 4c ⇒ µ (| b |) = −4b ⋅ c
(All given vectors are unit vectors)

2












∴ a ^ c = 60º & a ^ b = 90º and | b |2 = 4a ⋅ c and | b | +b ⋅ c − d ⋅ c = 0





∴ |α – β| = 30° Again, 2| b + c |=| b − a | as

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310 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics



2 joining 0 and 1
Solving and eliminating b ⋅ c and eliminating | a |

π
we get (2µ −10µ ) | b | = 0 ⇒ µ = 0 and 5.
2 2 ⇒ maximum arg u approaches but will not attain.
2
x x
2 sin9( x / 2) 2 sin9( x / 2)


π −∫π sin( x / 2)
(D) I = dx = × 2∫ dx 42. (a) (A) [ a b c ] = 2
π 0 sin( x / 2)









[2 a × b 3b × c c + a ] = 6[ a b c ]2 = 6 × 4 = 24
x / 2 = θ ⇒ dx = 2dθ x = 0,θ = 0



2
x =π θ =π /2 (B) a b c  = 5
 
π /2









8 sin 9θ 6[ a + b b + c c + a ] = 12[ a b c ] = 60
I=
π ∫
0
sin θ
dθ
1


(C) | a × b |= 20
π /2
8 (sin 9θ − sin 7θ ) (sin 7θ − sin 5θ ) 2
=
π ∫ sin θ
+
sin θ 1




0 | (2a + 3b ) × ( a − b ) |
(sin 5θ − sin 3θ ) (sin 3θ − sin θ ) sin θ 2
+ + + dθ 1




sin θ sin θ sin θ | −2( a × b ) − 3( a × b ) |
π /2 π /2 2
16 8
=
π ∫ (cos8θ + cos 6θ + cos 4θ + cos 2θ + 1)dθ + π ∫ dθ
0 0
5
× 40 = 100
2
16  sin 8θ sin 6θ sin 4θ sin 2θ  8 π / 2


= + + + + [θ ]0 (D) | a × b |= 30
π  8 6 4 2  π


⇒ | ( a
+ b ) × a
|=| b × a
|= 30
8 π 
= 0+ × − 0 = 4
π  2  43. (a) (A) y = cos(3cos −1 x )




3sin(3cos −1 x )
41. (a) (A) a − b = 1 + 3 = 2 | a |= b, | b |= 2 y′ =
1 − x2
2 1
cos θ = =
2× 2 2 1 − x 2 y′ = 3sin(3cos −1 x)
π 2π 2π −x −3
θ= , but its as its opposite to side of maximum ⇒ y′ + 1 − x 2 y′′ = 3cos(3cos −1 x).
3 3 3 1− x 2
1 − x2
length. ⇒ − xy ′ + (1 − x 2 ) y ′′ = −9 y
b

∫ (f (x) − 3x) dx = a − b2
2 1 2
(B) ⇒ [ x − 1) y ''+ xy '] = 9
a y
−a 2 + b 2
b
3 2 2 2π
∫a = − + − =
2 2
f (x)dx (b a ) a b (B) ( ak × ak +1 ) = r 2 sin
2 2 n
⇒ f (x) = x. 2π
ak ⋅ ak +1 = r 2 cos
n
π 2  ln (sec π x + tan π x) 7 / 6 
5/ 6
n −1 n −1
 


(C)
ln 3  π  ⇒ ∑a k × ak +1 = ∑a k ⋅ ak +1
  k =1 k =1

π  5π 5π 7π 7π  2π 2π
⇒ r 2 ( n − 1)sin = r 2 ( n − 1) cos
=  ln sec + tan − ln sec + tan =π n n
ln 3  6 6 6 6 
2π
1 1 tan =1
(D) Let u = ⇒ z = 1− n
1− z u
2π π
1 ⇒ =
| z |= 1 ⇒ 1 − =1 n 4
2
⇒ n = 8.
⇒ | u − 1|=| u |
h 2 12
∴ locus of u is perpendicular bisector of line segment (C) + = 1, h = ±2
6 3

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 Vector Algebra 311
2x y 45. (a) (A)
Tangent at (2, 1) is + = 1x + y = 3. y−x=0
6 3 Y (1, 3)
 1  1 2
(D) tan −1   + tan
−1
= tan −1 2 X ( 3,1)
 2x +1  4x + 1 x
Z ( β ,1 − β )
 3x + 1 
−1 −1 2
tan  2  = tan 2
 4 x + 3x  x
⇒ 3x 2 − 7 x − 6 = 0 x + y =1
2 c2
x = − ,3. a2 − b2 = (given)
3 2
4R2
3α + β 4 R 2 (sin 2 X − sin 2 Y ) = sin 2 ( Z )
44. (a) (A) = 3 2
2
⇒ 2(sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( X + Y ) = sin 2 ( Z )
3α + β = ± 2 3 . . .(i)
⇒ 2 ⋅ sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( Z ) = sin 2 ( Z )
Given α = 2 + 3β . . .(ii) sin( X − Y ) 1
⇒ = =λ
From equation (i) and (ii), we get α = 2 or − 1 sin Z 2
So, |α| = 1 or 2  nπ 
⇒ cos   = 0 for n = odd integer.
 2 
−3ax 2 − 2, x < 1
(B) f ( x) =  (B) 1 + cos 2 X − 2 cos 2Y = 2 sin X sin Y
 bx + a , x ≥ 1
2

sin 2 X + sin X sin Y − 2sin 2 Y = 0

For continuity −3a − 2 = b + a 2
(sin X − sin Y )(sin X + 2sin Y ) = 0
a 2 + 3a + 2 = −b . . .(i)
⇒ sin X = sin Y
For differentiability −6a = b
sin X a
6 a = −b ⇒ = = 1.
sin Y b
a 2 − 3a + 2 = 0 (C) Here, distance of Z from bisector of
a = 1, 2 

3
OX and OY =
(C) (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 =0 2
2 2
2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0  1  1 9
⇒ β −  +β −  =
(3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (ω (2ω 2 + 3 − 3ω )) 4 n + 3 + (ω 2 (−3ω + 2ω 2 + 3) 4 n + 3 
=0 2   2  2
⇒ β = 2, −1
ω 2 + 3 − 3ω )) 4 n + 3 + (ω 2 ( −3ω + 2ω 2 + 3) 4 n + 3 = 0
⇒ | β | = 2,1
⇒ (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (1 + ω 4 n + ω 8 n ) = 0
2 8 2
⇒ n ≠ 3k , (n should not be a multiple of 3) (D) When α = 0 Area = 6 − ∫ 2 x dx = 6 −
0 3
(D) Let a = 5 − d
When α = 1
q = 5+d 1 2
Area = ∫ (3 − x − 2 x ) dx + ∫ ( x + 1 − 2 x ) dx
b = 5 + 2d 0 1

1 2
| q − a | = | 2d | x2 4 3 / 2 x2 4
= 3x − − x + + x − x3 / 2
2 ab ab 2 3 0
2 3 1
Given =4; =2
a+b a+b 8
= 5− 2.
(5 − d )(5 + 2d ) = 2(5 − d + 5 + 2 d ) = 2(10 + d ) 3



25 + 10d − 5d − 2d 2 = 20 + 2d 2d 2 − 3d − 5 = 0 46. (c) Since PQ || TR




d = −1, d =
5
| 2 d | = 2, 5 ∴ TR is resultant of SR and ST vector.
2

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312 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics




⇒ PQ × (RS + ST ) ≠ 0 ⇒ p=q=4
T S ⇒ p + 2q = 12
a12 = pα12 + qβ12
U R = pα10α2 + qβ10 ⋅β2
= pα10 ( α + 1) + qβ10 ( β + 1)
= ( p α 11 + q β11 ) + ( p α 10 + q β10 )
T S



= a11 + a10 .
But for statement 2, we have PQ × RS ≠ 0


For 51 to 52
which is not possible as PQ || RS (b, c)
Hence statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false.
W
For 47 to 48 N
(3,4)
(c, a) Y


P C


OR × RP X
OX × OY = 

O
QR RP M Z

= sin ( π − R )
= sin ( P + Q) = cos ( P + Q) + cos ( Q + R ) + cos ( R + P) (A) 2r = MN = 3 + 32 + 42 + 4 = 12
= − cos R − cos P − cos Q ⇒ r=6
4
 P Q R  1 centre C of circle C3 lies on y = x
= − 1 + 4sin sin sin  ≥ − 1 + 4 ⋅  3
 2 2 2   8
 4 
3 Let C  h, h 
minimum value = − .  3 
2
For 49 to 50 12
OC = MC − OM = −3= 3
2
1± 5
(a,b) α, β =
2 16 2
∴ h2 + h =3
α2 − α −1 = 0 9
5h
α 4 = ( α + 1) ⇒ =3
2
⇒
3
⇒ α 4 = α 2 + 2α + 1 9 4 12
⇒ h= k = h=
⇒ α 4 = α + 1 + 2α + 1 5 3 5
⇒ α 4 = α + 1 + 2α + 1 18 12
∴ 2h + k = + = 6
⇒ α4 = 3α + 2 ...(i) 5 5
(B) Equation of line ZW C1 = C2
∴ a 4 = 24
⇒ 3x + 4 y = 9
⇒ pα4 + qβ4 = 28
| −9 | 9
p ( 3α + 2) + q ( 3β + 2) = 28 Distance of ZW from (0, 0) =
⇒ 3 +4
2 2 5
 1+ 5    1− 5   2
⇒ p  3   + 2  + q  3   + 2  = 28 9 24
 Length of XY = 2 32 −   =
  2     2   5 5

( ) (
⇒ p 7 + 3 5 + q 7 − 3 5 = 56 ) Distance of ZW from C
3× 9 12
+ 4× −9
⇒ 7 ( p + q ) + ( p − q ) 3 5 = 56 5 5 6
=
⇒ p + q = 8, p − q = 0 3 +4 5
2 2

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Vector Algebra 313

6 2 24 6

2

2

2
Length of ZW = 2 62 − = 55. (3) a − b + b − c + c − a = 9
52 5







lengthof ZW ⇒ 2 − 2a ⋅ b + 2 − 2 b ⋅ c + 2 − 2 c ⋅ a = 9
∴ = 6
lengthof XY 3






⇒ − = a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅ a . . .(i)
2
1 1  72 6


2
(C) Area of ∆MZN = .NM  ZW  =
2 2  5 Now, | a + b + c | ≥ 0







1
Area of ∆ZMW = .ZW (OM + OP) ⇒ 1 +1+ 1+ 2 a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a ≥ 0
2






3
1 24 6  9  28 8 6 ⇒ a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅a ≥ − . . .(ii)
= . 3 +  = 2
2 5  5 25 Equation (i) and (ii) are simultaneously true
Area of ∆MZN 5





1
∴ = If a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ a ≥ −
Area of ∆ZMW 4 2
−1 3


2
(D) Slop of tangent of C1 at M = =− Now, 2a + 5b + 5c
4/3 4







∴ Equation of tangent y = mx − 3 1 + m 2 = 4 + 25 + 25 + 20 a ⋅ b + 50b ⋅ c + 20(a ⋅ c )
= 54 − 10 − 25 − 10 = 9
3 9
y = − x − 3 1+



4 16 ⇒ 2a + 5b + 5c = 3
−3 x 15 56. (5) Let (1,1,1), ( −1,1,1), (1, −1,1), ( −1, −1, −1) be vectors
y= −
4 4








4y a , b , c , d rest of the vectors are −a, −b , −c , −d and let us
⇒ x = − −5 . . . (i)
3 find the number of ways of selecting co-planar vectors.
Tangent to x 2 = 4(2α ) y is Observe that out of any 3 coplanar vectors two will be
collinear (anti parallel).
2α
x = m' y + . . .(ii) Number of ways of selecting the anti parallel pair = 4
m'
Number of ways of selecting the third vector = 6
Compare (i) and (ii)
Total = 24
4 2α 10
m ' = − and = −5 ⇒ α = Number of non co-planar selections
3 m' 3



2







2
= 8C3 − 24 = 32 = 25 , p = 5
53. (5) E = (2a + b ) ⋅  2 | b | a − 2(a ⋅ b )b − (a ⋅ b )a + | a | b 
8× 6× 4
Alternate Solution: Required value =


2−2 3!
a ⋅b = =0
70 ∴ p=5









| a |= 1 | b |= 1



57. (4) | a | = | b | = | c | = 1 a × b + b × c = pa + qb + rc








a ⋅b = 0


a ⋅ (b × c ) = p + q ( a ⋅ b ) + r ( a ⋅ c )







E = (2a + b ) ⋅ [2 | b |2 a+ | a |2 b ]


1









And [a b c ] =
= 4 | a |2 | b |2 + | a |2 (a ⋅ b) + 2 | b |2 (b ⋅ a)+ | a |2 | b |2 2


q r



= 5| a |2 | b |2 = 5 p + + = [a b c ] . . .(i)




2 2
54. (9) r × b = c × b taking cross with a






p r
+q+ =0
a × (r × b) = a × (c × b) 2 2
. . .(ii)










(a ⋅ b)r − (a ⋅ r)b = a × (c × b) p q



+ + r = [a b c ] . . .(iii)

2 2
⇒ r = −3iˆ + 6jˆ + 3kˆ


p 2 + 2q 2 + r 2
r ⋅ b = 3 + 6 = 9. ⇒ p = r = −q =4
q2

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314 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics





58. (9) s = 4 p + 3q + 5r 60. (0.50)










Y
s = x(− p + q + r ) + y ( p − q + r ) + z ( − p − q + r ) Q(0,1,0)





s = (− x + y − z ) p + ( x − y − z )q + ( x + y + z )r S T
(1,1,1)
⇒ −x + y − z = 4 1 1 1
 , , 
O 2 2 2
X
⇒ x− y−z =3 P(1,0,0)

⇒ x+ y+z =5 Z
R(0,0,1)

On solving we get


1 1 1 1
ˆj − kˆ = (iˆ − ˆj − kˆ )
9 7 p = SP = iiˆ −
x = 4, y = , z = − 2 2 2 2
2 2


1 
1
⇒ 2x + y + z = 9

q = SQ = ( −iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) r
= SR = ( −iˆ − ˆj + kˆ )

2 2





59. (3) c = xa + yb + (a × b ) . . . (i) ˆi ˆj kˆ









1

1 1
c.a = x + yb.a + (a × b ).a t = ST = (iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) p × q = 1 −1 −1 = (iˆ + ˆj )
2 4 2
⇒ x = 2 cos α
−1 1 −1








ˆj kˆ
Also, c.b = xa.b + y | b | +(a × b ).b
2
iˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ


1 1 1
⇒ y = 2cos α r × t = −1 −1 1 = −1 −1 1 = ( −iˆ + ˆj )
4 4 2
Squaring (i); 1 1 1 0 0 2




| c |2 = x2 + y2 + | a × b |2

1 1 1



( )
( p × q ) × ( r × t ) = (iˆ + ˆj ) × ( −iˆ + ˆj ) = × 2 kˆ = kˆ
4 4 2
8cos α = 3
2
1





( p × q ) × ( r × t ) = = 0.50
2

  

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Three Dimensional Geometry 315

23 Three Dimensional Geometry

−1
QUICK LOOK Hence, u 2 = x 2 + y 2 and φ = tan ( y / x) .
Cylindrical co-ordinates of P ≡ (u , φ , u )
The planes XOY , YOZ and ZOX are known as xy-plane,
yz-plane and zx-plane respectively. Let P be a point in space
Spherical polar co-ordinates: The measures of quantities
and distances of P from yz, zx and xy-planes be x, y, z r , θ , φ are known as spherical or three dimensional polar
respectively (with proper signs), then we say that co-ordinates co-ordinates of the point P. If the rectangular cartesian
of P are (x, y, z). Also OA = x, OB = y, OC = z. The three co- co-ordinates of P are (x, y, z) then
ordinate planes (XOY, YOZ and ZOX) divide space into eight z = r cosθ, u = r sinθ
parts and these parts are called octants. ∴ x = u cosφ = r sinθ cosφ, y = u sinφ = r sinθ sinφ and z = r cosθ
Z
Z u x2 + y2 y
Also r = x + y + z and tan θ = = ; tan φ =
2 2 2 2
C E z z x
Y′
k
F j P(x, y, z) X′ O Note
X
O Y
B
The co-ordinates of a point on xy-plane is (x, y, 0), on
i
A D Y yz-plane is (0, y, z) and on zx-plane is (x, 0, z)
Z′
The co-ordinates of a point on x-axis is (x, 0, 0), on y-axis is
Figure 23.1 Figure 23.2 (0, y, 0) and on z-axis is (0, 0, z)

The following table shows the signs of co-ordinates of points in
Position vector of a point: Let iˆ, ˆj, kˆ be unit vectors along
various octants: OX, OY and OZ respectively. Then position vector of a




Table: 23.1 point P(x, y, z) is OP = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ .
Octant co-ordinate OXYZ OX′YZ OXY′Z OX′Y′Z
x + – + – Distance Formula.
y + + – –
Distance formula: The distance between two points
z + + + +
A( x1, y1, z1 ) and B( x2 , y2 , z2 ) is given by AB =
Octant co-ordinate OXYZ′ OX′YZ′ OXY′Z′ OX′Y′Z′
x + – + – AB = [( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 + ( z2 − z1 )2 ]
y + + – –

Distance from origin: Let O be the origin and P ( x, y , z )
z – – – –

be any point, then OP = ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) .

Other Methods of Defining the Position of any Point P in
Space Distance of a point from co-ordinate axes
Z

Cylindrical co-ordinates
C
Z P(x,y,z)
Y
P(x, y, z)
(u, φ, z)
r O A
(r, θ, φ) X
θ B
O N
X′ φ X Y
Figure 23.4
u
Let P ( x, y , z ) be any point in the space. Let PA, PB and PC be
Y′ Z′ N (x, y, 0)
Figure 23.3 the perpendiculars drawn from P to the axes OX, OY and OZ

If the rectangular cartesian co-ordinates of P are ( x, y, z ), respectively. Then, PA = ( y 2 + z 2 )
then those of N are (x, y, 0) and we can easily have the
PB = ( z 2 + x 2 ) PC = ( x2 + y 2 )
following relations: x = u cosφ, y = u sinφ and z = z.

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 316 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Section Formulas
Let A( x1 , y1 , z1 ), B ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 , z3 ) be the

Section formula for internal division vertices of a triangle, then
P(x1,y1,z1)
y1 z1 1 x1 z1 1 x1 y1 1
Z 1 1 1
∆x = y2 z2 1 , ∆ y = x2 z2 1 , ∆ z = x2 y2 1
m1 R(x,y,z) 2 2 2
 y3 z3 1 x3 z3 1 x3 y3 1
r1 r2  m2
Q(x2,y2,z2)
r3
Now, area of ∆ABC is given by the relation ∆ = ∆ 2x + ∆ 2y + ∆ 2z .
Y
O
X Figure 23.5 iˆ ˆj kˆ
1





 1
Also, ∆ = | AB × AC | = x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z 2 − z1
2 2
Let P ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 , z2 ) be two points. Let R be a x3 − x1 y3 − y1 z3 − z1
point on the line segment joining P and Q such that it
divides the join of P and Q internally in the ratio m1 : m2 .
Condition of collinearity: Points A( x1 , y1 , z1 ), B ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) ,
Then the co-ordinates of R are C ( x3 , y3 , z3 ) are collinear
 m1x2 + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1 m1z2 + m2 z1  x1 − x2 y1 − y2 z1 − z2
 , ,  If = =
 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m1 + m2  x2 − x3 y2 − y3 z2 − z3

Section formula for external division Volume of Tetrahedron

Let P( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 , z2 ) be two points, and let R be B

a point on PQ produced, dividing it externally in the ratio A P

m1 : m2 ( m1 ≠ m2 ). Then the co-ordinates of R are γ
O β
Y
 m1 x2 − m2 x1 m1 y2 − m2 y1 m1z2 − m2 z1  α
 , , .
 m1 − m2 m1 − m2 m1 − m2  X
Figure 23.7
Triangle Volume of tetrahedron with
Co-ordinates of the centroid x1 y1 z1 1

If ( x1 , y1 , z1 ), ( x2 , y2 , z 2 ) and ( x3 , y3 , z3 ) are the vertices of a 1 x2 y2 z2 1
vertices ( xr , yr , zr ); r = 1, 2, 3, 4, is V =
triangle, then co-ordinates of its centroid are 6 x3 y3 z3 1
 x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 z1 + z2 + z3  x4 y4 z4 1
 , , .
 3 3 3 
Direction cosines and Direction ratio

If ( xr , yr , z r ) ; r = 1, 2, 3, 4, are vertices of a tetrahedron,
Direction cosines: The cosines of the angle made by a line in
then co-ordinates of its centroid are anticlockwise direction with positive direction of co-ordinate
 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 z1 + z2 + z3 + z4  . axes are called the direction cosines of that line. If α, β , γ be the
 , , 
 4 4 4  angles which a given directed line makes with the positive

If G (α, β , γ) is the centroid of ∆ABC, where A is ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) , direction of the x, y, z co-ordinate axes respectively, then cosα,
B is ( x2 , y2 , z 2 ) , then C is (3α − x1 − x2 ,3β − y1 − y2 ,3. γ − z1 − z2 )cosβ , cosγ are called the direction cosines of the given line and
are generally denoted by l, m, n respectively.
x2 ,3β − y1 − y2 ,3γ − z1 − z2 )

Area of triangle
Thus, l = cos α , m = cos β and n = cos γ .
A(x1,y1,z1)

By definition, it follows that the direction cosine of the axis of x

are respectively cos 0°, cos 90°, cos 90° i.e. (1, 0, 0). Similarly
direction cosines of the axes of y and z are respectively (0, 1, 0)
B(x2,y2,z2) C(x3,y3,z3) and (0, 0, 1).
Figure 23.6

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Three Dimensional Geometry 317

Relation between the direction cosines 




If P ( x, y, z ) be a point in space such that r = OP has
Z   
d.c.’s l, m, n then x = l | r |, y = m | r |, z = n | r | .
C
P(x,y,z) 

Projection of a vector r on the co-ordinate axes are
z   
γ l | r |, m | r |, n | r | .
β
O Y   
y
x α B
r = | r | (liˆ + mjˆ + nkˆ) and r = liˆ + mjˆ + nkˆ
A
X
Figure 23.8 Direction ratio: Three numbers which are proportional to the
Let OP be any line through the origin O which has direction direction cosines of a line are called the direction ratio of that
cosines l, m, n. Let P = ( x, y, z ) and OP = r. Then line. If a, b, c are three numbers proportional to direction
cosines l, m, n of a line, then a, b, c are called its direction
OP 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = r 2 . . . (i)
ratios. They are also called direction numbers or direction
From P draw PA, PB, PC perpendicular on the co-ordinate components.
axes, so that OA = x, OB = y, OC = z. l m n
Also, ∠POA = α , ∠POB = β and ∠ POC = γ . Hence by definition, we have = = = k (say) ⇒ l = ak, m
a b c
x = bk, n = ck
From triangle AOP, l = cosα = ⇒ x = lr
r ⇒ l + m + n = (a + b + c ) = k
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Similarly y = mr and z = nr.

1
Hence from (i), r 2 (l 2 + m 2 + n 2 ) = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = r 2 ⇒ k =±
a + b2 + c2
2

⇒ l + m + n =1
2 2 2
a b c
l=± ,m=± ,n=±
or, cos α + cos β + cos γ = 1
2 2 2
a +b +c
2 2 2
a +b +c 2
a + b2 + c2
2 2 2

or, sin α + sin β + sin γ = 2

2 2 2
where the sign should be taken all positive or all negative.

Note
Note: Direction ratios are not uniques, whereas d.c.’s are

If OP = r and the co-ordinates of point P be ( x, y , z ) then
unique. i.e., a 2 + b2 + c 2 ≠ 1
x y z
d.c.’s of line OP are, , .
r r r 

Let r = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ be a vector. Then its d.r.’s are a, b, c
 a b c

Direction cosines of r = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ are  ,  ,  . If a vector r has d.r.’s a, b, c then
|r | |r | |r | 
 |r |

Since −1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1, ∀x ∈ R , hence values of l, m, n are r= (aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ )
such real numbers which are not less than −1 and not a 2 + b2 + c2
greater than 1. Hence d.c.'s ∈ [ −1,1] .
D.c.’s and d.r.’s of a line joining two points
Z Q(x2,y2,z2)

The direction cosines of a line parallel to any co-ordinate axis
are equal to the direction cosines of the co-ordinate axis.
P(x1,y1,z1)

The number of lines which are equally inclined to the
Y
co-ordinate axes is 4.

If l, m, n are the d.c.’s of a line, then the maximum value of X
1 Figure 23.9
lmn = .
3 3 The direction ratios of line PQ joining P( x1, y1, z1 ) and

The angles α , β , γ are called the direction angles of line AB.
Q ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) are x2 − x1 = a, y2 − y1 = b and z 2 − z1 = c (say).

The d.c.’s of line BA are cos(π − α ), cos(π − β ), and Then direction cosines are,
cos(π − γ ) i.e., − cosα , − cos β , − cos γ ( x2 − x1 ) ( y2 − y1 ) ( z2 − z1 )
l= ,m = ,n =

Angles α , β , γ are not coplanar. ∑( x2 − x1 ) 2
∑( x2 − x1 ) 2 ∑( x2 − x1 ) 2

α + β + γ is not equal to 360° as these angles do not lie in x2 − x1 y −y z −z
i.e., l = ,m = 2 1 ,n = 2 1 .
same plane. PQ PQ PQ

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318 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Projection
If P is a point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) then projection of OP on a line

Projection of a point on a line whose direction cosines are l , m, n is l1 x1 + m1 y1 + n1 z1 ,
P
where O is the origin.

If l1 , m1 , n1 and l2 , m2 , n2 are the d.c.’s of two concurrent
lines, then the d.c.’s of the lines bisecting the angles
A
N
B between them are proportional to l1 ± l2 , m1 ± m2 , n1 ± n2 .
Figure 23.10 Angle between Two Lines
The projection of a point P on a line AB is the foot N of the Cartesian Form
perpendicular PN from P on the line AB.N is also the same C

point where the line AB meets the plane through P and

B
perpendicular to AB.

Projection of a segment of a line on another line and its θ
length A
Figure 23.14
B
θ Let θ be the angle between two straight lines AB and AC whose
A N
C D direction cosines are l1 , m1 , n1 and l2 , m2 , n2 respectively, is
A′ B′
given by cos θ = l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 . If direction ratios of two
Figure 23.11 lines a1 , b1 , c1 and a2 , b2 , c2 are given, then angle between two
The projection of the segment AB of a given line on another lines is given by
line CD is the segment A′B′ of CD where A′ and B′ are the a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
cosθ = .
projections of the points A and B on the line CD. The length of a1 + b12 + c12 . a22 + b22 + c22
2

the projection A′B′.
Condition of perpendicularity: If the given lines are

A′B ′ = AN = AB cos θ perpendicular, then θ = 90° i.e. cos θ = 0
Projection of a line joining the points P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, ⇒ l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 = 0 or a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
y2, z2) on another line whose direction cosines are l, m and n:
Condition of parallelism: If the given lines are parallel,
Let PQ be a line segment where P ≡ ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and then θ = 0° i.e. sin θ = 0
Q = ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) and AB be a given line with d.c.’s as l, m, n. If
⇒ (l1m2 − l2m1 ) + (m1n2 − m2n1 ) + (n1l2 − n2l1 ) = 0 , which is
2 2 2

the line segment PQ makes angle θ with the line AB, then
true, only when
Q
Z K M l1m2 − l2 m1 = 0, m1n2 − m2 n1 = 0 and n1l2 − n2l1 = 0
P θ
N′ l1 m1 n1 a b c
P
Q ⇒ = = . Similarly, 1 = 1 = 1 .
N l2 m2 n2 a2 b2 c2
M K′
O X
A B
P′ Q′
Y The Straight Line
Figure 23.12 Figure 23.13 Straight Line in Space: Every equation of the first degree
represents a plane. Two equations of the first degree are
Projection of PQ is P ′Q′ = PQ cos θ
satisfied by the co-ordinates of every point on the line of
= ( x2 − x1 ) cos α + ( y2 − y1 ) cos β + ( z2 − z1 ) cos γ intersection of the planes represented by them. Therefore, the
= ( x2 − x1 )l + ( y2 − y1 ) m + ( z2 − z1 )n two equations together represent that line. Therefore
Note ax + by + cz + d = 0 and a′x + b′y + c′z + d ′ = 0 together

For x-axis, l = 1, m = 0, n = 0 represent a straight line.
Hence, projection of PQ on x-axis = x2 − x1 , Projection of
Equation of a Line Passing Through a Given Point
PQ on y-axis = y2 − y1 and Projection of PQ on z-axis
Cartesian form or symmetrical form
= z2 − z1

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Three Dimensional Geometry 319

Z b Angle between Two Lines: Let the cartesian equations of the
 
A( a ) P (r ) two lines be
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1

r = = . . .(i)
a1 b1 c1
O Y
x − x2 y − y2 z − z 2
and = = . . .(ii)
X a2 b2 c2
Figure 23.15
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
Cartesian equation of a straight line passing through a fixed cos θ =
point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and having direction ratios a, b, c is a + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
2
1

Condition of perpendicularity: If the lines are

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= = . perpendicular, then a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
a b c

Vector form: Vector equation of a straight line passing
Condition of parallelism: If the lines are parallel, then
through a fixed point with position vector a and parallel to a a1 b1 c1
  = = .
  a2 b2 c2
given vector b is r = a + λ b .

Equation of Line Passing through Two Given Points.

Reduction of Cartesian Form of the Equation of a Line to

Cartesian form: If A( x1, y1 , z1 ), B( x2 , y2 , z2 ) be two given Vector Form and Vice Versa.
points, the equations to the line AB are
Cartesian to vector: Let the Cartesian equation of a line be
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= = = = . . .(i)
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 a b c
The co-ordinates of a variable point on AB can be expressed This is the equation of a line passing through the point
in terms of a parameter λ in the form A( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and having direction ratios a, b, c. In vector
λ x2 + x1 λy + y λz + z form this means that the line passes through point having
x= ,y = 2 1 ,z = 2 1 
λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 position vector a = x1iˆ + y1 ˆj + z1kˆ and is parallel to the
λ being any real number different from –1. In fact, (x, y, z) 
vector m = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ. Thus, the vector form of (i) is
are the co-ordinates of the point which divides the join of A
   
and B in the ratio λ : 1. r = a + λ m or r = ( x1iˆ + y1 ˆj + z1kˆ) + λ (aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ) , where

Vector form : The vector equation of a line passing through λ is a parameter.
 
two points with position vectors a and b is
   
Vector to cartesian: Let the vector equation of a line be
r = a + λ (b − a )   
Z
r = a + λm . . .(ii)
 

A(a ) B(b )

P( r ) Where a = x1iˆ + y1 ˆj + z1kˆ, m = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ and λ is a
parameter.


O Y To reduce (ii) to Cartesian form we put r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ and
equate the coefficients of iˆ, ˆj and k̂ as discussed below.
X

Figure 23.16 Putting r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ, a = x1iˆ + y1 ˆj + z1kˆ and

m = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ in (ii), we obtain
Changing Unsymmetrical Form to Symmetrical Form: The
xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ = ( x1iˆ + y1 ˆj + z1kˆ) + λ (aiˆ + bj + ckˆ)
unsymmetrical form of a line
ax + by + cz + d = 0, a′x + b′y + c′z + d ′ = 0 Equating coefficients of iˆ, ˆj and k̂ , we get
Can be changed to symmetrical form as follows: x = x1 + aλ , y = y1 + bλ , z = z1 + cλ or
bd ′ − b′d da′ − d ′a x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
x− y− = = =λ
ab′ − a′b = ab′ − a′b = z
a b c
bc′ − b′c ca′ − c′a ab′ − a′b

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 320 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Intersection of Two Lines: Determine whether two lines Note: The length of the perpendicular is the perpendicular
intersect or not. In case they intersect, the following algorithm distance of given point from that line.
is used to find their point of intersection.
Reflection or image of a point in a straight line

Algorithm for cartesian form: Let the two lines be P
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= = . . .(i)
a1 b1 c1
A B
x − x2 y − y2 z − z 2 L
and = = . . .(ii)
a2 b2 c2
Step 1. Write the co-ordinates of general points on (i) and (ii). Q (image)
Figure 23.18
The co-ordinates of general points on (i) and (ii) are given by
If the perpendicular PL from point P on the given line be
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x2 y − y2 z − z2
= = = λ and = = =µ produced to Q such that PL = QL, then Q is known as the
a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2
image or reflection of P in the given line. Also, L is the foot
respectively i.e., (a1λ + x1 , b1λ + y1 + c1λ + z1 ) and (a2 µ + x2 , b2 µ + y2 , c2 µ + z2 )
of the perpendicular or the projection of P on the line.
(a2 µ + x2 , b2 µ + y2 , c2 µ + z2 )
Step 2. If the lines (i) and (ii) intersect, then they have a Vector Form
common point. a1λ + x1 = a2 µ + x2 , b1λ + y1 = b2 µ + y2 and
Perpendicular distance of a point from a line

P (α )
c1λ + z1 = c2 µ + z 2 .
Step 3. Solve any two of the equations in λ and µ obtained in
step II. If the values of λ and µ satisfy the third equation, then
the lines (i) and (ii) intersect, otherwise they do not intersect. A       B
r = a + λb L = (a + λ b )
Step 4. To obtain the co-ordinates of the point of intersection, Figure 23.19
substitute the value of λ (or µ) in the co-ordinates of general 
Let L is the foot of perpendicular drawn from P (α ) on the
point (s) obtained in step 1.    
line r = a + λ b . Since r denotes the position vector of any

Foot of Perpendicular From a Point A(α, β , γ) to the Line  
point on the line r = a + λ b . So, let the position vector of L
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1  
= = . be a + λ b .
l m n 



       (a − α )b  
Cartesian Form Then PL = a − α + λ b = ( a − α ) −   2 b

Foot of Perpendicular From a Point A(α, β , γ) to the  |b | 




x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 The length PL, is the magnitude of PL , and required length
Line = =
l m n of perpendicular.
A(α, β, γ)
Image of a point in a straight Line:

P (α )

A       B
r = ( a + λb ) L = (a + λb )
P x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= =
l m n
Figure 23.17 
Q ( β ) (image)
If P be the foot of perpendicular, then P is
Figure 23.20
(lr + x1 , mr + y1 , nr + z1 ) . Find the direction ratios of AP and  
 
apply the condition of perpendicularity of AP and the given
Let Q(β ) is the image of P in r = a + λb . Then,
  
line. This will give the value of r and hence the point P    2(a − α ) ⋅ b   
which is foot of perpendicular. β = 2a −  2  b ⋅α
 |b | 

Length and equation of perpendicular: The length of the
perpendicular is the distance AP and its equation is the line Shortest Distance between Two Straight Lines
joining two known points A and P.
Skew lines: Two straight lines in space which are neither

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Three Dimensional Geometry 321
     
parallel nor intersecting are called skew lines. Thus, the skew Vector Form: If the lines r = a1 + λb1 and r = a2 + λb2
lines are those lines which do not lie in the same plane.
intersect, then the shortest distance between them is zero.
Q      
Therefore, [b1b2 (a2 − a1 )] = 0 ⇒ [(a2 − a1 ) b1b2 ] = 0 ⇒
l2 Line of shortest    
distance (a2 − a1 ) ⋅ (b1 × b2 ) = 0

l1 To Determine the Equation of Line of Shortest Distance: To

P
Figure 23.21
find the equation of line of shortest distance, we use the

Line of shortest distance: If l1 and l2 are two skew lines, following procedure:

From the given equations of the straight lines,
then the straight line which is perpendicular to each of these
x − a1 y − b1 z − c1
two non-intersecting lines is called the “line of shortest i.e. = = = λ (say) . . .(i)
l1 m1 n1
distance.”
x − a2 y − b2 z − c2
Note: There is one and only one line perpendicular to each of and = = = µ (say) . . .(ii)
l2 m2 n2
lines l1 and l2 .
Find the co-ordinates of general points on straight lines (i)
and (ii) as (a1 + λ l1 , b1 + λ m1 , c1 + λ n1 ) and

Shortest distance between two skew lines
Cartesian Form: Let two skew lines be (a2 + µl2 , b2 + µ m2 , c2 + µ n2 ) .
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
Let these be the co-ordinates of P and Q, the two
= = and
l1 m1 n1 extremities of the length of shortest distance. Hence, find
x − x2 y − y2 z − z 2 the direction ratios of PQ as (a2 + l2 µ ) − ( a1 + l1λ ),
= =
l2 m2 n2 (b2 + m2 µ ) − (b1 + m1λ ), (c2 + m2 µ ) − (c1 + n1λ ).
Therefore, the shortest distance between the lines is given by
Apply the condition of PQ being perpendicular to straight
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 lines (i) and (ii) in succession and get two equations
l1 m1 n1 connecting λ and µ. Solve these equations to get the values
of λ and µ.
l2 m2 n2
d=
Put these values of λ and µ in the co-ordinates of P and Q to
(m1n2 − m2 n1 ) + (n1l2 − l1n2 ) + (l1m2 − l2 m1 ) 2
2 2
determine points P and Q.
Vector Form: Let l1 and l2 be two lines whose equations are
Find out the equation of the line passing through P and Q,
        which will be the line of shortest distance.
l1 : r = a1 + λb1 and l2 : r = a2 + µb2 respectively. Then,
        The Plane
(b × b ).(a − a ) | [b b ( a − a )] Definition of Plane and its Equations
Shortest distance PQ = 1 2 2 1 = 1 2 2 1
| b1 × b2 | | b1 × b2 | Y

Shortest distance between two parallel lines: The shortest XOY-plane

 YOZ-plane
 
distance between the parallel lines r = a1 + λb and
X
  
   | ( a2 − a1 ) × b |
r = a2 + µb is given by d =  . ZOX-plane
|b | Z
Figure 23.22

Condition for two lines to be intersecting i.e. coplanar If point P( x, y, z ) moves according to certain rule, then it may
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
Cartesian Form: If the lines = = and lie in a 3-D region on a surface or on a line or it may simply be
l1 m1 n1
a point. Whatever we get, as the region of P after applying the
x − x2 y − y2 z − z 2 rule, is called locus of P. Let us discuss about the plane or
= = intersect, then
l2 m2 n2 curved surface. If Q be any other point on it’s locus and all
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 points of the straight line PQ lie on it, it is a plane. In other
words if the straight line PQ, however small and in whatever
l1 m1 n1 = 0
direction it may be, lies completely on the locus, it is a plane,
l2 m2 n2
otherwise any curved surface.

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322 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

General equation of plane: Every equation of first degree If the plane cuts the intercepts of length a, b, c on
of the form Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 represents the equation of x y z
co-ordinate axes, then its equation is + + = 1.
a plane. The coefficients of x, y and z i.e. A, B, C are the a b c
direction ratios of the normal to the plane. Normal Form: Normal form of the equation of plane is

Equation of co-ordinate planes lx + my + nz = p , where l, m, n are the d.c.’s of the normal to
XOY-plane: z = 0 YOZ -plane: x = 0 ZOX-plane: y = 0 the plane and p is the length of perpendicular from the origin.

Vector equation of plane
Equation of plane in particular cases: Equation of plane

A(a ) through the origin is given by Ax + By + Cz = 0.
N i.e. if D = 0, then the plane passes through the origin.

 a
P(r )
Equation of plane parallel to co-ordinate planes or
perpendicular to co-ordinate axes

 n Equation of plane parallel to YOZ -plane (or perpendicular
r
to x-axis) and at a distance ‘a’ from it is x = a.
Figure 23.23 Equation of plane parallel to ZOX -plane (or perpendicular
 to y-axis) and at a distance ‘b’ from it is y = b.

Vector equation of a plane through the point A(a ) and
    Equation of plane parallel to XOY -plane (or perpendicular
perpendicular to the vector n is (r − a ).n = 0 or
    to z-axis) and at a distance ‘c’ from it is z = c.
r ⋅n = a ⋅n
Note

Normal form: Vector equation of a plane normal to unit

Any plane perpendicular to co-ordinate axis is evidently
vector n̂ and at a distance d from the origin is r ⋅ nˆ = d .
parallel to co-ordinate plane and vice versa.

A unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing three
Note: If n is not a unit vector, then to reduce the equation






   AB × AC
r ⋅ n = d to normal form we divide both sides by | n | to obtain points A, B, C is





 .
   | AB × AC |
 n d  d
r ⋅  =  or r ⋅ nˆ =  .
Equation of plane perpendicular to co-ordinate planes
|n| |n| |n|
or parallel to co-ordinate axes
Equation of plane perpendicular to YOZ-plane or parallel to

N P( r ) x-axis is By + Cz + D = 0.
Equation of plane perpendicular to ZOX-plane or parallel to
  y axis is Ax + Cz + D = 0.
n r
d Equation of plane perpendicular to XOY-plane or parallel to
z-axis is Ax + By + D = 0.
Figure
O 23.24
Equation of plane passing through the intersection of

Equation of a plane passing through a given point and two planes
parallel to two given vectors: The equation of the plane Cartesian Form: Equation of plane through the

passing through a point having position vector a and parallel intersection of two planes P = a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and
     
to b and c is r = a + λb + µ c , where λ and µ are scalars. Q = a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 is P + λQ = 0 , where λ is the

Equation of plane in various forms parameter.
Intercept Form Vector Form: The equation of any plane through the
   
C intersection of planes r ⋅ n1 = d1 and r ⋅ n2 = d 2 is

c   
 r ⋅ ( n1 + λ n2 ) = d1 + λ d 2 , where λ is an arbitrary constant.
M P(r )

Equation of plane parallel to a given plane
  Cartesian Form: Plane parallel to a given plane
P(a ) b ax + by + cz + d = 0 is ax + by + cz + d ′ = 0, i.e. only
Figure 23.25 constant term is changed.

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Three Dimensional Geometry 323
Vector form: Since parallel planes have the common opposite signs. The plane divides the line joining the points
normal, therefore equation of plane parallel to plane P and Q externally or internally according to P and Q are
   
r ⋅ n = d1 is r ⋅ n = d 2 , where d 2 is a constant determined lying on same or opposite sides of the plane.
by the given condition.
Angle between Two Planes.
Equation of Plane Passing Through the Given Point.
Cartesian form: Angle between the planes is defined as

Equation of plane passing through a given point: angle between normals to the planes drawn from any point.
Equation of plane passing through the point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) is Angle between the planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and
A( x − x1 ) + B ( y − y1 ) + C ( z − z1 ) = 0 , where A, B and C are a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 is
d.r.’s of normal to the plane.
 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 

Equation of plane through three points: The equation of cos −1  
 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 
plane passing through three non-collinear points  1 1 1 2 2 2 
( x1 , y1 , z1 ),( x2 , y2 , z 2 ) and ( x3 , y3 , z3 ) is
Note
x y z 1 x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
x1 y1 z1 1
If a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 , then the planes are perpendicular to
=0 or x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 = 0 .
x2 y2 z2 1 each other.
x3 − x1 y3 − y1 z3 − z1
x3 y3 z3 1 a b c

If 1 = 1 = 1 , then the planes are parallel to each other.
a2 b2 c2
Foot of Perpendicular From a Point A(α, β, γ) to a Given Plane  

Vector form: An angle θ between the planes r1 ⋅ n1 = d1
ax + by + cz + d = 0: If AP be the perpendicular from A to the
 
given plane, then it is parallel to the normal, so that its equation is   n .n
and r2 ⋅ n2 = d 2 is given by cosθ = ±  1 2 .
x −α y − β z − γ | n1 || n2 |
= = = r (say)
a b c
Any point P on it is (ar + α , br + β , cr + γ ). It lies on the given Equation of Planes Bisecting Angle between Two Given
plane and we find the value of r and hence the point P. Planes

Perpendicular distance
Cartesian form: Equations of planes bisecting angles

Cartesian form: The length of the perpendicular from the between the planes a1 x + b1 y +c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y +
point P ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) to the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is a1x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d2
c2z + d = 0 are =±
ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d (a + b + c )
2
1 1
2 2
1 (a22 + b22 + c22 )
.
a 2 + b2 + c 2

Vector form: The equation of the planes bisecting the
Vector form: The perpendicular distance of a point having    
   angles between the planes r1 ⋅ n1 = d1 and r2 ⋅ n2 = d 2 are
position vector a from the plane r ⋅ n = d is given by    
 
| a⋅n −d | | r ⋅ n1 − d1 | | r ⋅ n2 − d 2 |
p=  = 
 | n1 | | n2 |
|n|
   
Note | r ⋅ n1 − d1 | | r ⋅ n2 − d 2 |
or  =± 

The distance between two parallel planes is the algebraic | n1 | | n2 |
difference of perpendicular distances on the planes from origin.
 d d

Distance between two parallel planes Ax + By + Cz + D1 = 0 or r ⋅ (nˆ1 ± nˆ2 ) = 1 ± 2 .
| n1 | | n2 |
D2 ~ D1
and Ax + By + Cz + D2 = 0 is . Image of a Point in a Plane: Let P and Q be two points and let
A + B2 + C 2
2
π be a plane such that

Position of two points w.r.t. a plane: Two points
Line PQ is perpendicular to the plane π, and
P ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and Q ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) lie on the same or opposite

Mid-point of PQ lies on the plane π.
sides of a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 according to
Then either of the point is the image of the other in the plane π.
ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d and ax2 + by2 + cz 2 + d are of same or

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324 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
To Find the Image of a Point in a Given Plane, we Proceed General Equation of Sphere: The general equation of a sphere
as Follows: is x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2 wz + d = 0 with centre
P ( x1 , y1 , z )
(−u , − v, − w). i.e. (–(1/2) coeff. of x, –(1/2) coeff. of y, –(1/2)

ax + by + cz + d = 0 coeff. of z) and, radius = u 2 + v 2 + w2 − d

From the above equation, we note the following characteristics
R of the equation of a sphere :
(i) It is a second degree equation in x, y, z;
π
( x1 + ar , y1 , + br , z1 + cr ) (ii) The coefficients of x 2 , y 2 , z 2 are all equal;
Q (iii) The terms containing the products xy, yz and zx are absent.
Figure 23.26
Write the equations of the line passing through P and
Note
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
normal to the given plane as = = . The equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2 wz + d = 0 repre-
a b c
Write the co-ordinates of image Q as (x1 + ar, y1, + br, z1 + cr). sents,
Find the co-ordinates of the mid-point R of PQ. A real sphere, if u 2 + v 2 + w2 − d > 0 .
Obtain the value of r by putting the co-ordinates of R in the A point sphere, if u 2 + v 2 + w2 − d = 0 .
equation of the plane.
An imaginary sphere, if u 2 + v 2 + w2 − d < 0 .
Put the value of r in the co-ordinates of Q.
If u 2 + v 2 + w 2 − d < 0, then the radius of sphere is
Coplanar Lines: Lines are said to be coplanar if they lie in the
imaginary, whereas the centre is real. Such a sphere is
same plane or a plane can be made to pass through them.
called “pseudo-sphere” or a “virtual sphere”.
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
Cartesian Form: If the lines = = and The equation of the sphere contains four unknown constants
l1 m1 n1
u, v, w and d and therefore a sphere can be found to satisfy
x − x2 y − y2 z − z2
= = are coplanar four conditions.
l2 m2 n2
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z 2 − z1 Equation in Sphere in Various Forms.
Then l1 m1 n1 =0. Equation of sphere with given centre and radius
l2 m2 n2 Cartesian Form: The equation of a sphere with centre (a,
The equation of the plane containing them is b, c) and radius R is
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x2 y − y2 z − z2 ( x − a )2 + ( y − b) 2 + ( z − c) 2 = R 2 . . .(i)
l1 m1 n1 = 0 or l1 m1 n1 = 0. If the centre is at the origin, then equation (i) takes the form
l2 m2 n2 l2 m2 n2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = R 2 , which is known as the standard form of
Vector form : If the lines r = a1 + λb1 and r = a2 + λb2 are the equation of the sphere.
coplanar, then [a1 b1 b2 ] = [a2 b1 b2 ] and the equation of the Vector Form: The equation of sphere with centre at C (c ) and
plane containing them is [r b1 b2 ] = [a1 b1 b2 ] or radius ‘a’ is | r − c | = a
[r b1 b2 ] = [a2 b1 b2 ]. Diameter form of the equation of a sphere
Sphere Cartesian Form: If ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z 2 ) are the
P (r ) co-ordinates of the extremities of a diameter of a sphere,
then its equation is ( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) + ( y − y1 )( y − y2 )
C (a )
+ ( z − z1 )( z − z2 ) = 0
Vector Form: If the position vectors of the extremities of a
Figure 23.27
diameter of a sphere are a and b , then its equation is
A sphere is the locus of a point which moves in space in such a
way that its distance from a fixed point always remains (r − a ) ⋅ (r − b ) = 0 or
constant. The fixed point is called the centre and the constant
| r |2 −r ⋅ (a − b ) + a ⋅ b = 0
distance is called the radius of the sphere.
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Three Dimensional Geometry 325
Section of a sphere by a plane When two spheres touch each other the common tangent plane
is S1 − S 2 = 0 and when they cut in a circle, the plane of the
circle is S1 − S 2 = 0; coefficients of x 2 , y 2 , z 2 being unity in
C both the cases.
Let p be the length of perpendicular drawn from the centre of the
Q sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = r 2 to the plane Ax + By + Cz + D = 0, then
P M

The plane cuts the sphere in a circle iff p < r and in this
Figure 23.28
case, the radius of circle is r 2 − p 2 .
Consider a sphere intersected by a plane. The set of points

The plane touches the sphere iff p = r.
common to both sphere and plane is called a plane section of a
sphere. The plane section of a sphere is always a circle. The
The plane does not meet the sphere iff p > r.
equations of the sphere and the plane taken together represent
Equation of Concentric Sphere: Any sphere concentric with
the plane section.
the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 +2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0 is x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ++ ux + vy +
Let C be the centre of the sphere and M be the foot of the
x + y + z + 2ux + 2vy + 2 wz + λ = 0, where λ is some real which makes it a
perpendicular from C on the plane. Then M is the centre of the
sphere.
circle and radius of the circle is given by PM = CP 2 − CM 2
Intersection of Straight Line and a Sphere: Let the equations
The centre M of the circle is the point of intersection of the
of the sphere and the straight line be
plane and line CM which passes through C and is perpendicular
to the given plane. x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0 . . .(i)

Centre: The foot of the perpendicular from the centre of the x −α y − β z − γ
and = = = r (say) . . .(ii)
sphere to the plane is the centre of the circle. (radius of l m n
circle)2 = (radius of sphere)2 – (perpendicular from centre Any point on the line (ii) is (α + lr , β + mr , γ + nr ).
of spheres on the plane)2 If this point lies on the sphere (i) then we have,

Great circle: The section of a sphere by a plane through the (α + lr ) 2 + ( β + mr ) 2 + (γ + nr ) 2 + 2u (α + lr ) + 2v ( β + mr ) + 2 w(γ + nr ) + d
centre of the sphere is a great circle. Its centre and radius
(α + lr ) + ( β + mr ) + (γ + nr ) + 2u (α + lr ) + 2v ( β + mr ) + 2 w(γ + nr ) + d = 0
are the same as those of the given sphere.
or r 2 [l 2 + m 2 + n 2 ] + 2 r[l (u + α ) + m (v + β )] + n ( w + γ )]
Condition of Tangency of a Plane to a Sphere: A plane + (α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 + 2uα + 2v β + 2 wγ + d ) = 0 . . .(iii)
touches a given sphere if the perpendicular distance from the This is a quadratic equation in r and so gives two values of r
centre of the sphere to the plane is equal to the radius of the and therefore the line (ii) meets the sphere (i) in two points
sphere. which may be real, coincident and imaginary, according as

Cartesian form: The plane lx + my + nz = p touches the root of (iii) are so.
sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2 wz + d = 0, if Angle of Intersection of Two Spheres: The angle of
(ul + vm + wn − p ) 2 = (l 2 + m 2 + n 2 )(u 2 + v 2 + w 2 − d ) intersection of two spheres is the angle between the tangent
  planes to them at their point of intersection. As the radii of the

Vector form: The plane r ⋅ n = d touches the sphere
  spheres at this common point are normal to the tangent planes
  | a ⋅n − d |
| r − a | = R if  =R. so this angle is also equal to the angle between the radii of the
|n| spheres at their point of intersection. If the angle of intersection
Note of two spheres is a right angle, the spheres are said to be
Two spheres S1 and S 2 with centres C1 and C 2 and radii r1 orthogonal.
and r2 respectively
Condition for orthogonality of two spheres: Let the
equation of the two spheres be

Do not meet and lies farther apart iff | C1C2 | > r1 + r2
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2 wz + d = 0 . . .(i)

Touch internally iff | C1C2 | = | r1 − r2 |
and x + y + z + 2u ′x + 2v′y + 2 w′z + d ′ = 0
2 2 2
. . .(ii)

Touch externally iff | C1C2 | = r1 + r2 If the sphere ( i) and (ii) cut orthogonally, then

Cut in a circle iff | r1 − r2 | < | C1C2 | < r1 + r2 2 uu ′ + 2 vv ′ + 2 ww ′ = d + d ′,which is the required

One lies within the other if | C1C2 | < | r1 − r2 | . condition.

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326 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Multiple Choice Questions 7. The equation of a plane passing through the line of
intersection of the plane x + 2 y + 3z = 2 and x − y + z = 3
One and More than One Correct
2
1. A plane passes through (1, −2,1) and is perpendicular to and at a distance from the point (3, 1, –1) is
3
two planes 2 x − 2 y + z = 0 and x − y + 2 z = 4. The distance
[JEE 2012 P-II]
of the plane form the point (1, 2, 2) is [JEE 2006]
a. 5 x − 11y + z = 17 b. 2x + y = 3 2 −1
a. 0 b. 1
c. x + y + z = 3 d. x − 2 y − 1 − 2
c. 2 d. 2 2
2. A line with positive direction cosines passes through the 8. Perpendicular are drawn from points on the line
point P (2, – 1, 2) and makes equal angles with the
x + 2 y +1 z
coordinate axes. The line meets the plane 2x + y + z = 9 at = = to the plane x + y + z = 3. The feet of
2 −1 3
point Q. The length of the line segment PQ equals
perpendicular lie on the line [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
[JEE 2009 P-II]
x y −1 z − 2 x y −1 z − 2
a. 1 b. 2 a. = = b. = =
5 8 −13 2 3 −5
c. 3 d. 2 x y −1 z − 2 x y −1 z − 2
c. = = d. = =
x y z 4 3 −7 2 −7 5
3. Equation of the plane containing the straight line = =
2 3 4
9. Distance between two parallel planes 2 x + y + 2 z = 8 and
and perpendicular to the plane containing the straight lines
4 x + 2 y + 4 z + 5 = 0 is [JEE Main 2013]
x y z x y z
= = and = = is [JEE 2010 P-I] 3 5
3 4 2 4 2 3 a. b.
a. x + 2 y − 2 z = 0 b. 3 x + 2 y − 2 z = 0 2 2
7 9
c. x − 2 y + z = 0 d. 5 x + 2 y − 4 z = 0 c. d.
2 2
4. If the distance of point P(1, −2,1) from the plane x−2 y −3 z −4
10. If the lines = = and x − 1 = y − 4 = z − 5
x + 2 y − 2z − α , where α > 0, is 5, then the foot of the 1 1 −k k 2 1
perpendicular from P to the plane is [JEE 2010 P-II] are coplanar, then k can have [JEE Main 2013]
a. any value b. exactly one value
8 4 7 4 4 1
a.  , , −  b.  , − ,  c. exactly two values d. exactly three values
3 3 3  3 3 3
 1 2 10  2 1 5 11. A line l passing through the origin is perpendicular to the lines
c.  , ,  d.  , − , 
3 3 3  3 3 2 l1 : (3 + t )iˆ + ( − 1 + 2t ) ˆj + (4 + 2t ) kˆ , −∞ < t < ∞ ,
5. The point P is the intersection of the straight line joining l2 : (3 + 2 s )iˆ + (3 + 2 s ) ˆj + (2 + s ) kˆ , −∞ < s < ∞
the points Q (2, 3, 5) and R (1, –1, 4) with the plane Then, the coordinates(s) of the point(s) on l2 at a distance
5x – 4y– z = 1. If S is the foot of the perpendicular drawn
from the point T(2, 1, 4) to QR, then the length of the of 17 from the point of intersection of l and l1 is(are)
line segment PS is. [JEE 2012 P-II] [JEE Adv. 2013 P-I]
I 7 7 5
a. b. 2 a.  , ,  b. (−1, − 1, 0)
2  3 3 3
c. 2 d. 2 2 7 7 8
c. (1, 1, 1) d.  , , 
x −1 y + 1 z x +1 y +1 z 9 9 9
6. If the straight lines = = and = =
x k 2 5 2 k y z and y z are
12. Two lines L1 : x = 5, = L2 : x = α , =
are coplanar, then the plane (s) containing these two lines 3 − α −2 −1 2 − α
is (are) [JEE 2012 P-II] coplanar. Then α can take value(s) [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]
a. y + 2 z = −1 b. y + z = −1 a. 1 b. 2
c. y − z = −1 d. y − 2 z = −1 c. 3 d. 4

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Three Dimensional Geometry 327
x −1 y − 3 z − 4 3
19. In R , let L be a straight line passing through the origin.
13. The image of the line = = in the plane
3 1 −5 Suppose that all the points on L are at a constant distance
2 x − y + z + 3 = 0 is the line: [JEE Main 2014] from the two planes P1 : x + 2 y − z + 1 = 0 and
x +3 y −5 z −2 x+3 y −5 z+2 P2 : 2 x − y + z − 1 = 0. Let M be the locus of the feet of the
a. = = b. = =
3 1 −5 −3 −1 5 perpendiculars drawn from the points on L to the plane
x−3 y +5 z −2 x−3 y +5 z−2
c. = = d. = = P1 . Which of the following points lie(s) on M ?
3 1 −5 −3 −1 5
[JEE Adv. 2015 P-I]
14. The angle between the lines whose direction cosines  5 2  1 1 1
a.  0, − , −  b.  − , − , 
satisfy the equations ℓ + m + n = 0 and ℓ 2 = m 2 + n 2 is :  6 3  6 3 6
[JEE Main 2014]
 5 1  1 2
π π c.  − ,0,  d.  − , 0, 
a. b.  6 6  3 3
3 4
π π 20. The system of linear equations x+λy− z = 0
c. d.
6 2 λ x − y − z = 0 , x + y − λ z = 0 has a non-trivial solution
for : [JEE Main 2016]
15. From a point P(λ , λ , λ ), perpendiculars PQ and PR
a. infinitely many values of λ
are drawn respectively on the lines y = x , z = 1 and
b. exactly one value of λ
y = − x , z = − 1. If P is such that ∠ QPR is a right angle, c. exactly two values of λ
then the possible value(s) of λ is(are) d. exactly three value of λ
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
21. The distance of the point (1, −5,9) from the plane
a. 2 b. 1
x − y + z = 5 measured along the line x = y = z is:
c. −1 d. − 2
[JEE Main 2016]
16. The distance of the point (1, 0, 2) from the point of a. 3 10 b. 10 3
x − 2 y +1 z − 2
intersection of the line = = and the plane 10 20
3 4 12 c. d.
3 3
x − y + z = 16, is [JEE Main 2015]
a. 2 14 b. 8 x −3 y +2 z + 4
22. If the line, = = lies in the plane,
2 −1 3
c. 3 21 d. 13
lx + my − x = 9, then l 2 + m 2 is equal to: [JEE Main 2016]
17. The equation of the
plane containing the line a. 26 b. 18 c. 5 d. 2
2 x − 5 y + z = 3; x + y + 4 z = 5, and parallel to the plane,
23. Let P be the image of the point (3, 1, 7) with respect to the
x + 3 y + 6 z = 1, is [JEE Main 2015] lane x − y + z = 3. Then the equation of the plane passing
a. 2 x + 6 y + 12 z = 13 b. x + 3 y + 6 z = − 7 x y z
through P and containing the straight line = = is
c. x + 3 y + 6 z = 7 d. 2 x + 6 y + 12 z = − 13 1 2 1
[JEE Adv. 2016 P-II]
18. In R3 , consider the planes P1 : y = 0 and P2 : x + z = 1. Let a. x + y − 3z = 0 b. 3 x + z = 0
P3 be a plane, different from P1 and P2 , which passes c. x − 4 y + 7 z = 0 d. 2 x − y = 0
through the intersection of P1 and P2 . If the distance of the 24. If the image of the point P (1, –2, 3) in the plane,
point (0, 1, 0) from P3 is 1 and the distance of a point 2 x + 3 y − 4 z + 22 = 0 measured parallel to the line,
(α, β, γ) from P3 is 2, then which of the following x y z
= = is Q, then PQ is equal to [JEE Main 2017]
relations is (are) true? [JEE Adv. 2015 P-I] 1 4 5
a. 2α + β + 2γ + 2 = 0 b. 2α – β + 2γ + 4 = 0 a. 42 b. 6 5
c. 2α + β – 2γ – 10 = 0 d. 2α – β + 2γ – 8 = 0 c. 3 5 d. 2 42

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328 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
25. The distance of the point (1, 3 –7) from the plane passing 30. The length of the perpendicular from the point (2,–1, 4) on
through the point (1, –1, –1), having normal perpendicular x+3 y−2 z
the straight line, = = is [JEE Main 2019]
x −1 y + 2 z − 4 x − 2 y +1 z + 7 10 −7 1
to both the = = lines = =
1 −2 3 2 −1 −1 a. less than 2
and , is [JEE Main 2017] b. greater than 3 but less than 4
5 10 20 10 c. greater than 4
a. b. c. d.
83 74 74 83 d. greater than 2 but less than 3

26. The equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 31. The equation of a plane containing the line of intersection
1) and perpendicular to the planes 2x + y − 2z = 5 and of the planes 2x – y – 4 = 0 and y + 2z – 4 = 0 and passing
through the point (1, 1, 0) is: [JEE Main 2019]
3x − 6y − 2z = 7 , is [JEE Adv. 2017 P-II]
a. x + 3y + z = 4 b. x – y – z = 0
a. −14x + 2y + 15z = 3 b. 14x − 2y + 15z = 27 c. x – 3y – 2z = –2 d. 2x – z = 2
c. 14x + 2y −15z = 1 d. 14x + 2y + 15z = 31
32. The vector equation of the plane through the line of
27. Let P1 : 2 x + y − z = 3 and P2 : x + 2 y + z = 2 be two intersection of the planes x + y + z = 1 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 5
which is perpendicular to the plane x – y + z = 0 is :
planes. Then, which of the following statements(s) is (are)
[JEE Main 2019]
TRUE? [JEE Adv. 2018 P-I]  
a. The line of intersection of P1 and P2 has direction a. r × (iˆ + kˆ) + 2 = 0 b. r .(iˆ − kˆ) − 2 = 0
 
ratios 1, 2, –1 c. r .(iˆ − kˆ) + 2 = 0 d. r × (iˆ − kˆ) + 2 = 0
3x − 4 1− 3y z
b. The line = = is perpendicular to the line 33. The plane through the intersection of the planes
9 9 3
x + y + z = 1 and 2x + 3 y − z + 4 = 0 and parallel to y-axis
of intersection of P1 and P2
also passes through the point: [JEE Main 2019]
c. The acute angle between P1 and P2 is 60º
a. (–3, 0, –1) b. (3, 3, –1)
d. If P3 is the plane passing through the point (4, 2, –2) and c. (3, 2, 1) d. (–3, 1, 1)
perpendicular to the line of intersection of P1 and P2, then the
34. The equation of the line passing through (–4, 3, 1),
2
distance of the point (2, 1, 1) from the plane P3 is parallel to the plane x + 2 y − z − 5 = 0 and intersection the
3
x +1 y − 3 z − 2
line = = is [JEE Main 2019]
28 If L1 is the line of intersection of the planes −3 2 −1
2x − 2 y + 3z − 2 = 0, x − y + z + 1 = 0 and L 2 is the line x + 4 y − 3 z −1 x + 4 y − 3 z −1
a. = = b. = =
of intersection of the planes x + 2 y − z − 3 = 0, −1 1 1 3 −1 1

3x − y + 2z −1 = 0, then the distance of the origin from the x + 4 y − 3 z −1 x − 4 y + 3 z −1

c. = = d. = =
1 1 3 2 1 4
plane containing the lines L1 and L2 , is [JEE Main 2018]
35. The equation of the plane containing the straight line
1 1
a. b. x y z
2 4 2 = = and perpendicular to the plane containing the
2 3 4
1 1
c. d. x y z x y z
3 2 2 2 straight lines = = and = = is
3 4 2 4 2 3
29. The length of the projection of the line segment joining [JEE Main 2019]
the points (5, −1, 4) and (4, −1,3) on the plane, a. x + 2y – 2z = 0 b. x – 2y + z = 0
x + y + z = 7 is: [JEE Main 2018] c. 5x + 2y – 4z = 0 d. 3x + 2y – 3z = 0

2 2 36. If the lines x = ay +b, z = cy + d and x = a'z + b', y = c'z + d'

a. b.
3 3 are perpendicular, then: [JEE Main 2019]
2 1 a. cc' + a + a' = 0 b. aa' + c + c' = 0
c. d.
3 3 c. ab' + bc' + 1 = 0 d. bb' + cc' + 1 = 0

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Three Dimensional Geometry 329
37. The plane passing through the point (4, –1, 2) and parallel 44. If the point (2, α, β ) lies on the plane which passes
x + 2 y − 2 z +1 x −2 y −3 z −4 through the points (3, 4, 2) and (7, 0, 6) and is
to the lines = = and = =
3 −1 2 1 2 3 perpendicular to the plane 2x – 5y = 15, then 2α– 3β is
also passes through the point: [JEE Main 2019] equal to :- [JEE Main 2019]
a. (–1, –1, –1) b. (–1, –1, 1) a. 5 b. 17 c. 12 d. 7
c. (1, 1, –1) d. (1, 1, 1) x − 3 y +1 z − 6 x +5 y −2 z −3
45. Two lines = = and = =
1 3 −1 7 −6 4
38. The plane which bisects the line segment joining the
intersect at the point R. The reflection of R in the xy plane
points (–3,–3, 4) and (3, 7, 6) at right angles, passes
has coordinates:- [JEE Main 2019]
through which one of the following points ?
a. (2, 4, 7) b. (–2, 4, 7)
[JEE Main 2019]
c. (2, –4, –7) d. (2,–4, 7)
a. (4, –1,7) b. (4,1,–2) c. (–2,3,5) d. (2,1,3)
b+c c+a a+b
39. On which of the following lines lies the point of 46. Given = = for ∆ABC with usual notation.
11 12 13
x−4 y −5 z −3
intersection of the line, = = and the cos A cos B cos C
2 2 1 If = = , then the ordered triad (α,β ,γ)
plane, x + y + z = 2 ? [JEE Main 2019] α β γ
x −2 y −3 z +3 x−4 y −5 z −5 has a value [JEE Main 2019]
a. = = b. = = a. (3,4,5) b. (19,7,25) c. (7,19,25) d. (5,12,13)
2 2 3 1 1 −1
x −1 y − 3 z + 4 x + 3 4 − y z +1 47. The perpendicular distance from the origin to the plane
c. = = d. = =
1 2 −5 1 3 −2 x+2 y −2 z +5
containing the two lines, = = and
3 5 7
40. The direction ratios of normal to the plane through the
x −1 y − 4 z + 4
π = = , is [JEE Main 2019]
points (0, –1, 0) and (0, 0, 1) and making an anlge with 1 4 7
4
11
the plane y – z + 5 = 0 are: [JEE Main 2019] a. b. 6 11 c. 11 d. 11 6
6
a. 2 3, 1,–1 b. 2, 2, − 2
c. 2, –1, 1 d. 2 ,1,–1 x +1 y − 2 z − 3
48. If an angle between the line, = = and the
2 1 −2
x − 3 y + 2 z −1 2 2
41. The plane containing the line = = and also
2 −1 3 plane, x − 2 y − kz = 3 is cos−1   , then a value of k is:
containing its projection on the plane 2x + 3y – z = 5,  3 
contains which one of the following points? [JEE Main 2019]
[JEE Main 2019] 5 5 3 3
a. − b. c. d. −
a. (2, 0, –2) b. (–2, 2, 2) 3 3 5 5
c. (0, –2, 2) d. (2, 2, 0)
49. Let S be the set of all real values of λ such that a plane
42. If the point (2, α, β ) lies on the plane which passes passing through the points (–λ2, 1, 1), (1, –λ2, 1) and (1, 1,
through the points (3, 4, 2) and (7, 0, 6) and is –λ2) also passes through the point (–1, –1, 1). Then S is
perpendicular to the plane 2x – 5y = 15, then 2α– 3β is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
equal to :- [JEE Main 2019]
a. { 3} b. { 3 − 3}
a. 5 b. 17 c. 12 d. 7
c. {1, –1} d. {3,–3}
b+c c+a a+b
43. Given = = for ∆ABC with usual notation. 
11 12 13 50. Let L1 and L2 denote the lines r = iˆ + λ ( −iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ),
cos A cos B cos C 
If = = , then the ordered triad (α,β ,γ) λ ∈ R and r = µ (2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ), µ ∈ R respectively. If L3 is
α β γ
a line which is perpendicular to both L1 and L2 and cuts
has a value [JEE Main 2019]
both of them, then which of the following options
a. (3,4,5) b. (19,7,25)
describe(s) L3 ? [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I]
c. (7,19,25) d. (5,12,13)

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330 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

a. r = t (2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ), t ∈ R (B) Sides a, b, c, of a triangle 2. 1
 2 ABC are AP
b. r = (4iˆ + ˆj + kˆ), +t (2iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ), t ∈ R a b
9 cos θ1 = , cos θ 2 = ,
 1 ˆ ˆ b+c a+c
c. r = (2i + k ) + t (2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ), t ∈ R c
3 cos θ 3 = then
a+b
 2 ˆ ˆ
d. r = (2i − j + 2kˆ) + t (2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ), t ∈ R θ  θ 
9 tan 2  1  + tan 2  3  =
 2 2
51. Three lines L1 , L2 , L3 are given by L1 : r = λ iˆ,
(C) A line is perpendicular to 5
 
L2 : r = µ ˆj + kˆ, L3 : r = iˆ + ˆj + γ kˆ. Which of the following x + 2 y + 2 z = 0 and passes 3.
3
points Q can be taken on L2 so that the points P on line L1, through (0, 1, 0). The
point Q on L2 and point R on L3 are collinear. perpendicular distance of this
[JEE Adv. 2019 P-II] line form the origin is
1 1
a. kˆ − ˆj b. kˆ c. kˆ + ˆj d. kˆ + ˆj (D) Data could not be retrieved. 4. 2/ 3
2 2
a. A→ 2; B→ 4; C→ 3; D→ 1
Matrix Match / Column Match b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
52. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II: d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
[JEE 2006]
Column I Column II 54. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the
(A) Two rays in the first 1. 2 values given in Column II. [JEE 2009 P-II]
quadrant x + y = | a | and Column I Column II
(A) The number of solutions of 1. 1
ax − y = 1intersects each
the equation xe − cos x = 0
sin x
other in the interval
a ∈ ( a0 , ∞ ), the value of  π
in the interval  0, 
 2
a 0 is
(B) Value (s) of k for which the 2. 2
(B) Point (α , β , γ ) lies on the 2. 4/ 3 plane
plane x + y + z = 2. Let kx + 4y + z = 0,4x + ky + 2z = 0

a = α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ, and 2x + 2y + z = 0 intersect

kˆ × (kˆ × a) = 0, then γ = in a straight line
1 0 1 0
3. (C) Value (s) of k for which 3. 3
(C) ∫ (1− y )dx + ∫ ( y
2 2
−1)dy ∫ 1− x dx + ∫ 1+ xdx
0 1
0 1 | x − 1| + | x − 2 | + | x + 1| + | x + 2 |= 4k
(D) If sin A sin B sin C + cos A 4. 1 has integer solution (s)
cos B + 1then the value of (D) If y'y +1 and y(0) = 1 then 4. 4
sin C = value (s) of y (ln2)
a. A→ 4; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 5. 5
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4 a. A→ 1; B→ 2,4; C→ 2,3,4,5; D→ 3
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1 c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
53. Match the statement of Column I with those in Column II d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
[JEE 2006] 55 Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II.
Column I Column II [JEE 2010 P-II]
∞ 1. 0
 1 
(A) ∑ tan −1  2  = t , then Column I Column II
i =1  2i  (A) A line from the origin meets 1. –1
tan t =

@iitjeehelps
Three Dimensional Geometry 331
x − 2 y −1 z +1 Statement or Assertion & Reason
the lines = =
1 −2 1
57. Consider the planes 3x − 6 y − 2z = 15 and 2x + y − 2z = 5
8
x−
and 3 = y + 3 = z − 1 at P Statement-I The parametric equations of the line of
2 −1 1 intersection of the given planes are
and Q respectively. If length x = 3 + 14t , y = 1 + 2t , z = 15t
2
PQ = d, then d is
(B) The values of x satisfying 2. 0 and

tan−1 ( x + 3) − tan−1 ( x − 3) = Statement-II The vectors 14iˆ + 2 ˆj + 15kˆ is parallel to the

3 line of intersection of the given planes. [JEE 2007 P-II]

sin−1   are
5 a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
  3. 4 is a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Non-zero vectors a, b and c
  b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
satisfy a ⋅ b = 0, is not a correct explanation for Statement-II
   
(b − a ) ⋅ (b + c ) = 0 and c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
   
2 | b − c |=| b − a | . If d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
  
a = µb + 4c , then the possible 58. Consider three planes P1 : x − y + z = 1, P2 : x + y − z = −1,
values of µ are P3 : x − 3 y + 3z = 2. Let L1 , L2 , L3 be the lines of
(D) Let f be the function on 4. 5 intersection of the planes P2 and P3 , P3 and P1 , and P1 and
[−π , π ] given by f (0) = 9 and
P2 , respectively.
 9x   x
f ( x ) = sin   sin   for Statement-I: At least two of the lines L1 , L2 and L3 are
 2  2
x ≠ 0. The value of non-parallel.
π
2 and
π ∫
−π
f ( x ) dx is
Statement-II The three planes do not have a common
5. 6
point. [JEE 2008 P-I]
a. A→ 5; B→ 1,3; C→ 2,4; D→ 3
a. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
is a correct explanation for Statement-I
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
b. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
56. Consider the lines x −1 y z+3 x−4 y+3 z+3
L1 : = = , L2 : = = c. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
2 −1 1 1 1 2
and the planes P1 : 7 x + y + 2 z = 3, P2 : 3x + 5 y − 6 z = 4. d. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

Let ax + by + cz = d be the equation of the plane passing

Paragraph
through the point of intersection of lines L1 and L2 , and
Paragraph for Question No. 59 to 61
perpendicular to planes P1 and P2 . [JEE Adv. 2013 P-II]
Column I Column II Consider the line L1 : x + 1 = y + 2 = z + 1 , L2 : x − 2 = y + 2 = z − 3
(A) a = 1. 13 3 1 2 1 2 3

(B) b = 2. – 3 [JEE 2008 P-II]

59. The unit vector perpendicular to both L1 and L2 is
(C) c = 3. 1
(D) d = 4. – 2 −iˆ + 7 ˆj + 7kˆ −iˆ − 7 ˆj + 5kˆ
a. b.
a. A→ 3; B→ 2; C→ 4; D→ 1 99 5 3
b. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
−iˆ + 7 ˆj + 5kˆ 7iˆ − 7 ˆj − kˆ
c. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4 c. d.
5 3 99
d. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1

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332 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
60. The shortest distance between L1 and L2 is ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS
17 41 17 1. (d) The plane is a ( x − 1) + b( y + 2) + c ( z − 1) = 0
a. 0 b. c. d.
3 5 3 5 3
where 2 a − 2b + c = 0
61. The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane passing
and a − b + 2c = 0
through the point (−1, −2, −1) and whose normal is
a b c
perpendicular to both the lines L1 and L2 is ⇒ = =
1 1 0
2 7 13 23 So, the equation of plane is x + y + 1 = 0
a. b. c. d.
75 75 75 75 ∴ Distance of the plane form the point (1, 2, 2)
1+ 2 +1
Integer & Subjective = =2 2
12 + 12
62. Find the equation of the plane containing the line
1 1 1 1
2 x − y + z − 3 = 0, 3x + y + z = 5 and at a distance of 2. (c) D.C of the line are , , .
6 3 3 3
from the point (2, 1, − 1) [JEE 2005] Any point on the line at a distance t from P(2, −1, 2) is
63. Incident ray is along the unit vector v̂ and the reflected
 t t t 
ray is along the unit vector wˆ. The normal is along unit 2 + , −1 + ,2 + 
 3 3 3
vector â outwards. Express ŵ in terms of â and v̂ .
which lies on 2x + y + z = 9 ⇒ t = 3.
[JEE 2005]
x y z
3. (c) Plane 1: ax + by + cz = 0 contains line = =
2 3 4
â
v̂ ŵ ∴ 2a + 3b + 4c = 0 . . .(i)
Plane 2 : a ' x + b ' y + c ' z = 0 is perpendicular to plane
x y z x y z
64. If the distance between the plane Ax − 2 y + z = d and the containing lines = = and = =
3 4 2 4 2 3
x −1 y − 2 z − 3 ∴ 3 a '+ 4 b '+ 2 c ' = 0 and 4 a '+ 2 b ' + 3 c ' = 0
plane containing the lines = = and
2 3 4
a' b' c'
x−2 y−3 z −4 ⇒ = =
= = is 6, then | d | is [JEE 2010 P-I] 12 − 4 8 − 9 6 − 16
3 4 5
⇒ 8 a − b − 10 c = 0 . . .(ii)
65. For a point P in the plane, let d1 ( P ) and d 2 ( P ) be the
distances of the point P from the lines x − y = 0 and a b c
From (i) and (ii) = =
−30 + 4 32 + 20 −2 − 24
x + y = 0 respectively. The area of the region R
consisting of all points P lying in the first quadrant of the ⇒ Equation of plane x − 2 y + z = 0.
plane and satisfying 2 ≤ d1 ( P ) + d 2 ( P ) ≤ 4, is _______
4. (a) Distance of point (1, −2,1) from plane x + 2 y − 2z = α is
[JEE Adv. 2014 P-I]
x −1 y + 2 z −1
66. Let P be a point in the first octant, whose image Q in the 5 ⇒ α = 10. Equation of PQ = = =t
1 2 −2
plane x + y = 3 (that is, the line segment PQ is
5 +α 5
perpendicular to the plane x + y = 3 and the mid-point of Q ≡ (t + 1,2t − 2, −2t + 1) and PQ = 5 ⇒ t = =
PQ lies in the plane x + y = 3) lies on the z-axis. Let the 9 3
distance of P from the x-axis be 5. If R is the image of P  8 4 −7 
⇒ Q ≡  , , .
in the xy-plane, then the length of PR is _____. 3 3 3 
[JEE Adv. 2018 P-II] 5. (a)
  
67. Equation of three lines r = λ i ; r = µ (iˆ + ˆj ); r = γ (iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )
ˆ T(2, 1, 4)

and a plane x + y + z = 1 are given then area of triangle

Q R
formed by point of intersection of line and plane is ∆, then S
x−2 y−3 z −5
(6∆)2 equals [JEE Adv. 2019 P-I] Equation of PQ is = =
1 4 1

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Three Dimensional Geometry 333
Let any point P on any line is (r + 2, 4r + 3, r + 5) Hence equation of required plane is
As P is intersection with 5x − 4 y − x = 1 −
5 11 z
x+ y− −2+
21
=0
2 2 2 2
⇒ 5(r + 2) − 4(4r + 3) − (r + 5) = 1
⇒ 5x − 11y + z = 17
2  4 1 13 
⇒ r = − So, P ≡  , ,  8. (d) Any point B on line is (2λ − 2, − λ –1, 3λ )
3 3 3 3 
Also we take any point on QR is S ≡ t + 2,4t + 3, t + 5 Point B lies on the plane for some λ
⇒ (2λ − 2) + (−λ − 1) + 3λ = 3
So, drs of line ⊥ r to QR (i.e. ST) is (t, 4t +2, t + 1)
3  −5 9 
As ⊥ r ⇒ 4λ = 6 ⇒ λ = ⇒ B ≡  1, , 
2  2 2
⇒ ℓ1ℓ 2 + m1m2 + n1n2 = 0
The foot of the perpendicular from point (–2, –1, 0) on the
⇒ 1 × t + 4 × (4t + 2) + 1× (t + 1) = 0
plane is the point A (0, 1, 2)
1
⇒ t=−  −7 5 
2 ⇒ D.R. of AB = 1, ,  ≡ (2, − 7, 5)
 2 2
3 9
So, S ≡  ,1,  x y −1 z − 2
2 2 Hence = =
2 −7 5
2 2 2
 4 3   1   13 9  1
So, PS =  −  +  − 1 +  −  = 9. (c) Planes are 2 x + y + 2 z − 8 = 0 & 2 x + y + 2 z +
5
=0
3 2 3   3 2 2 2
6. (b,c) Points (1, –1, 0) & (–1, –1, 0) lies on the required 5 21
− (−8)
2 7
plane. Distance is = 2 =
The normal to the plane required is 2 +1 + 2
2 2 2 3 2
i j k 10. (c) Lines are co-planer ⇒ S.D. = 0
= 2 k 2 = iˆ k 2 − 4 − ˆj (2k − 10) + kˆ(4 − 5k ) 2 −1 3 − 4 4 − 5
5 2 k ⇒ 1 1 −k = 0
∴ The equation of required plane containing both the lines is k 2 1
( k 2 − 4) x + (10 − 2 k ) y + 4(4 − 5k ) z = d
1 −1 −1
Point (1, –1, 0) lies on the plane (1)
⇒ 1 1 −k = 0
( k 2 − 4) + (2 k − 10) = d
k 2 1
∴ Equation of plane is
(1 + 2k ) + (1 + k 2 ) − (2 − k ) = 0
( k 2 − 4) x + (10 + 2 k ) y + (4 − 5k ) z = k 2 + 2 k − 14
3k + k 2 = 0
∵ k2 − 4 = 0 ⇒ k = ± 2
k (k + 3) = 0
From (ii) we get, for k = 2, 6 y − 6z = −6 ⇒ y − z = −1
k = 0 or k = − 3
for k = −2 14 y + 14 z = −14 y + z = −1 Exactly two values.
7. (a) Equation of family of planes passing through 11. (b, d) The common perpendicular is along
x + 2 y + 3 z − 2 = 0 and x − y + z − 3 = 0 is iˆ ˆj kˆ
( x + 2 y + 3 z − 2) = 0 and ( x − y + z − 3) = 0 1 2 2 = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ
⇒ (1 + λ ) x + (2 − λ ) y + (3 + λ ) z − (2 + 2λ ) = 0 2 2 1
∴ Distance of (3, 1, –1) from required plane is ℓ

(1 + λ )3 + (2 − λ )1 + (3 + λ )( −1) − (2 + 3λ ) 2 ℓ1
× (0, 0, 0)
= M
(1 + λ ) 2 + (2 − λ ) 2 + (3 + λ ) 2 3

λ 2 7
⇒ = ⇒λ=− ℓ2
3λ + 4λ + 14
2
3 2

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334 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Let M ≡ (2λ , − 3λ , 2λ ) ⇒ m = 0 or n = 0
2λ − 3 −3λ + 1 2λ − 4 Case (i): Case (ii):
So, = = ⇒ λ =1 m=0 n=0
1 2 2
So, M ≡ (2, − 3, 2) ℓ+n=0 ℓ+m=0
Let the required point be P ⇒ ℓ=k ℓ=k

Given that PM = 17 m=0 m = −k

n = −k n=0
⇒ (3 + 2 s − 2) 2 + (3 + 2s + 3) 2 + (2 + s − 2)2 = 17
ℓ = 1/ 2 ℓ =1 2
⇒ 9 s 2 + 28 s + 20 = 0
m=0 n=0
7 7 8
So, P ≡ (−1, –1, 0) or  , , 
9 9 9 n = −1/ 2
1
x − 5 y − 0 z − 0 x −α y z ⇒ cosθ = ⇒ θ = π /3
12. (a,d) = = = = 2
0 3 −α −2 0 −1 2 − α
Will be coplanar if shortest distance is zero x y z −1
15. (c) Case (i): = = = r , Q(r , r ,1)
5 −α 0 0 1 1 0
⇒ 0 3−α −2 = 0 x y z +1
Case (ii) : = = = k , R(k , −k , −1)
0 −1 2 −α 1 −1 0




(5 − α ) (α 2 − 5α + 4) = 0, α = 1, 4, 5 so α = 1, 4 PQ = (λ − r )iˆ + (λ − r ) ˆj + (λ − 1) kˆ and




13. (a) λ − r + λ − r = 0 as PQ is ⊥ to L1
A x −1 y −3 z − 4
= = ⇒ 2λ = 2r ⇒ λ = r
3 1 −5




PR = (λ − k )iˆ + (λ + k ) ˆj + (λ + 1)kˆ and
2x − y + z + 3 = 0




B λ − k − λ − k = 0 as PR is ⊥ to L2
⇒ k = 0 So, PQ ⊥ PR

C (λ − r )(λ − k ) + (λ − r )(λ + k ) + (λ − 1)(λ + 1) = 0

Equation of AB is ⇒ λ = 1, −1 For λ = 1 as points P and Q coincide

x −1 y − 3 z − 4 ⇒ λ = −1.
= = =λ
2 −1 1 16. (d) Let x = 3r + 2
Co-ordinate of point B is y = 4r − 1
⇒ x = 1 + 2λ point satisfy the equation of plane
z = 12 r + 2
y = 3−λ
∴ 3r + 2 − 4r + 1 + 12r + 2 = 16
z = 4+λ
⇒ r =1
2(1 + 2λ ) − (3 − λ ) + (4 + λ ) + 3 = 0
∴ ( x, y, z ) = (5,3,14) Required distance
⇒ λ = −1
⇒ Co-ordinate of point B (–1, 4, 3) = 42 + 32 + 122 = 13
⇒ Co-ordinate of point C (–3, 5, 2)
17. (c) Put z = 0 in first two planes
⇒ equation of line passing through ‘C’ is
∴ 2 x − 5 y = 3 and x + y = 5
x +3 y −5 z −2
= = ⇒ x = 4, y = 1,
3 1 −5
when z = 0
14. (a) ℓ + m + n = 0; ℓ 2 = m2 + n 2
Let x + 3 y + 6 z = k be a plane parallel to given plane.
⇒ ℓ = −(m + n)
∴ 4+3+ 0 = k
⇒ m2 + n 2 + 2mn = m2 + n 2 ⇒ k =7
⇒ mn = 0 ∴ x + 3 y + 6 z = 7 is required plane.

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Three Dimensional Geometry 335
18. (b,d) Let the required plane be x + z + λ y − 1 = 0 x-1 y + 5 z − 9
Equation of line PQ : = = =λ
1 1 1
| λ − 1| 1
⇒ =1 ⇒ λ = − ∴ Q can be taken as (λ + 1, λ − 5, λ + 9)
λ +2
2 2
As Q lies on plane x − y + z = 5
⇒ P3 ≡ 2 x − y + 2 z − 2 = 0
∴ (λ + 1) − (λ − 5) + (λ + 9) = 5
| 2α − β + 2γ − 2 |
Distance of P3 from (α , β , γ ) is 2 =2 λ = −10
4 ×1 + 4
⇒ Q ( −9, −15, −1)
⇒ 2α − β + 2λ + 4 = 0 and 2α − β + 2λ − 8 = 0
∴ Required distance PQ = (1 + 9) 2 + ( −5 + 15) 2 + (9 + 1) 2
19. (a,b) Line L will be parallel to the line of intersection of
P1 and P2 = 100 + 100 + 100 = 10 3
Let a, b and c be the direction ratios of line L 22. (d) (i) (3, −2, −4) lies on the plane
⇒ a + 2b − c = 0 and 2a − b + c = 0 ∴ 3ℓ − 2m + 4 = 9
⇒ a : b : c ::1: −3 : −5 ⇒ 3ℓ − 2m = 5 . . .(i)
x−0 y −0 z −0 (ii) 2ℓ − m − 3 = 0
Equation of line L is = =
1 −3 −5 ⇒ 2ℓ − m = 3 . . .(ii)
Again foot of perpendicular from origin to plane P1 is From (i) and (ii) ℓ = 1 and m = −1
 1 1 1 23. (c) Q (3, 1, 7)
− ,− , 
 6 3 6
∴ Equation of project of line L on plane P1 is x–y+z = 3
1 2 1
x+ y+ z−
6= 6= 6 =k
1 −3 −5
 5 2  1 1 1
Clearly points  0, − , −  and  − , − ,  satisfy the P (–1, 5, 3)
 6 3  6 3 6
x − 3 y − 1 z − 7 2(6)
line of projection i.e. M = = = = −4
Alternative solution 1 −1 1 3
Direction ratio of plane can be found by x = −1, y = 5, z = 3 P ( −1,5,3)
  
( n1 × n2 ) × n1 ≡ (13, −4,5) a( x + 1) + b( y − 5 + c( z − 3) = 0
So, Equation of plane is 13 x − 4 y + 5 z = 0 and point a + 2b + c = 0 . . .(i)
 5 2  1 1 1 a − 5b − 3c = 0
 0, − , −  and  − , − ,  satisfy.
 6 3  6 3 6 a b c
= =
1 λ −1 −1 4 −7
20. (d) λ −1 −1 = 0 1(λ + 1) − λ (−λ 2 + 1) − 1(λ + 1) = 0 −( x + 1) + 4( y − 5) − 7( z − 3) = 0 − x + 4 y − 7 z = 0
1 1 −λ x − 4 y + 7z = 0
λ + 1 + λ − λ − λ − 1 = 0 λ 3 − λ = 0 Three values
3
24. (c) P (1, –2, 3)
21. (b) P (1, −5,9)

x= y=z
F

Q
x− y+z =5
x −1 y + 2 z − 3
Line PQ; = =
1 4 5

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336 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Let F (λ + 1, 4λ − 2, 5λ + 3) iˆ ˆj kˆ
F lines on the plane 28. (c) L1 is parallel to 2 −2 3 = i + ˆj
2(λ + 1) + 3(4λ − 2) − 4(5λ + 3) + 22 = 0 1 −1 1
⇒ − 6λ + 6 = 0
iˆ ˆj kˆ
⇒ λ =1
L 2 is parallel to 1 2 −1 = 3i − 5 ˆj − 7kˆ
F (2, 2, 8)
3 −1 2
⇒ PQ = 2, PF = 2 42
5 8 
Also, L 2 passes through  , ,0 
iˆ ˆj kˆ 7 7 
25. (d) Normal vector 1 −2 3 = 5iˆ + 7 ˆj + 3kˆ 5 8
x− y− z
2 −1 −1 7 7
So, required plane is 1 1 0 =0
So, plane is 5( x − 1) + 7( y + 1) + 3( z + 1) = 0
3 −5 −7
⇒ 5x + 7 y + 3z + 5 = 0
5 + 21 − 21 + 5 10
Distance = ⇒ 7 x − 7 y + 8z = 3 = 0
25 + 49 + 9 83
3 1
Now, perpendicular distance = =
26. (d) Let normal of the plane have dr's (a, b, c) 162 3 2
ˆi ˆj kˆ
29. (a) B(4,–1,3)
∴ ( aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ ) = 2 1 −2 = −14iˆ − 2ˆj − 15kˆ
3 −6 −2

n = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
∴ Plane 14x + 2y + 15z = d
⇒ 14x + 2y + 15z = 31. A C
(5,–1,4)

27 (c, d) Equation of planes : P1 : 2 x + y − z = 3 

Normal to the plane x + y + z = 7 is n = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
P2 : x + 2 y + z = 2
AB = −iˆ − kˆ
Let direction ratios of line of intersection of planes
P1 and P2 are < a, b, c > ⇒ AB = AB = 2

∴ 2a + b − c = 0  
BC = Length of projection of AB on n = AB ⋅ n
and a + 2b + c = 0.
∴ Direction ratios =< 1, − 1,1 > (iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) 2
= ( − iˆ − kˆ ) ⋅ =
3 3
x − 4/3 y − 1/ 3 z
The given line is : = = Length of projection of the line segment on the plane is AC
3 −3 3
4 2 2
It is parallel to the line of intersection of P1 and P2 . AC 2 = AB 2 − BC 2 = 2 − = AC 2 =
3 3 3
2 + 2 −1 1
∴ cos θ = = ⇒ θ = 60º 30. (b) P= (2,–1,4)
6 6 2
Equation of plane P3 is
1.( x − 4) − ( y − 2) + ( z + 2) = 0
∴ P3 : x − y + z = 0 M
<10,–7,1>
A(–3,2,0) (10λ–3,–7λ+2,λ)
Distance of plane P3 from point (2, 1, 1)
 −3 1 
2 −1 +1 2 ≡  2, , 
= = units  2 2
1+1+1 3



Now MP ⋅ (10iˆ − 7 ɵj + kˆ) = 0

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Three Dimensional Geometry 337
1  iˆ ˆj kˆ 
⇒ λ=   
2 (V2 ) =  1 2 −1 = 3iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
∴ Length of perpendicular  −2 0 6 
 
1 49 50 25 5
( = PM ) = 0 + + = = = Required equation of line is
4 4 4 2 2
x + 4 y − 3 z −1
Which is greater than 3 but less than 4. ⇒ = =
3 −1 1
31. (b) The required plane is
35. (b) Vector along the normal to the plane containing the
(2x – y – 4) + λ (y + 2z – 4) = 0 lines
it passes through (1, 1, 0)
x y z x y z
⇒ (2 – 1 – 4) + λ(1 – 4) = 0 = = and = =
3 4 2 4 2 3
⇒ –3 – 3λ = 0 ⇒ λ = –1
⇒ x–y–z=0 is (8iˆ − ˆj − 10kˆ)

32. (c) Let the plane be vector perpendicular to the vectors 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and
(x + y + z – 1) +λ (2x + 3y + 4z – 5) = 0 8iˆ − ˆj −10kˆ is 26iˆ − 52 ˆj + 26kˆ
⇒ (2λ +1)x +(3λ +1)y + (4λ +1)z –(5λ +1) = 0 so, required plane is
⊥ to the plane x – y + z = 0 26x – 52y + 26z = 0
1 x – 2y + z = 0
⇒ λ=−
3
x −b y z −d
⇒ the required plane is x – z + 2 = 0 36. (b) Line x = ay + b, z = cy + d ⇒ = =
a 1 c
33. (a) Equation of plane Line a′z + b′z , y = c′z + d ′
( x + y + z − 1) + λ (2 x + 3 y − z + 4) = 0
x − b′ y − d ′ z
(1 + 2λ ) x + (1 + 3λ ) y + (1 − λ ) z − 1 + 4λ = 0 ⇒ = =
a′ c′ 1
dr’s of normal of the plane are Given both the lines are perpendicular
1 + 2 λ ,1 + 3 λ ,1 − λ
⇒ aa' + c' + c = 0
Since plane is parallel to y – axis 1 + 3λ = 0

⇒ λ= –1/3 37. (d) Let n be the normal vector to the plane passing
So the equation of plane is through (4, –1, 2) and parallel to the lines L1 & L2
x + 4z − 7 = 0 iˆ ˆj kˆ
Point (3,2,1) satisfies this equation 
then n = 3 −1 2
Hence Answer is (c) 1 2 3
34. (b) 
∴ n = 7iˆ − 7 ˆj + 7 kˆ
(–4,3,1) ∴ Equation of plane is
<–3, 2,–1>
−1( x − 4) − 1( y + 1) + 1( z − 2) = 0
(–1,3,2)
∴ x + y − z −1 = 0
<a,b,c>
New check options
Normal vector of plane containing two intersecting lines is 38. (b) A(–3,–3, 4)

parallel to vector
 iˆ ˆj kˆ 
   (0, 2, 5)
(V1 ) =  3 0 1  = −2iˆ + 6kˆ
 −3 2 −1
 
p : 3(x – 0) + 5 (y – 2) + 1 (z – 5)
Required line is parallel to vector
=0
3x + 5y + z = 15

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338 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
39. (c) General point on the given line is 45. (c) Point on L1 (λ + 3, 3λ – 1, –λ + 6)
x = 2λ + 4 Point on L2 (7µ – 5, –6µ + 2, 4µ + 3)
y = 2λ + 5 ⇒ λ + 3 = 7µ – 5 . . . (i)
z=λ+3 3λ – 1 = –6µ + 2 . . . (ii)
Solving with plane, ⇒ λ = –1, µ = 1
2 λ + 4 + 2 λ + 5 +λ + 3 = 2 point R(2,–4,7)
5λ + 12 = 2 Reflection is (2,–4,–7)
5λ = –10
λ = –2 46. (c) b + c = 11λ, c + a = 12λ, a + b = 13λ
⇒ a = 7λ, b = 6λ, c = 5λ
40. (b ,d) Let the equation of plane be
(using cosine formula)
a(x – 0) + b(y + 1) + c(z – 0) = 0
1 19 5
It passes through (0,0,1) then cos A = , cos B = , cos C =
5 35 7
b+c=0 . . . (i)
α : β : γ ⇒ 7 : 19 : 25
π a(0) + b(1) + c(−1)
Now cos =
4 2 a 2 + b2 + c 2 i j k
⇒ 2
a = –2bc and b = –c 47. (a) 3 5 7
we get a2 = 2c2 1 4 7
⇒ a = ± 2c iˆ(35 − 28) − ˆj (21.7) + kˆ(12 − 5)
⇒ direction ratio (a,b,c) = ( 2 , − 1,1) or ( 2 ,1,–1)
7iˆ − 14 ˆj + 7 kˆ
41. (a) The normal vector of required plane iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
= (2 iˆ − ˆj + 3 kˆ ) × (2 iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ ) = − 8 iˆ + 8 ˆj + 8 kˆ
1( x + 2) − 2( y − 2) + 1( z + 15) = 0
So, direction ratio of normal is (–1, 1, 1)
x − 2 y + z + 11 = 0
So required plane is
–(x – 3) + (y + 2) + (z – 1) = 0 11 11
=
⇒ –x + y + z + 4 = 0 Which is satisfied by (2, 0, –2) 4 +1+1 6

42. (d) Normal vector of plane 48. (c) DR's of line are 2, 1, –2
i j k normal vector of plane is iˆ − 2 ˆj − kkˆ
= 2 −5 0 = −4(5iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ) (2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ).(iˆ − 2 ˆj − kkˆ)
sin α =
4 −4 4 3 1+ 4 + k2
equation of plane is 5( x − 7) + 2 y − 3( z − 6) = 0 2k
sin α = . . .(i)
5x + 2 y − 3z = 17 3 k2 + 5

43. (c) b + c = 11λ, c + a = 12λ, a + b = 13λ cos α =

2 2
. . .(ii)
⇒ a = 7λ, b = 6λ, c = 5λ(using cosine formula) 3
1 19 5 5
cos A = , cos B = , cos C = (1)2 + (2)2 = 1 ⇒ k 2 =
5 35 7 3
α : β : γ ⇒ 7 : 19 : 25 49. (b) All four points are coplaner so
44. (d) Normal vector of plane 1− λ2 2 0
i j k 2 −λ + 1
2
=0
0
= 2 −5 0 = −4(5iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ) 2 2 −λ 2 − 1
4 −4 4
(λ 2 + 1)2 (3 − λ 2 ) = 0
equation of plane is 5( x − 7) + 2 y − 3( z − 6) = 0
λ=± 3
5x + 2 y − 3z = 17

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Three Dimensional Geometry 339
50. (b,c,d) 1
2 4
1

Both given lines are skew lines. = 2∫ x dx = 2 ⋅ ⋅ x3/ 2 =

0
3 0 3
So direction ratios of any line perpendicular to these
lines are 6iˆ + 6 ˆj − 3kˆ < 2, 2, −1 > (D) sin A sin B sin C + cos A cos B ≤ sin A sin B + cos A cos B = cos( A − B )
sin A sin B sin C + cos A cos B ≤ sin A sin B + cos A cos B = cos( A − B )
Points at shortest distance between given lines are
⇒ cos( A − B ) ≥ 1
A (1 − λ , 2λ , 2λ )
⇒ cos( A − B ) = 1 ⇒ sin C = 1
L1
53. (a)
∞
 1 
L2
(A) ∑ tan −1
 2i 2  = t
B (2 µ , − µ , 2 µ ) i =1



 ∞
 ∞
Now ∑ tan −1  2
2
AB ⊥ lineL1 = ∑[tan −1 (2i + 1) − tan −1 (2i − 1)]



 i =1  4i − 1 + 1  i =1
AB ⊥ lineL2
= [(tan −1 3 − tan −1 ) + (tan −1 5 − tan −1 3) + ... + tan −1 (2 + 1) − tan −1 (2 − 1)
8 2 2
So A  , ,  = [(tan −1 3 − tan −1 ) + (tan −1 5 − tan −1 3) + ... + tan −1 (2n + 1) − tan −1 (2n − 1)... ∞]
9 9 9
2n
Now equation of required line t = tan −1 (2n + 1) − tan −1 1 = lim tan −1
n →∞ 1 + (2n + 1)
 8
 9
2
9
2 
r =  iˆ + ˆj + kˆ  + α 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ
9 
( ) ⇒
n
tan t = lim ⇒ t=
π
n +1
n →∞ 4
Now by option b, c, d are correct.
θ
51. (a,d) 1 − tan 2 1
(B) We have cos θ1 = 2 = a
P(λ ,0,0) 2 θ1 b+c
1 + tan
Q (0, µ ,1) 2
R (1,1, γ ) θ b+c−a
⇒ tan 2 1 =
2 b+c+a






 λ − µ −1
PQ = k PR ⇒ = = θ
λ − 1 −γ −γ 1 − tan 2 3
Also, cosθ 3 = 2 = c
θ
1 + tan 2 3 a + b
1 1
⇒ 1+ =µ= ⇒ µ cannot take value of 1 and 0
λ −1 γ 2
θ3 a + b − c
52. (a) ⇒ tan 2 =
2 a+b+c
(A) Solving the two equations of ray i.e., x + y = | a | and
2 θ1 2 θ3 2b 2
ax − y = 1 ∴ tan + tan = =
2 2 3b 3
| a | +1 | a | −1
We get x = > 0 and y = >0 (C) Line through (0, 1) and perpendicular to plane
a +1 a +1
x − 0 y −1 z −1
When a + 1 > 0; we get a > 1, ∴ a0 = 1 x + 2 y + 2 z = 0 is given by = = =r
1 2 2
 
(B) We have a = αiˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ ⇒ a ⋅ kˆ = γ Let P ( r , 2r + 1, 2r ) be the foot of perpendicular on the
  straight line then
Now; kˆ × (kˆ × aˆ ) = (kˆ ⋅ a)kˆ − (kˆ ⋅ kˆ)a = γ kˆ − (α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ)
 2
r × 1 + (2r + 1)2 + 2 × 2r = 0 ⇒ r = −
= α iˆ + β ˆj = 0 9
⇒ α = β = 0 As α + β +γ = 2 ⇒ γ = 2  2 5 4
∴ Point is given by  − , , − 
1 0 1
4  9 9 9
∫ (1 − y )dy + ∫ ( y − 1)dy = 2∫ (1 − y 2 )dy =
2 2
(C) ∴ Required perpendicular distance
0 1 0
3
4 + 25 + 16 5
1 0 1 = = units
∫ 1 − x dx + ∫
−1
1 + x dx = 2∫ 1 − x dx 81 3
0 0 (D) Data could not be retrieved.
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340 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
x x
54. (a) 2 sin 9( x / 2) 2 sin 9( x / 2)
(A) f '( x) > 0, ∀x ∈ (0, π / 2)
(D) I =
π −
∫π sin( x / 2)
dx = × 2 ∫
π 0
sin( x / 2)
dx

f (0) < 0and f (π / 2) > 0 x / 2 = θ ⇒ dx = 2dθ

so one solution. x = 0,θ = 0
(B) Let (a, b, c) is direction ratio of the intersected line, then x =π θ =π /2
ak + 4b + c = 0 8
π /2
sin 9θ
4a + kb + 2c = 0
I=
π ∫
0
sin θ
dθ

a b c π /2
= = 8 (sin 9θ − sin 7θ ) (sin 7θ − sin 5θ )
8 − k 4 − 2 k k 2 − 16 =
π ∫
0 sin θ
+
sin θ
−4x 4x
(sin 5θ − sin 3θ ) (sin 3θ − sin θ ) sin θ
+ + + dθ
4 − 2x
6
2x − 4 sin θ sin θ sin θ
π /2 π /2
16 8
−2 −1 1 2 =
π ∫
0
(cos 8θ + cos 6θ + cos 4θ + cos 2θ + 1) d θ +
π ∫
0
dθ

We must have 16  sin 8θ sin 6θ sin 4θ sin 2θ  8 π / 2

= + + + + [θ ]0
2(8 − k ) + 2(4 − 2 k ) + ( k − 16) = 0
2 π  8 6 4 2  π
⇒ k = 2,4. 8 π 
= 0+ × −0 = 4
(C) Let f ( x) =| x + 2 | + | x + 1| + | x − 1| + | x − 2 | π  2 

⇒ k can take value 2, 3, 4, 5. 56. (a)

dy Plane perpendicular to P1 and P2 has Direction
(D) ∫ y + 1 =∫ dx ⇒ f ( x ) = 2 e x − 1 ⇒ f (ln 2) = 3
Ratios of normal
55. (a) iˆ ˆj kˆ
(A) Let the line be
x y z
= = intersects the lines 7 1 2 = −16iˆ + 48 ˆj + 32kˆ . . .(i)
a b c 3 5 −6
⇒ S.D = 0 ⇒ a + 3b + 5c = 0 and
For point of intersection of lines
3a + b − 5c = 0 ⇒ a : b : c :: 5r : −5r : 2r
on solving with given lines we get points of intersection (2λ1 + 1, − λ1 , λ1 − 3) ≡ (λ2 + 4, λ2 − 3, 2λ2 − 3)

 10 10 8  ⇒ 2λ1 + 1 = λ2 + 4 or 2λ1 − λ2 = 3
P ≡ (5, −5, 2) and Q ≡  , − , 
3 3 3 −λ1 = λ2 − 3 or λ1 + λ2 = 3
⇒ PQ = d = 6.
2 2
⇒ λ1 = 2, λ2 = 1
(B) tan −1 ( x + 3) − tan −1 ( x − 3) = sin −1 (3 / 5) ∴ Point is (5, –2, –1) . . .(ii)
( x + 3) − ( x − 3) 3 From (i) and (ii), required plane is
⇒ tan −1 = tan −1
1 + ( x − 9)
2
4 –1( x − 5) + 3( y + 2) + 2( z + 1) = 0
6 3 or − x + 3 y + 2 z = −13
⇒ =
x −8 4
2
x − 3 y − 2 z = 13
∴ x2 − 8 = 8 or x =±4. ⇒ a = 1, b = −3, c = −2, d = 13.
   
(C) As a = µ b + 4 c ⇒ µ (| b |) = − 4 b ⋅ c and | b |2 = 4 a ⋅ c and
     57. (d) 3x − 6 y − 2z = 15 ,
| b |2 + b ⋅ c − d ⋅ c = 0
  2x + y − 2z = 5
Again, 2 | b + c |= | b − a | as
   For z = 0,
Solving and eliminating b ⋅ c and eliminating | a |2
 we get x = 3, y = −1
we get (2 µ 2 − 10 µ ) | b |2 = 0 ⇒ µ = 0 and 5.

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Three Dimensional Geometry 341
Direction vectors of plane are < 3 − 6 − 2 > and wˆ − vˆ = λ aˆ
< 2 1 − 2 > then the dr’s of line of intersection of planes is ⇒ 1 + 1 − wˆ ⋅ vˆ = λ 2
< 14 2 15 > or 2 − 2 cos 2θ = λ 2
x − 3 y +1 z − 0 or λ = 2sin θ
= = =λ
14 2 15
where 2θ is the angle between v̂ and ŵ .
⇒ x = 14λ + 3, y = 2λ −1, z = 15λ
Hence wˆ − vˆ = 2sin θ aˆ
Hence, statement 1 is false. But statement 2 is true.
= 2 cos(90° − θ )aˆ
58. (d) The direction cosines of each of the lines L1 , L2 , L3 are
proportional to (0,1,1). = −(2aˆ ⋅ vˆ)aˆ
⇒ wˆ = vˆ − 2(aˆ ⋅ vˆ)aˆ
i j k
59. (b) 3 1 2 = −iˆ − 7 ˆj + 5kˆ
1 2 3 64. (6) 21 + 3m + 4n = 0
31 + 4m + 5n = 0
− iˆ − 7 ˆj + 5 kˆ
Hence unit vector will be . 1 m n
5 3 = =
−1 2 −1
(1 + 2)(−1) + (2 − 2)(−7) + (1 + 3)(5) 17 Equation of plane will be
60. (d) S.D. = = .
5 3 5 3
a( x − 1) + b( y − 2) + c ( z − 3) = 0
61. (c) Plane is given by −( x + 1) − 7( y + 2) + 5( z + 1) = 0 −1( x − 1) + 2( y − 2) − 1( z − 3) = 0
⇒ x + 7 y − 5z + 10 = 0 −x +1+ 2 y − 4 − z + 3 = 0
1 + 7 − 5 + 10 13 −x + 2 y − z = 0
⇒ distance = = .
75 75 x − 2y + z = 0
62. Let the equation of plane be
|d |
(3λ + 2) x + (λ − 1) y + (λ + 1) z − 5λ − 3 = 0 = 6
6
6λ + 4 + λ − 1 − λ − 1 − 5λ − 3 1 d = 6.
⇒ =
(3λ + 2) + (λ − 1) + (λ + 1)
2 2 2
6
⇒ 6 ( λ − 1) 2 = 11 λ 2 + 12 λ + 6 y=x
24
⇒ λ = 0, − 65. (6)
5
⇒ The planes are 2 x − y + z − 3 = 0 and
P(α , β )
62 x + 29 y + 19 z − 105 = 0

x= 2 x=2 2
63. â
ŵ
(90-θ) 2 ≤ d1 ( p ) + d 2 ( p ) ≤ 4
2θ For P (α , β ), α > β
mirror

v̂ ⇒ 2 2 ≤ 2α ≤ 4 2
2 ≤α ≤ 2 2
v̂ is unit vector along the incident ray and ŵ is the unit ⇒ Area of region
vector along the reflected ray. Hence â is a unit vector = ((2 2) 2 − ( 2) 2 )
along the external bisector of v̂ and ŵ . Hence = 8 − 2 = 6 sq. units

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342 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
67. (75)
66. (8) P = (α , β , γ ), Q = (0,0, K ) as it lie on z-axis Put (λ , 0, 0) in x + y + z = 1 ⇒ λ = 1 ⇒ P(1, 0, 0)

α β γ + K  Put ( µ , µ , 0) ⇒ 2µ = 1
mid-point of PQ, i.e.  , ,  satisfies
2 2 2  1 1 
⇒ Q , ,0
x+ y =3 2 2 
⇒ α +β =6 . . . (i) 1
Put (γ , γ , γ ) ⇒ γ =
3
d.r. of PQ = (α − 0, β − 0, γ − K ) = ( p , p ,0)
1 1 1
⇒ α = β &γ = K . . . (ii) ⇒ R , , 
3 3 3
∴ (i) & (ii)
Area of triangle
⇒α = β =3
1





 1  iˆ − ˆj   2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ 
∴ P = (α , α , K ) = (3,3, K ) PQR = | PQxPR |=   x 
2 2  2   3 
distance of P from x-axis = 5
⇒ β 2 + γ 2 = 25 ⇒ α 2 + K 2 = 25 ⇒ 32 + K 2 = 25 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 3
= | i + j + k |= ⇒ (6 ∆ ) 2 = 0.75
12 12
⇒ | K |= 4 Length of PR = 2 | K |= 8

  

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Mathematical Reasoning 343

24 Mathematical Reasoning
QUICK LOOK The Components of Statements are:
p : A line is straight
Mathematical Reasoning: In mathematical language, there are q : A line extends indefinitely in both directions.
two kinds of reasoning-inductive and deductive. We have
Both these statements are true, therefore, the compound
already discussed the inductive reasoning in the context of
statement is true.
mathematical induction. In this chapter, we shall discuss some

p and q : 0 is less than every positive integer and every
fundamentals of deductive reasoning.
negative integer.
Statement: A sentence is called mathematically acceptable The Components of Statements are:
statement if it is either true or false but not both. p : 0 is less than every positive integer.
q : 0 is less than every negative integer.
Negation of Statement: The denial of a statement is called
The second statement is false. Therefore, the compound
negation of the statement. If p is a statement, then the negation
statement is false.
of p is also a statement and is denoted by ∼ p and read and

p and q : All living things have two legs and two eyes.
‘not p’
For example, If The Components of Statements are:
p : All living things have two legs.
p : Diagonals of a rectangle are equal, Then
q : All living things have two eyes.
∼ p : Diagonals of a rectangle are not equal.
Both these statements are false. Therefore, the compound
This may also be written as
statements is false.
∼ p : It if false that diagonals of a rectangle are equal.
We may also write it as
Caution
∼ p : There is at least one rectangle whose diagonals are not
A statement with ‘And’ is not always a compound statement.
equal. For example, consider the statement:
A mixture of alcohol and water can be separated by chemical
Compound Statement: A compound statement is a statement
methods.
which is made up of two or more statements. Each statement is
This statement cannot be considered as a compound statement
called a compound statement.
with ‘And’. Here, the word ‘And’ refers to two things – alcohol
and water.
The Connecting Word ‘AND’
We can connect the two statement by the word ‘AND’
The Connecting Word ‘OR’
For example, p : All rational numbers are real
The statement p, q may be connected by the connecting word
q : All real numbers are complex
‘OR’, i.e., p or q.
p and q : All rational numbers are real and all real numbers
For example,
are complex. p : Cold drink is available at dinner.
Truth Value of p and q
q : Coffee is available at dinner.
The compound statement with ‘and’ is true if all its compounds
of statements are true otherwise it is false, i.e., it is false when p or q : Cold drink or coffee is available at dinner.
(i) p is true and q is false; (ii) p is false and q is true; (iii)
Exclusive ‘OR’
p is false and q is false
In a statement p or q, if exactly one of the two alternatives
For example, consider the following compound statements:
occurs, the connecting of world ‘OR’ is exclusive.

p and q: A line is straight and extends indefinitely in both
For example, consider the statement
directions.

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344 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
q or q : An ice cream or pepsi is available with a thali in a Implications
restaurant. The statements with “If-then”, “only ir” and “if and only if” are
This means that a person who does not want ice cream can have known as implications.
a pepsi along with thali or one does not want pepsi can have an “If p then q”
ice cream along with thali. A person cannot have both ice The statement “if p then q” says that in the event if p is true
cream and pepsi. This is called exclusive ‘OR’. then q must be true.
For example, consider the following statement:
Inclusive ‘OR’ If a number is a multiple of 4 then it is a multiple of 2.
In a statement p or q, if at least one of the two alternatives Here, p: A number is a multiple of 4.
occurs, the connecting of word “OR” is inclusive. q: The number is a multiple of 2.
For example, consider the statement. When p is true i.e., a number is a multiple of 4, then q is true
i.e., the number is a multiple of 2.
p or q : A student who has taken physics or mathematics can
apply for M.Tech programme. This means that the students “If p then q” is the same as the following:
who have taken physics or mathematics or both can apply for
p implies q: It is denoted by p ⇒ q. The symbol ⇒
the M. Tech programme. In this case, we are using inclusive stands for implies.
‘OR’ This says that a number is a multiple of 4 implies that it is a
multiple of 2.
Truth Value of p or q
p is a sufficient condition for q.
hen p and q statements both are false, then p or q is also false,
This says that knowing that a number is a multiple of 4 is
otherwise it is true.
Thus, p or q is true when sufficient to conclude that it is a multiple of 2.
(i) p is true, q is false.
p only if q.
(ii) p is false, q is true. This says that a number is a multiple of 4 only if it is a
(iii) p and q both are true. multiple of 2.

q is necessary condition for p.
Quantifiers This says that when a number is a multiple of 4, it is
Quantifiers are phrases like, “There exists” and “For all”.
necessary a multiple of 2.
“There Exists”

~ q implies ~ p.
There exists, is used of at least one.
For example, consider the statement This says that if a number is not a multiple of 2, then it is
p: There exists, a quadrilateral whose all sides are equal. not a multiple of 4.
The statements is equivalent to
There is at least one quadrilateral whose all sides are equal. Truth Value of “If p then q”.
Truth value of the statement ‘If p then q” is false when p is true
“For All” and q is false otherwise it is true i.e., it is true when
The quantifier “for all” or “for every” can be interpreted as (i) p is true, q is true
saying that all the members of the given set S where the (ii) p is false, q is true
property applies must satisfy that property. (iii) p is false, q is false
For example, consider the statement
Note
p: For every prime number p, p is an irrational number. There methods are adopted to test the truth value of this
This means that if S denotes the set of all prime numbers, then statement:
for all the members p of the set S, P is an irrational number.
Assuming that p is true, prove that q must be true.

Assuming that q is false, prove that p must be false.
Note: The words ‘And’ and ‘Or’ are called connectives and
Assuming that p is true and q is false, obtain a
‘There exists’ and ‘For all’ care called quantifiers. contradiction.
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Mathematical Reasoning 345
Converse Statement Construction of Truth Table: In order to construct the truth
If p and q are two statements, then the converse of the table for a compound statement, we first prepare a table
implication “if p then q” is “if q then p”. consisting of rows and columns. At the top of the initial
columns, we write the variables denoting the sub-statements or
Contrapositive Statement constituent statements and then we write their truth values, in
If p and q are two statements, then the contrapositive of the the last column. We write the truth value of the compound
implication “if p then q” if “if ∼ q then ∼ p ". statement on the basis of the truth values of the constituent
“If And Only If” Implication statements written in the initial columns.
If p and q are two statements, then the compound statement
p ⇒ q and q ⇒ p is called “if and only if” implication and is Basic Logical Connectives or Logical Operators
Definition: The phrases or words which connect simple
denoted by p ⇔ q.
statements are called logical connectives or sentential
connectives or simply connectives or logical operators. In the
Truth Value of “If and Only if”
following table, we list some possible connectives, their
The statement with “if and only if” is true when
symbols and the nature of the compound statement formed by
(i) p is true, q is true
them.
(ii) p is false, q is false

The statement with “if and only if” is false when Table 24.1: Connective and Symbol
Connective Symbol Nature of the compound statement
(i) p is true, q is false
formed by using the connective
(ii) p is false, q is true and ∧ Conjunction
or ∨ disjunction
Use of Venn Diagrams in Checking Truth and Falsity of If....then ⇒ or → Implication or conditional
Statements If and only if (iff) ⇔ or ↔ Equivalence or bi-conditional
In this section, we shall discuss how Venn diagrams are used to not ~ or ৑ Negation
represent truth and falsity of statements or propositions. For

Conjunction: Any two simple statements can be connected
this, let us consider the statement: “All teachers are scholars”.
by the word “and” to form a compound statement called the
Let us assume that this statement is true. To represent the truth
conjunction of the original statements. Symbolically if p
of the above statement, we define the following sets
U and q are two simple statements, then p ∧ q denotes the
S
T conjunction of p and q and is read as “p and q”.

Disjunction or alternation Any two statements can be
x
connected by the word “or” to form a compound statement
called the disjunction of the original statements.
Figure 24.1: Venn Diagram Symbolically, if p and q are two simple statements, then
U = the set of all human beings p ∨ q denotes the disjunction of p and q and is read as “ p
S = the set of all scholars or q”.
And T = the set of all teachers
Negation: The denial of a statement p is called its negation,
Clearly, S ⊂ U and T ⊂ U written as ~ p. Negation of any statement p is formed by
writing “It is not the case that ...“or” It is false that...” before
According to the above statement, if follows that
p or, if possible by inserting in p the word “not”.
T ⊂ S . Thus, the truth of the above statement can be
Negation is called a connective although it does not
represented by the Venn diagram shown in
combine two or more statements. In fact, it only modifies a
statement.
Truth Tables

Implication or conditional statements: Any two
Definition: A table that shows the relationship between the
statements connected by the connective phrase “if..then”
truth value of a compound statement S (p, q, r,..) and the truth
give rise to a compound statement which is known as an
values of its sub-statement p, q, r, .....etc, is called the truth
implication or a conditional statement.
table of statement S.

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346 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
If p and q are two statements forming the implication ‘if p
Negation of conjunction: If p and q are two statements,
then q′, then we denote this implication by " p ⇒ q " or then ~ ( p ∧ q) ≡ (~ p ∨ ~ q)
" p → q " . In the implication " p ⇒ q " , p is the antecedent
Negation of disjunction: If p and q are two statements,
and q is the consequent. Truth table for a conditional a then ~( p ∨ q) ≡ (~ p∧ ~ q)
statement
Negation of implication: If p and q are two statements,
then ~ ( p ⇒ q ) = ( p ∧ ~ q )
Table 24.2: Truth Table
p q p⇒q
Negation of biconditional statement or equivalence: If p
T T T and q are two statements, then
T F F ~ ( p ⇔ q ) = ( p ∧ ~ q) ∨ (q ∧ ~ p)
F T T
F F T
Tautologies and Contradictions

Biconditional statement: A statement is a biconditional Let p, q, r,.... be statements, then any statement involving
statement if it is the conjunction of two conditional p, q, r ,....and the logical connectives ∧, ∨, ~, ⇒, ⇔ is called a
statements (implications) one converse to the other.
statement pattern or a Well Formed Formula (WFF). For
example
Thus, if p and q are two statements, then the compound

p∨q
statement p ⇒ q and q ⇒ p is called a biconditional

p⇒q
statements or an equivalence and is denoted by p ⇔ q.

(( p ∧ q ) ∨ r ) ⇒ ( s ∧ ~ s )
Thus, p ⇔ q : ( p ⇒ q) ∧ (q ⇒ p)

( p ⇒ q) ⇔ (~ q ⇒ ~ p ) etc. are statement patterns.
Truth Table for a Biconditional Statement: Since p ⇔ q is
the conjunction of p ⇒ q and q ⇒ p. So, we have the A statement is also a statement pattern. Thus, we can define
following truth table for p ⇔ q. statement pattern as follows.

Statement pattern: A compound statement with the
Table 24.3 : Truth Table repetitive use of the logical connectives is called a statement
p⇔ q pattern or a well- formed formula.
p q p ⇒q q ⇒p
(p⇒q) ^(q⇒p)
Tautology: A statement pattern is called a tautology, if it is
T T T T T always true, whatever may be the truth values of constitute
T F F T F statements. A tautology is called a theorem or a logically
F T T F F
valid statement pattern. A tautology, contains only T in the
F F T T T
last column of its truth table.

Contradiction: A statement pattern is called a
Logically Equivalent Statement: Two compound S1 ( p, q, r ,...)
contradiction, if it is always false, whatever may the truth
and S2 ( p, q, r...) are said to be logically equivalent, or simply values of its constitute statements. In the last column of the
equivalent if they have the same truth values for all logically truth table of contradiction there is always F.
possibilities.
If statements S1 ( p, q, r ,...) and S2 ( p, q, r...) are logically Note: The negation of a tautology is a contradiction and vice
equivalent, then we write S1 ( p, q, r ,...) ≡ S2 ( p, q, r...) versa.

It follows from the above definition that two statements S1 and

Algebra of Statements
S2 are logically equivalent if they have identical truth tables In the previous section, we have seen that statements satisfy
i.e., the entries in the last column of the truth tables are same. many standard results. In this section, we shall state those
results as laws of algebra of statements. The following are some
Negation of Compound Statements: Writing the negation of laws of algebra of statements.
compound statements having conjunction, disjunctions,
Idempotent laws: For any statement p, we have, (a)
implication, equivalence, etc, is not very simple. So, let us p ∨ p ≡ p, (b) p ∧ p ≡ p
discuss the negation of compound statement.
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Mathematical Reasoning 347

Commutative laws: For any two statements p and q, we
For all x, y ∈ B
have, (a) p ∨ q ≡ q ∨ p, (b) p ∧ p ≡ q ∧ p (a) x ∨ y ∈ B (Closure property for ∨)

Association laws: For any three statements p, q, r, we (b) x ∧ y ∈ B (Closure property for ∧)
have, (a) ( p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ p ∨ (q ∨ r ), (b)

For all x, y ∈ B
( p ∧ q ) ∧ r ≡ p ∧ (q ∧ r )
(a) x ∨ y = y ∨ x (Commutative law for ∨)

Distributive laws: For any three statements p, q, r we
(b) x ∧ y = y ∧ x (Commutative law for ∧)
have, (a) p ∧ ( p ∨ q ) ≡ ( p ∧ q) ∨ (q ∧ r ), (b)

For all x, y and z in B,
p ∨ ( p ∧ q) ≡ ( p ∨ q) ∧ (q ∨ r )
(a) ( x ∨ y ) ∨ z = x ∨ ( y ∨ z ) (Associative law of ∨)

Demorgan’s laws: If p and q are two statements, then (a)
(b) ( x ∧ y ) ∧ z = x ∧ ( y ∧ z ) (Associative law of ∧)
~ ( p ∧ q) ≡~ p∨ ~ q, (b) ~ ( p ∨ q ) ≡ ~ p ∧ ~ q

(iv) For all x, y and z in B,

Identity laws: If t and c denote a tautology and a
(a) x ∨ ( y ∧ z ) = ( x ∨ y ) ∧ ( x ∨ z ) (Distributive law of ∨ over
contradiction respectively, then for any statement p, we
have (a) p ∧ t ≡ p, (b) p ∨ c ≡ p, (c) p ∨ t ≡ t , (d) ∧)
p ∧ c ≡ c. (b) x ∧ ( y ∨ z ) = ( x ∧ y ) ∨ ( x ∧ z ) (Distributive law of ∧

Complement laws: For any statements p, we have, (a) over ∨)

p ∨ ~ p = t , (b) p∧ ~ p = c, (c) ~ t = c, (d) ~ c = t ,
There exist elements denoted by 0 and 1 in B such that for
where t and c denote a tautology and a contradiction all x ∈ B ,
respectively. (a) x ∨ 0 = x (0 is identity for ∨)

Law of contrapositive: For any two statements p and q, we (b) x ∧ 1 = x (1 is identity for ∧)
have, p ⇒q ≡~ q ⇒~ p
(vi) For each x ∈ B, there exists an element denoted by x′,

Involution laws: For any statement p, we have, called the complement or negation of x in B such that
~ (~ p) ≡ p (a) x ∨ x ' = 1
(b) x ∧ x ' = 0 (Complement laws)
Duality: Two compound statements S1 and S 2 are said to be
duals of each other if one can be obtained from the other by Principle of Duality: The dual of any statement in a boolean
replacing ∧ by ∨ and ∨ by ∧ . aglebra B is the statement obtained by interchanging the

The connective ∧ and ∨ are also called duals of each other operation ∨ and ∧, and simultaneously interchanging the

If a compound statements contains the special variable t elements 0 and 1 in the original statement. In a boolean algebra,
(tautology) or c (contradiction), then to obtain its dual we the zero element 0 and the unit element 1 are unique. Let B be a
replace t by c and c by t in addition to replacing ∧ by ∨ boolean algebra. Then, for any x and y in B, we have
and ∨ by ∧ . (a) x ∨ x = x (a′) x ∧ x = x

Let S ( p, q ) be a compound statement containing two sub- (b) x ∨ 1 = 1 (b′) x ∧ 0 = 0
statements and *
S ( p , q ) be its dual. Then, (a) (c) x ∨ ( x ∧ y ) = x (c′) x ∧ ( x ∨ y ) = x

~ S ( p , q ) ≡ S * (~ p , ~ q ), (b) ~ S * ( p , q ) ≡ S (~ p , ~ q ) (d) 0′ = 1 (d′) 1′ = 0

The above result can be extended to the compound (e) ( x′)′ = x (f ′) ( x ∨ y )′ = x′ ∧ y′
statements having finite number of sub- statements. Thus, if (f′) ( x ∧ y )′ = x′ ∨ y′
S ( p1 , p2 ,.... pn ) is a compound statement containing n sub-
statement p1 , p2 ,...., pn and S * ( p1 p2 ,...., pn ) is its dual. Important Points

In view of (i) (a) and (b) above, one may note that the
Then, (a) ~ S ( p1, p2 ,...., pn ) ≡ S* (~ p1,~ p2 ,....,~ pn ), (b)
operations + and . are infact binary operations on B.
~ S * ( p1 , p2 ,...., pn ) ≡ S (~ p1 , ~ p2 ,...., ~ pn )
We sometimes designate a boolean algebra by (B, ‘∨’, ‘∧’,
Boolean Algebra: A non empty set B together with two ‘′’, 0, 1) in order to emphasise its six parts; namely the set
operations denoted by ‘∨’ and ‘∧’ is said to be a boolean B, the two binary operations ‘∨’ and ‘∧’, the complement
algebra if the following axioms hold: operation ‘′’ and the two special elements 0 and 1. These

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348 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
special elements are called the zero element and the unit diagram will represent this circuit given by a ∨ b . If two
element. However, it may be noted that the symbols 0 and 1 switches in a circuit be such that both are open (closed)
do not necessarily represent the number zero and one. simultaneously, we shall represent them by the same letter.

For the set S of all logical statement, the operations + and Again if two switches be such that one is open and the other is
play the roles of ∨ and ∧, respectively. The tautology t and closed, we represent them by a and a′.
the contradiction c play the roles of 1 and 0, and the
a
operation ‘~’ plays the role of ‘′’

For P(A) , the set of all subsets of a set A, the operations ∪
and ∩ play the roles of ‘∨’ and ‘∧’, A and φ play the role of
1 and 0, and complementation plays the role of ‘′’. b
Figure 24.3: Parallel

The value of a close switch or when it is on is equal to 1 and

Boolean Functions: Any expression like x ∧ x ', a ∧ b ',
when it is open or off is equal to 0.
[a ∧ (b ∨ c ')] ∨ (a '∧ b ' ∧ c) consisting of combinations by ∨ An open switch r is indicated in the diagram as follow:
and ∧ of finite number of elements of a Boolean Algebra B is
S1 r S2
called a boolean function.
Figure 24.4: Open or off

Let B = {a, b, c,....} be a boolean algebra by a constant we A closed switch r is indicated in the diagram as follows:
S1 r S2
mean any symbol as 0 and 1, which represents a specified
element of B. Figure 24.5: Closed or on
By a variable we mean a symbol which represents a arbitrary
element of B Boolean Operations on Switching Circuits
If in the expression x′ ∨ ( y ∧ z ) we replace ∨ by + and ∧ by., Boolean Multiplication: The two switches r and s in the series
will perform the operation of Boolean multiplication
we get x′ + y.z. Here x′ and y ∧ z are called monomials and
the whole expression x′ ∨ ( y ∧ z ) is called a polynomial. r s S2
S1
Figure 24.6: AND Circuit
Switching Circuits: By a switch we mean a contact or a device
Clearly, the current will not pass from point S1 to S2 when
in an electric circuit which lets (or does not let) the current to
either or both r, s are open. It will pass only when both are
flow through the circuit. The switch can assume two states
closed.
‘closed’ or ‘open’ (ON or OFF). In the first case the current
flows and in the second the current does not flow. Table 24.4: Truth Table for AND
Symbols a, b, c, p, q, r , x, y, z , ..... etc. will denote switches in a r s r∧s
circuit. 1 1 1
1 0 0
There are two basic ways in which switches are generally
interconnected. Series and Parallel 0 1 0
0 0 0
Series : Two switches a, b are said to be connected ‘in series’ if The operation is true only in one of the four cases i.e. when
the current can pass only when both are in closed state and the both the switches are closed.
current does not flow if any one or both are open. The
following diagram will show this circuit. Boolean Addition: In the case of an operation of addition the
two switches will be in the parallel series as shown below.

a b
r
Figure 24.2: Series

Parallel: Two switches a, b are said to be connected ‘in S1 S2

parallel’ if current flows when any one or both are closed, and s
current does not pass when both are open. The following Figure 24.7: Parallel

@iitjeehelps
Mathematical Reasoning 349
The circuit shows that the current will pass when either or both material used etc. For us, simplification of circuits would mean
the switches are closed. It will not pass only when both are lesser number of switches which we achieve by using different
open. properties of Boolean algebra. e.g., consider the circuits given
Table 24.5: Truth Table for OR
by (a ∧ b ) ∨ (a ∧ c)
r s r∨s This is represented by
1 1 1 a b
1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 0
a c

The operation is not true only in one of the four cases i.e., when Figure 24.9: Circuit for (a ∧ b ) ∨ (a ∧ c)

both r and s are open. Since (a ∧ b) ∨ (a ∧ c) = a ∧ (b ∨ c)

∴ The circuit could be simplified to
Circuits with composite operations
b

Circuit showing : r∧ (s ∨ q)
r
s

c
r
S1 S2
Figure 24.10: Circuit for (a ∧ b) ∨ (a ∧ c) = a ∧ (b ∨ c)
q
(a) Multiple Choice Questions

Circuit showing r ∨ ( s ∧ q)
One and More than One Correct
r
1. The statement ~ ( p ↔ ~ q ) is: [JEE Main 2014]
S1 S2 a. equivalent to p ↔ q
b. equivalent to ~ p ↔ q
s q
(b)
c. a tautology

Circuit showing (r ∨ s ) ∧ (r ∨ q) d. a fallacy

r r 2. The negation of ~ s ∨ (~ r ∧ s ) is equivalent to

[JEE Main 2015]
S1 S2 a. s ∧ ~ r b. s ∧ ( r ∧ ~ s )
s q c. s ∨ ( r ∨ ~ s ) d. s ∧ r
(c)
3. The Boolean Expression ( p ∧ ∼ q ) ∨ q ∨ (∼ p ∧ q ) is

Circuit for: (r ∨ s ) q (u ∨ v ∨ w)
equivalent to: [JEE Main 2016]
r r
a. ∼ p ∧ q b. p ∧ q
q v S2
S1 c. p ∨ q d. p ∨ ∼ q
s w
(d) 4. The following statement is ( p → q) → [( ~ p → q ) → q]
Figure 24.8: (a,b,c and d) Circuits with composite operations
[JEE Main 2017]
Simplification of Circuits: normally mean the least a. equivalent to p →~ q
complicated circuit with minimum cost and best results. This b. a fallacy
would be governed by various factors like the cost of c. a tautology
equipment, positioning and number of switches, types of d. equivalent to ~ p → q

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350 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
5. The Boolean expression ≈ ( p ∨ q ) ∨ (≈ p ∧ q) is 11. If q is false and p ∧ q ↔ r is true, then which one of the
equivalent to [JEE Main 2018] following statements is a tautology? [JEE Main 2019]
a. ∼ q b. ∼ p a. (p ∨ r) → (p ∧ r)
c. p d. q b. p ∨ r
c. p ∧ r
6. The contra positive of the statement "If you are born in
d. (p ∧ r)→ (p ∨ r)
India, then you are a citizen of India", is:
[JEE Main 2019] 12. Contra positive of the statement
a. If you are born in India, then you are not a citizen of "If two numbers are not equal, then their squares are not
India. equal." is: [JEE Main 2019]
b. If you are not a citizen of India, then you are not born a. If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
in India. numbers are equal.
c. If you are a citizen of India, then you are born in India. b. If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
d. If you are not born in India, then you are not a citizen numbers are not equal.
of India. c. If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
7. Which one of the following statements is not a tautology? numbers are equal.
[JEE Main 2019] d. If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
a. (p ∧ q)→p numbers are not equal.
b. (p ∧ q) → (~ p)∨ q 13. The Boolean expression ((p ∧ q)∧(p∨∼q))∧(∼p∧∼q) is
c. p→ (p ∨ q) equivalent to: [JEE Main 2019]
d. (p ∨ q) → (p ∨ (~ q))
a. p∧ (∼q)
8. If the Boolean expression ( p ⊕ q) ∧ (∼ p ⊙ q) is b. p∨ (∼q)
equivalent p ∧ q to where ⊕, ⊙ ∈ {∧, ∨} then the ordered c. (∼p)∧(∼q)
pair (⊕, ⊙ )is: [JEE Main 2019] d. p ∧ q
a. (∧, ∨) 14. The expression ~(~p→q) is logically equvalent to:
b. (∨, ∨) [JEE Main 2019]
c. (∧, ∧) a. ~ p ^ ~ q
d. (∨, ∧) b. p ^ q
c. ~ p ^ q
9. The logical statement [∼(∼p ∨ q) ∨ (p ∧ r) ∧ (∼p ∧ q)] is
d. p ^ ~ q
equivalent to: [JEE Main 2019]
∧ ∧
a. (p r) ∼q Statement or Assertion & Reason
b. (∼p ∧ ∼ r)∧ ∼r
c. ∼p ∨ r 15. Consider
d. (p ∧ ∼ q)∨ r Statement-I: ( p∧ ~ q) ∧ (~ p ∧ q) is a fallacy.
and
10. Consider the following three statements:
P : 5 is a prime number. Statement-II: ( p → q) ↔ (~ q →~ p) is a tautology.
Q : 7 is a factor of 192. [JEE Main 2013]
R : L.C.M. of 5 and 7 is 35. a. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-II is
Then the truth value of which one of the following a correct explanation for Statement I
statements is true? [JEE Main 2019] b. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-II is
a. (P ^ Q) ∨ (~R) not a correct explanation for Statement-I
b. (~P) ^ (~Q ^ R) c. Statement-I is true; Statement-II is false
c. (~P) ∨ (Q ^ R) d. Statement-I is false; Statement-II is true
d. P∨ (~Q ^ R)

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Mathematical Reasoning 351
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS 7. (d) Tautology
1. (a) Truth table for ~ ( p ↔ ~ q ) is: (a)
(1) (2) (3) p q p ∧q (p ∧ q) →P
p q ~q p→∼q –p→q (1)^(2) ∼(3) T T T T
T T F F T F T T F F T
T F T T T T F F T F T
F T F T T T F F F F T
F F T T F F T Tautology
Thus ~ ( p ↔ ~ q ) is equivalent to P ↔ q. (b)
2. (d) ~ [~ s ∨ (~ r ∧ s )] p q p ∧q ~p∨q (p ∧ q) p → (~ p)
∨q
= ~ (~ s )∧ ~ (~ r ∧ s )
T T T T T
= s ∧ (r ∨ ~ s)
T F F F T
= (s ∧ r ) ∨ (s ∧ ~ s) F T F T T
= s∧r∨ F = s∧r F F F T T

3. (d) [( p ∧ ∼ q) ∨ q] ∨ (∼ p ∧ q) Tautology
(c)
= ( p ∨ q ) ∧ (∼ q ∨ q ) ∨ (∼ p ∧ q)
p q p ∨q p→ (p ∨ q)
= ( p ∨ q) ∧ [t ∨ (∼ p ∧ q)] = ( p ∨ q ) ∧ t = p ∨ q
T T T T
4. (c) ( p → q) → [( ~ p → q ) → q] T F T T
F T T T
p q ~ p p → q ~ p → q (~ p → q) → q
F F F T
T F F F T F
Tautology
T T F T T T (d)
F F T T F T p q p∨q ~p p ∨~q p ∨q →p ∧(~ q)
F T T T T T
T T T F F F
( p → q ) → ((~ p → q ) → q ) T F T F T T
T F T T T F T
T F F F T F T
T
8. (d) ( p ⊕ q ) ∧ (∼ p ⊙ q ) ≡ p ∧ q(given)
T
p q ∼p p ∧ p ∨ ∼p ∨ ∼p ∧ (p ∧ q) ∧
∴ It is tautology q q q q (∼p ∨ q)
5. (b) ∼ ( p ∨ q) ∨ ( ≈ p ∧ q) T T F T T T F F
By property, T F F F T F F F
F T T F T T T F
( ∼ p ∧ ∼ q) ∨ (∼ p ∧ q )
F F T F F T F F
= −p
From truth table (⊕, ⊙ ) = (∧, ∨ )
6. (b) The contrapositive of statement
9. (b) s [∼(∼ p ∨ q) ∧(p ∧ r)]∩ (∼q ∧ r)
p → q is ~q → ~p
≡ [(p∧ ∼ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)] ∧ (∼q ∧ r)
Here, p: you are born in India.
≡ [p∧ (∼ p ∨ r)] ∧ (∼q ∧ r)
q: you are citizen of India.
≡ p∧ (∼ p ∧ r)
So, contra positive of above statement is
“If you are not a citizen of India, then you are not born in ≡ (p ∧ r) ∼q
India”. 10. (d) It is obvious

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352 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
15. (b)
11. (d) Given q is F and (p ∧ q) ↔ r is T
p Q ~p ~q p∧ ~ q ~ p∧q
⇒ p ∧ q is F which implies that r is F
T T F F F F F
⇒ q is F and r is F
T F F T T F F
⇒ (p ∧ r) is always F
F T T F F T F
⇒ (p ∧ r) → (p ∨ r) is tautology. F F T T F F F
12. (a) Contrapositive of p → q is ~q → ~p It is Fallacy.
p q ~ ~ p → q ~ q →~ p ( p → q)
13. (c)
↔
14. (a) (~ q →~ p)
p q ~p ~p→q ~(~p→q) (~p ^ ~q) T T F F T T T
T T F T F F T F F T T T T
F T T T F F F T T F F F T
T F F T F F F F T T T T T
F F T F T T It is tautology

  

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Mock Test-1
Test Booklet code
353

A Mock Test “JEE-Main”

Do not open this Test Booklet until you are asked to do so.
Read carefully the Instructions on the Back Cover of this Test Booklet.

Important Instructions:
1. Immediately fill in the particulars on this page of the Test Booklet with Blue/Black Ball Point Pen. Use of pencil is strictly
prohibited.
2. The Answer Sheet is kept inside this Test Booklet. When you are directed to open the Test Booklet, take out the Answer
Sheet and fill in the particulars carefully.
3. The test is of 3 hours duration.
4. The Test Booklet consists of 90 questions. The maximum marks are 360.
5. There are three parts in the question paper A, B, C consisting of, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics having 30
questions in each part of equal weightage. Each question is allotted 4 (four) marks for each correct response.
6. Candidates will be awarded marks as stated above in instruction No. 5 for correct response of each question. 1/4 (one
fourth) marks will be deducted for indicating incorrect response of each question. No deduction from the total score will
be made if no response is indicated for an item in the answer sheet.
7. There is only one correct response for each question. Filling up more than one response in each question will be treated as
wrong response and marks for wrong response will be deducted accordingly as per instruction 6 above.
8. Use Blue/Black Ball Point Pen only for writing particulars/marking responses on Side-1 and Side-2 of the Answer Sheet.
Use of pencil is strictly prohibited.
9. No candidates is allowed to carry any textual material, printed or written, bits of papers, pager, mobile phone, any
electronic device, etc., except the Admit Card inside the examination hall/room.
10. Rough work is to be done on the space provided for this purpose in the Test Booklet only. This space is given at the
bottom of each page and at the end of the booklet.
11. On completion of the test, the candidate must hand over the Answer Sheet to the Invigilator on duty in the Room/Hall.
However, the candidates are allowed to take away this Test Booklet with them.
12. The CODE for this Booklet is A. Make sure that the CODE printed on Side-2 of the Answer Sheet and also tally the serial
number of the Test Booklet and Answer Sheet are the same as that on this booklet. In case of discrepancy, the candidate
should immediately report the matter to the invigilator for replacement of both the Test Booklet and the Answer Sheet.
13. Do not fold or make any stray marks on the Answer Sheet.

Name of the Candidate (in Capital letters):

Roll Number: in figures








in words
Examination Centre Number:








Name of Examination Centre (in Capital letters):
Candidate’s Signature: Invigilator’s Signature:

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354 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
Read the Following Instructions Carefully:
1. The candidates should fill in the required particulars on the Test Booklet and Answer Sheet (Side-1) with
Blue/Black Ball Point Pen.
2. For writing/marking particulars on Side-2 of the Answer Sheet, use Blue/Black Ball Point Pen only.
3. The candidates should not write their Roll Numbers anywhere else (except in the specified space) on the Test
Booklet/Answer Sheet.
4. Out of the four options given for each question, only one option is the correct answer.
5. For each incorrect response, one-fourth (¼) of the total marks allotted to the question would be deducted from
the total score. No deduction from the total score, however, will be made if no response is indicated for an item
in the Answer Sheet.
6. Handle the Test Booklet and Answer Sheet with care, as under no circumstances (except for discrepancy in
Test Booklet Code and Answer Sheet Code), another set will be provided.
7. The candidates are not allowed to do any rough work or writing work on the Answer Sheet. All
calculations/writing work are to be done in the space provided for this purpose in the Test Booklet itself,
marked ‘Space for Rough Work’. This space is given at the bottom of each page and at the end of the booklet.
8. On completion of the test, the candidates must hand over the Answer Sheet to the Invigilator on duty in the
Room/Hall. However, the candidates are allowed to take away this Test Booklet with them.
9. Each candidate must show on demand his/her Admit Card to the Invigilator.
10. No candidate, without special permission of the Superintendent or Invigilator, should leave his/her seat.
11. The candidates should not leave the Examination Hall without handing over their Answer Sheet to the
Invigilator on duty and sign the Attendance Sheet again. Cases where a candidate has not signed the
Attendance Sheet a second time will be deemed not to have handed over the Answer Sheet and dealt with as an
unfair means case. The candidates are also required to put their left hand THUMB impression in the
space provided in the Attendance Sheet.
12. Use of Electronic/Manual Calculator and any Electronic Item like mobile phone, pager etc. is prohibited.
13. The candidates are governed by all Rules and Regulations of the JAB/Board with regard to their conduct in the
Examination Hall. All cases of unfair means will be dealt with as per Rules and Regulations of the JAB/Board.
14. No part of the Test Booklet and Answer Sheet shall be detached under any circumstances.
15. Candidates are not allowed to carry any textual material, printed or written, bits of papers, pager,
mobile phone, electronic device or any other material except the Admit Card inside the examination
hall/room.

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Mock Test-1 355

JEE-MAIN: MATHEMATICS MOCK TEST-1

log 2 ( x + 3)  π   3π 
1. The domain of definition of f ( x) = is: 10. sin   sin  =
x 2 + 3x + 2  10   10 
a. R − {−1, −2} b. (−2, ∞) a. 1/2 b. – ½ c. 1/4 d. 1
c. R − {−1, −2, −3} d. (−3, ∞) − {−1, −2} 11. Find real part of cosh −1 (1)
2 2 a. – 1 b. 1
2. How many roots the equation x − = 1− have
x −1 x −1 c. 0 d. None of these
a. One b. Two 12. From a 60 meter high tower angles of depression of the
c. Infinite d. None top and bottom of a house are α and β respectively. If
3. If ω is the cube root of unity, then (3 + 5ω + 3ω 2 ) 2 + 60sin ( β − α )
the height of the house is , then x =
x
+(3 + 3ω + 5ω ) = 2 2

a. sin α sin β b. cos α cos β

a. 4 b. 0
c. – 4 d. None of these c. sin α cos β d. cos α sin β

4. From the following find the correct relation log(1 + ax) − log(1 − bx)
13. The function f ( x) = is not defined
a. ( AB)′ = A′B′ b. ( AB )′ = B′A′ x
adj A at x = 0. The value which should be assigned to f at
c. A−1 = d. ( AB) −1 = A−1B −1 x = 0 so that it is continuous at x = 0, is
A
a. a − b b. a + b
If the roots of the cubic equation ax + bx + cx + d = 0
3 2
5.
c. log a + log b d. log a − log b
are in G.P., then
a. c a = b d b. ca = bd c. a b = c d d. ab = cd , at θ = 3π , is
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
dy
14. If x = a cos 4 θ , y = a sin 4 θ , then
dx 4
6. C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + 4C4 + .... + nCn =
a. –1 b. 1
a. 2 n b. n. 2n c. − a 2 d. a 2
c. n. 2n−1 d. n. 2n+1
15. The minimum value of [(5 + x )(2 + x)]/[1 + x ] for non-
(log e n) 2 (log e n) 4 negative real x is
7. 1+ + +… =
2! 4! a. 12 b. 1 c. 9 d. 8
−1
a. n b. 1/ n e tan x
1 1
16. ∫ 1 + x2
dx =
c. ( n + n −1 ) d. (e n + e − n ) −1
2 2 a. log(1 + x 2 ) + c b. log etan x
+c
8. How many words can be made from the letters of the −1 −1

word INSURANCE, if all vowels come together. c. e tan x

+c d. tan−1 etan x
+c
a. 18270 b. 17280 17. The measurement of the area bounded by the co-ordinate
c. 12780 d. None of these
axes and the curve y = loge x is
9. There are four machines and it is known that exactly two a. 1 b. 2
of them are faulty. They are tested, one by one, in a c. 3 d. ∞
random order till both the faulty machines are identified.
dy
Then, the probability that only two tests are needed, is 18. The solution of the equation = e x − y + x 2 e − y is
dx
1 1
a. b. x3
3 6 a. e y = e x + +c b. e y = e x + 2 x + c
3
1 1
c. d. c. e y = e x + x 3 + c d. y = e x + c
2 4

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356 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
19. The distance between 4 x + 3 y = 11 and 8 x + 6 y = 15, is 26. The sum to infinity of the given series
1 1 1 1
a.
7
b. 4 − + − + … is
2 n 2 n 2 3n 3 4 n 4
7  n +1  n 
c. d. None of these a. loge   b. loge  
10  n   n +1
20. The area of a circle whose centre is (h, k) and radius a is  n −1   n 
c. loge   d. loge  
a. π (h2 + k 2 − a2 ) b. π a 2 hk  n   n −1 

c. π a 2 d. None of these 27. The values of A and B such that the function
 π
21. The locus of the mid-point of the line segment joining the  −2sin x, x≤−
2
focus to a moving point on the parabola y 2 = 4 ax is 
 π π
another parabola with directrix f ( x) =  A sin x + B, − < x < , is continuous
 2 2
a. x = − a b. x = −
a  π
 cos x, x≥
2  2
a everywhere are
c. x = 0 d. x =
2 a. A = 0, B = 1 b. A = 1, B = 1
 
22. If a = (2, 5) and b = (1, 4), then the vector parallel to c. A = −1, B = 1 d. A = −1, B = 0
 
( a + b ) is
a. (3, 5) b. (1, 1)
28. ∫ x 3 3 + 5 x 4 dx =

c. (1, 3) d. (8, 5) 1
a. (3 + 5 x 4 )3/ 2 + c b. (3 + 5 x 4 )3/ 2 + c
5
23. The acute angle between the line joining the points (2, 1,
1
x −1 y z + 3 c. (3 + 5 x 4 )3/ 2 + c d. None of these
–3), (–3,1,7) and a line parallel to = = 30
3 4 5
through the point (–1, 0, 4) is 29. The equations of tangents to the circle

 7   1  x + y − 22 x − 4 y + 25 = 0 which are perpendicular to the

2 2

a. cos −1   b. cos −1  
 5 10   10  line 5 x + 12 y + 8 = 0 are

 3   1  a. 12 x − 5 y + 8 = 0, 12 x − 5 y = 252
c. cos −1   d. cos −1  
 5 10   5 10  b. 12 x − 5 y = 0, 12 x − 5 y = 252
c. 12 x − 5 y − 8 = 0,12 x − 5 y + 252 = 0
24. Which of the following is logically equivalent to
d. None of these
~ (~ p ⇒ q)
a. p ∧ q b. p ∧ ~ q 30. ~ p ∧ q is logically equivalent to
c. ~ p ∧ q d. ~ p ∧ ~ q a. p → q
b. q → p
25. The number of solutions of the system of equations
2x + y − z = 7, x − 3 y + 2z = 1, x + 4 y − 3z = 5 is c. ~ ( p → q )

a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 0 d. ~ (q → p )

Space for rough work

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Mock Test-1 357
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-I

Time 3 Hours. Max. Marks 264 (88 for Mathematics)

Read The Instructions Carefully

Question Paper Format and Marking Scheme:

1. The question paper has three parts: Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Each part has three sections.

2. Section 1 contains 8 questions. The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to 9 (both inclusive).
Marking Scheme: +4 for correct answer and 0 in all other cases.

3. Section 2 contains 10 multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct option.
Marking Scheme: +4 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and –2 in all other cases.

4. Section 3 contains 2 “match the following” type questions and you will have to match entries in Column I with the entries
in Column II.
Marking Scheme: For each entry in Column I, +2 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and –1 in all other cases.

NOTE: It’s the mock test as per previous year’s papers but sometimes IIT changes the test paper pattern and
marking scheme too.

SECTION 1 (Maximum Marks: 32) 5. Let n be the number of ways in which 5 boys and 5 girls

This section contains EIGHT questions. can stand in a queue in such a way that all the girls stand

The answer to each question is a SINGLE DIGIT INTEGER consecutively in the queue. Let m be the number of ways
ranging from 0 to 9, both inclusive. in which 5 boys and 5 girls can stand in a queue in such a

For each question, darken the bubble corresponding to the correct way that exactly four girls stand consecutively in the
integer in the ORS. m
queue. Then the value of is

Marking scheme: n
+4 If the bubble corresponding to the answer is darkened.
6. TP and TQ are any two tangents to a parabola and the
0 In all other cases.
tangent at a third point R cuts then in P' and Q', then the
1. If area enclosed between the curves y = ln( x + e) and TP ′ TQ ′
value of = must be
TP TQ
1
x = ln   and the axis of x is λ sq unit, then the value of
 y 7. Let f :R→R be a function defined by

{[0,x], xx ≤> 22, where [x] is the greatest integer less

22
6 must be
f ( x) =
2. The number of distinct solutions of the equation
5 2
xf ( x 2 )
cos 2 2 x + cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos 6 x + sin 6 x = 2
4
in the than or equal to x. If I = ∫ 2 + f ( x + 1) dx, then the value
−1
interval [0, 2π ] is
of (4 I − 1) is
3. Let the curve C be the mirror image of the parabola
y 2 = 4 x with respect to the line x + y + 4 = 0. If A 8. A cylindrical container is to be made from certain solid
and B are the points of intersection of C with the line material with the following constraints: It has a fixed
y = −5, then the distance between A and B is inner volume of V mm3 , has a 2 mm thick solid wall and
4. The minimum number of times a fair coin needs to be is open at the top. The bottom of the container is a solid
tossed, so that the probability of getting at least two heads circular disc of thickness 2 mm and is of radius equal to
is at least 0.96 is the outer radius of the container.

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358 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
If the volume of the material used to make the container is 13. In R 3 , let L be a straight line passing through the origin.
minimum when the inner radius of the container is 10 Suppose that all the points on L are at a constant distance
mm, then the value of V / 250π is
from the two planes P1 : x + 2 y − z + 1 = 0 and

SECTION 2 (Maximum Marks: 40) P2 : 2 x − y + z − 1 = 0. Let M be the locus of the feet of the

This section contains TEN questions. perpendiculars drawn from the points on L to the plane

Each question has FOUR options (a), (b), (c) and (d). ONE OR P1 . Which of the following points lie(s) on M ?
MORE THAN ONE of these four option(s) is (are) correct.
 5 2

For each question, darken the bubble(s) corresponding to all the a.  0, − , − 
correct option(s) in the ORS.  6 3

Marking scheme:  1 1 1
+4 If only the bubble(s) corresponding to all the correct
b.  − , − , 
 6 3 6
option(s) is(are) darkened.
 5 1
0 If none of the bubbles is darkened c.  − , 0, 
–2 In all other cases  6 6
     1 2
9. Let ∆PQR be a triangle. Let a = QR, b = RP, and d.  − , 0, 
 3 3
    
c = PQ. If | a | = 12, | b | = 4 3 and b .c = 24, then which
14. Let P and Q be distinct points on the parabola y 2 = 2 x
of the following is (are) true?
  such that a circle with PQ as diameter passes through the
| c |2  | c |2 
a. − | a | = 12 b. − | a | = 30 vertex O of the parabola. If P lies in the first quadrant and
2 2
     the area of the triangle ∆OPQ is 3 2, then which of the
c. | a × b + c × a | = 48 3 d. a.b = −72
following is (are) the coordinates of P?
10. Let X and Y be two arbitrary, 3×3, non-zero, skew- a. (4, 2 2) b. (9, 3 2)
symmetric matrices and Z be an arbitrary 3×3, non-zero,
1 1 
symmetric matrix. Then which of the following matrices c.  ,  d. (1, 2)
4 2
is (are) skew symmetric?
15. Let y( x) be a solution of the differential equation
a. Y 3 Z 4 − Z 4Y 3 b. X 44 + Y 44
(1 + e x ) y ′ + ye x = 1. If y(0) = 2, then which of the
c. X Z − Z X
4 3 3 4
d. X 23 + Y 23
following statements is (are) true ?
11. Which of the following values of α satisfy the equation a. y(−4) = 0
(1 + α) (1 + 2α) (1 + 3α)
2 2 2
b. y(−2) = 0
(2 + α)2 (2 + 2α) 2 (2 + 3α)2 = −648α ??
c. y( x) has a critical point in the interval ( −1, 0)
(3 + α) 2 (3 + 2α)2 (3 + 3α) 2
d. y( x) has no critical point in the interval ( −1, 0)
a. −4 b. 9
c. − 9 d. 4 16. Consider the family of all circles whose centers lie on the
straight line y = x. If this family of circles is represented
12. In R 3 , consider the planes P1 : y = 0 and P2 : x + z = 1.
by the differential equation Py ′′ + Qy ′ + 1 = 0, where P, Q
Let P3 be a plane, different from P1 and P2 , which passes
dy d2 y
are functions of x, y and y ′(here y ′ = , y′′ = 2 ), then
through the intersection of P1 and P2 . If the distance of dx dx
the point (0, 1, 0) from P3 is 1 and the distance of a point which of the following statements is (are) true?
(α, β, γ) from P3 is 2, then which of the following a. P = y + x

relations is (are) true? b. P = y − x

a. 2α + β + 2γ + 2 = 0 b. 2α – β + 2γ + 4 = 0 c. P + Q = 1 − x + y + y ′ + ( y ′) 2
c. 2α + β – 2γ – 10 = 0 d. 2α – β + 2γ – 8 = 0 d. P − Q = x + y − y ′ − ( y ′) 2

@iitjeehelps
Mock Test-1 359
17. Let g:R→R be a differential function with
For each entry in Column I, darken the bubbles of all the
matching entries. For example, if entry (A) in Column I, matches
g (0) = 0, g ′(0) = 0 and g ′(1) ≠ 0.
with entries (2), (3) and (5), then darken these three bubbles in the
 x g ( x ), ORS. Similarly, for entries (B), (C) and (D).
x≠0
Let f ( x) =  | x | and h ( x ) = e| x| for all

Marking scheme:
 0, x=0
For each entry in Column I
x ∈ R. Let ( f  h) (x) denote f ( h ( x )) and (h  f )( x) +2 If only the bubble(s) corresponding to all the correct match(es)
denote h( f ( x)). Then which of the following is (are) is(are) darkened
0 If none of the bubbles is darkened
true?
–1 In all other cases
a. f is differentiable at x = 0
b. h is differentiable at x = 0 19. Match the Column:
c. f  h is differentiable at x = 0 Column I Column II
(A) In R 2 , if the magnitude of 1. 1
d. h  f is differentiable at x = 0
the projection vector of the
π π  vector αiˆ + β ˆj on 3iˆ + ˆj
18. Let f ( x) = sin  sin  sin x   for all x∈R and
6 2 
is 3 and if α | = 2 + 3β,
π
g ( x) = sin x for all x ∈ R. Let (f o g)(x) denote f (g(x)) then possible value(s) of | α |
2
and (g o f )(x) denote g(f (x)). Then which of the following is (are)
is (are) true? (B) Let a and b be real numbers 2. 2
such that the function
 1 1
a. Range of f is  − , 
 2 2
 1 1
f (x) = {
−3ax2 −2, x <1
bx +a2, x ≥1
is

b. Range of f o g is  − ,  differentiable for all x ∈ R.

 2 2
Then possible value(s) of a
f ( x) π
c. lim = is (are)
x→0 g ( x) 6
(C) Let ω ≠ 1 be a complex 3. 3
d. There is an x ∈ R such that ( g  f )( x) = 1
cube root of unity. If
2 4n+3
(3 − 3ω + 2ω )
SECTION 3 (Maximum Marks: 16)
+ (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3

This section contains TWO questions.

Each question contains two columns, Column I and Column II + ( − 3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0,

Column I has four entries (A), (B), (C) and (D) then possible value(s) of n is

Column II has five entries (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) (are)

Match the entries in Column I with the entries in Column II
(D) Let the harmonic mean of 4. 4

One or more entries in Column I may match with one or more
two positive real numbers a
entries in Column II
and b be 4. If q is a positive

The ORS contains a 4 × 5 matrix whose layout will be similar to
real number such that a, 5,
the one shown below:
q, b is an arithmetic
(A) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(B) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) progression, then the
(C) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) value(s) of | q − a | is (are)
(D) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 5. 5

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360 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
20. Match the thermodynamic processes given under Column I (C) In R 2 , let 3iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + 3 ˆj 3. 3
with the expression given under Column II:
and β iˆ + (1 − β ) ˆj be the
Column I Column II
position vectors of X, Y and
(A) In a triangle ∆XYZ , let a, b 1. 1 Z with respect of the origin
and c be the lengths of the O, respectively. If the
sides opposite to the angles distance of Z from the
X, Y and Z, respectively. If bisector of the acute angle
  3
2( a 2 − b 2 ) = c 2 and of OX with OY is ,
2
sin( X − Y )
λ= , then then possible value(s) of
sin Z | β | is (are)
possible values of n for (D) Suppose that F (α) denotes 4. 5
which cos(nπλ ) = 0 is (are) the area of the region
(B) In a triangle ∆XYZ , let a, b 2. 2 bounded by x = 0, x = 2,
y2 = 4x and
and c be the lengths of the
y = | αx − 1| + | αx − 2 | + αx,
sides opposite to the angles
X, Y and Z, respectively. If where α ∈ {0,1}. Then the
1 + cos 2 X − 8
value(s) of F (α) +
2,
2cos 2Y = 2sin X sin Y , 3
when α = 0 and α = 1, is
a
then possible value(s) of (are)
b 5. 6
is (are)

Space for rough work

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Mock Test-1 361

JEE ADVANCE PAPER-II

Time 3 Hours. Max. Marks 240 (80 for Mathematics)

Read The Instructions Carefully

Question Paper Format and Marking Scheme:

1. The question paper has three parts: Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Each part has three sections.

2. Section 1 contains 8 questions. The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to 9 (both inclusive).
Marking Scheme: +4 for correct answer and 0 in all other cases.

3. Section 2 contains 8 multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct option.
Marking Scheme: +4 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and –2 in all other cases.

4. Section 3 contains 2 “paragraph” type questions. Each paragraph describes an experiment, a situation or a problem. Two
multiple choice questions will be asked based on this paragraph. One or more than one option can be correct.
Marking Scheme: +4 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and –2 in all other cases.

NOTE: It’s the mock test as per previous year’s papers but sometimes IIT changes the test paper pattern and
marking scheme too.

SECTION 1 (Maximum Marks: 32) 4. The coefficient of x9 in the expansion of (1 + x)(1 + x 2 )

This section contains EIGHT questions.
(1 + x 3 )...(1 + x100 ) is

The answer to each question is a SINGLE DIGIT INTEGER
ranging from 0 to 9, both inclusive.
5. If the normals at the four points ( x1 , y1 ),( x2 , y2 ), ( x3 , y3 )

For each question, darken the bubble corresponding to the correct
integer in the ORS. x2 y2
and ( x4 , y4 ) on the ellipse + = 1 are concurrent, then

Marking scheme: a2 b2
+4 If the bubble corresponding to the answer is darkened. 1 1 1 1
0 In all other cases. the value of ( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) ×  + + +  must be
 x1 x2 x3 x4 
   6. Let m and n be two positive integers greater than 1. If
1. Suppose that p, q and r are three non-coplanar vectors
    ecos(α ) − e 
n

in R3. Let the components of a vector s along p, q and e m

lim   = −   then the value of is
a →0  
 α
m
 2 n
r be 4, 3 and 5, respectively. If the components of this 
         
vector s along (− p + q + r ), ( p − q + r ) and (− p − q + r )
9 x + 3tan − x  12 + 9 x 
2
1
7. If α = ∫ (e ) −1
 dx where tan x takes
are x, y and z, respectively, then the value of 2x + y + z is 0
 1+ x 
2

For any integer k, let α k = cos 

 kπ   kπ   3π 
2.  + i sin   , where only principal values, then the value of  loge |1 + α |
4 
is
 7   7  
12
Σ | α k +1 − α k | 8. Let f : R → R be a continuous odd function, which
i = −1. The value of the expression 3
k =1
is
Σ | α 4 k −1 − α 4 k − 2 | 1
k =1 vanishes exactly at one point and f (1) = . Suppose that
2
3. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression x
∫ t | f ( f (t))| dt
x
F ( x) = ∫ f (t ) dt for all x∈[1−1, 2] and G(x) =
(A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of the −1 −1

first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : F(x) 1 1
for all x ∈[−1, 2]. If lim = , then the value of f  
11 and the seventh term lies in between 130 and 140, then x→1 G(x) 14 2
the common difference of this A.P. is is

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362 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
SECTION 2 (Maximum Marks: 32) 43 7
a. e12 + e22 = b. e1e2 =

This section contains EIGHT questions. 40 2 10

Each question has FOUR options (a), (b), (c) and (d). ONE OR
5 3
MORE THAN ONE of these four option(s) is (are) correct. c. | e12 − e22 | = d. e1e2 =
8 4

For each question, darken the bubble(s) corresponding to all the
correct option(s) in the ORS. 13. Consider the hyperbola H : x 2 − y 2 = 1 and a circle S with

Marking scheme: center N ( x2 , 0). Suppose that H and S touch each other at
+4 If only the bubble(s) corresponding to all the correct option(s)
a point P( x1 , y1 ) with x1 > 1 and y1 > 0. The common
is(are) darkened.
tangent to H and S at P intersects the x-axis at point M. If
0 If none of the bubbles is darkened
–2 In all other cases (l , m) is the centroix of the triangle ∆PMN, then the
correct expression(s) is (are)
3
192x 1 dl 1
9. Let f ′( x) = for all x ∈ R with f   = 0. If a. = 1 − 2 for x > 1
2 + sin π x
4
2 dx1 3x1
1
dm x1
m≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ M , then the possible values of m and M = for x1 > 1
)
b.
(
1/ 2
dx1 3 x12 − 1
are
1 1 dl 1
a. m = 13, M = 24 b. m = ,M = c. = 1 + 2 for x1 > 1
4 2 dx1 3x1
c. M = −11, M = 0 d. M = 1, M = 12
dm 1
d. = for y1 > 0
10. Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers α such that dy1 3
the quadratic equation α x 2 − x + α = 0 has two distinct 14. The option(s) with the values of a and L that satisfy the
real roots x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality | x1 − x2 | < 1. following equation is(are)
4π
Which of the following intervals is(are) a subset(s) of S ?
∫ (sin at + cos 4 at ) dt
6

 1 1   1  π
0
= L?
a.  − , − b.  − ∫ e (sin at + cos 4 at ) dt
1 6
 , 0
 2 5  5  0

 1   1 1 e4π − 1 e4π + 1
c.  0, ,  a. a = 2, L = b. a = 2, L =
 d.  eπ − 1 eπ + 1
 5  5 2
e4π − 1 e4π + 1
6 4 c. a = 4, L = d. a = 4, L =
11. If α = 3 sin −1   and β = 3 cos −1   , where the inverse eπ − 1 eπ + 1
 11  9
trigonometric functions take only the principal values, 15. Let f , g :[−1, 2] → R be continuous functions which are
then the correct option(s) is (are) twice differentiable on the interval (–1, 2). Let the values
a. cos β > 0 b. sin β < 0 of f and g at points –1, 0 and 2 be as given in the
c. cos(α + β ) > 0 d. cos α < 0 following table:
x = −1 x=0 x=2
12. Let E1 and E 2 be two ellipse whose centers are at the f ( x) 3 6 0
origin. The major axes of E1 and E 2 lie along the x-axis g ( x) 0 1 –1
and the y-axis, respectively. Let S be the circle In each of the intervals (–1, 0) and (0, 2) the function
x 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = 2. The straight line x + y = 3 touches the ( f − 3g )′′ never vanishes. Then the correct statements(s) is
curves S, E1 and E 2 at P, Q and R, respectively Suppose (are)
a. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly three solutions in
2 2
that PQ = PR = . If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of (−1, 0) ∪ (0, 2)
3
E1 and E2 , respectively, then the correct expression(s) b. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (–1, 0)
is(are)

@iitjeehelps
 Mock Test-1 363
c. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (0, 2) 3 3
∫ x F ′( x ) dx = − 12 and ∫ F ′′( x ) dx = 40, then
2
18. If the
1 1
d. f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 has exactly two solutions in (–1, 0) correct expression(s) is(are)
and exactly two solutions in (0, 2) a. 9 f ′(3) + f ′(1) − 32 = 0
16. Let f ( x ) = 7 tan 8 x + 7 tan 6 x − 3 tan 4 x − 3 tan 2 x for all 3
b. ∫
1
f ( x ) dx = 12
 π π
x ∈  − ,  Then the correct expression(s) is (are)? c. 9 f ′(3) − f ′(1) + 32 = 0
 2 2 3
π /4
a. ∫ xf ( x ) dx =
1 π /4
d. ∫ f ( x ) dx = − 12
∫
1
b. f ( x ) dx = 0
0 12 0

π /4 1 π /4 Paragraph-II
c. ∫ xf ( x ) dx = d. ∫ f ( x ) dx = 1
0 6 0
Let n1 and n2 be the number of red and black balls,

SECTION 3 (Maximum Marks: 16) respectively, in box I. Let n3 and n4 be the number of red and

This section contains FOUR questions. black balls, respectively, in box II.

Each question has FOUR options (a), (b), (c) and (d). ONE OR
19. One of the two boxes, box I and box II, was selected at
MORE THAN ONE of these four option(s) is(are) correct.
random and a ball was drawn randomly out of this box. The

For each question, darken the bubble(s) corresponding to all the
ball was found to be red. If the probability that this red ball
correct option(s) in the ORS.
1

Marking scheme: was drawn from box II is , then the correct option(s) with
3

+4 If only the bubble(s) corresponding to all the correct option(s)
the possible values of n1 , n2 , n3 and n4 is (are)
is(are) darkened.
a. n1 = 3, n2 = 3, n3 = 5, n4 = 15

0 If none of the bubbles is darkened

–2 In all other cases b. n1 = 3, n2 = 6, n3 = 10, n4 = 50
c. n1 = 8, n2 = 6, n3 = 5, n4 = 20
Paragraph-I
d. n1 = 6, n2 = 12, n3 = 5, n4 = 20
Let F : R → R be a thrice differentiable function. Suppose that
1  20. A ball is drawn at random from box I and transferred to
F (1) = 0, F (3) = −4 and F ′( x) < 0 for all x ∈  , 3  . Let box II. If the probability of drawing a red ball from box I,
2 
1
f ( x ) = xF ( x ) for all x ∈ R. after this transfer, is , then the correct option(s) with
3
17. The correct statement(s) is (are)
the possible values of n1 and n2 is(are)
a. f ′(1) < 0
a. n1 = 4, n2 = 6 b. n1 = 2, n2 = 3
b. f (2) < 0
c. n1 = 10, n2 = 20 d. n1 = 3, n2 = 6
c. f ′( x) ≠ 0 for any x ∈ (1, 3)
d. f ′( x) = 0 for some x ∈ (1, 3)

Space for rough work

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364 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS 8. (d) IUAENSRNC Obviously required number of words
JEE-Main 6!
are × 4 ! = 8640
2!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
d d c a a c c d a c 9. (b) The probability that only two tests are needed =
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. probability that the first machine tested is faulty ×
c d b a c c d a c c probability that the second machine tested is faulty
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
2 1 1
c c a d d a c c a d = × =
4 3 6
1. (d) x + 3 > 0 and x 2 + 3 x + 2 ≠ 0 π 3π
10. (c) sin sin = sin18°.sin 54°
10 10
2. (d) If x ≠ 1, multiplying each term by ( x − 1), the given
5 −1 5 +1 1
equation reduces to x( x − 1) = ( x − 1) or ( x − 1) 2 = 0 or = sin18°.cos 36° = . = .
4 4 4
x = 1, which is not possible as considering x ≠ 1. Thus
given equation has no roots.
11. (c) We know that cosh −1 x = log x + x 2 − 1 ( )
3. (c) (3 + 5ω + 3ω 2 )2 + (3 + 3ω + 5ω 2 )2 ∴ ( )
cosh −1 (1) = log 1 + 12 − 1 = log1 = 0.
= (3 + 3ω + 3ω + 2ω ) + (3 + 3ω + 3ω + 2ω )
2 2 2 2 2
12. (d)
(1 + ω + ω = 0, ω = 1)
2 3

α
H=60m
= (2ω ) 2 + (2ω 2 )2 = 4ω 2 + 4ω 4 = 4(−1) = −4.
h
4. (b) It is understandable. β
d
A H = d tan β and H − h = d tan α
5. (a) Let , A, AR be the roots of the equation
R
60 tan β
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 ⇒ =
60 − h tan α
d
then A 3 = Product of the roots = − 60 tan α − 60 tan β 60sin( β − α )
a ⇒ −h = ⇒ h=
tan β sin β
1/ 3 cos α cos β
d
⇒ A = −  cos β
a ⇒ x = cos α sin β .
Since A is a root of the equation.
13. (b) Since limit of a function is a + b as x → 0, therefore
∴ aA3 + bA2 + cA + d = 0
to be continuous at a function, its value must be a + b at
2/3 1/ 3
 d  d  d x =0
⇒ a −  + b −  + c −  +d =0
 a  a  a ⇒ f (0) = a + b.
2/3 1/ 3
d  d 
2
d d
⇒ b  = c  ⇒ b3 = c3 ⇒ b3d = c3a. 14. (a) y = a sin 4 θ
a a a2 a
dy
6. (c) Trick: Put n = 1, 2, 3,.... ⇒ = 4a sin 3 θ cosθ
dθ
S1 = 1, S 2 = 2 + 2 = 4 and x = a cos4 θ
Now by alternate (c), dx
⇒ = −4a cos3 θ sin θ
put n = 1, 2 dθ
S1 = 1.20 = 1, S 2 = 2.21 = 4 dy dy / dθ − sin 2 θ
∴ = = = − tan 2 θ
dx dx / dθ cos 2 θ
 dy  2  3π 
(log e n) 2 (log e n) 4 eloge n + e − loge n n + n −1 ∴   3π = − tan   = −1.
7. (c) 1 + + +… = = .  dx θ =  4 
2! 4! 2 2 4

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Mock Test-1 365
[(5 + x )(2 + x )] 21. (c) Let P(h, k ) be the mid-point of the line segment
15. (c) Given f ( x ) =
[1 + x ] joining the focus (a,0) and a general point Q( x, y) on the
4 4
f ( x) = 1 + + (5 + x) = (6 + x) + parabola.
1+ x (1 + x )
x+a y
4 Then h = , k = ⇒ x = 2 h − a, y = 2 k .
⇒ f '( x) = 1 − = 0; 2 2
(1 + x) 2 Put these values of x and y in y 2 = 4 ax, we get
x2 + 2 x − 3 = 0 4 k 2 = 4 a (2 h − a )
⇒ x = −3, 1
⇒ 4 k 2 = 8ah − 4 a 2 ⇒ k 2 = 2 ah − a 2
8 So, locus of P(h, k ) is y 2 = 2 ax − a 2
Now f ′′ ( x ) = ,
(1 + x)3
 a
f ′′ (−3) = −ve, ⇒ y 2 = 2a  x − 
 2
f ′′ (1) = +ve Its directrix is
Hence minimum value at x = 1 a a
x− = − ⇒ x = 0.
(5 + 1)(2 + 1) 6 × 3 2 2
f (1) = = = 9.
(1 + 1) 2  
22. (c) a + b = 3iˆ + 9 ˆj = 3(iˆ + 3 ˆj ). Hence it is parallel to (1, 3).
1
16. (c) Putting t = tan −1 x ⇒ dt = dx, we get 23. (a) Direction ratio of the line joining the point
1 + x2 (2, 1, − 3), (− 3, 1, 7) are (a1 , b1 , c1 )
−1
e tan x −1
⇒ (− 3 − 2, 1 − 1, 7 − (−3))
∫ 1+ x 2
dx = ∫ et dt = et + c = e tan x + c.
⇒ (− 5, 0, 10)
17. (d) Area
∞
Direction ratio of the line parallel to line
A = ∫ log x.dx x −1 y z + 3
0
= = are
3 4 5
= ( x log x − x)∞0 = ∞
(a2 , b2 , c2 )
Y
⇒ (3, 4, 5)
Angle between two lines,
y =loge x
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
(1,0)
X cos θ =
a1 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
2

(− 5 × 3) + (0 × 4) + (10 × 5)
cosθ =
25 + 0 + 100 9 + 16 + 25
dy
18. (a) = e x − y + x 2 e − y = e − y (e x + x 2 ) 35
dx ⇒ cosθ =
25 10
⇒ e y dy = ( x 2 + e x ) dx
 7 
x3 ⇒ θ = cos −1  
Now integrating both sides, we get e = + e x + c. y
 5 10 
3
19. (c) 4x + 3 y = 11 and 4 x + 3 y =
15 24. (d) Since ~ ( p ⇒ q) ≡ p ∧ ~ q
2 ~ (~ p ⇒ q) = ~ p ∧ ~ q
15
Therefore, 11 −
D= 2 = 7 . 2 1 −1
5 10 25. (d) ∆ = 1 −3 2
1 4 −3
20. (c) Since area = π r 2 , where
r =a = 2(9 − 8) − 1(−3 − 2) − 1(4 + 3) = 7 − 7 = 0

⇒ Area = π a 2 . Hence, number of solutions is zero.

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366 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1 1 1 1 JEE Advance Paper-I
26. (a) − 2 + 3 − 4 +…
n 2n 3n 4n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
2 3 4 4 8 4 8 5 1 0 4 a,c,d c, d
1 (1/ n) (1/ n) (1/ n)
= − + − +… 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
n 2 3 4 b,c b,d a,b a,d a,c b,c a,d a,b,c c c
 1  n +1
= log e  1 +  = log e  .
 n   n  1. (4) 7
6
27. (c) For continuity at all x ∈ R , we must have 5

 π 4
f  −  = lim − (−2sin x)
 2  x→( −π / 2) 3

= lim ( A sin x + B) 2
x →( −π / 2)+
1
⇒ 2 = −A + B . . .(i) –2 –1
O 1 2 3 4 5
π  –1
and f   = lim − ( A sin x + B )
 2  x→(π / 2) –2

= lim + (cos x) –3
x →(π / 2)
Required area = 4 × (1× 1) = 4 sq unit
⇒ 0 = A+ B . . .(ii)
From (i) and (ii), ∴ λ =4
1 1 1 1 1/ 2
A = −1 + + + +…∞
λ λ λ λ …∞ = λ 2 4 8 16
= λ 1−1/ 2 = λ = 4
and B =1.
5
2. (8) cos 2 2 x + cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos 6 x + sin 6 x = 2
4
28. (c) Put 3 + 5 x 4 = t ⇒ 20 x3 dx = dt , then
5
1 ⇒ cos 2 2 x − 5cos 2 x sin 2 x = 0
∫ x3 3 + 5 x 4 dx = ∫ t 1/ 2 dt
20
4
⇒ tan 2 2 x = 1, where 2 x ∈ [0, 4π ]
2 1 1
= × .t 3/ 2 + c = (3 + 5 x 4 )3/ 2 + c. Number of solutions = 8
3 20 30 3. (4) Image of y = −5 about the line x + y + 4 = 0 is
x =1
29. (a) Equation of line perpendicular to
⇒ Distance AB = 4
5x + 12 y + 8 = 0 is
4. (8) Let coin was tossed ‘n’ times
12 x − 5 y + k = 0.
1 n
Now it is a tangent to the circle, if Probability of getting at least two heads = 1 −  n + n 
2 2 
Radius of circle
 n + 1
= Distance of line from centre of circle ⇒ 1 −  n  ≥ 0.96
 2 
12(11) − 5(2) + k 2n
121 + 4 − 25 =
144 + 25 ⇒ ≥ 25 ⇒ n ≥ 8
n +1
⇒ k = 8 or −252.
5. (5) n = 6!.5! (5 girls together arranged along with 5
Hence equations of tangents are 5
boys) m = C4 .(7! − 2.6!).4!
12 x − 5 y + 8 = 0 and
(4 out of 5 girls together arranged with others – number of
12x − 5 y = 252 cases all 5 girls are together)
m 5 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6!⋅4!
30. (d) ~ p ∧ q =~ (q → p ) . =
n 6! ⋅ 5!

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Mock Test-1 367
6. (1) Let Parabola be y = 4ax and coordinates of P and Q
2
10. (c,d) (Y Z − Z Y ) = ( Z ) (Y ) − (Y ) ( Z )
3 4 4 3 T T 4 T 3 T 3 T 4

on this parabola are P ≡ ( at , 2 at1 ) and Q ≡ ( at , 2 at 2 ); T

1
2 2
2
= − Z 4Y 3 + Y 3 Z 4
is the point of intersection of tangents at t1 and t2. ⇒ symmetric X 44 + Y 44 is symmetric

∴ Coordinates of T ≡ {at1 , t2 , a (t1 + t2 )} X 4 Z 3 − Z 3 X 4 skew symmetric

Similarly , P′ ≡ {at3 , t1 , a (t3 + t1 )} X 23 + Y 23 skew symmetric.

Q′ ≡ {at2 , t3 , a (t2 + t3 )} (1 + α) 2 (1 + 2α) 2 (1 + 3α) 2

Let TP′ : TP = λ : 1 11. (b,c) We get 3 + 2α 3 + 4α 3 + 6α
t3 − t2 5 + 2α 5 + 4α 5 + 6α
∴ λ=
t1 − t2 = − 648α ( R3 → R3 − R2 ; R2 → R2 − R1 )
TP′ t3 − t2 α 2 − 2 4α 2 − 2 9α 2 − 2
or =
TP t1 − t 2 3 + 2α 3 + 4α 3 + 6α
TQ′ t1 − t3 2 2 2
Similarly, =
TQ t1 − t2 = − 648α ( R1 → R1 − R2 ; R3 → R3 − R2 )
TP ′ TQ ′ −2α 2 −5α 2 −9α 2 − 3
or = =1
TP TQ ⇒ −2α −2α 3 + 6α = − 648α
0
x ⋅0 1
x ⋅0 2
x ⋅1 1 0 0 2
7. (0) I = ∫ 2 + 0 dx + ∫ 2 + 1 dx + ∫ 2 + 0 dx + 0 = 4
−1 0 1 12. (b,d) Let the required plane be x + z + λ y − 1 = 0
⇒ 4I = 1 = 0
| λ − 1| 1
⇒ =1 ⇒ λ = −
8. (4) Let inner radius be r and inner length be ℓ λ +2
2 2
πr ℓ =V
2
⇒ P3 ≡ 2 x − y + 2 z − 2 = 0
Volume of material be M, Distance of P3 from (α , β , γ ) is 2
M = π ( r + 2) 2 (ℓ + 2) − π r 2 ℓ | 2α − β + 2γ − 2 |
=2
dM 4V 8V
= − 2 − 3 + 8π + 0 + 4π r 4 ×1 + 4
dr r r ⇒ 2α − β + 2λ + 4 = 0 and 2α − β + 2λ − 8 = 0
dM
= 0 when r = 10 13. (a,b) Line L will be parallel to the line of intersection of
dr
P1 and P2
⇒ V = 1000π
Let a, b and c be the direction ratios of line L
V
⇒ =4 ⇒ a + 2b − c = 0 and 2a − b + c = 0
250π
⇒ a : b : c :: 1 : − 3 : − 5
  
9. (a,c,d) | b + c | = | a | x−0 y−0 z−0
Equation of line L is = =
2 2   2 1 −3 −5
⇒ | b | + | c | = 2b ⋅ c = | a | Again foot of perpendicular from origin to plane P1 is

⇒ 48 + | c |2 + 48 = 144  1 1 1
 − ,− , 
 | c |2   6 3 6
⇒ |c|=4 3∴ − | a | = 12 ∴ Equation of project of line L on plane P1 is
2
   1 2 1
Also, | a + b | = | c | x+ y+ z−
2 2   2 6= 6 = 6 =k
⇒ | a | + | b | = 2a ⋅ b = | c | 1 −3 −5
      5 2  1 1 1
⇒ a ⋅ b = − 72 a + b + c = 0 Clearly points  0, − , −  and  − , − ,  satisfy the
           6 3  6 3 6
⇒ a × b = c × a ⇒ | a × b + c × a | = 2| a × b | = 48 3
line of projection i.e. M
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368 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

 16a 8a  17. (a,d) Differentiability of f ( x ) at x = 0

14. (a,d) P( at 2 , 2at ) ⇒ Q  2 , − 
 t t   f (0) − f (0 − δ )  0 + g (−δ )
LHD f ′(0− ) = lim   = lim =0
1 δ →0
 δ  δ → 0 δ
∆OPQ = OP ⋅ OQ
2  f (0 + δ ) − f (0)  g (δ )
RHD f ′(0+ ) = lim   = lim =0
⇒
1 a (4) 16 δ →0
 δ  δ → 0 δ
at t 2 + 4 ⋅ +4 =3 2
2 t t2 ⇒ f ( x ) is differentiable at x = 0
t − 3 2t + 4 = 0
2
Differentiabiligy of h( x) at x = 0
⇒ t = 2, 2 2 h′(0+ ) = 1, h( x) is an even function
 t2  Hence non diff. at x = 0
Hence, P ( at 2 , 2at ) = P  , t 
2  Differentiability of f ( h ( x )) at x = 0
f ( h( x )) = g (e| x| ) ∀ x ∈ R
t = 2 ⇒ P(1, 2)
f ( h(0)) − f ( h(0 − δ ))
t = 2 2 ⇒ P(4,2 2) LHD f ′( h(0 − )) = lim
δ →0 δ
dy ye x 1 g (1) − g (e ) δ
15. (a,c) + = x = lim = g ′(1)
dx 1 + e x
e +1 δ →0 δ
ex f ( h(0 + δ )) − f ( h(0))
I .F . = ∫
x
dx = eIn(1+ e ) = 1 + e x RHD f ′( h(0 + )) = lim
e 1+ e
x
δ →0 δ
δ
x+c g (e ) − g (1)
⇒ y (1 + e x ) = ∫ 1dx ⇒ y = = lim = g ′(1) Since g ′(1) ≠ 0
1 + ex δ →0 δ
y (0) = 2 ⇒ f ( h ( x )) is non diff. at x = 0
⇒ c =1 Differentiability of h ( f ( x )) at x = 0

{
x+4
⇒ y= h( f ( x )) = e
( f ( x )|
, x≠0
1 + ex 1, x=0
⇒ y (−4) = 0 h( f (0)) − h( f (0 − δ ))
LHD. h′( f (0 − δ )) = lim
(1 + e x ) − ( x + 4)e x δ →0 δ
⇒ y′ = =0
(1 + e x ) 2 1− e | g ( − δ )|
| g ( −δ ) |
= lim ⋅ =0
(1 + e ) − ( x + 4)e
x x δ →0 | g ( −δ ) | δ
Let g ( x) =
(1 + e x ) 2 π
18. (a,b,c) Given g ( x) = sin x ∀ x ∈ R
2
2−4
g (0) = 2 < 0 1 
2 f ( x) = sin  g ( g ( x)) 
 1 3 3 
2
1 +  − 1−  π π
g (−1) =  e e
<0= e >0 Also, g ( g ( g ( x))) ∈ − ,  ∀ x ∈ R
 1
2
 1
2
 2 2
 1 +   1 + 
 e  e  1 1
Hence, f ( x) and f ( g ( x)) ∈  − , 
g (0) ⋅ g ( −1) < 0. Hence g(x) has a root in between ( −1, 0)  2 2
1 
16. (b,c) Let the family of circles be x 2 + y 2 − αx − αy + c = 0 sin  g ( g ( x))  1 g ( g ( x))
lim
f ( x)
= lim 3 ⋅3
On differentiation 2 x + 2 yy ′ − α − αy ′ = 0 x →0 g ( x) x →0 1 g ( x)
g ( g ( x))
Again on differentiation and substituting ' α' we get 3
 2 x + 2 yy′  π 
2 x + 2 y ′2 + 2 yy′′ −  sin  sin x 
 y ′′ = 0 π =π
lim ⋅ 
2
 1 + y′  ⇒
x →0 6 π 6
⇒ ( y − x) y ′′ + y ′(1 + y ′ + y ′2 ) + 1 = 0 sin x
2

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Mock Test-1 369
 π 1 π  1  ⇒ 2(sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( X + Y ) = sin ( Z ) 2

Range of g ( f ( x)) ∈  − sin   , sin  

 2 2 2  2  ⇒ 2 ⋅ sin( X − Y ) ⋅ sin( Z ) = sin 2 ( Z )
⇒ g ( f ( x)) ≠ 1. sin( X − Y ) 1
⇒ = =λ
3α + β sin Z 2
19. (c) (A) = 3
2  nπ 
⇒ cos   = 0 for n = odd integer.
 2 
3α + β = ± 2 3 . . .(i)
(B) 1 + cos 2 X − 2 cos 2Y = 2 sin X sin Y
Given α = 2 + 3β . . .(ii) sin 2 X + sin X sin Y − 2sin 2 Y = 0
From equation (i) and (ii), we get α = 2 or −1 (sin X − sin Y )(sin X + 2 sin Y ) = 0
So |α| = 1 or 2 ⇒ sin X = sin Y
−3ax − 2, x < 1
2
⇒
sin X a
(B) f ( x) =  = = 1.
 bx + a , x ≥ 1 sin Y b
2

(C) Here, distance of Z from bisector of

For continuity −3a − 2 = b + a 2
  3
a2 + 3a + 2 = −b . . .(i) OX and OY =
2
For differentiability − 6 a = b
2 2
6a = −b  1  1 9
⇒ β −  +β −  =
a2 − 3a + 2 = 0  2  2 2
a = 1, 2 ⇒ β = 2, −1
(C) (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 ⇒ | β | = 2,1
+ ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω ) 2 4 n +3
=0 (D) When α = 0
2
(3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (ω (2ω 2 + 3 − 3ω )) 4 n + 3 Area = 6 − ∫ 2 x dx
0

+ (ω 2 ( −3ω + 2ω 2 + 3) 4 n + 3 = 0 8 2
= 6−
⇒ (3 − 3ω + 2ω ) 2 4n+3
+ (1 + ω 4n
+ω ) = 0
8n
3
⇒ n ≠ 3k , k ∈ N When α = 1
1 2
(D) Let a = 5 − d Area = ∫ 0
(3 − x − 2 x ) dx + ∫ ( x + 1 − 2 x ) dx
1
q = 5+ d 1 2
x2 4 3/ 2 x2 4
b = 5 + 2d = 3x − − x + + x − x3/ 2
2 3 2 3
⇒ | q − a | = | 2d | 0 1

2ab 8
Given =4 = 5− 2.
a+b 3
ab
⇒ =2
a+b JEE Advance Paper-II
(5 − d )(5 + 2d ) = 2(5 − d + 5 + 2 d ) = 2(10 + d ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
25 + 10d − 5d − 2d 2 = 20 + 2d 9 4 9 8 4 2 9 7 d a,d
2d − 3d − 5 = 0
2
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
5 b,c,d a,b a,b,c a,c b,c a,b a,b,c c,d a,b c,d
d = −1, d = ⇒ | 2 d | = 2, 5
2    
1. (9) s = 4 p + 3q + 5r
c2
20. (c) (A) a 2 − b 2 = (given)          
s = x(− p + q + r ) + y ( p − q + r ) + z (− p − q + r )
2
   
4R2 s = (− x + y − z ) p + ( x − y − z )q + ( x + y + z )r
4 R 2 (sin 2 X − sin 2 Y ) = sin 2 ( Z )
2 ⇒ −x + y − z = 4

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370 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ x− y−z =3 Multiplying equation (iii) and (iv), we get
⇒ x+ y+z =5 1 1 1 1
( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) ×  + + +  = 4
On solving we get x = 4, y =
9 7  x1 x2 x3 x4 
,z=−
2 2 ( ) −e
cos α n
⇒ 2x + y + z = 9 e e
6. (2) lim =−
α →0 αm 2

( ) (cosα
12 kπ π
e e (cos(α )
i i n
−1)
Σ e 7
e 7 −1
n
− 1) e
k =1
12 lim α 2n = −
2. (4)
3 i
π
=
3
=4 α →0
( cos(α n
) −1 α α ) m 2n
2
Σ ei (4 k − 2) e 7 − 1
k =1 if and only if 2n − m = 0

3. (9) Let seventh term be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’ 1 −1  12 + 9 x 2 

(9) α = ∫ e
(9 x +3tan x)
7.  2 
dx
Given
S7
=
6
⇒ a = 15 d
0
 1+ x 
S11 11
Put 9 x + 3tan −1 x = t
Hence, 130 < 15 d < 140 ⇒ d = 9
 3 
4. (8) x9 can be formed in 8 ways ⇒  9 + 1 + x 2  dx = dt
 
i.e., x 9 , x1+8 , x 2+ 7 , x 3+ 6 , x 4+5 , x1+ 2+6 , x1+3+5 , x 2+3+ 4 and 3π 3π
9+ 9+
coefficient in each case is 1 ⇒ α =∫ 4
e t dt = e 4
−1
0
⇒ Coefficient of x = 1 + 1 + 1 + .........+ 1 = 8
9
8 times  3π 
⇒  log e |1 + α | − 4 =9
5. (4) Let point of concurrent is (h, k )  
′ ′
Equation of normal at ( x′, y′) is, x − x2 = y1 − y2 8.
1
(7) G (1) = ∫ t | f ( f (t )) | dt = 0 f ( − x) = − f ( x )
x′ / a y′ / b −1

It is passes through (h, k ) , then 1

Given f (1) =
2
y ′ 2 {a 2 ( h − x ′) + b 2 x ′}2 = b 4 k 2 x′ 2 . . .(i)
F ( x) − F (1)
′ ′ 2 2 2
But x 2 = y 2 = 1 or y ′ 2 = b 2 ( a 2 − x ′ 2 ) . . .(ii) lim
F ( x)
= lim x −1 =
f (1)
=
1
a b a x →1 G ( x ) x →1 G ( x ) − G (1) | f ( f (1)) | 14
Value of y′2 from equation (ii), putting in equation (i), x −1
b2 2 1/ 2 1 1
we get ( a − x ′ 2 ){a 2 h + (b 2 − a 2 ) x ′}2 = b 4 k 2 x ′2 ⇒ = ⇒ f   = 7.
a2 | f (1/ 2) | 14 2
⇒ b2 2
( a − x ′ 2 ){a 4 h 2 + (b 2 − a 2 ) 2 x ′ 2 + 2 a 2 hx ′(b 2 − a 2 )} = b 4 k 2 x ′ 2
a2 192 x 3 192 x 3
Arranging above as a fourth degree equation in x′, we get
9. (D)
3 ∫1/ 2
t dt ≤ f ( x ) ≤
2 ∫1/ 2
t dt

⇒ 3
− ( a 2 − b 2 ) 2 x ′4 + 2 ha 2 ( a 2 − b 2 ) x ′3 + x ′ 2 (…) − 2 a 4 h ( a 2 − b 2 ) x ′ + a 6 h 2 = 0 16 x 4 − 1 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 24 x 4 −
2
Above equation being of fourth degree in x′, therefore 1 
1 1 3
roots of the above equation are x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 then ∫1/ 2
(16 x 4 − 1)dx ≤ ∫
1/ 2
f ( x)dx ≤ ∫  24 x 2 −  dx
1/ 2
 2
2ha 2 (a 2 − b 2 ) 2ha 2 26 1 39
10 ∫1/ 2
( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) = − = . . .(iii) 1< ≤ f ( x ) dx ≤ < 12
−(a 2 − b 2 ) 2 (a 2 − b 2 ) 10

1 1 1 1  Σx1 x2 x3 10. (a,d) Here, 0 < ( x1 − x2 ) 2 < 1

 + + + =
x
 1 x 2 x3 x4  x1 x2 ⋅ x3 ⋅ x4
⋅
⇒ 0 < ( x1 + x2 ) 2 − 4 x1 x2 < 1
2a h ( a − b )
4 2 2
1
⇒ 0< − 4 <1
−( a 2 − b 2 ) 2 2(a 2 − b 2 ) α2
= 6 2
= . . .(iv)
ah a2h  1 1   1 1
−( a 2 − b 2 ) 2 ⇒ α ∈ − , − ∪ , 
 2 5   5 2

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Mock Test-1 371

π 3π for a = 2 as well as a = 4
11. (b,c,d) <α <π,π < β < Similarly
2 2
3π
3π 5π
∫ π e (sin at + cos 4 at) dt = e 2π A
1 6
⇒ <α + β < 2
2 2
⇒ sin β < 0; cos α < 0 A + eπ A + e2π A + e3π A 34π −1
So, L = = π
A e −1
⇒ cos(α + β ) > 0.

12. (a,b) For the given line, point of contact for For both a = 2, 4
x2 y 2  a 2 b2 
E1 : 2
+ 2 = 1 is  ,  15. (b,c) Let H ( x ) = f ( x) − 3 g ( x)
a b  3 3
H (−1) = H (0) = H (2) = 3.
x2 y 2  B2 A2 
and for E2 : 2 + 2 = 1 is  ,  Applying Rolle’s Theorem in the interval [–1, 0]
B A  3 3 
H ′( x) = f ′( x) − 3 g ′( x) = 0 for atleast one c ∈ (−1, 0)
Point of contact x + y = 3 of and circle is (1, 2)
As H ′′( x ) never vanishes in the interval
Also, general point on x + y = 3 can be taken as
⇒ Exactly one c ∈ (−1,0) for which H ′( x) = 0
 r r  2 2
1 ∓ , 2±  where, r =
 2 2 3 Similarly, apply Rolle’s Theorem in the interval [0, 2]

1 8 5 4 ⇒ H ′( x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (0, 2)

So, required points are  ,  and  , 
3 3 3 3
16. (a,b) f ( x ) = (7 tan 6 x − 3 tan 2 x ) (tan 2 x + 1)
Comparing with points of contact of ellipse,
π /4 π /4
a 2 = 5, B 2 = 8
∫0
f ( x)dx = ∫
0
(7 tan 6 x − 3tan 2 x)sec 2 xdx
b 2 = 4, A2 = 1 π /4

7 43
⇒ ∫0
f ( x ) dx = 0
∴ e1e2 = and e12 + e22 =
40 π /4 π /4 π /4
2 10
∫ xf ( x)dx =  x ∫ f ( x) dx  − ∫  ∫ f ( x) dx  dx
0  0 0  
13. (a,b,d) Tanget at P, xx1 − yy1 = 1 intersects x-axis at
π /4 1
1  ∫0
xf ( x ) dx =
12
M  , 0
 x1 
17. (a,b,c) (a) f ′( x) = f ( x) + xF ′( x)
y1 y1 − 0
Slope of normal = − =
x1 x1 − x2 f ′(1) = F (1) + F ′(1)
⇒ x2 = 2 x1 ⇒ N ≡ (2 x1 ,0) f ′(1) = F ′(1) < 0
1
3 x1 + f ′(1) < 0
x1 y
For centroid ℓ = ,m= 1
3 3 (b) F (2) = 2 F (2)
dℓ 1
= 1− 2 F ( x ) is decreasing and F (1) = 0
dx1 3x1
dm 1 dm 1 dy1 x1 Hence F (2) < 0
= , = =
dy1 3 dx1 3 dx1 3 x12 − 1 ⇒ f (2) < 0
π 1 (c) f ′( x) = F ( x) + xF ′( x)
14. (a,c) Let ∫
0
e (sin 6 at + cos 4 at) dt = A
2π F ( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 3)
I = ∫ e1 (sin 6 + at + cos 4 at) dt
π
F ′( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 3)
Put t = π + x
dt = dx Hence f ′( x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 3)

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372 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
3 3
18. (c,d) ∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ xF ( x) dx n3
1 1
1 n3 + n4
3 =
 x2  1 3 3 n1
+
n3
=  F ( x)  − ∫ x 2 F ′( x)dx
2 n1 + n2 n3 + n4
 1 2 1
9 1 of the given options (a) and (b) satisfy above condition
= F (3) − F (1) + 6 = −12
2 2
3 20. (c,d) P (Red after Transfer) = P (Red Transfer), P (Red
40 = [ x 3 F ′( x)]13 − 3∫ x 2 F ′( x) dx Transfer in II Case)
1

40 = 27 F ′(3) − F ′(1) + 36 . . .(i) + P (Black Transfer). P (Red Transfer in II Case)

f ′( x) = F ( x) + xF ′( x) f ′(3) = F (3) + 3F ′(3) n1 (n1 − 1)
P(R) = +
n1 + n2 ( n1 + n2 − 1)
f ′(1) = F (1) + F ′(1) 9 f ′(3) − f ′(1) + 32 = 0
n2 n2 1
. =
19. (a,b) P (Red Ball) = P(1) ⋅ P( R | I ) + P ( II ) ⋅ P ( R | II ) n1 + n2 n1 + n2 − 1 3
1 P( II ) ⋅ P( R | II ) of the given option 3 and 4 satisfy above condition
P( II | R) = =
3 P( I ).P( R | I ) + P( II ) ⋅ P( R | II )

  

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Mock Test-2 373
JEE-MAIN: MATHEMATICS MOCK TEST-2

1 7. If (1 + x − 2 x 2 ) 6 = 1 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + .... + a12 x12 , then the

1. If f :[1, ∞) → [2, ∞) is given by f ( x) = x + then
x expression a2 + a4 + a6 +.... + a12 has the value
f − 1( x) equals: a. 32 b. 63
x+ x −4 2
x c. 64 d. None of these
a. b.
2 1 + x2 1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3 1+ 2 + 3 + 4
8. 1+ + + +…∞ =
x− x −4 2 2! 3! 4!
c. d. 1 + x 2 − 4
2 a. e b. 3e c. e / 2 d. 3e / 2
2. Let α and β be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0  1  1  1 
9. log e 2 + log e 1 +  + log e 1 +  + .... + log e 1 +  is
The equation whose roots are α 19 , β 7 is  2   3   n −1 
a. x − x − 1 = 0
2
b. x − x + 1 = 0
2 equal to
a. log e 1 b. log e n
c. x + x − 1 = 0 d. x + x + 1 = 0
2 2

c. log e (1 + n) d. log e (1 − n)
 2π   2π  2
3. Let ωn = cos   + i sin   , i = −1, then 10. There are 10 lamps in a hall. Each one of them can be
 n   n 
switched on independently. The number of ways in which
( x + yω3 + zω3 2 ) ( x + yω32 + zω3 ) is equal to
the hall can be illuminated is.
a. 0
a. 102 b. 1023
b. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 10
c. 2 d. 10 !
c. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − yz − zx − xy
11. A fair coin is tossed repeatedly. If tail appears on first four
d. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + yz + zx + xy tosses, then the probability of head appearing on fifth toss
equals
6
 2π k 2π k 
4. The value of ∑  sin
k =1 7
− i cos
7 
 is a.
1
b.
1
2 32
a. –1 b. 0
31 1
c. –i d. i c. d.
32 5
1 0 0 
tan 2 60°cosec30°
5. The inverse of the matrix  0 1 0  is 12. If x sin 45° cos 2 60° = , then x =
  sec 45° cot 2 30°
 0 0 1 
a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16
0 0 1  1 0 0 
a.  0 1 0  b.  0 1 0  13. If sin θ + sin 2θ + sin 3θ = sin α and
   
 1 0 0   0 0 1  cos θ + cos 2θ + cos 3θ = cos α ,then θ is equal to
a. α / 2 b. α c. 2α d. α / 6
0 1 0 1 0 0 
c.  0 0 1  d.  0 0 1   5 7 − 9i 
    14. Find imaginary part of sin −1  
 1 0 0   0 1 0 
 16 
a. log 2 b. − log 2
6. The sum of the first five terms of the series
1 3 c. 0 d. None of these
3 + 4 + 6 + ...... will be
2 4
15. An observer on the top of a tree, finds the angle of
9 3 depression of a car moving towards the tree to be 30°.
a. 39 b. 18
16 16 After 3 minutes this angle becomes 60°. After how much
7 9 more time, the car will reach the tree
c. 39 d. 13
16 16 a. 4 min b. 4.5 min c. 1.5 min d. 2 min

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374 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 x + x − 16 x + 20
3 2 23. The vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,–1) and the
 ,if x ≠ 2 .
16. Let f ( x) =  ( x − 2)2 If f ( x) be equation of its base in x + 2 y = 1. The length of its sides
 k , if x = 2 is
continuous for all x, then k = a. 4 / 15 b. 2 / 15
a. 7 b. –7 c. 4 / 3 3 d. 1/ 5
c. ± 7 d. None of these
K ( x + 1) 2 ( y + 2) 2
x + e x +.... ∞ dy 24. If the equation + = 1 represents a circle,
17. If y = e x + e , then = 3 4
dx then K =
y 1 a. 3/4 b. 1 c. 4/3 d. 12
a. b.
1− y 1− y 25. The equation of the common tangent to the curves
y y y 2 = 8 x and xy = −1 is
c. d.
1+ y y −1 a. 3 y = 9 x + 2 b. y = 2 x + 1

18. One maximum point of sin p x cos q x is c. 2 y = x + 8 d. y = x + 2


a. x = tan −1 ( p / q ) b. x = tan −1 ( q / p ) 
26. The vectors a and b are non-collinear. The value of x for
c. x = tan −1 ( p / q ) d. x = tan −1 ( q / p )      
which the vectors c = ( x − 2) a + b and d = (2 x + 1) a − b
1 are collinear, is
19. ∫ x (log x ) 2
dx =
1
a. 1 b.
2
1 1
a. +c b. − +c 1
log x log x c. d. None of these
3
c. log log x + c d. − log log x + c
      
27. If vectors a , b , c satisfy the condition | a − c | = | b − c |,
20. Area bounded by the parabola y = 2 x and the ordinates 2

    a + b 
x = 1, x = 4 is then (b − a ) ⋅  c −  is equal to
 2 
a. 4 2 sq. unit b. 28 2 sq.unit
3 3 a. 0 b. –1 c. 1 d. 2
56 x +1 y − 2 z + 3
c. sq. unit d. None of these 28. The angle between the straight lines = =
3 2 5 4
x −1 y + 2 z − 3
dy 1 + x 2 and = = is
21. The solution of the differential equation + = 0 is 1 2 −3
dx x
a. 45° b. 30° c. 60° d. 90°
1 x2
a. y = − tan −1 x + c b. y + log x + +c =0 29. A variable plane is at a constant distance p from the origin
2 2
and meets the axes in A, B and C. The locus of the
1 x2
c. y = tan −1 x + c d. y − log x − =c centroid of the tetrahedron OABC is
2 2
a. x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = 16 p −2 b. x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = 16 p −1
22. The solution of the differential
equation c. x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = 16 d. None of these
cos y log(sec x + tan x ) dx = cos x log (sec y + tan y )dy is
30. ~ ( p ∨ q ) is equal to
a. sec2 x + sec2 y = c b. sec x + sec y = c
a. ~ p ∨ ~ q b. ~ p ∧ ~ q
c. sec x − sec y = c d. None of these
c. ~ p ∨ q d. p ∨ ~ q
Space for rough work

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Mock Test-2 375
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-I

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions. SECTION 2 Contains 10 Multiple Choice Questions

The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to With one or more than one correct option
9 (both inclusive).
9. Let f be a non-negative function defined on the interval
9 x x
1. The coefficient of x in the expansion of
(1 + x ) (1 + x 2 ) (1 + x 3 ).....(1 + x100 ) is
[0, 1]. If ∫
0
1 − ( f ′(t )) 2 dt = ∫ f (t ) dt , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, and
0

2. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers f (0) = 0, then

a −5 , a −4 , 3a −3 , 1, a 8 and a with a > 0 is

10 1 1 1 1
a. f   < and f   >
2 2 3 3
3. The value of
1 1 1 1
  b. f   > and f   >
1 1 1 1  
2 2 3 3
6 + log 3  4− 4− 4−  is

2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2  1 1 1 1
  c. f   < and f   <
2 2 3 3
4. The number of distinct solutions of the equation
1 1 1 1
5 d. f   > and f   <
cos 2 2 x + cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos6 x + sin 6 x = 2 in the 2 2 3 3
4
interval [0, 2π ] is 10. Let α and β be the roots of x 2 − 6 x − 2 = 0, with α > β .
a10 − 2 a8
5. A cylindrical container is to be made from certain solid If an = α n − β n for n ≥ 1, then the value of is
2 a9
material with the following constraints: It has a fixed
a. 1 b. 2
inner volume of V mm3 , has a 2 mm thick solid wall and
c. 3 d. 4
is open at the top. The bottom of the container is a solid
15
circular disc of thickness 2 mm and is of radius equal to 11. Let z = cos θ + i sin θ . Then the value of ∑ Im( z
m =1
2 m −1
) at
the outer radius of the container.
If the volume of the material used to make the container is θ = 2° is
minimum when the inner radius of the container is 10 1 1
a. b.
sin 2° 3 sin 2 °
V
mm, then the value of is
250π c.
1
d.
1
2 sin 2 ° 4 sin 2 °
6. Let the curve C be the mirror image of the parabola
y 2 = 4 x with respect to the line x + y + 4 = 0. If A 1 2 2 
and B are the points of intersection of C with the line 12. If A =  2 1 −2  is a matrix satisfying the equation
y = −5, then the distance between A and B is  a 2 b 

AAT = 9 I , where I is 3× 3 identity matrix, then the

7. Let f : R → R be a continuous odd function, which vanishes
ordered pair (a, b) is equal to:
1
exactly at one point and f (1) = . Suppose that a. (2, −1) b. (−2,1)
2
x x c. (2,1) d. ( −2, −1)
F ( x ) = ∫ f (t ) dt for all x ∈[1 − 1, 2] and G(x) = ∫ t | f ( f (t)) | dt
−1 −1
13. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence
for all x ∈[−1, 2]. If lim F ( x) = 1 , then the value of f  1  is
x →1 G ( x ) 14 2
0.7, 0.77, 0.777, ..... is
7 7
8. Consider the set of eight vectors a. (179 − 10 −20 ) b. (99 − 10 −20 )
81 9
V = {aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ; a, b, c ∈{−1,1}}. Three non-coplanar vectors 7 7
c. (179 + 10 −20 ) d. (99 + 10 −20 )
can be chosen from V in 2 p ways. Then p is. 81 9

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376 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

14. Coefficient of x in11

the expansion of (B) Let a and b be real 2. 2
(1 + x ) (1 + ) (1 + x )
2 4 3 7 4 12
is numbers such that the
function
a. 1051 b. 1106
c. 1113 d. 1120
15. The number of seven digit integers, with sum of the digits
f (x) = { −3ax2 −2, x <1
bx + a2 , x ≥1
is

differentiable for all

equal to 10 and formed by using the digits 1, 2 and 3 only,
x ∈ R. Then possible
is
value(s) of a is (are)
a. 55 b. 66
c. 77 d. 88 (C) Let ω ≠1 be a 3. 3
complex cube root of
16. The mean of the data set comprising of 16 observations is
unity. If
16. If one of the observation valued 16 is deleted and three
new observations values 3, 4 and 5 are added to the data, (3 − 3ω + 2ω ) 2 4n+3

then the mean of the resultant data, is + (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3

a. 16.8 b. 16.0
+ ( −3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 = 0,
c. 15.8 d. 14.0
then possible value(s)
π
17. Let ABC be a triangle such that ∠ACB = and let a, b of n is (are)
6
(D) Let the harmonic mean 4. 4
and c denote the lengths of the sides opposite to A, B and
of two positive real
C respectively. The value (s) of x for which
numbers a and b be 4. If
a = x 2 + x + 1, b = x 2 − 1 and c = 2 x + 1 is (are)
q is a positive real
a. − (2 + 3) b. 1 + 3 number such that a, 5,
c. 2 + 3 d. 4 3 q, b is an arithmetic
1 progression, then the
18. Let f k ( x) = (sin k x + cos k x), where x ∈ R and k ≥ 1. value(s) of | q − a | is
k
Then f 4 ( x ) − f 6 ( x ) equals: (are)
1 1 5. 5
a. b.
6 3 20. Consider the following linear equations
1 1 ax + by + cz = 0
c. d.
4 12 bx + cy + az = 0
cx + ay + bz = 0
SECTION 3 Contains 2 Match The Following Type Questions
Match the conditions / expressions in Column I with
You will have to match entries in Column I with the entries in statements in Column II
Column II. Column I Column II
19. Match the Column:
(A) a + b + c ≠ 0 and 1. the equations represent
Column I Column II planes meeting only at
a + b + c = ab + bc + ca
2 2 2
2
(A) In R , if the magnitude 1. 1 a single point.
of the projection vector (B) a + b + c = 0 and 2. the equations represent
of the vector αiˆ + β ˆj a + b + c ≠ ab + bc + ca
2 2 2 the line x = y = z .

on 3iˆ + ˆj is 3 and (C) a + b + c ≠ 0 and 3. the equations represent

a + b + c ≠ ab + bc + ca
2 2 2 identical planes.
if α | = 2 + 3β, then
possible value(s) of (D) a + b + c = 0 and 4. the equations represent
a + b + c = ab + bc + ca
2 2 2 the whole of the three
| α | is (are)
dimensional space.
Space for rough work
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Mock Test-2 377
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-II

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions. 7. Let f :IR → IR be defined as f(x) = | x | + | x 2 − 1| . The total

The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to number of points at which f attains either a local
9 (both inclusive). maximum or a local minimum is
1. The number of distinct real roots of 8. The total number of distinct x∈R for which
x − 4 x + 12 x + x − 1 = 0 is
4 3 2
x x 1+ x
2 3

2. The number of all possible values of θ , where 0 < θ < π , 2x 4x 2

1 + 8 x 3 = 0 is
for which the system of equations 3x 9 x 2 1 + 27 x 3
2cos3θ 2sin3θ
( y + z ) cos3θ = ( xyz )sin 3θ x sin3θ = +
y z SECTION 2 Contains 8 Multiple Choice Questions
( xyz )sin 3θ = ( y + 2 z ) cos3θ + y sin 3θ have a solution With one or more than one correct option
( x0 , y0 , z0 ) with y0 z0 ≠ 0, is 9. If X = {4 n − 3 n − 1 : n ∈ N } and Y = {9( n − 1) : n ∈ N },
where N is the set of natural numbers, then X ∪ Y is
x 2 sin( β x )
3. Let α , β ∈ R be such that lim = 1. Then equal to:
x→0 α x − sin x a. N b. Y – X c. X d. Y
6(α + β ) equals
10. A value of b for which the equations x 2 + bx − 1 = 0
2

4. The centres of two circles C1 and C2 each of unit radius x + x + b = 0,

Have one root in common is
are at a distance of 6 units from each other. Let P be the
a. − 2 b. −i 3 c. i 5 d. 2
mid-point of the line segment joining the centres of C1
11. The variance of first 50 even natural numbers is:
and C2 and C be a circle touching circles C1 and C2 833 437
a. b. 833 c. 437 d.
externally. If a common tangent to C1 and C passing 4 4
tan A cot A
through P is also a common tangent to C2 and C, then the 12. The expression + can be written as
1 − cot A 1 − tan A
radius of the circle C is
  
5. Suppose that p, q and r are three non-coplanar vectors in a. sin A cos A + 1 b. sec A cosec A + 1
   
R3. Let the components of a vector s along p, q and r be c. tan A + cot A d. sec A + cosec A
4, 3 and 5, respectively. If the components of this vector  23  n

          13. The value of cot  ∑ cot −1  1 + ∑ 2k   is
s along (− p + q + r ), ( p − q + r ) and (− p − q + r ) are x, y  k =1  
 n =1
and z, respectively, then the value of 2 x + y + z is 23 25
2 2
a. b.
x y 25 23
6. Suppose that the foci of the ellipse + = 1 are
9 5 23 24
c. d.
( f1 , 0) and ( f 2 , 0) where f1 > 0 and f 2 < 0. Let P1 and 24 23
14. A man is walking towards a vertical pillar in a straight
P2 be two parabolas with a common vertex at (0, 0) and
path, at a uniform speed. At a certain point A on the path,
with foci at ( f1 , 0) and (2 f 2 , 0), respectively. Let T1 be
he observes that the angle of elevation of the top of the
a tangent to P1 which passes through (2 f 2 , 0) and T2 be pillar is 30°. After walking for 10 minutes from A in the
a tangent to P2 which passes through ( f1 , 0). The m1 is same direction, at a point R, he observes that the angle of
the slope of T1 and m2 is the slope of T2 , then the value elevation of the top of the pillar is 60°. Then the time
taken (in minutes) by him, from B to reach the pillar, is:
 1 
of  2 + m22  is a. 6 b. 10
m 
c. 20 d. 5

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378 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(1 − cos 2 x) (3 + cos x ) 18. If 2 balls are drawn (without replacement) from a
15. lim is equal to
x →0 x tan 4 x randomly selected box and one of the balls is white and
1 1 the other ball is red, the probability that these 2 balls are
a. − b. c. 1 d. 2 drawn from box B2 is
4 2
 π π 116 126 65 55
16. Let the function g : (−∞, ∞) →  − ,  be given by a. b. c. d.
 2 2 181 181 181 181
π
g (u ) = 2 tan −1 (eu ) − . Paragraph for Question No. 19 to 20
2 Suppose we define the definite integral using the following
Then, g is
d −a
b
formula ∫ f ( x )dx = ( f (a ) + f (b)), for more accurate
a. even and is strictly increasing in (0, ∞ ) 2
a

b. odd and is strictly decreasing in ( −∞ , ∞ ) c−a b−c

result for c ∈ ( a, b) F (c) = ( f ( a ) + f (c)) +
c. odd and is strictly increasing in ( −∞ , ∞ ) 2 2
d. neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in a+b
( f (b) + f (c)). When c = ,
( −∞ , ∞ ) 2
b−a
b

∫ f ( x)dx = 4
( f (a) + f (b) + 2 f (c)).
SECTION 3 Contains 2 Paragraph Type Questions a
π /2
Each paragraph describes an experiment, a situation or a problem.
Two multiple choice questions will be asked based on this paragraph.
19. ∫ sin x dx
0
is equal to
One or more than one option can be correct.
π π
a. (1 + 2) b. (1 + 2)
Paragraph for Question No. 17 to 18 8 4
A box B1 contains 1 white ball, 3 red balls and 2 black balls. π π
c. d.
Another box B2 contains 2 white balls, 3 red balls and 4 black 8 2 4 2
balls. A third box B3 contains 3 white balls, 4 red balls and 5 20. If f ′′( x ) < 0 ∀x ∈ (a, b) and c is a point such that
black balls. a < c < b , and (c, f (c )) is the point lying on the curve for
17. If 1 ball is drawn from each of the boxes B1 , B2 and B3 , which F ( c ) is maximum, then f ′( c ) is equal to
the probability that all 3 drawn balls are of the same
f (b ) − f ( a ) 2( f (b) − f (a ))
colour is a. b.
b−a b−a
82 90 558 566 2 f (b ) − f ( a )
a. b. c. d. c. d. 0
648 648 648 648 2b − a

Space for rough work

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Mock Test-2 379
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS 5. (d) It is understandable.
JEE-Main 1 3 9 27
6. (a) Given series is 3 + 4 + 6 + ........ = 3 + + + .....
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
2 4 2 4
a d c d b a d d b b 32 33 34 35
= 3+ + + + + ..... (in G.P.)
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2 4 8 16
a c a b c a a a b b 3
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Here a = 3, r = , then sum of the five terms
2
b d b a d c a d a b
 3  5   5 
3   − 1 1  3 − 1
1. (a) Use the identity f ( f − 1( x)) = x a(r n − 1)  2 
S5 = =   =  32 
replace x by f − 1( x), in the given function we get r −1 3 1
−1
1 2 2
f ( f − 1( x )) = f − 1( x) + −1
f ( x)  243 − 32  211× 3 633 9
= 6  = = = 39 .
 32  16 16 16
1
⇒ x = f − 1( x) + −1
, solve to find f − 1x.
f ( x) 7. (d) (1 + x − 2 x 2 ) 6 = 1 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + .... + a12 x12 .
Putting x = 1 and x = −1 and adding the results
2. (d) Given x2 + x + 1 = 0
64 = 2(1 + a2 + a4 + ...)
1 1 1
∴ x = [−1 ± i 3] = (−1 + i 3), ( −1 − i 3) = ω, ω 2 ∴ a2 + a4 + a6 + .... + a12 = 31.
2 2 2
But α 19 = ω19 = ω and β 7 = ω 14 = ω 2 . Σn n(n + 1)
8. (d) Tn = =
Hence the equation will be same. n! 2 (n)!
2π   2π  1  (n + 1)  1  n − 1 2 
3. (c) ω n = cos   + i sin   =  =  + 
 n   n  2  (n − 1)! 2  (n − 1)! (n − 1)!
2π 2π 1 i 3 1 1 2  (e + 2e) 3e
⇒ ω3 = cos + i sin =− + =ω =  + = = .
3 3 2 2 2  (n − 2)! (n − 1)! 2 2
2
 2π 2π  4π 4π 9. (b) The given series reduces to
and ω32 =  cos + i sin  = cos + i sin
 3 3  3 3 3 4  n 
log e 2 + log e   + log e   + … + log e  
1 i 3 2 3  n −1 
=− − = ω 2.
2 2 = log e 2 + log e 3 − log e 2 + log e 4 − log e 3 + …
∴ ( x + yω3 + zω ) ( x + yω + zω3 )
2
3
2
3 + log e (n) − log e (n − 1) = log e n.
= ( x + yω + zω 2 ) ( x + yω 2 + zω )
10. (b) 210 − 1 = 1023, corresponds to none of the lamps is
= x + y + z − xy − yz − zx.
2 2 2
being switched on.
6
 2kπ 2kπ  11. (a) The event that the fifth toss results in a head is
4. (d) ∑  sin
k =1 7
− i cos
7 

independent the event that the first four tosses result in tails.
 6 i 27kπ  ∴ Probability of the required event = ½
6
 2 kπ 2k π   
= ∑ −i  cos + i sin  = −i ∑ e  1 1 3.2 x
k =1  7 7   k =1  12. (c) x. . = ⇒ = 2 ⇒ x=8.
2 4 2.3 4 2
= −i{ei 2π / 7 + ei 4π / 7 + ei 6π / 7 + ei 8π / 7 + ei10π / 7 + ei12π / 7 }
13. (a) sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 2θ = sin α
 (1 − ei12π / 7 )   ei 2π / 7 − ei14π / 7 ) 
= −i  e i 2 π / 7  = −i   ⇒ 2sin 2θ cos θ + sin 2θ = sin α
 1 − ei 2π / 7   1− e
i 2π / 7
 ⇒ sin 2θ (2 cos θ + 1) = sin α . . .(i)
i 2π / 7
e − 1 Now, cos θ + cos 3θ + cos 2θ = cos α
(∵ ei14π / 7 = 1) = −i  i 2π / 7 
=i
1 − e  2 cos 2θ cos θ + cos 2θ = cos α

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380 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
⇒ cos 2θ (2cos θ + 1) = cos α . . .(ii) 1
19. (b) Put log x = t ⇒ dx = dt , then
From (i) and (ii), x
⇒ tan 2θ = tan α ⇒ 2θ = α ⇒ θ = α / 2 . 1 1 1 1
∫ x(log x)2
dx = ∫
t 2
dt = − + c = −
t log x
+ c.
  5 7 9 i 
14. (b) Imaginary part of sin −1  −
 16 16  
    20. (b) Y x =1 x=4

 9 y =
9 2x
= − log  + 1 +  = − log(2). D C
 16 16 
O A B X
15. (c) D′
C′
h
Required area = CDD ' C ' = 2 × ABCD
60° 30° 4 28 2
d = 2∫ 2 x 1/ 2 dx = sq. unit.
1 3
d = h cot 30 ° − h cot 60 ° and time = 3 min.
h (cot 30 o − cot 60 o ) dy 1 + x 2 1 
∴ Speed = per minute 21. (b) + = 0 ⇒ dy +  + x  dx = 0
3 dx x x 
It will travel distance h cot 60° in x2
On integrating, we get y + log x + + c = 0.
h cot 60 × 3 o
2
= 1.5 minute.
h(cot 30o − cot 60o )
22. (d) cos y log(sec x + tan x)dx = cos x log(sec y + tan y)dy
16. (a) For continuous lim f ( x ) = f (2) = k
x→ 2
⇒ ∫ sec y log(sec y + tan y ) dy

x 3 + x 2 − 16 x + 20 = ∫ sec x log(sec x + tan x) dx

⇒ k = lim
x→2 ( x − 2) 2
Put log(sec x + tan x) = t and log(sec y + tan y ) = z
( x 2 − 4 x + 4) ( x + 5)
= lim = 7.
x→2 ( x − 2) 2 [log(sec x + tan x)]2 [log(sec y + tan y )]2
= + c.
2 2
17. (a) y = e x + y ⇒ log y = ( x + y ) log e
A (2, –1)
1 dy dy dy y 23. (b)
⇒ = 1+ ⇒ = .
y dx dx dx 1 − y

18. (a) Let y = sin p x.cos q x

dy 60o
= p sin p−1 x.cos x.cos q x + q cos q−1 x.(− sin x)sin p x C
dx D
x + 2y –1 = 0
dy
= p sin p −1 x.cos q +1 x − q cos q −1 x.sin p +1 x 2 − 2 −1 1
dx | AD | = =
12 + 2 2 5
dy
Put = 0, AD
dx ⇒ tan 60° =
p BD
∴ tan 2 x =
q 1/ 5
⇒ 3=
BD
p
⇒ tan x = ± 1
q ⇒ BD =
15
p
∴ Point of maxima x = tan −1 . ⇒ BC = 2 BD = 2 / 15 .
q

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Mock Test-2 381
24. (a) It represents a circle, if a = b JEE Advance Paper-I
k 1 3
⇒ = ⇒ k= . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
3 4 4 8 8 4 8 4 4 7 5 c c
25. (d) Tangent to the curve y 2 = 8 x is y = mx + 2 / m. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
So, it must satisfy xy = −1. d d c c c d b d c a

 2 2
⇒ x  mx +  = −1⇒ mx 2 + x + 1 = 0 1. (8) x9 can be formed in 8 ways
 m m
i.e., x 9 , x1+8 , x 2+ 7 , x 3+ 6 , x 4+5 , x1+ 2+ 6 , x1+3+5 , x 2 +3+ 4
Since, it has equal roots.
D=0 z and coefficient in each case is 1
∴
⇒ Coefficient of x9 = 1 + 1 + 1 + .........+ 1 = 8
4 8 times
⇒ − 4m = 0 ⇒ m 3 = 1
m2
a −5 + a −4 + 3( a −3 ) + 1 + a 8 + a10
≥ ( a −5 a −4 ( a −3 ) 3 (1) ( a 8 )( a10 ) ) = 1
1/8

⇒ m = 1 Hence, equation of common tangent is y = x + 2. 2. (8)

1+1+ 3 +1+1+1
      (using AM ≥ GM)
26. (c) Since c = ( x − 2) a + b and d = (2 x + 1) a − b are
  ∴ a −5 + a −4 + 3a −3 + 1 + a8 + a10 ≥ 8
collinear, therefore c = λ d
   
⇒ ( x − 2) a + b = λ (2 x + 1) a − λ b 1 1 1 1
 3. (4) 6 + log3/ 2 4− 4− 4− ...

or [( x − 2) − λ (2 x + 1)] a + (λ + 1)b = 0 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
( x − 2) − λ (2 x + 1) = 0, λ + 1 = 0 1 1
  put x = 4 − 4− ...
(∵ a , b are linearly independent) 3 2 3 2
⇒ x − 2 + 2x +1 = 0 x
x2 = 4 −
1 3 2
⇒ x= .
3 3 2 x = 12 2 − x
2

   
 
   
27. (a) (b − a ) ⋅  c − a + b  = b ⋅ c − b ⋅  a + b  − a ⋅ c + a (a + b )
  3 2 x 2 + x − 12 2 = 0
 2   2  2
4 2
    ⇒ x= ; x = − 3/ 2 not possible
and | a − c | = | b − c | 3
   
⇒ | a − c |2 = | b − c |2  1 4 2
⇒ 6 + log3/ 2  × 
∴
 
a + b = 2c
 3 2 3 
 4
    a + b  ⇒ 6 + log3/ 2   ⇒ 6 − 2 = 4
Therefore, (b − a ) ⋅  c − =0 9
 2 
5
(2 + 10 − 12) 4. (8) cos 2 2 x + cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos 6 x + sin 6 x = 2
28. (d) θ = cos −1 = cos −1 (0) 4
4 + 25 + 16 1 + 4 + 9
5
⇒ θ = 90° ⇒ cos 2 2 x − 5cos2 x sin 2 x = 0
4
x y z 1
29. (a)Plane is + + = 1 , where p = ⇒ tan 2 2 x = 1, where 2 x ∈ [0, 4π ]
a b c Σ (1/ a 2 )
Number of solutions = 8
1 1 1 1
or 2
+ 2+ 2 = 2 . . .(i) 5. (4) Let inner radius be r and inner length be ℓ
a b c p
π r 2ℓ = V
a b c
Now according to equation, x = , y = , z = Volume of material be M
4 4 4
M = π (r + 2)2 (ℓ + 2) − π r 2 ℓ
Put the values of x, y, z in (i), we get the locus of the
centroid of the tetrahedron. dM 4V 8V
= − 2 − 3 + 8π + 0 + 4π r
30. (a) ~ ( p ∨ q) ≡ ~ p ∧ ~ q . dr r r

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382 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
dM a10 − 2a8 (α 10 − β 10 ) − 2(α 8 − β 8 )
= 0 when r = 10 ⇒ =
dr 2a9 2(α 9 − β 9 )
⇒ V = 1000π α 8 (α 2 − 2) − β 8 ( β 2 − 2)
V =
⇒ =4 2(α 9 − β 9 )
250π
α 8 .(6α ) − β 8 (6 β )
=
6. (4) Image of y = −5 2(α 9 − β 9 )
about the line x + y + 4 = 0 is x = 1 6 (α 9 − β 9 )
− =3
⇒ Distance AB = 4 2 2(α 9 − β 9 )

11. (d) X = sin θ + sin 3θ + ... + sin 29θ

1
7. (7) G (1) = ∫ t | f ( f (t )) | dt = 0
−1
2(sin θ ) X = 1 − cos 2θ + cos2θ − cos 4θ + ... + cos 28θ − cos30θ
⇒ f (− x ) = − f ( x )
1 − cos 30θ 1
1 ⇒ X = =
Given f (1) = 2 sin θ 4sin 2°
2
F ( x) − F (1) 12. (d) AAT = 9I
F ( x) x −1 f (1) 1
⇒ lim = lim = =
x →1 G ( x ) x →1 G ( x ) − G (1) | f ( f (1)) | 14 1 2 2  1 2 a 
  
x −1  2 1 −2   2 1 2  = 9 I
1/ 2 1 1  a 2 b   2 −2 b 
⇒ = ⇒ f   = 7.
| f (1/ 2) | 14 2  9 0 a + 4 + 2b  9 0 0 
⇒  2a + 2 − 2b  ⇒  0 9 0 
8. (5) Let (1,1,1), ( −1,1,1), (1, −1,1), (−1, −1, −1) be vectors  0 9
         a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a 2 + 4 + b 2   0 0 9 
a , b , c , d rest of the vectors are −a, −b , −c , −d and let us
find the number of ways of selecting co-planar vectors. Equation a + 4 + 2b = 0
Observe that out of any 3 coplanar vectors two will be ⇒ a + 2b = −4 . . .(i)
collinear (anti parallel) and 2a + 2 − 2b = 0
Number of ways of selecting the anti parallel pair = 4
⇒ 2a − 2b = −2 . . .(ii)
Number of ways of selecting the third vector = 6
Total = 24 a2 + 4 + b2 = 0
Number of non co-planar selections ⇒ a2 + b2 = 5 . . .(iii)
= C3 − 24 = 32 = 2 , p = 5
8 5
Solving a = −2, b = −1
Alternate
8× 6× 4 13. (c) 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + ..... + 0.777...7
Required value =
3! 7
= [0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ... + 0.999...9]
∴ p=5 9
7
= [(1 − 0.1) + (1 − 0.01) + (1 − 0.001...1) + ... + (1 − 0.000...1)]
9. (c) f ′ = ± 1 − f 2
9

⇒ f ( x) = sin x or f ( x) = − sin x (not possible) 7  1 1 1 1 

=  20 −  + 2 + 3 + ... + 20  
⇒ f ( x) = sin x
9  10 10 10 10 

Also, x > sin x ∀ x > 0  1 

1 − 20  7
7 1 1  1020 − 1  
=  20 − . 10  =  20 − .  
10. (c) α is a roots of equation 9 10 1 − 1  9  9  1020  
 10 
α 2 − 6α − 2 = 0; β 2 − 6 B − 2 = 0
7   1  7 −20
α 2 − 6α − 2 = 0 180 −  1 − 20   = [179 + 10 ]
81   10   81
⇒ α 2 − 2 = 6α

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Mock Test-2 383
14. (c) 2 x1 + 3 x2 + 4 x3 = 11 So |α| = 1 or 2
Possibilities are (0, 1, 2); (1, 3, 0); (2, 1, 1); (4, 1, 0). − x <1
(B) f ( x ) =  3ax −2 2,
2

∴ Required coefficients  bx + a , x ≥ 1
= ( 4 C0 ×7 C1 ×12 C2 ) + ( 4 C1 ×7 C3 ×12 C0 ) + ( 4 C2 ×7 C1 ×12 C1 ) + ( 4 C4 ×7 C1 × 1)
For continuity −3a − 2 = b + a 2
= (1× 7 × 66) + (4 × 35 × 1) + (6 × 7 × 12) + (1 × 7)
⇒ a 2 + 3a + 2 = −b . . .(i)
= 462 + 140 + 504 + 4 = 113.
For differentiability −6a = b
15. (c) Coefficient of x 10 in ( x + x 2 + x3 )7 ⇒ 6 a = −b
Coefficient of x 3 in (1 + x + x 2 )7 ⇒ a 2 − 3a + 2 = 0
Coefficient of x 3 in ⇒ a = 1, 2
(1 − x3 )7 (1 − x)−7 = 7+3+7C3 − 7 = 9C3 − 7 (C) (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 )4 n + 3 + (2 + 3ω − 3ω 2 )4 n + 3 + (−3 + 2ω + 3ω 2 ) 4n +3 = 0
(3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (ω (2ω 2 + 3 − 3ω )) 4 n + 3 + (ω 2 (−3ω + 2ω 2 + 3) 4 n + 3 = 0
9 ×8× 7
= − 7 = 77
6 ⇒ (3 − 3ω + 2ω 2 ) 4 n + 3 + (1 + ω 4 n + ω 8 n ) = 0
Σxi ⇒ n ≠ 3k , k ∈ N
16. (d) = 16 ⇒ Σxi = 256
16 (D) Let a = 5 − d
(Σxi ) − 16 + 3 + 4 + 5 252 q = 5+d
= = 14
18 18 b = 5 + 2d
17. (b) Using cosine rule for ∠C | q − a | = | 2d |
3 ( x + x + 1) + ( x − 1) − (2 x + 1)
2 2 2 2 2
2 ab
= Given =4
2 2( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 − 1) a+b
2x2 + 2x −1 ⇒
ab
=2
⇒ 3=
x2 + x + 1 a+b
⇒ ( 3 − 2) x 2 + ( 3 − 2) x + ( 3 + 1) = 0 ⇒ (5 − d )(5 + 2 d ) = 2(5 − d + 5 + 2 d ) = 2(10 + d )

(2 − 3) ± 3 ⇒ 25 + 10d − 5d − 2d 2 = 20 + 2d
⇒ x=
2( 3 − 2) ⇒ 2d 2 − 3d − 5 = 0
⇒ x = − (2 + 3),1 + 3 ⇒ x = 1 + 3 as ( x > 0). ⇒ d = −1, d =
5
2
1 1
18. (d) f k = (sin k x + cos k x) f 6 ( x) = (sin 6 x + cos6 x) ⇒ | 2 d | = 2,5
4 6
1 a b c
f 4 ( x) = (sin 4 x + cos 4 x)
4 20. ∆ = b c a = − 1 ( a + b + c )[(a − b) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − a ) 2 ]
2
1 3  c a b
f 6 K = 1 − sin 2 2 x 
6 4 
(A) If a + b + c ≠ 0
1  sin 2 2 x  and a 2 + b2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ca
f 4 ( x ) = 1 = 
4 2 
⇒ ∆ = 0 and a = b = c ≠ 0
 1 sin 2 2 x   1 sin 2 2 x  1 1 1 ⇒ the equations represent identical planes.
f 4 ( x) − f 6 ( x) =  − − − = − =
4 8  6 8  4 6 12 (B) a + b + c = 0 and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≠ ab + bc + ca
⇒ ∆=0
3α + β
19. (A) = 3 ⇒ the equations have infinitely many solutions.
2
ax + by + ( a + b) z
3α + β = ± 2 3 . . .(i) bx + cy = (b + c) z
Given α = 2 + 3β . . .(ii) ⇒ (b 2 − ac ) y = (b 2 − ac ) z ⇒ y=z
From equation (i) and (ii), we get α = 2 or − 1 ⇒ ax + by + cy = 0 ⇒ ax = ay ⇒ x = y = z

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384 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
(C) a + b + c ≠ 0 2 2 1
4. (8) cos α = sin α =
and a + b + c ≠ ab + bc + ca
2 2 2
3 3
⇒ ∆≠0 C1

⇒ the equation represent planes meeting at only one point. 2 2 C2

A P α 1
(D) a + b + c = 0 α
3 B
and a + b + c = ab + bc + ca
2 2 2

R α
⇒ a =b=c =0
⇒ the equation represent whole of the three dimensional space.
C

JEE Advance Paper -II

2 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tan α =
R
2 3 7 8 9 4 5 2 d b
2 2
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ⇒ R= = 8 units.
tan α
b b b d d c a d a a
   
5. (9) s = 4 p + 3q + 5r
1. (2) Let f ( x ) = x 4 − 4 x 3 + 12 x 2 + x − 1 = 0          
s = x(− p + q + r ) + y ( p − q + r ) + z ( − p − q + r )
f ′( x ) = 4 x 3 − 12 x 2 + 24 x + 1 = 4( x 3 − 3 x 2 + 6 x ) + 1    
s = (− x + y − z ) p + ( x − y − z )q + ( x + y + z )r
f ′′( x ) = 12 x 2 − 24 x + 24 = 12( x 2 − 2 x + 2)
⇒ −x + y − z = 4 ⇒ x − y − z = 3 ⇒ x + y + z = 5
f ′′( x ) has 0 rl roots f(x)has maximum 2 distinct real roots 9 7
On solving we get x = 4, y = ,z=−
as f (0) = −1. 2 2
⇒ 2x + y + z = 9
2. (3) ( y + z ) cos 3θ − ( xyz )sin 3θ = 0 . . .(i)
xyz sin 3θ = (2cos3θ ) z + (2sin 3θ ) y . . .(ii) 6. (4) The equation of P1 is y 2 − 8x = 0 and P2 is
∴ ( y + z ) cos 3θ = (2 cos 3θ ) z + (2 sin 3θ ) y = ( y + 2 z ) cos 3θ + y sin 3θ y y 2 + 16x = 0
(cos 3θ − 2sin 3θ ) = z cos 3θ and y (sin θ − cos3θ ) = 0 Tangent to y 2 − 5x = 0 passes through (–4, 0)
0 ⇒ sin 3θ − cos 3θ = 0 ⇒
⇒
2
⇒ sin 3θ = cos 3θ ⇒ 0 = m1 (−4) +
m1
∴ 3θ = nπ + π / 4
1
⇒ =2
 β x β x 3 3

5 5 m12
x2  β x − + − ...... 
x sin β x
2
3! 5! Also tangent to y 2 + 16x = 0 passes through (2, 0)
3. (7) lim = lim  
x →0 α x − sin x x →0  3 5

x x
α x −  x − − − .......  ⇒ 0 = m2 × 2 −
4
 3! 5!  m2
 β 3 x2  ⇒ m22 = 2
x3  β − + ..... 
 3!  =1
= lim 1
x→0 x3 x 5 ⇒ + m 22 = 4
(α − 1) x + − + ....... m12
3! 5!
⇒ α −1 = 0 7. (5) fx = x + x 2 − 1
⇒ α = 1,
 x 2 − x − 1 if x ≤ −1
Limit = 6 β = 1  2
− x − x + 1 if –1 ≤ x<0
1 = 2
⇒ β=  –x + x + 1 if 0 ≤ x < 1
6
 x 2 + x –1 if x ≥1
 1 7
⇒ 6(α + β ) = 6  1 +  = 6 × = 7
 6 6 So, total no. of local maxima and local minima is = 5

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Mock Test-2 385
x 1
1 1 1 + x3 14. (d) tan 30° = =
y+z 3
8. (2) x ⋅ x 2 0 2 6 x3 − 1 = 0
0 6 24 x3 − 2

⇒ x 3 (12 x 3 + 2) = 0
x
⇒ 6 x 6 + x3 − 5 = 0
⇒ 6 x 6 + 6 x 3 − 5 x3 − 5 = 0
60 30
⇒ (6 x 3 − 5)( x 3 + 1) = 0 y B z A
5 ⇒ 3x = y + z
⇒ x 3 = − 1, x 3 =
6
x
5
1/ 3
⇒ tan 60° = = 3
⇒ x = −1, x =   y
6
So, two solution ⇒ x = 3y = y + z

9. (d) x = 4n − 3n − 1, n ∈ N 3y = y + z

x = (1 + 3) n − 3n − 1, n ∈ N ⇒ 2y = z

⇒ X = 0,9,54, ... y = 9(n − 1), n ∈ N for 2y distance time

⇒ y = 0,9,18, ... ⇒ x ∪ y = y. = 10 min.
So for y dist time = 5 min.
10. (b) x 2 + bx − 1 = 0
(1 − cos 2 x) (3 + cos x )
x2 + x + b = 0 . . .(i) 15. (d) lim
x →0 x tan 4 x
Common root is (b − 1)x − 1 − b = 0
b +1 (2sin 2 x )(3 + cos x)
⇒ = lim
x= This value of x satisfies equation (i) x →0  tan 4 x 
b −1 x  × 4x
 4x 
(b + 1)2 b + 1
⇒ + +b = 0 2sin 2 x (3 + cos x ) 2
(b −1)2 b −1 = lim = (3 + 1) = 2
x →0 4x2 4
⇒ b = 3i, − 3i, 0.
π
16. (c) g (u ) = 2 tan −1 (eu ) −
11. (b) Variance =
∑ x − ( x)
2
1
2 2
n = 2 tan e − tan e − cot −1 e u = tan −1 e u − cot −1 e u
−1 u −1 u

 22 + 42 + 62 + ... + 1002   2 + 4 + ... + 100 

2
g ( − x) = − g ( x )
⇒ σ2 − 
 50   50  ⇒ g ( x) is odd and g ′( x ) > 0
⇒ σ = 3434 − 2601 = 833
2
⇒ increasing.
 2 1 
2
12. (b) Exp. = tan A + 1
=
1
tan A − 17. (a) P (required) = P (all are white) + P (all are red) + P
tan A − 1 tan A − tan 2 A tan A − 1  tan A 
(all are black)
tan 2 A + tan A + 1
= = tan A + cot A + 1 = sec A. cosec A + 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 2 4 5 5
tan A = × × + × × + × × ×
6 9 12 6 9 12 6 9 12 12
 23 
13. (b) cot  ∑ cot −1 ( n 2 + n + 1)  6 36 40 82
 n =1  = + + = .
648 648 648 648
 23  n +1− n  
cot  ∑ tan −1  
 n =1  1 + n(n + 1)   18. (d) Let A : one ball is white and other is red


E1 : Both balls are from box B1
 23   25
⇒ cot  tan −1   = .
  325   23 E2 : Both balls are from box B2

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386 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
E3 : Both balls are from box B3 π   π 
π /2 +0 0+ 2 
π 
E  19. (a) ∫ sin x dx = 2  sin(0) + sin   + 2sin  
Here, P (required) = P  2  4  2  2  
 A
0

  
 A π
P   .P ( E 2 ) = (1 + 2)
 E2 
8
=
A  A  A 20. (a) F ′(c ) = (b − a ) f ′(c ) + f ( a ) − f (b)
P   .P ( E1 ) + P   .P ( E2 ) +   .P ( E.3 )
E
 1 E
 2  E3  F ′′(c ) = f ′′(c )(b − a ) < 0
2
C1 × C1 1
3
1 ⇒ F ′(c) = 0
9
×
C2 3 6 55
= 1 = = f (b ) − f ( a )
C1 × 3C1 1 2 C1 × 3C1 1 3 C1 × 4 C1 1 1 1 2 181.
+ + ⇒ f ′(c) =
6
× + 9 × + 12 × b−a
C2 3 C2 3 C2 3 5 6 11

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Mock Test-3 387
JEE-MAIN: MATHEMATICS MOCK TEST -3

 −1 x < 0 1 7
 a. b.
1. Let g ( x) = 1 + x − [ x] and f ( x) =  0 x = 0. Then for all 2 15
 1 x >1
 c.
2
d.
1
x, f {g ( x)} is equal to: 15 3

a. x b. 1 c. f ( x) d. g ( x ) 3π 1 − cos α 1 + cos α
10. If π < α < , then + =
2 1 + cos α 1 − cos α
2. If x = 6 + 6 + 6 + ....to ∞ , then 2 2
a. b. −
a. x is an irrational number b. 2 < x < 3 sin α sin α
c. x = 3 d. None of these 1 1
c. d. −
sin α sin α
3. If z + z −1 = 1, then z100 + z −100 is equal to
a. i b. – I c. 1 d. – 1  3 i
11. Find real part of cos −1 
 2 + 2 
 2 −3  
4. The inverse of   is
 −4 2  a. π / 3 b. π / 4

−1  2 3  −1  3 2   3 −1 
c. log 
 2 
a. b. d. None of these
8  4 2  8  2 4   
1  2 3 1  3 2 12. A house of height 100 metres subtends a right angle at the
c. d.
8  4 2  8  2 4  window of an opposite house. If the height of the window
be 64 metres, then the distance between the two houses is
5. The sum of 100 terms of the series .9 + .09 + .009......... ill be
100 100
a. 48 m b. 36 m c. 54 m d. 72 m
 1  1
a. 1 −   b. 1 +    sin x
 10   10   + cos x, when x≠0
106 100
13. If f ( x) =  x then
 1  1  2, when x=0
c. 1 −   d. 1 +  
 10   10 
a. lim f ( x) ≠ 2 b. lim f ( x) = 0
x →0 + x →0 −
6. If n is an integer greater than 1, then a − C1 ( a − 1) +n n
c. f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 d. None of these
C2 (a − 2) +.... + ( −1) n (a − n) =
dy
a. a b. 0 14. If x y = e x − y , then =
dx
c. a 2 d. 2 n
a. log x.[log(ex)]−2 b. log x.[log(ex)]2
2 6 12 20
7. The sum of + + + +… is c. log x.(log x)2 d. None of these
1! 2! 3! 4!
3e 15. 20 is divided into two parts so that product of cube of one
a. b. e
2 quantity and square of the other quantity is maximum. The
c. 2e d. 3e parts are
a. 10, 10 b. 16, 4
8. If the letters of the word KRISNA are arranged in all
c. 8, 12 d. 12, 8
possible ways and these words are written out as in a
dictionary, then the rank of the word KRISNA is 1
a. 324 b. 341
16. ∫ x
tan 4 x sec 2 x dx =

c. 359 d. None of these 1 5

a. 2 tan 5 x + c b. tan x + c
9. Seven white balls and three black balls are randomly 5
placed in a row. The probability that no two black balls 2 5
c. tan x + c d. None of these
are placed adjacently, equals 5

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388 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
17. The area bounded by the straight lines x = 0, x = 2 and the 24. ~ ( p ∧ q) is equal to
curves y = 2 , y = 2 x − x is
x 2
a. ~ p ∨ ~ q b. ~ p ∧ ~ q
4 1 3 4 c. ~ p ∧ q d. p ∧ ~ q
a. − b. +
3 log 2 log 2 3
25. The value of b and c for which the identity
4 3 4 f ( x + 1) − f ( x) = 8 x + 3 is satisfied, where
c. −1 d. −
log 2 log 2 3
f ( x) = bx 2 + cx + d , are
dy a. b = 2, c = 1 b. b = 4, c = −1
18. The solution of = e x (sin x + cos x ) is
dx
c. b = −1, c = 4 d. None of these.
a. y = e x (sin x − cos x) + c
26. If H is the harmonic mean between p and q, then the
b. y = e x (cos x − sin x) + c
H H
c. y = e x sin x + c value of + is
p q
d. y = e x cos x + c
pq
a. 2 b.
19. The product of the perpendiculars drawn from the points p+q
x y p+q
( ± a 2 − b 2 ,0) on the line cos θ + sin θ = 1 , is c. d. None of these
a b pq
2 2
a. a b. b
27. Six cards and six envelopes are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
c. a + b 2 2
d. a 2 − b 2
and cards are to be placed in envelopes so that each
20. Area of the circle in which a chord of length 2 makes envelope contains exactly one card and no card is placed
π in the enveloped bearing the same number and moreover
an angle at the centre is
2 the card numbered 1 is always placed in envelope
π numbered 2. Then, the number of ways it can be done is
a. b. 2π
2 a. 264 b. 265
π c. 53 d. 67
c. π d.
4 28. ABCD is a rectangular field. A vertical lamp post of height
21. The focal chord to y = 16 x is
2
tangent to 12m stands at the corner A. If the angle of elevation of its
top from B is 60° and from C is 45°, then the area of the
( x − 6) 2 + y 2 = 2, then the possible values of the slope of
field is
this chord, are
a. 48 2 sq. m b. 48 3 sq. m
a. {−1,1} b. {−2, 2}
c. 48 sq. m d. 12 2 sq. m
c. {−2,1/ 2} d. {2, −1/ 2}
       29. The area bounded by the curves y = x , 2 y + 3 = x and
22. If a , b , c are non-zero vectors such that a ⋅ b = a ⋅ c , then
x-axis in the 1st quadrant is:
which statement is true
     a. 9 sq unit
a. b = c b. a ⊥ (b − c ) b. 27/4 sq unit
    
c. b = c or a ⊥ (b − c ) d. None of these c. 36 sq unit
d. 18 sq unit
23. The point of intersection of the lines
30. If the line 2x + 6 y = 2 touches the hyperbola
x−5 y −7 z + 2 x +3 y −3 z −6
= = , = = is
x 2 − 2 y 2 = 4, then the point of contact is:
3 −1 1 −36 2 4
5 10
a. 21, , b. ( 2,10, 4) a. (−2, 6) b. (−5, 2 6)
3 3
1 1 
c. ( −3,3,6) d. (5,7, − 2) c.  ,  d. (4, − 6)
2 6

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Mock Test-3 389
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-I

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions. 8. Let n ≥ 2 be an integer. Take n distinct points on a circle

The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to and join each pair of points by a line segment. Colour the
9 (both inclusive). line segment joining every pair of adjacent points by blue
and the rest by red. If the number of red and blue line
1. If z is any complex number satisfying | z − 3 − 2i |≤ 2, then
segments are equal, then the value of n is
the minimum value of | 2z − 6 + 5i | is
SECTION 2 Contains 10 Multiple Choice Questions
2. Let M be a 3 × 3 matrix satisfying
With one or more than one correct option
0   −1 1 1
M 1  =  2  , M  −1 =  1  ,
   
9. Let A and B be two sets containing four and two elements
0   3   0   −1 respectively. Then the number of subsets of the set A × B ,
1  0  each having at least three elements is:
and M 1 =  0  . a. 219 b. 256
1 12  c. 275 d. 510

Then the sum of the diagonal entries of M is 10. The real number k for which the equation,
2 x + 3 x + k = 0 has two distinct real roots in [0, 1]
3
3. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression
a. lies between 1 and 2 b. lies between 2 and 3
(A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of the
c. lies between –1 and 0 d. does not exist
first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is
6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in between 130 and 140, 11. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument
then the common difference of this A.P. is  1+ z 
θ , then arg   equals
4. A pack contains n cards numbered from 1 to n. Two  1+ z 
π
consecutive numbered cards are removed from the pack a. −θ b. −θ
and the sum of the numbers on the remaining cards is 2
1224. If the smaller of the numbers on the removed cards c. θ d. π − θ
is k, then k − 20 = _____
 5 a −b 
5. Consider a triangle ABC and let a, b and c denote the 12. If A =   and A adj A = A A , then 5a + b is equal
T

3 2
lengths of the sides opposite to vertices A, B and C
to:
respectively. Suppose a = 6, b = 10 and the area of the
a. –1 b. 5
triangle is 15 3. If ∠ACB is obtuse and if r denotes the c. 4 d. 13
radius of the in circle of the triangle, then r 2 is equal to
13. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the
6. Let m and n be two positive integers greater than 1. If
middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the new numbers are
 e cos(α ) − e 
n
e m
lim   = −   then the value of is in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is :
a →0  
 α
m
 2 n
a. 2+ 3 b. 3 + 2
7. Let S be the focus of the parabola y2 = 8x and let PQ be
c. 2 − 3 d. 2 + 3
the common chord of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x –4y = 0 and
the given parabola. The area of the triangle PQS is.
14. If the number of terms in the expansion of
Q n
 2 4
1 − + 2  , x ≠ 0, is 28, then the sum of coefficients
S  x x 
P (2,0) of all the terms in this expansion, is:
a. 64 b. 2187
c. 243 d. 729

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390 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
15. Let Tn be the number of all possible triangles formed by SECTION 3 Contains 2 Match The Following Type Questions

joining vertices of a n-sides regular polygon. If You will have to match entries in Column I with the entries in
Column II.
Tn+1 − Tn = 1 then the value of n is
a. 7 b. 5 19. Match the statements given in Column I with the values
c. 10 d. 8 given in Column II.
16. A computer producing factory has only two plants T1 and Column I Column II
 ˆ
T2 . Plant T1 produces 20% and plant T2 produces 80% (A) If a = j + 3kˆ = −ˆj + 3kˆ 1. π
 6
of the total computers produced. 7% of computers and c = 2 3kˆ form a
produced in the factory turn out to be defective. It is triangle, then the internal
known that P(computer turns out to be defective given angle of the triangle
that it is produced in plant T1 ) = 10 P (computer turns out  
between a and b is
to be defective given that it is produced in Plant T2 ), b
2π
∫ (f (x) − 3x)dx = a − b2 ,
2
where P(E) denotes the probability of an event E. A (B) If 2.
a
3
computer produced in the factory is randomly selected and
it does not turn out to be defective. Then the probability π 
then the value of f   is
that it is produced in plant T2 is 6

36 47 π2 π
a. b. (C) The value of 3.
73 79 ln 3 3
5/6
78 75
c.
93
d.
83 ∫ sec(π x) dx is
7/6

17. A bird is sitting on the top of a vertical pole 20 m high and (D) The maximum value 4. π
is elevation from a point O on the ground is 45° . It flies  1 
Arg   for
off horizontally straight away from the point O. After one 1− z 
second, the elevation of the bird from O is reduced to
| z |= 1, z ≠ 1 f is given by
30°. Then the speed (in m/s) of the bird is:
π
a. 40( 2 − 1) 5.
2
b. 40( 3 − 2)
20. Consider the lines given by L1 : x + 3 y − 5 = 0,
c. 20 2
L2 : 3 x − ky − 1 = 0, L3 : 5 x + 2 y − 12 = 0 Match the
d. 20( 3 − 1) Statements /Expressions in Column I with the Statements/
Expressions in Column II
18. Let f ( x) be differentiable on the interval (0, ∞) such that
Column I Column II
t 2 f ( x) − x 2 f (t ) (A) L1 , L2 , L3 are 1. k = −9
f (1) = 1, and lim = 1 for each x > 0.
t →x t−x concurrent, if
Then f ( x) is
(B) One of L1 , L2 , L3 is 6
2
2. k=−
1 2x parallel to at least of 5
a. +
3x 3 the other two, if
1 4x2 (C) L1 , L2 , L3 form a 5
b. − + 3. k =
3x 3 6
triangle, if
1 2
c. − + (D) L1 , L2 , L3 do not form 4. k =5
x x2
1 a triangle, if
d.
x

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Mock Test-3 391
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-II

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions. 8. If the normals of the parabola y 2 = 4 x drawn at the end
The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to points of its latus rectum are tangents to the circle
9 (both inclusive).
( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = r 2 , then the value of r 2 is
1. For a point P in the plane, let d1 ( P ) and d 2 ( P) be the
distances of the point P from the lines x − y = 0 and SECTION 2 Contains 8 Multiple Choice Questions
With one or more than one correct option
x+ y =0 respectively. The area of the region R
1
consisting of all points P lying in the first quadrant of the
9. Let p = lim (1 + tan 2 x ) 2 x then log p is equal to:
x→0+
plane and satisfying 2 ≤ d1 ( P ) + d 2 ( P) ≤ 4, is _______
1 1
a. 2 b. 1 c. d.
2. The slope of the tangent to the curve 2 4
( y − x5 )2 = x(1 + x2 )2 at the point (1, 3) is 10. Let f ( x) be a non-constant twice differentiable function

3. Let (x, y, z) be points with integer coordinates satisfying defined on (−∞, ∞) such that f ( x) = f (1 − x) and
the system of homogeneous equations: 3x − y − z = 0 , 1
f ′   = 0. Then
−3 x + z = 0 −3x + 2 y + z = 0. 4
Then the number of such points for which a. f ′′( x) vanishes at least twice on [0, 1]
x + y + z ≤ 100 is
2 2 2
1
b. f ′   = 0
2
 −1  sin θ   π π 1/ 2
4. Let f (θ ) = sin  tan    , where − < θ < .  1
  cos 2θ  4 4 c. ∫
−1/ 2
f  x +  sin x dx = 0
 2
d 1/ 2 1
Then the value of (f (θ )) is f ( t ) esin π t dt =
d(tan θ ) d. ∫
0
∫
1/ 2
f (1 − 1)esin π t dt

5. Two parallel chords of a circle of radius 2 are at a distance

π /2
3 + 1 apart. If the chords subtend at the centre, angles of ∫ (2 cos ec x)
17
11. The following integral dx is equal to
π /4
π 2π
and , where k > 0, then the value of [k] is [Note: [k] log(1+ 2 )
k k
denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k].
a. ∫
0
2(eu + e − u )16 du

log(1+ 2 )
b
6. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that
a
is an integer. b. ∫
0
(eu + e −u )17 du

If a, b, c are in geometric progression and the arithmetic log(1+ 2 )

a 2 + a − 14
c. ∫ (eu − e −u )17 du
mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is 0
a +1 log(1+ 2 )

7. Let ω = eiπ / 3 , and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex d. ∫

0
2(eu − e −u )16 du
numbers such that
a+b+c = x x2 − 1
12. ∫x 3
2 x4 − 2x2 + 1
dx is equal to
a + bω + cω 2 = y
2x4 − 2x2 + 1 2 x4 − 2 x2 + 1
a + bω 2 + cω = z. a. +c b. +c
x2 x3
| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2
Then the value of is 2 x4 − 2 x2 + 1 2 x4 − 2 x2 + 1
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 c. +c d. +c
x 2 x2

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392 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
13. If y ( x) satisfies the differential equation SECTION 3 Contains 2 Paragraph Type Questions
y '− y tan x = 2 x sec x and y(0) = 0, then. Each paragraph describes an experiment, a situation or a problem.
Two multiple choice questions will be asked based on this paragraph.
π  π
2
a. y   = One or more than one option can be correct.
4 8 2
π  π Tangents are drawn from the point P(3, 4) to the ellipse
2
b. y '   =
 4  18 x2 y 2
+ = 1 touching the ellipse at points A and B.
π  π
2 9 4
c. y   =
3 9
17. The coordinates of A and B are
 π  4π 2π
2
d. y '   = + a. (3, 0) and (0, 2)
3 3 3 3
 8 2 161   9 8
b.  − ,  and  − , 
 5 15   5 5
14. Given an isosceles triangle, whose one angle is 120° and
radius of its incircle = 3. Then the area of the triangle in  8 2 161 
c.  − ,  and (0, 2)
sq. units is  5 15 
a. 7 + 12 3  9 8
d. (3, 0) and  − , 
 5 5
b. 12 − 7 3
18. The equation of the locus of the point whose distances
c. 12 + 7 3
from the point P and the line AB are equal, is
d. 4π a. 9 x 2 + y 2 − 6 xy –54 x –62 y + 241 = 0
b. x 2 + 9 y 2 + 6 xy –54 x + 62 y – 241 = 0
15. The circle passing through the point (–1, 0) and touching
c. 9 x 2 + 9 y 2 –6 xy –54 x –62 y – 241 = 0
the y-axis at (0, 2) also passes through the point
d. x 2 + y 2 – 2 xy + 27 x + 31 y –120 = 0
 3 
a.  − , 0 
 2  Paragraph for Question No. 19 to 20
 5  Let S = S1 ∩ S 2 ∩ S3 , where S1 = { z ∈ C :| z | < 4},
b.  − , 2 
 2   
 z − 1 + 3i 
 3 5 S2 =  z ∈ C : Im   > 0
c.  − ,    1 − 3i  
 2 2
and S3 = { z ∈ C : Re Z > 0}.
d. (–4, 0)
19. Area of S =
16 The normal at a point P on the ellipse x 2 + 4y 2 = 16 meets 10π 20π
a. b.
3 3
the x-axis at Q. If M is the mid-point of the line segment
PQ, then the locus of M intersects the latus rectums of the 16π 32π
c. d.
given ellipse at the points 3 3

 3 5 2 20. min |1 − 3i − z |=
a.  ± , ±  z∈S
 2 7
 2− 3
a.
 3 5 19  2
b.  ± ,± 
 2 4 
 2+ 3
b.
 1 2
c.  ±2 3, ± 
 7 3− 3
c.
 4 3 2
d.  ±2 3, ± 
 7  3+ 3
 d.
2
@iitjeehelps
Mock Test-3 393
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS 2 6 12 20
7. (d) Let S = + + + + … and let
JEE-Main 1! 2! 3! 4!
S1 = 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + … + Tn
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
b c d a a b d a b b S1 = 2 + 6 + 12 + …Tn −1 + Tn
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
0 = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … upto n terms − Tn
b a c a d c d c b c
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Tn = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + .......upto n terms
a c a a b a c a a d
n
⇒ Tn = [2 × 2 + (n − 1) 2] = n(2 + n − 1) = n(n + 1)
2
 −1 g ( x) < 0
 ∴ nth term of given series
1. (b) f ( g ( x)) = 0 g ( x) = 0
1 n(n + 1) n(n + 1) 1 2
 g ( x) > 0 Tn = or Tn = or Tn = +
n! n(n − 1)! (n − 2)! (n − 1)!
Since g ( x) ≥ 1 > 0
∞ ∞
1 1
Hence g ( g ( x)) = 1 Now, sum = ∑ + 2∑ = e + 2e = 3e.
n =1 ( n − 2)! n =1 ( n − 1)!

2. (c) x = 6 + x , x > 0 ⇒ x 2 = 6 + x, x > 0 8. (a) Words starting from A are 5 ! = 120

⇒ 2
x − x − 6 = 0, x > 0 Words starting from I are 5 ! = 120
⇒ x = 3, x > 0. Words starting from KA are 4 ! = 24
−1
Words starting from KI are 4 ! = 24
3. (d) z + z = 1 ⇒ z 2 − z + 1 = 0 Words starting from KN are 4 ! = 24
z = −ω or −ω
2
⇒ Words starting from KRA are 3 ! = 6
For z = − ω , z100 + z −100 = (−ω )100 + (−ω ) −100 Words starting from KRIA are 2 ! = 2
1 Words starting from KRIN are 2 ! = 2
=ω+ = ω + ω 2 = −1 Words starting from KRISA are 1 ! = 1
ω
Words starting from KRISNA are 1 ! = 1
For z = −ω 2 , z100 + z −100 = (−ω 2 )100 + (−ω 2 ) −100
Hence rank of the word KRISNA is 324.
1 1
= ω 200 + = ω2 + = ω2 + ω 9. (b) The number of ways of placing 3 black balls without
ω 200 ω2 10
any restriction is C3 . Since, we have total 10 places of
= −1.
4. (a) Let The matrix of cofactors of the elements of A viz. putting 10 balls in a row. Now the number of ways in
−( −4)   2 4  which no two black balls put together is equal to the
 c11 c12   2
c = = number of ways of choosing 3 places marked '− ' out of
 21 c22   −( −3) 2   3 2 
eight places.
∴ adjA = transpose of the matrix of cofactors of elements
−W − W − W − W − W − W − W −
2 3 This can be done in 8 C3 ways.
of A =  
4 2 8
C3 8× 7 × 6 7
∴ A(adj A) =| A | I . ∴ Required probability = = =
10
C3 10 × 9 × 8 15
9 1
5. (a) Series is a G.P. with a = 0.9 = and r = = 0.1 1 − cos α 1 + cos α 1 − cos α + 1 + cos α
10 10 10. (b) + =
1 + cos α 1 − cos α 1 − cos 2 α
 1 
 1 − r100  9  1 − 10100  1 2 2  3π 
∴ S100 = a =   = 1 − 100 . = = ,  since π < α < .
 1 − r  10  1 − 1  10 ± sin α − sin α  2 
 10 
11. (b) ∵ Expression cos −1 (cos θ + i sin θ )
6. (b) L.H.S. = a[C0 − C1 + C2 − C3 + ...( −1) .Cn ] n

π
+[C1 − 2C2 + 3C3 − .... + ( −1) n −1 n.Cn ] = a.0 + 0 = 0 = sin −1 sin θ − i log( sin θ + 1 + sin θ ), where θ =
6

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394 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
 3 i 1 π  b a 2 − b 2 cos θ + 0 − ab  −b a 2 − b 2 cos θ − ab 
∴ Real part of cos −1  +  = sin −1

= . 19. (b)   
 2 2 2 4  b 2 cos 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ  b 2 cos 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ 
  
12. (a) 64 cot θ = d −[b 2 ( a 2 − b 2 ) cos 2 θ − a 2b 2 ]
=
Also (100 − 64) tan θ = d or (64)(36) = d , 2
(b 2 cos 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ )
∴ d = 8 × 6 = 48 m. b 2 [a 2 − a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ ]
=
b 2 cos 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ
13. (c) f (0+) = f (0−) = 2 and f (0) = 2
b 2 [a 2 sin 2 θ + b 2 cos2 θ ]
Hence f ( x) is continuous at x = 0. = = b2
b 2 cos 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ
14. (a) x y = e x− y
⇒ y log x = x − y 20. (c)
O
x
⇒ y=
1 + log x 45°
A C B
dy
⇒ = log x(1 + log x) −2 = log x[log ex ]−2 . AB = 2
dx
Let AB be the chord of length 2 , O be centre of the circle
15. (d) Let x + y = 20 ⇒ y = 20 − x
and let OC be the perpendicular from O on AB. Then
and x 3 . y 2 = z ⇒ z = x 3 . y 2
2 1
AC = BC = =
z = x 3 (20 − x) 2 2 2
⇒ z = 400 x 3 + x5 − 40 x 4 1
In ∆ OBC , OB = BC cosec 45° = . 2 =1
dz 2
= 1200 x 2 + 5 x 4 − 160 x 3
dx ∴ Area of the circle = π (OB ) 2 = π
dz
Now = 0, then x = 12, 20 y
dx
21. (a) Tangent as
d 2z  d 2z  A
Now = 2400 x + 16 x 3
− 480 x 2
;  2 = −ive focal chord
dx 2  dx  x =12
2
P θ C(6,0)
x'
θ x
Hence x = 12 is the point of maxima (4,0)
2
∴ x = 12, y = 8. B

1
16. (c) ∫ x
tan 4 x .sec2 x dx y'
Here, the focal chord of y 2 = 16 x is tangent to circle
2
sec x
Put tan x = t ⇒ dx = dt , ( x − 6) 2 + y 2 = 2.
2 x
then it reduces to ⇒ focus of parabola as (a,0) ie, (4,0)
2 2 Now, tangents are drawn from (4,0) to ( x − 6) 2 + y 2 = 2.
2 ∫ t 4 dt = (tan x )5 + c = tan 5 x + c.
5 5 Since, PA is tangent to circle.
2 AC BC 2
17. (d) Required area = ∫
0
[2 x − (2 x − x 2 )] dx ∴ tan θ = slope of tangent =
2AP
=
= 1, or
BP
= −1
2
 2x x3  4 8 1 3 4 ∴ Slope of focal chord as tangent to circle = ±1.
= − x2 +  = −4+ − = − .
 log 2 3 0 log 2 3 log 2 log 2 3           
22. (c) a ⋅ b = a ⋅ c ⇒ a ⋅ b − a ⋅ c = 0 ⇒ a ⋅ (b − c ) = 0
dy        
18. (c) Given equation = e x (sin x + cos x ) ⇒ Either b − c = 0 or a = 0 ⇒ b = c or a ⊥ (b − c ).
dx
⇒ dy = e x (sin x + cos x) dx 23. (a) Given lines are,
x−5 y−7 z+2
On integrating, we get y = e x sin x + c. = = = r1 , (say)
3 −1 1

@iitjeehelps
Mock Test-3 395
x+3 y−3 z −6 Let AE is a vertical lamp-post. Given, AE = 12m
and = = = r2 , (say)
−36 2 4 AE
tan 45° =
∴ x = 3r1 + 5 = −36r2 − 3 , AC
y = −r1 + 7 = 3 + 2r2 and z = r1 − 2 = 4r2 + 6 AC = AE = 12m
m
AE
5
On solving, we get x = 21, y = , z =
10 tan 60° =
3 3 AB
Trick: Check through options. AE
AB = =4 3
3
24. (a) ~ ( p ∧ q) ≡ ~ p ∨ ~ q .
BC = AC 2 − AB 2 = 144 − 48 = 96 = 4 6
25. (b) From the given identity
Area = = AB × BC = 4 3 × 4 6 = 48 2 sq
sq.cm.
. cm.
b( x + 1) 2 + c ( x + 1) + d − (bx 2 + cx + d ) = 8 x + 3
y
⇒ 2bx + b + c = 8 x + 3 29. (a)
⇒ b = 4, c = −1 B y= x
2 pq
26. (a) As given H = x−3
p+q y=
2
x' x
H H 2q 2p 2( p + q ) O A(3,0) (9,0)
∴ + = + = =2.
p q p+q p+q p+q y'

27. (c) Plan: A square matrix M is invertible if f det(M) or To find the area between the curves, y = x , 2 y + 3 = x
| M |≠ 0. and x-axis in the Ist quadrant (we can plot the above
a b condition as);
Let, M =  
b c  Area of shaded portion OABO
9 9
 a  b  9  x −39  x3 / 2  1  x 2 
(a) Given that   =   ⇒ a = b = c = α (let) =∫ x dx − ∫   dx =   −  − 3x 
b   c 
0 3
 2   3 / 2 0 2  2 3
α α  2  1  81  9 
⇒ M =  ⇒ | M |= 0 =  ⋅ 27  −  − 27  −  − 9  
α α   3  2  2   2 
⇒ M is non-invertible. 1
= 18 − (18) = 9 sq unit
(b) Given that [b c] = [a b] 2
⇒ a = b = c = α (let) 30. (d) The equation of tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is xx1 − 2 yy1 = 4,
Again | M |= 0 which is same as 2 x + 6 y = 2
⇒ M is non-invertible. x1 2y 4
∴ =− 1 =
 a 0 2 6 2
(c) As given M =   ⇒ | M |= ac ≠ 0
0 c  ⇒ x1 = 4 and y1 = − 6
( ∵ a and c are non-zero)
⇒ M is invertible. JEE Advance Paper-I
a b
(s) M =   ⇒ | M |= ac − b 2 ≠ 0 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
b c  5 9 9 5 3 2 4 5 a d
∵ ac is not equal to square of an integer.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
∴ M is invertible.
c b d d b c d a c a
D C
28. (a)  5
E 450 1. (5) | 2z − 6 + 5i |= 2 z −  3 − 
 2
 5  5
600
≥ 2 3 −  3 − i  (corresponding Pt A) = 2   = 5
B  2  2
A

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396 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

a b c 7. (4) Solving y 2 = 8x and x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y = 0

2. (9) Let M = d e f  Simultaneously, we get (2, 4) and (0, 0)
g h i  Focus is (2, 0)
1
0   −1 ∴ Are = × 2 × 4 = 4sq. units.
M 1  =  2  ⇒ b = −1, e = 2, h = 3
2
8. (5) Number of red lines = n C2 − n
0   3 
Number of blue lines = n
1 1 n
C2 − n = n
M  −1 =  1  ⇒ a = 0, d = 3, g = 2
Hence,

 0   −1 ⇒
n
C2 = 2n

1  0  n(n − 1)
= 2n
M 1 =  1  ⇒ g + h + i = 12 ⇒ i = 7 2
1 12  ⇒ n −1 = 4
⇒ n = 5.
∴ Sum of diagonal elements = 9.
9. (a) Set A has 4 elements
3. (9) Let seventh term be ‘a’ and common difference be‘d’
Set B has 2 elements
S7 6 ∴ Number of elements in set ( A × B) = 4 × 2 = 8
Given =
S11 11
∴ Total number of subsets of ( A × B) = 28 = 256
⇒ a = 15d
Hence, 130 < 15 d < 140 ⇒ d = 9 Number of subsets having 0 elements = 8C0 = 1
4. (5) Clearly, 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n − 2 ≤ 1224 ≤ 3 + 4 + … n Number of subsets having 1 element each = 8C1 = 8
(n − 2) (n − 1) (n − 2) ∴ Number of subsets having 2 elements each
⇒ ≤ 1224 ≤ (3 + n)
2 2 8! 8× 7
= 8C2 = = = 28
⇒ n 2 − 3n − 2446 ≤ 0 and n 2 + n − 2454 ≥ 0 2!6! 2
⇒ 49 < n < 51 Number of subsets having at least 3 elements
⇒ n = 50 = 256 − 1 − 8 − 28 = 256 − 37 = 219
n(n + 1) 10. (d) f ( x) = 2 x3 + 3x + k
∴ − (2k + 1) = 1224
2 f ′( x) = 6 x 2 + 3
⇒ k = 25 ⇒ k − 20 = 5
1
1 ⇒ f ′( x) = 0 ⇒ x 2 = −
5. (3) ∆ = ab sin C 2
2 Not possible. As condition for two distinct real root is
2∆ 2 ×15 3 3 f (α ) f ( β ) = 0
⇒ sin C = = = ⇒ C = 120°
ab 6 ×10 2 (where are α , β roots of f ′( x) = 0)
⇒ c= a 2 + b 2 − 2 ab cos C 11. (c) Let z = ω
= 6 + 10 − 2 × 6 × 10 × cos120 ° = 14
2 2
1+ z 1+ ω −ω 2
Now = = =ω
∆ 225 × 3 1+ z 1+ ω2 −ω
r= ⇒ r = = 3.
2
∴
s  10 + 14 
6 + 1+ z
  ∴ arg = arg ω = θ (put z = cosθ + i sin θ )
 2  1+ z
12. (b) | A | I = AAT
( )
cos α n
e −e e
6. (2) lim =− 1 0  5a −b   5a 3 
α →0 αm 2 ⇒ (10a + 3b)  =  
 0 1   3 2   −b 2 

lim
(
e e (cos(α )
n
−1)
) (cos α n
− 1)
α 2n = −
e ⇒ 25a 2 + b2 = 10a + 3b & 15a − 2b = 0 & 10a + 3b = 13
α →0
( cos(α n
)
) −1 α α m 2n
2
3.15a
⇒ 10a + = 13 ⇒ 65a = 2 ×13
if and only if 2n − m = 0 2
@iitjeehelps
Mock Test-3 397
2 ⇒ OB − OA = 20( 3 − 1)
⇒ a= ⇒ 5a = 2
5 Hence distance covered in one second by the bird is
⇒ 2a = 6 ⇒ b = 3 AB = 20( 3 − 1)
∴ 5a + b = 5
Thus speed of bird
13. (d) Let the numbers be a, ar, ar2 is G.P. = 20( 3 –1)
− 1) m/s
/
2 a + ar 2
Given a, 2ar, ar are in A.P. the 2 ar = ( a ≠ 0)
2 t 2 f ( x) − x 2 f (t )
18. (a) lim =1
which gives r = 2 + 3, as the G.P. is an increasing G.P. t →x t−x
⇒ x 2 f ′( x ) − 2 x f ( x ) + 1 = 0
14. (d) Theoretically the number of terms are 2N + 1 (i.e. odd)
But As the number of terms being odd hence considering ⇒ f ( x ) = cx 2 + 1
that number clubbing of terms is done hence the solutions 3x
follows: Also f (1) = 1
n+2
Number of terms = C2 = 28
⇒ c=2
∴ n=6 3
Sum of coefficient = 3n = 36 = 729 2 2 1
Hence f ( x ) = x + .
3 3x
Put x = 1
 
n +1 19. (A) a − b = 1 + 3 = 2
15. (b) C3 − C3 = 10
n


| a |= b, | b |= 2
⇒ On solving n = 5
2 1
16. (c) Let x = P (computer turns out to be defective given cos θ = =
2× 2 2
that it is produced in plate T2 ),
π 2π 2π
7 1 4 θ= , but its as its opposite to side of maximum
⇒ = (10 x) + x 3 3 3
100 5 5
length.
⇒ 7 = 200 x + 80 x b

∫ (f (x) − 3x) dx = a − b2
2
7 (B)
⇒ x= a
280
−a 2 + b 2
b
3 2
P (produced in T2 / not defective)
∫ f (x)dx = 2
(b − a 2 ) + a 2 − b 2 =
2
P( A ∩ B) a
= ⇒ f (x) = x.
P(B)

π 2  ln (sec π x + tan π x) 7 / 6 
5/ 6
4 4  273 
(C)  
5(1 − x) 5  280  ln 3  π 
⇒ =  
1 4 1  280 − 70  4  273 
(1 − 10 x) + (1 − x) +
5 5 5  280  5  280  π  5π 5π 7π 7π 
=  ln sec + tan − ln sec + tan  = π.
ln 3  6 6 6 6 
4 × 273 2 × 273 546 78
⇒ = = =
210 + 4 × 273 105 + 2 × 273 651 93 1 1
(D) Let u = ⇒ z = 1−
17. (d) Q P
1− z u
1
| z |= 1 ⇒ 1 − =1
2
⇒ | u − 1|=| u |
B A O ∴ locus of u is perpendicular bisector of line segment
Here, AP = QB = 20m joining 0 and 1
∠POA = 45°, ∠QOB = 30° π
⇒ maximum arg u approaches but will not attain.
⇒ OA = 20; OB = 20 3 2

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398 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
20. x + 3 y − 5 = 0 and 5 x + 2 y − 12 = 0 intersect at (2, 1)  −1 sin θ 
4. (1) f (θ ) = sin  tan 
Hence 6 − k − 1 = 0 k = 5  2cos θ 
1 3  
for L1 , L2 to be parallel = ⇒ k = −9 sin θ
3 −k = sin  sin −1 
 sin θ + cos 2θ
2

3 −k −6
for L2 , L3 to be parallel = ⇒k= . sin θ sin θ sin θ
5 2 5 = = = = tan θ
−6 sin θ + (cos θ − sin θ )
2 2 2 | cos θ | cos θ
for k ≠ 5, − 9, they will form triangle
5 d d(tan θ )
−6 ⇒ f (θ ) = =1
for k = 5, k = −9, they will not form triangle d(tan θ ) d(tan θ )
5
π π
5 (2) 2cos + 2cos = 3 +1
JEE Advance Paper-II 2k k
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. π π 3 +1
⇒ cos + cos =
6 8 7 1 5 4 3 2 3 All 2k k 2
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. π θ 3 +1
a d a,d c d a d a b c
Let = 0, cos θ + cos =
k 2 2
1. (6) θ θ 3 +1
y=x ⇒ 2 cos 2 − 1 + cos =
2 2 2
θ 3 +3
P(α , β ) ⇒ cos = t ⇒ 2t 2 + t − =0
2 2
x= 2 x=2 2 −1 ± 1 + 4(3 + 3) −1 ± (2 3 + 1) −2 − 2 3 3
⇒ t= = = ,
2 ≤ d1 ( p ) + d 2 ( p ) ≤ 4 4 4 4 2
For P (α , β ), α > β θ 3
∵ t ∈ [ −1,1],cos =
2 2
⇒ 2 2 ≤ 2α ≤ 4 2
θ π
2 ≤α ≤ 2 2 ⇒ = ⇒ k = 3.
2 6
⇒ Area of region = ((2 2) − ( 2) ) 2 2

b c
= 8 − 2 = 6 sq.. units 6. (4) = = (integer) b 2 = ac
a b
 dy  b2 a +b+c
2. (8) 2( y − x 5 )  − 5 x 4  ⇒ c= ⇒ =b+2
 dx  a 3
= 1(1 + x 2 )2 + ( x)(2(1 + x 2 )(2 x)) a + b + c = 3b + 6
Now put x = 1, y = 3 ⇒ a − 2b + c = 6
dy b2
and = m. 2(3 − 1)( m − 5) = 1(4) + (1)(4)(2) a − 2b + =6
dx a
12 2b b 2 6
⇒ m−5 = ⇒ 1− + =
4 a a2 a
dy 2
⇒ m = 5+3 = 8 ⇒ = m = 8. b  6
dx  − 1 = a = 6 only
 a  a
3. (7) 3x − y − z = 0 −3 x + z = 0 7. (3) The expression may not attain integral value for all a, b, c
⇒ y = 0 and z = 3 x If we consider a = b = c, then x = 3a
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = x 2 + z 2 = x 2 + 9 x 2 = 10 x 2 ≤ 100 y = a(1 + ω + ω 2 ) = a(1 + i 3)
⇒ x2 ≤ 10 ⇒ x = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3 z = a(1 + ω 2 + ω ) = a(1 + i 3)
There are such seven points. ∴ | x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 = 9 | a |2 +4 | a |2 +4 | a |2 = 17 | a |2

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Mock Test-3 399
8. (2) Equation of normals are x + y = 3 and x − y = 3. (e − e )
u −u
⇒ − ∫ (eu + e − u )17 du
⇒ Distance from (3, −2) on both normals is ‘r’ 2cosec x cot x
ln(1+ 2 )
| 3−2−3|
0

⇒
2
=r = −2 ∫ (eu + e − u )16 du = ∫ 2(eu + e − u )16 du
ln(1+ 2 ) 0

⇒ r = 2.
2
 1 1 
 3 − 5  dx
12. (d) ∫ 
1 x x 
9 (3) P = lim+ (1 + tan 2 x − 1) 2x
then log p =
x →∞ 2 1
2− 2 + 4
(1+ tan 2 x −1 )
1
lim
(tan x )2 1 x x
lim 2x
x →0+ 2( x ) 2
P=e x→0+
=e = e2 2 1
Let 2 − + =z
1
1 x2 x4
⇒ log P = log e = 2
2 1 dz
4∫ z
⇒

10. (a,b,c,d) 1
⇒ × z +c
2
1/4 3/4
1 2 1
1/2 ⇒ 2− 2 + 4 +c
2 x x
13. (a,d) y '− y tan x = 2 x sec x
f ( x) = f (1 − x)
I.F. = e∫
tan x dx
= elog cos x = cos x
Put x = 1/ 2 + x
∴ y cos x = ∫ 2 x sec x.cos x dx
1  1 
⇒ f  + x = f  − x
 2   2  ⇒ y cos x = x 2 + c
Hence f ( x + 1/ 2) is an even function or f ( x + 1/ 2)sin x ⇒ y ⋅ cos x = x 2 (∵ y (0) = 0)
an odd function. ⇒ y = x 2 sec x
Also, f '( x) = − f '(1 − x) and for x = 1/ 2,
π  π  π  4π 2π
2 2

We have f '(1/ 2) = 0. ∴ y  = and y'   = +

4 8 2 3 3 3 3
1 0

Also,
1/ 2
∫ f (1 − t )esin π t dt = − ∫ f ( y)esinπ t dy
1/ 2 14. (c) ∆ =
3 2
b . . .(i)
4
(obtained by putting, 1 − t = y ). sin120° sin 30°
Also =
Since f ′(1/ 4) = 0, f ′(3/ 4) = 0. Also f ′(1/ 2) = 0 a b
⇒ f ′( x) = 0 atleast twice in [0, 1] (Rolle’s Theorem) ⇒ a = 3b and ∆ = 3s and s =
1
(a + 2b)
2
π
2 3
⇒ ∆= (a + 2b)
∫ (2cosec x) dx . . .(ii)
17
11. (a)
π
2
4
From equation (i) and (ii), we get ∆ = (12 + 7 3)
π
Let eu + e− u = 2cosec x, x = 15. (d) Circle touching y-axis at (0, 2) is
4
π (x − 0) 2 + (y − 2) 2 + λ x = 0
⇒ u = ln(1 + 2), x =
2 passes through (–1, 0)
⇒ u=0 ∴ 1+ 4 − λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 5
⇒ cosec x + cot x = eu and cosec x − cot x = e − u ∴ x 2 + y 2 + 5x − 4y + 4 = 0
eu − e −u Put y = 0 ⇒ x = −1, − 4
⇒ cot x (eu − e − u ) dx = −2cosec x cot xdx
2 ∴ Circle passes through (–4, 0)

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400 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
16. (a) Any point on the line can be taken as 18. (a) Locus is parabola
Q ≡ {(1 − 3µ ), ( µ − 1), (5µ + 2)} 3x 4 y
Equation of AB Is + =1
9 4
PQ = {−3µ − 2, µ − 3, 5 µ − 4}
x
Now 1(−3µ − 2) − 4( µ − 3) + 3(5µ − 4) = 0 ⇒ + y = 1 ⇒ x + 3y − 3 = 0
3
⇒ − 3 µ − 2 − 4 µ + 12 + 15 µ − 12 = 0
( x + 3 y − 3) 2
( x − 3)2 + ( y − 4) 2 =
8 µ = 2 ⇒ µ = 1/ 4 10
10 x + 90 – 60 x + 10 y + 160 – 80 y = x 2 + 9 y 2 + 9 + 6 xy – 6 x – 18
2 2
17. (d) y = mx + 9 m 2 + 4
10 x 2 + 90 – 60 x + 10 y 2 + 160 – 80 y = x 2 + 9 y 2 + 9 + 6 xy – 6 x – 18 y
4 − 3m = 9m 2 + 4
⇒ 9 x 2 + y 2 – 6 xy – 54 x – 62 y + 241 = 0.
12 1
16 + 9m − 24m = 9m + 4 ⇒ m =
2 2
=
24 2 19. (b) y + 3x = 0

1
Equation is y − 4 = ( x − 3)
2 60°
2y − 8 = x − 3 60°
x 2 + y 2 < 16
⇒ x − 2y + 5 = 0
Let B = (α , β )
Area of region S1 ∩ S 2 ∩ S3 = shaded area
xα y β
⇒ + −1 = 0
9 4 π × 42 42 × π
= +
α / 9 β / 4 −1 4 6
⇒ = = ⇒
1 −2 5  1 1  20π
= 42 π  +  =
⇒
9
α =− , β =
8 4 6 3
5 5 20. (c) Distance of (1, –3) from y + 3 x = 0
 9 8
⇒ B ≡  − , . −3 + 3 × 1 3 − 3
 5 5 > >
2 2

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Mock Test-4 401
JEE-MAIN: MATHEMATICS MOCK TEST-4
1. The number of solutions of log 4( x − 1) = log 2( x − 3) is: a. occurrence of E ⇒ occurrence of F
a. 3 b. 1 c. 2 d. 0 b. occurrence of F ⇒ occurrence of E
c. non-occurrence of E ⇒ non-occurrence of F
2. The real roots of the equation x 2 + 5 | x | + 4 = 0 are
d. None of the above implication holds
a. – 1, 4 b. 1, 4
π  π 
c. – 4, 4 d. None of these 10. tan  + θ  − tan  − θ  =
4  4 
1+ 3 i a. 2 tan 2θ b. 2 cot 2θ c. tan 2θ d. cot 2θ
3. If is a root of equation x 4 − x 3 + x − 1 = 0 then
2
11. tanh( x + y ) equals
its real roots are
a. 1, 1 b. – 1, – 1 c. 1, – 1 d. 1, 2 tanh x + tanh y tanh x + tanh y
a. b.
1 − tanh x tanh y 1 + tanh x tanh y
 1 0 0
tanh x − tanh y tanh x − tanh y
4. Let A =  5 2 0  , then the adjoint of A is c. d.
1 − tanh x tanh y 1 + tanh x tanh y
 −1 6 1 
12. The length of the shadow of a pole inclined at 10° to the
 2 −5 32   −1 0 0 
a.  0 1 −6  b.  −5 −2 0 
vertical towards the sun is 2.05 metres, when the elevation
of the sun is 38°. The length of the pole is
 0 0 2   1 −6 1 
2.05 sin 38° 2.05 sin 42°
a. b.
 −1 0 0  sin 42 ° sin 38°
c.  −5 −2 0  d. None of these 2.05 cos 38°
c. d. None of these
 1 −6 −1 cos 42°

 2 1
x≠0
i i
5. The value of 0.234 is  x sin , when
13. If f ( x) =  x , then
232 232  0, when x=0
a. b.
990 9990 a. f (0 + 0) = 1 b. f (0 − 0) = 1
232 232 c. f is continuous at x = 0 d. None of these
c. d.
990 9909
( x − a)( x − b) dy
6. The sum of the coefficients of even power of x in the 14. If y = , then =
( x − c)( x − d ) dx
expansion of (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 )5 is
y 1 1 1 1 
a. 256 b. 128 c. 512 d. 64 a. + − −
2  x − a x − b x − c x − d 
1 − 2 x + 3x 2
7. In the expansion of , the coefficient of x5  1 1 1 1 
ex b. y  + − −
 x − a x − b x − c x − d 
will be
1 1 1 1 1 
71 71 c. + − −
a. b. − 2  x − a x − b x − c x − d 
120 120
d. None of these
31 31
c. d. −
40 40 x2 − 1
15. If f ( x) = , for every real number x, then the
8. The total number of seven digit numbers the sum of x2 + 1
whose digits is even is minimum value of f
a. 9000000 b. 4500000 a. Does not exist because f is unbounded
c. 8100000 d. None of these b. Is not attained even though f is bounded
9. If E and F are events with P ( E ) ≤ P ( F ) and P ( E ∩ F ) > 0, c. Is equal to 1
then d. Is equal to –1

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402 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
x
a 23. A line makes the same angle θ , with each of the x and
16. ∫ 1 − a2x
dx =
z-axis. If the angle β , which it makes with y-axis is such
1 that sin 2 β = 3sin 2 θ , then cos 2 θ equals
a. sin −1 a x + c −1
b. sin a + c x

log a
3 2
1 a. b.
c. cos −1 a x + c d. cos −1 a x + c 5 3
log a
1
c. d. None of these
17. The area bounded by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4, line x = 3 y 5
and x-axis lying in the first quadrant, is 24. (~ (~ p )) ∧ q is equal to
π π π
a. b. c. d. π a. ~ p ∧ q b. p ∧ q c. p ∧ ~ q d. ~ p ∧ ~ q
2 4 3

dy 25. If α and β are the roots of the equation

18. The general solution of x 2 = 2 is
dx x2 + 6 x + λ = 0 and 3α + 2β = −20, then λ =
2 2 3
a. y = c + b. y = c − c. y = 2 cx d. y = c − a. –8 b. –16 c. 16 d. 8
x x x2
26. If a, b, c, d are in H.P., then ab + bc + cd is equal to
19. The length of perpendicular from the point
a. 3ad b. (a + b)(c + d )
( a cos α , a sin α ) upon the straight line
c. 3ac d. None of these
y = x tan α + c, c > 0 is
a. c cosα b. c sin 2 α c. c sec 2 α d. c cos 2 α 27. If y = 3 x + 6 x 2 + 10 x 3 + ...., then the value of x in terms of
y is
20. The circle passing through point of intersection of the
a. 1 − (1 − y ) −1/ 3 b. 1 − (1 + y )1/ 3
circle S = 0 and the line P = 0 is
a. S + λ P = 0 c. 1 + (1 + y ) −1/ 3 d. 1 − (1 + y ) −1/ 3
b. S − λ P = 0 and λ S + P = 0 28. The number of arrangements of the letters of the word
c. P − λ S = 0 BANANA in which the two N’s do not appear adjacently,
d. All of these is
21. Axis of a parabola is y = x and vertex and focus are at a a. 40 b. 60
c. 80 d. 100
distance 2 and 2 2 respectively from the origin. Then
equation of the parabola is- 29. Differential coefficient of sin −1 x w.r.t cos −1 1 − x 2 is
a. ( x − y ) 2 = 8( x + y − 2) b. ( x + y ) 2 = 2 ( x + y − 2) 1
a. 1 b.
1 + x2
c. ( x − y ) 2 = 4 ( x + y − 2) d. ( x + y ) 2 = 2 ( x − y + 2)
c. 2 d. None of these
22. If a and b be unlike vectors, then a ⋅ b = 30. The interval in which the function x 2 e − x is non decreasing, is
a. | a | | b | b. − | a | | b | a. (−∞, 2] b. [0, 2]
c. 0 d. None of these c. [2, ∞) d. None of these

Space for rough work

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Mock Test-4 403
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-I

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions. SECTION 2 Contains 10 Multiple Choice Questions

The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to With one or more than one correct option
9 (both inclusive).
dy
9. If y = sec(tan −1 x), then at x = 1 is equal to
 kπ   kπ  dx
1. For any integer k, let α k = cos   + i sin  7  , where
 7    1 1
a. b. c. 1 d. 2
12 2 2
Σ | α k +1 − α k |
i = −1. The value of the expression k =1
is 1
3 10. For function f(x) = x cos , x ≥ 1,
Σ | α 4 k −1 − α 4 k − 2 | x
k =1
a. for atleast one x in interval [1, ∞),f (x + 2) − f (x) < 2
2. Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the
b. lim f '(x) = 1
x →∞
coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of
c. for all x in the interval [1, ∞),f (x + 2) − f (x) > 2
(1 + x) 2 + (1 + x)3 + ... + (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C3
d. f’ (x) is strcily decreasing in the interval [1, ∞)
for some positive integer n. Then the value of n is
x
11. Let f ( x ) = for n ≥ 2 and
3. The minimum number of times a fair coin needs to be (1 + x n )1/ n

∫x
n− 2
tossed, so that the probability of getting at least two heads g ( x) = ( f  f … f )( x). Then g ( x) dx equals
 
f occurs n times
is at least 0.96 is
1 1
1 1− 1 1−
4. For any real number x, let |x| denote the largest integer less a. (1 + nx n ) n + K b. (1 + nx n ) n + K
n(n − 1) n −1
than or equal to x. Let f be a real valued function defined 1 1
1 1+ 1 1+
 x − [ x] if [ x] is odd c. (1 + nx n ) n + K d. (1 + nx n ) n + K
on the interval [−10, 10] by f (x) =  n(n + 1) n +1
1 + [ x] − x if [ x] is even
12. Let f : [0, 2] → R be a function which is continuous on
Then the value of π
2 10

10 −∫10
f ( x)cosπ x dx is [0, 2] and is differentiable on (0, 2) with f (0) = 1. Let
x2
1
 d2  F ( x) = ∫ f ( t ) dt for x ∈ [0,2]. If F ′( x ) = f ′( x ) for all
5. The value of ∫ 4 x  2 (1 − x 2 )5  dx is ________
3
0
0  dx 
x ∈ (0, 2), then F (2) equals
6. Let f be a real-valued differentiable function on R (the set a. e2 − 1 b. e4 − 1 c. e − 1 d. e4
of all real numbers) such that f(1) = 1. If the y-intercept of
13. The function y = f ( x ) is the solution of the differential
the tangent at any point P(x, y) on the curve y = f(x) is
dy
dy xy
xy xx 4 + 2xx
equal to the cube of the abscissa of P, then the value of equation ++ 2 == in (–1,1) satisfying
dx x − 11 1 − x2
f (−3) is equal to
3
7. The line 2x + y = 1 is tangent to the hyperbola 2
f (0) = 0. Then
2 2
∫ f ( x ) dx is
3
x y
− = 1. If this line passes through the point of 2
a 2 b2
π 3 π 3 π 3 π 3
intersection of the nearest directrix and the x-axis, then the a. − b. − c. − d. −
3 2 3 4 6 4 6 2
eccentricity of the hyperbola is 14. Let O (0, 0), P (3, 4), Q (6, 0) be the vertices of the triangle
  
8. If a , b and c are unit vectors satisfying OPQ. The point R inside the triangle OPQ is such that the
 2  2  2    triangles OPR, PQR, OQR are of equal area. The
a − b + b − c + c − a = 9, then 2a + 5b + 5c is. coordinates of R are

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 404 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
4   2 19. Match the statements given in Column I with the
a.  , 3  b.  3, 
3   3 interval/union of intervals given in Column II
 4 4 2 Column I Column II
c.  3,  d.  , 
 3 3 3   2iz  1. (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞)
(A) The set Re    : z is
  1 − z 
2
x2 y 2
15. Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola − = 1, parallel
9 4 a complex number,
to the straight lien 2 x − y = 1. The points of contact of the | z |= 1, z ≠ ±1 is
tangents on the hyperbola are. (B) The domain of the 2. ( −∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
−1
function f (x) = sin
 9 1   9 1 
a.  ,  b.  − ,  x−2
2 2 2  2 2 2  8(3) 
 2( x −1) 
is
c. 3 3, −2 2 d. −3 3, 2 2 1− 3 
(C) If 3. [2, ∞)
16. If the vectors AB = 3iˆ + 4kˆ and AC = 5iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ are the
1 tan θ 1
sides of a triangles ABC , then the length of the median f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ ,
through A is −1 − tan θ 1
then the set
a. 18 b. 72
 π
c. 33 d. 45 f (θ ) : 0 ≤ θ <  is
 2
17. In R3 , consider the planes P1 : y = 0 and P2 : x + z = 1. Let (D) If f (x) = x 3 / 2 (3x − 10), 4. (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞)
P3 be a plane, different from P1 and P2 , which passes x ≥ 0, then f(x) is
through the intersection of P1 and P2 . If the distance of the increasing in

point (0, 1, 0) from P3 is 1 and the distance of a point 5. ( −∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞)

(α, β, γ) from P3 is 2, then which of the following x2 − 6 x + 5

20. Let f ( x) = Match the conditions/expressions
relations is (are) true? x2 − 5 x + 6
in Column I with statements in Column II
a. 2α + β + 2γ + 2 = 0
Column I Column II
b. 2α – β + 2γ + 4 = 0 (A) If −1 < x < 1, then 1. 0 < f ( x) < 1
c. 2α + β – 2γ – 10 = 0 f ( x) satisfies
d. 2α – β + 2γ – 8 = 0 (B) If 1 < x < 2, then 2. f ( x) < 0
18. The negation of ~ s ∨ (~ r ∧ s ) is equivalent to f ( x) satisfies
a. s ∧ ~ r b. s ∧ ( r ∧ ~ s ) (C) If 3 < x < 5, then 3. f ( x) > 0
c. s ∨ ( r ∨ ~ s ) d. s ∧ r
f ( x) satisfies
SECTION 3 Contains 2 Match The Following Type Questions (D) If x > 5, then f ( x) 4. f ( x ) < 1
You will have to match entries in Column I with the entries in satisfies
Column II.

Space for rough work

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Mock Test-4 405
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-II

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions. SECTION 2 Contains 8 Multiple Choice Questions

The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to With one or more than one correct option
9 (both inclusive).
9. Let A and B be two sets containing 2 elements and 4
1. The least period of the function elements respectively. The number of subsets of A × B
 π [ x]  πx   π [ x]  having 3 or more elements is
sin   + cos   + tan   is λ, then the value a. 256 b. 220
 12   4   3 
of 201λ must be (where [⋅] denotes the greatest integer c. 219 d. 211
function) 10. The real number k for which the equation,

 ax − b  dy 2 x + 3 x + k = 0 has two distinct real roots in [0, 1]

3

2. If y = tan −1   then the value of (2008) a. lies between 1 and 2

 bx + a  dx x =−1
b. lies between 2 and 3
must be
c. lies between –1 and 0
3. The indicated horse power I of an engines is calculated
d. does not exist
PLAN π
from the formula I= where A = d 2.
33000 4 11. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if | z |= 1.
Assuming that error of 10% may have been made in Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that
measuring P, L, N and d. If the greatest possible in I is z1 − 2 z 2
λ % then λ must be is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then
2 − z1 z 2
 2x + 2   2x + 2  the point z1 lies on a
∫ sin
−1
4. If   dx = ( x + 1) tan −1  
   3 
 (4 x + 8 x + 13) 
2
a. straight line parallel to x-axis
b. straight line parallel to y-axis
+ λ ln(4 x 2 + 8 x + 13) + c, then the value of − 4λ must be
c. circle of radius 2
5. A particle moves in a straight line with a velocity given
d. circle of radius 2
dx
by = ( x + 1) (x is the distance travelled). If the time
dt 1 4 4
taken by a particle to traverse a distance of 99 m is λ. 12. If the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix P is 2 1 7  , then the
1 1 3
then the value of 20 λ log10 e must be
6. If a triangle has its orthocenter at (1, 1) and circum possible value(s) of the determinant of P is (are)
a. –2 b. –1
3 3
centre at  ,  and if centroid and nine point centre are c. 1 d. 2
2 4
(α , β ) and (γ ,δ ) respectively, then the value of 13. If the sum of the first ten term of the series
2 2 2 2
6α + 12β + 4γ + 8δ must be  3  2  1
+  4 4  + ..., is 16 m,
1  +  2  +  3  + 4
2
then
 5  5  5  5 5
7. If the radius of a circle which passes through the point
m is equal to:
(2, 0) and whose centre is the limit of the point of
a. 102 b. 101
intersection of the lines 3 x + 5 y = 1 and
c. 100 d. 99
λ
(2 + c) x + 5c 2 y = 1 as c → 1 is , then the value of 14. Six cards and six envelopes are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
25 and cards are to be placed in envelopes so that each
λ must be envelope contains exactly one card and no card is placed
in the envelope bearing the same number and moreover
8. A, B, C, D are any four points in the space. If the card numbered 1 is always placed in envelope
     
| AB × CD + BC × AD + CA × BD | = λ (area of ∆ABC ) numbered 2. Then the number of ways it can be done is
then the value of 125λ must be a. 264 b. 265 c. 53 d. 67

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406 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
15. Let θ ,ϕ ∈ 0,2π be such that 2cos θ 1 − sin ϕ number of such n-digit
θ θ integers ending with digit 1 and c n = the number of such

= sin 2 θ  tan + cot  cos ϕ − 1 tan 2π − θ > 0 and
 2 2 n–digit integers ending with digit 0.
17. Which of the following is correct?
3
−1 < sin θ < − . Then ϕ cannot satisfy: a. a17 = a16 + a15 b. c17 ≠ c16 + c15
2
c. b17 ≠ b16 + c16 d. a17 = c17 + b16
π
a. 0 < ϕ <
2 18. The value of b6 is
π 4π a. 7 b. 8
b. < ϕ <
2 3 c. 9 d. 11
4π 3π
c. <ϕ <
3 2 Paragraph for Question No. 19 to 20
3π Box 1 contains three cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3; box 2
d. < ϕ < 2π contains five cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: and box 3
2
1/ 2 contains seven cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. A card
16. If 0 < x < 1, then 1 + x 2 {x cos(cot −1 x ) + sin(cot −1 x)}2 − 1
is drawn from each of the boxes/ Let xi be the number on the
is equal to
card drawn from the i th box, i = 1, 2, 3.
x
a. b. x
1 + x2 19. The probability that x1 + x2 , x3 is odd, is
c. x 1 + x 2 d. 1 + x2 29 53
a. b.
105 105
SECTION 3 Contains 2 Paragraph Type Questions 57 1
c. d.
Each paragraph describes an experiment, a situation or a problem. 105 2
Two multiple choice questions will be asked based on this paragraph.
20. The probability that x1 , x2 , x3 are in an arithmetic
One or more than one option can be correct.
progression, is
Paragraph for Question No. 17 to 18 9 10
a. b.
Let a n denote the number of all n-digit positive integers formed 105 105
by the digits 0, 1 or 11 7
c. d.
both such that no consecutive digits in them are 0. Let b n = the 105 105

Space for rough work

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Mock Test-4 407
ANSWER & SOLUTIONS 6. (c) (1 + x + x + x ) = (1 + x ) (1 + x )
2 3 5 5 2 5

JEE-Main = (1 + 5 x + 10 x 2 + 10 x 3 + 5 x 4 + x 5 )
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ×(1 + 5 x 2 + 10 x 4 + 10 x 6 + 5 x 8 + x10 )
b d c d a c b b d a Therefore the required sum of coefficients
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
= (1 + 10 + 5).25 = 16 × 32 = 512
b a c a d a c b a d
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Note: 2 n = 25 = Sum of all the binomial coefficients in
a b a b b a d a a b the 2nd bracket in which all the powers of x are even.

 x x2 x3 
log( x − 1) log( x − 3) 7. (b) (1 − 2 x + 3 x 2 )e − x = (1− 2x + 3x2 ) 1− + − +…
1. (b)Given =  1! 2! 3! 
2 log 2 log 2
 1 1  1
⇒ ( x − 1) = ( x − 3) 2 ∴ The coefficient of x 5 = 1 −  + (−2)   + 3  − 
 5 !   4 !  3 !
⇒ x = 2,5
1 1 1 71
But at x = 2, given log is not defined. =− − − =− .
120 12 2 120
2. (d) x 2 + 5 | x | + 4 = 0
8. (b) Suppose x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 represents a seven digit number.
⇒ | x |2 +5 | x | + 4 = 0
Then x1 takes the value 1, 2, 3, … ,9 and x2 , x3 ,… x7 all
⇒ | x | = −1, −4, which is not possible. Hence, the given
take values 0, 1, 2, 3, … , 9. If we keep x1 , x2 ,… , x6 fixed,
equation has no real root.
then the sum x1 + x2 + … + x6 is either even or odd. Since
3. (c) x − x + x − 1 = 0
4 3
x7 takes 10 values 0, 1, 2, … ,9, five of the numbers so
⇒ x ( x − 1) + 1( x − 1) = 0
3
formed will be even and 5 odd.
Hence the required number of numbers
x − 1 = 0 or x 3 + 1 = 0
= 9 .10 .10.10 .10.10 . 5 = 4500000.
1 + 3i 1 − 3i
⇒ x = 1, − 1, , 9. (d) It is given that P( E ) ≤ P( F ) ⇒ E ⊆ F
2 2
So its real roots are 1 and −1. and P( E ∩ F ) > 0 ⇒ E ⊂ F . . .(ii)
(a) Occurrence of E ⇒ occurrence of F [from Eq.(i)]
 1 0 0 (b) Occurrence of F ⇒ occurrence of E [from Eq.(ii)]
4. (d) A =  5 2 0  (c) Non-occurrence of E ⇒ non-occurrence of F [from
 −1 6 1  Eq.(i)]
 2 −5 32   2 0 0
T
π  π  1 + tan θ 1 − tan θ
10. (a) tan  + θ  − tan  − θ  = −
⇒ adj ( A) =  0 1 −6  =  −5 1 0  .
  4  4  1 − tan θ 1 + tan θ
4 tan θ  2 tan θ 
 0 0 2   32 −6 2  = = 2  = 2 tan 2θ .
1 − tan θ
2
 1 − tan θ 
2

i i
5. (a) 0.234 = 0.2343434..... 11. (b) It is understandable.
0.2 + 0.034 + 0.00034 + 0.0000034 + ... 12. (a) P
Q
34 34 34
= 0.2 + + + + .....∞ l
1000 100000 10000000
10°
2  1 1 1 
= + 34  3 + 5 + 7 + ........∞  38°
10 10 10 10  S 2.05 m O
2  1/10  2 3
1 100 sin 38 o
sin( SPO )
= + 34   = + 34 × × =
10  1 − 1/1000  10 1000 99 l 2.05

=
2 34 232
+ = sin(180o − 38o − 90 o − 10 o ) 2.05 sin 38 o
. = ⇒ l=
10 990 990 2.05 sin 42 o

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408 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1 3 x 2
13. (c) lim+ f ( x) = x 2 sin , 17. (c) Required area = ∫ dx + ∫ 4 − x 2 dx
0 3
x →0 x 3
1 3 2
but −1 ≤ sin ≤ 1 and x → 0 1  x2  x 4 x
x =   + 4 − x 2 + sin −1 
3  2  0  2 2 2
Therefore, lim+ f ( x) = 0 = lim− f ( x) = f (0)
3
x →0 x →0
3  3 2π  π Y
Hence f ( x) is continuous at x = 0. = + π − − = . x= 3y
2  2 3  3
 ( x − a )( x − b)  Trick: Area of sector made
14. (a) y =  
 ( x − c )( x − d ) 
(2,0)
θ cR2 X
by an arc =
1 2
⇒ log y = [log( x − a ) + log( x − b) − log( x − c) − log( x − d )]
2 π 4 π
= . = .
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get 6 2 3
1 dy 1  1 1 1 1  dy 2 2
=  + − −  18. (b) = 2 ⇒ dy = 2 dx, Now integrate it.
y dx 2  ( x − a) ( x − b) ( x − c) ( x − d )  dx x x
dy y  1 1 1 1  19. (a) Here, equation of line is y = x tan α + c, c > 0
Thus =  + − − .
dx 2  ( x − a) ( x − b) ( x − c) ( x − d )  Length of the perpendicular drawn on line from point
(a cos α , a sin α )
x2 −1 x2 + 1 − 2 2
15. (d) f ( x) = = = 1− 2 − a sin α + a cos α tan α + c c
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x +1 p= ; p= = c cos α
1 + tan α 2 sec α
∴ f ( x) < 1∀x
2 20. (d) It is a fundamental concept.
and ≥ − 1 as ≤2
x +1
2
21. (a) y
y=x
∴ −1 ≤ f ( x ) < 1
P F
Hence f ( x) has minimum value –1 and also there is no (2,2)
N
maximum value. M
(1,1) V
( x + 1)2 x − ( x − 1)2 x
2 2
4x x+y–2=0
Alternate: f ′( x) = = 2 x' x
( x 2 + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2 O

f ′( x) = 0 ⇒ x = 0
y'
( x + 1) 4 − 4 x.2( x + 1)2 x
2 2 2
Since, distance of vertex from origin is 2 and focus is
f ′′ ( x) =
( x 2 + 1) 4
2 2.
( x 2 + 1)4 − 16 x( x) −12 x 2 + 4 ∴ V(1, 1) and F(2, 2) (ie, lying on y = x)
= =
( x 2 + 1)3 ( x 2 + 1)3 where, length of latusrectum = 4a = 4 2 (∵ a = 2)
∴ f ′′(0) > 0 ∴ By definition of parabola PM 2 = (4 a )( PN )
∴ There is only one critical point having minima. Where, PN is length of perpendicular upon x + y − 2 = 0
Hence f ( x) has least value at x = 0. (ie, tangent at vertex).
−1 ( x − y )2  x+ y−2
f min = f (0) = = −1. ⇒ = 4 2 
1 2  2 

16. (a) Put a x = t ⇒ a x log e a dx = dt , then ⇒ ( x − y ) 2 = 8( x + y − 2)

   
ax 1 dt 22. (b) a ⋅ b = − | a | | b | , (∵ cos θ = −1)
∫ 1 − a2x
dx =
log e a ∫ 1− t2
23. (a) Here, l = cosθ , m = cos β , n = cos θ , (∵ l = n)
1 sin −1 (a x )
= sin −1 (t ) + c = + c. Now, l 2 + m 2 + n 2 = 1
log e a log e a

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Mock Test-4 409
⇒ 2cos θ + cos β = 1
2 2 JEE Advance Paper-I
⇒ 2 cos θ = sin β Given, sin β = 3sin θ
2 2 2 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
4 5 3 4 2 9 2 3 a b,c,d
⇒ 2 cos 2 θ = 3sin 2 θ ⇒ 5cos 2 θ = 3,
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
3
∴ cos 2 θ = . a b b c a,b c b,d d b a
5
kπ π
24. (b) (~ (~ p )) ∧ q = p ∧ q . 12 i i
Σ e 7
e 7 −1
k =1
12
25. (b) α + β = −6 . . .(i) 1. (4) π
= =4
3 i 3
αβ = λ . . .(ii) Σ ei (4 k − 2) e 7 − 1
k =1

and given 3α + 2β = −20 . . .(iii)

Solving (i) and (iii), we get β = 2, α = −8 2. (5) Coeff. x 2

Substituting these values in (ii), we get λ = −16 . ⇒

2
C2 + 3C2 + 4C2 + ....... + 49C2 + 50C2 m2 = (3n + 1) 51C3

26. (a) Since a , b, c, d are in H.P., therefore b is the H.M. of ⇒

3
C3 + 3C2 + 4C2 + ....... + 49C2 + 50C2 m2 = (3n + 1) 51C3
2ac ⇒
n
Cr + nCr −1 = n+1Cr ⇒ 50
C3 + 50C2 ⋅ m2 = (3n + 1) 51C3
a and c i.e . b = and c is the H.M. of b and d
a+c 51 50
2bd 2ac 2bd ⇒
50
C3 + 50C2 + (m2 − 1) 50C2 = 3n ⋅ C2 + 51C3
i.e. c = , ∴ ( a + c)(b + d ) = . 3
b+d b c
⇒
51
C3 + (m2 − 1) 50C2 = 51n ⋅ 50C2 + 51C3
⇒ ab + ad + bc + cd = 4ad ⇒ ab + bc + cd = 3ad .
1 1 1 ⇒ m2 − 1 = 51n m2 = 51n + 1
Trick : Check for a = 1, b = , c = , d = .
2 3 4 Min value of m2 for 51n + 1 is integer for n = 5.
27. (d) We have y = 3 x + 6 x 2 + 10 x 3 + .... 3. (8) Let coin was tossed ‘n’ times
∴ 1 + y = 1 + 3 x + 6 x 2 + 10 x 3 + ... 1 n
Probability of getting at least two heads = 1 −  n + n 
⇒ 1 + y = (1 − x ) −3
⇒ 1 − x = (1 + y ) −1/ 3
⇒ x = 1 − (1 + y ) −1/ 3
 2 2 
28. (a) Total number of arrangements of word BANANA  n + 1
⇒ 1 −  n  ≥ 0.96
6!  2 
= = 60
3!2! 2n
⇒ ≥ 25 ⇒ n ≥ 8
The number of arrangements of words BANANA in n +1
5!
which two N’s appear adjacently = = 20 4. (4)
3! 1
Required number of arrangements = 60 – 20 = 40
3
29. (a) Let y1 = sin −1 x and y 2 = cos −1 1 − x 2 –2 –1 1 2

Differentiating w.r.t. x of y1 and y 2 , we get  x − 1, 1 ≤ x < 2

f ( x) =  f (x) is periodic with period 2
dy1 1 1 − x , 0 ≤ x < 1
=
dx 1 − x2 10

dy2 1 1(−2 x) 1 dy
∴ I= ∫
−10
f ( x ) cos π x dx
=− = ⇒ 2 = 1.
dx 1 − (1 − x ) 2 1 − x
2
1− x 2 dy1 10 2
= 2 ∫ f ( x ) cos π x dx = 2 × 5∫ f ( x ) cos π x dx
30. (b) Let y = f ( x) = x 2 e − x 0 0

 1
 2
dy 10 =  ∫ (1 − x ) cos π xdx + ∫ ( x − 1) cos π x dx  = 10( I1 + I 2 )
⇒ = 2 xe− x − x 2e− x = e− x (2 x − x 2 )
dx 0 1 
Hence f '( x) ≥ 0 for every x ∈ [0, 2], therefore it is non- 2
I 2 = ∫ ( x − 1) cos π x dx put x − 1 = t
decreasing in [0, 2]. 1

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410 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1
1 = a2m2 − b2
I 2 = − ∫ t cos π t dt
0 1 = 4a2 − b2
1 1
I1 = − ∫ (1 − x ) cos π x dx = − ∫ x cos(π x ) dx 4e2
1= − b2
0 0 4
1
 1
  sin π x cos π x  b2 = e2 = 1. Also, b 2 = a 2 ( e1 − 1)
∴ I = 10  −2∫ x cos π x dx  = −20  x +
 0   π π 2  0 ∴ a = 1, e = 2

 1 1  40 π 2
 2  2  2
= −20  − 2 − 2  = 2 ∴ I = 4 8. (3) a − b + b − c + c − a = 9
 π π  π 10
     
1 ⇒ 2 − 2a ⋅b + 2 − 2 b ⋅c + 2 − 2 c ⋅ a = 9
d2
5. (2) ∫ 4 x 3 (1 − x 2 ) 5 dx
dx 2 3      
− = a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅a
I II
0 ⇒ . . .(i)
1 1
2
 d  d   
=  4 x 3 (1 − x 2 )5  − ∫12 x 2 (1 − x 2 )5 dx Now, | a + b + c |2 ≥ 0
 dx 0 0 dx
     
1  1
1
 ⇒ 1+1+1+ 2 a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅ a ≥ 0
=  4 x 3 × 5(1 − x 2 )4 (−2 x )  − 12   x 2 (1 − x 2 )5  − ∫ 2 x (1 − x 2 )5 dx 
0

0
       3
a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅ a ≥ −
0
⇒ . . .(ii)
1 2
1
 (1 − x 2 )6 
= 0 − 0 − 12[0 − 0] + 12∫ 2 x(1 − x 2 )5 dx = 12 ×  −  Equation (i) and (ii) are simultaneously true
0  6 0
      1
 1 If a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ a ≥ −
= 12 0 +  = 2 2
 6    2
Now, 2a + 5b + 5c
6. (9) y − y1 = m ( x − x1 )
     
= 4 + 25 + 25 + 20 a ⋅ b + 50b ⋅ c + 20( a ⋅ c )
Put x = 0, to get y intercept y1 = mx1 = x1
3

  
dy = 54 − 10 − 25 − 10 = 9 ⇒ 2a + 5b + 5c = 3
y1 − x1 = x13
dx
dy 9 (a) y = sec(tan −1 x)
x − y = − x3
dx dy 1
⇒ = sec(tan −1 x ).tan (tan −1 x ).
dy y dx 1 + x2
− = − x2
dx x  dy  2 1
1
⇒  dx  = 1 + 1 =
f dx 1   x =1 2
e x
= e− ln x =
x 1
10. (b,c,d) For f (x) = x cos   , x ≥ 1
1 1 x
y × = ∫ − x 2 × dx
x x
1 1 1
y y x2 f '(x) = cos   + sin   → 1forx → ∞
= −∫ xdx ⇒ = − + c x x x
x x 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
x3 3 also f '(x) = 2
sin   − 2 sin   − 3 cos  
⇒ f ( x) = − + x ∴ f (−3) = 9. x x x x x x
2 2
1 1
a  = cos   < 0 forx ≥ 1
(2) Substituting  , 0  in y = −2x + 1
3
7. x x
e 
⇒ f '(x) is decreasing for [1, ∞)
2a
0=− +1 ⇒ f '(x + 2) < f '(x). Also,
e
2a
=1 a =
e  1 1
lim f (x + 2) − f (x) = lim (x + 2)cos − x cos  = 2
e 2 x →∞ x →∞
 x+2 x
Also, 1 = a2 m2 − b2 ∴ f (x + 2) − f (x) > 2∀x ≥ 1

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Mock Test-4 411
f ( x) x 14. (c) Since, ∆ is isosceles, hence centroid is the desired
11. (a) Here ff ( x ) = =
[1 + f ( x ) n ]1/ n (1 + 2 x n )1/ x point.
x
⇒ fff ( x ) = (3, 4)
(1 + 3 x n )1/ n
x
⇒ g ( x ) = ( f  f …  f )( x ) =
n times (1 + nx n )1/ n
xn−1dx
Hence I = ∫ x n−2 g ( x) dx = ∫
(1 + nx n )1/ n (0, 0) (6, 0)

d 15. (a,b) Slope of tangent = m = 2 Equation of tangent in

(1 + nx n )
1 n 2 x n −1dx 1 dx slope form is
= 2∫ = 2 ∫ dx
n (1 + nx ) n 1/ n
n (1 + nx n )1/ n
y = mx ± a 2 m 2 − b 2 , y = 2 x ± 4 2
1
1 1−
∴ I= (1 + nxn ) n + K  ma 2 −b 2 
n(n − 1) and point of contact is  − , 
 c c 
12. (b) F (0) = 0
 2×9 4   9 1 
F ′( x) = 2 xf ( x ) = f ′( x ) ≡ − ,−  ≡ ± ,± 
 ±4 2 ±4 2   2 2 2
2
+c
f ( x) = e x
R Q
2
f ( x ) = e x (∵ f (0) = 1) 16. (c)
T
x2
(α , β , γ )
F ( x ) = ∫ e dx x
S P
0
2
F ( x) = e x − 1 (∵ F (0) = 0) ⇒ F (2) = e 4 − 1 iˆ ˆj kˆ
1   1
Area of base (PQRS) = | PR × SQ |= 3 1 −2
dy x x4 + 2x 2 2
13. (b) + 2 y= 1 −3 −4
dx x − 1 1 − x2
1
This is a linear differential equation = | −10iˆ + 10 ˆj − 10kˆ |= 5 | iˆ − ˆj + kˆ |= 5 3
x 1 2
∫ x2 −1dx ln| x 2 −1|
I.F. = e = e2 = 1 − x2 1− 2 + 3 2
Height = proj. of PT on iˆ − ˆj + kˆ = =
x ( x 3 + 2) 3 3
⇒ Solution is y 1 − x = ∫ 2
⋅ 1 − x dx
2

1 − x2  2 
Volume = (5 3)   = 10 cu. units
x5  3
or y 1 − x 2 = ∫ ( x 4 + 2 x )dx = + x 2 + c
5
17. (b, d) Let the required plane be x + z + λ y − 1 = 0
f (0) = 0 ⇒ c = 0
| λ −1 | 1
x5 ⇒ =1 ⇒ λ = −
⇒ f ( x) 1 − x 2 = + x2 λ +22 2
5
3/2 3/2
x2 ⇒ P3 ≡ 2 x − y + 2 z − 2 = 0
Now, ∫ f ( x )dx = ∫ 1 − x2
dx (Using property)
| 2α − β + 2γ − 2 |
− 3/2 − 3/2
Distance of P3 from (α , β , γ ) is 2 =2
π /3 4 ×1 + 4
sin θ
3/2 2 2
x
= 2 ∫
0 1− x 2
dx = 2 ∫
0
cos θ
cos θ dθ ⇒ 2α − β + 2λ + 4 = 0 and 2α − β + 2λ − 8 = 0

(Taking x = sin θ ) 18. (d) ~ [~ s ∨ (~ r ∧ s )]

π /3 π /3
θ sin 2θ  = ~ (~ s )∧ ~ (~ r ∧ s )
= 2 ∫ sin 2 θ dθ =  −
2 4  0
0 = s ∧ (r ∨ ~ s)
π   3 π 3 = (s ∧ r ) ∨ (s ∧ ~ s)
= 2   − 2   = − .
6  8  3 4
= s∧r∨ F = s∧r

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412 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
2i ( x + iy ) 2i ( x + iy ) JEE Advance Paper-II
19. (A) z = =
1 − ( x + iy ) 2 1 − ( x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy )
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Using 1 − x 2 = y 2 4824 1004 50 3 40 30 1601 500 c d
2ix − 2 y 1 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Z= =− .
2 y 2 − 2ixy y c a,d b c a,c,d c a b b c

1 1
∵ −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ −1 or − ≥ 1.  π [ x]  2π
y y 1. (4824) The period of sin   is = 24 as
 12  π /12
8.3x − 2
(B) For domain −1 ≤ ≤1  π [ x + 24]   π ([ x] + 24) 
1 − 32( x −1) sin   = sin  
 12   12 
3x − 3x − 2
⇒ −1 ≤ ≤ 1.  π [ x]   π [ x] 
1 − 32 x − 2 = sin  2π +  = sin  
 12   12 
3 x − 3x − 2
Case (i): −1 ≤ 0  π [ x] 
1 − 32 x − 2 Similarly the period of tan   is 3 and the period of
 3 
(3x − 1)(3x − 2 − 1)
⇒ ≥0
(32 x − 2 − 1) π x  2π
cos   is =8
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 0] ∪ (1, ∞ ).
 4  π /4
Hence, the period of the given function
3 x − 3x − 2 λ = LCM of 24, 8, 3 = 24
Case (ii): +1 ≥ 0
1 − 32 x − 2
∴ 201 λ = 201× 24 = 4824
(3x − 2 − 1)(3x + 1)
⇒ ≥0
(3x.3x − 2 − 1)  b 
 ax − b  −1 −1
 x− a 
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 1) ∪ [2, ∞ ). 2. (1004) ∵ y = tan   = tan  
 bx + a  1+ b ⋅ x 
So, x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞)  a 
(C) R1 → R1 + R3 b
= tan −1 x − tan −1  
0 0 2 a
f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ = 2(tan 2 θ + 1) = 2sec 2 θ . dy 1
∴ = −0
−1 − tan θ 1 dx 1 + x 2
dy 1 1 1
3 1/ 2 15 1/ 2 ∴ = = =
(D) f ′( x) = ( x) (3x − 10) + ( x) × 3 = ( x) ( x − 2) 1 + (−1) 1 + 1 2
3/ 2 2
dx x = −1
2 2
Increasing, when x ≥ 2. dy 1
⇒ (2008) = 2008 × = 1004
dx x = −1 2
( x − 1)( x − 5)
20. f ( x) = . The graph of f ( x) is shown
( x − 2)( x − 3) π 
PL  d 2  N
y
3. (50) I =
PLAN
= 4 
33000 33000
y= ∆I ∆P ∆L 2∆d ∆N
∴ = + + +
I P L d N
1 2 3 5 x ⇒  ∆I   ∆P   ∆L   ∆d   ∆N 
 ×100  =  ×100  +  ×100  + 2  ×100  +  ×100 
 I   P   L   d   N 
= 10% + 10% + 2 ×10% + 10% = 50%
(A) If −1 < x < 1 ⇒ 0 < f ( x) < 1 λ = 50
∴
(B) If 1 < x < 2 ⇒ f ( x) < 0
 2x + 2 
(C) If 3 < x < 5 ⇒ f ( x) < 0 4. (3) Let I = ∫ sin −1   dx
 (4 x 2 + 8 x + 13) 
(D) If x > 5 ⇒ f ( x) < 1  

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Mock Test-4 413
 2x + 2  7. (1601) Solving the equation (2 + c ) x + 5c y = 1 and
2

I = ∫ sin −1   dx
 (2 x + 2)2 + 32  3x + 5 y = 1,
 
Put 2 x + 2 = 3tan θ  1 − 3x 
(2 + c) x + 5c 2   = 1, then, (2 + c ) x + c (1 − 3 x ) = 1
2

∴ 2 dx = 3sec θ dθ
2  5 
1 − c2
3sec2 θ dθ 3 ∴ x=
Then I = ∫ θ ⋅ = {θ ⋅ tan θ − ln secθ } + c 2 + c − 3c 2
2 2
(1 + c )(1 − c ) 1+ c
or x = =
3  2 x + 2   2 x + 2  
2
−1  2 x + 2  (3c + 2)(1 − c ) 3c + 2
=   ⋅ tan   − ln 1 +   +c
2  3   3   3   1+ c 2
  ∴ x = lim ⇒ x=
3c + 2
c →1 5
 2x + 2  3
= ( x + 1) tan −1   − ln(4 x + 8 x + 13) + c
2
1 − 3 x 1 − (6 / 5) 1
 3  4 ∴ y= = =−
5 5 25
3
Hence λ = − 2 1 
4 Therefore the centre of the required circle is  , − 
 5 25 
Then, −4λ = 3
but circle passes through (2,0)
dx 2   1
2

2
5. (40) = x +1
dt ∴ Radius of the required circle =  − 2 +  − − 0
 5   25 
dx
⇒ = dt
x +1 64 1 1601 1601 λ
= + = = =
⇒ ln( x + 1) = t + c 25 625 625 25 25
∴ λ = 1601
Putting t = 0, x = 0 we get c = 0
   
⇒ t = ln( x + 1) 8. (500) Let PV of A, B, C and D be a , b , c and 0
        
For x = 99, t = ln100 = 2log e 10 ∴ AB × CD = (b − a ) × − c = −b × c + a × c
       
∴ 20λ log10 e = 20 × 2log e 10 × log10 e = 40 
BC × AD = ( c − b ) × − a = − c × a + b × a
        
6. (30) Since, centroid divides the orthocenter and circum and CA × BD = ( a − c ) × −b = − a × b + c × b
center in the ratio 2 : 1 (internally) and if centroid Adding all we get
           
2 1 3 2 AB × CD + BC × AD + CA × BD = − 2 ( a × b + b × c + c × a )
G ( x, y ), then O (1, 1) G ( x, y ) C ,       
2 4      
∴ | AB × CD + BC × AD + CA × BD | = 2 | a × b + b × c + c × a |
3 3      
2 × + 1× 1 2 × + 1× 1 = 2 | ( c − a ) × (b − a ) | = 2 | AC × AB |
2 4 4 5
x= = and y = =  
2 +1 3 2 +1 6 1
= 4 ⋅ | AC × AB | = 4 (Area of ∆ABC )
4 5 2
∴ Centroid is  ,  and nine point centre is the mid point ∴ λ=4
3 6
of orthocenter and circumcentre. Then, 125 λ = 500
 1 + ( 3/ 2 ) 1 + ( 3/ 4 )  9. (c) A = [ x, y ] B = {a, b, c, d}
∴ Nine point centre is  , ,
 2 2  A × B Having 2 × 4 = 8 elements
5 7 Total subsets of A × B is 28 = 256
i.e.,  , 
4 8 ∴ Total no. of subsets of A × B having 3 or more elements

⇒
4
a= ,β =
5 5
and γ = , δ =
7  
3 6 4 8 = 256 −  1 + 8 + 8 C2 
 null set single ton set subset having 
∴ 6α + 12β + 4γ + 8δ  2 elements 
4 5 5 7 = 256 − 1 − 5 − 28 = 219
= 6× + 12 × + 4 × + 8 × = 8 + 10 + 5 + 7 = 30
3 6 4 8

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414 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

10. (d) f ( x) = 2 x + 3x + k 3
 
 1 
f ′( x) = 6 x 2 + 3 f ′( x) = 0 Also, 2cosθ (1 − sin φ ) = sin θ 
2
 cos φ − 1
 sin cos θ
θ 
1  2 2 
⇒ x2 = −
2 ⇒ 2cos θ − 2 cos θ sin φ = 2sin θ cos φ − 1
Not possible. As condition for two distinct real root is ⇒ 1 + 2 cos θ = 2sin(θ + φ )
f (α ) f ( β ) = 0 (where are α , β roots of f ′( x) = 0) 1
⇒ sin(θ + φ ) = + cosθ
z1 − 2 z 2 2
= 1 ⇒ | z1 − 2 z2 | = | 2 − z1 z2 |
2 2
11. (c)
2 − z1 z2 1 π 4π
⇒ < sin(θ + φ ) < 1 ⇒ < φ <
2 2 3
⇒ ( z1 − 2 z2 )( z1 − 2 z2 ) = (2 − z1 z2 )(2 − z1 z2 )
1/ 2
⇒ z1 z1 + 4 z2 z2 = 4 + z1 z1 z2 z2 16. (c) 1 + x 2  ( x cos cot −1 x + sin cot −1 x ) 2 − 1
⇒ 4 + | z1 |2 | z2 |2 − 4 | z2 |2 − | z1 |2 = 0  2

1/ 2
x 1 
= 1 + x  x cos cos −1
2
+ sin sin −1 
 − 1
⇒ (| z1 |2 −1) ⋅ ( | z2 |2 − 4) = 0  1 + x2 1 + x2  
 
But | z2 | ≠ 1, ∴ | z2 | = 2 1/ 2
 x 2 1 
2

Hence, z lies on a circle of radius 2 centered at origin. = 1 + x 2  +  − 1
 1 + x 2
1 + x2  
1 4 4   
12. (a,d) adj P =  2 1 7  ⇒ | adj P |= 4 = 1 + x2 ( x2 + 1 − 1)1/ 2 = x 1 + x 2 .
1 1 3 
17. (a) a1 = 1 a2 = 2 a3 = 3 a4 = 5
We know, | adj P | = | P |n −1 (where n is order of matrix)
an is following Fibonacci series. Hence a17 = a16 + a15 .
⇒ | adj P | = | P |2 ⇒ 4 = | P |2 ⇒ | P | = ± 2
18. (b) 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
 8   12   16   20   24  Total no of ways exactly two consecutive two is = 5 ways
13. (b)   +   +   +   +   + ...
5  5   5   5   5  Total no of ways exactly three consecutive two is = 2
ways
82 122 162 202 242 (4n + 4) 2
= 2
+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + .... Tn = Total no of ways exactly four consecutive two is = 1 ways
5 5 5 5 5 52
10
So, b6 = 5 + 2 + 1 = 8
1 16 10 2
Sn =
52
∑16(n + 1)
n =1
2
= ∑ (n + 2n + 1)
25 n =1 19. (b) Case (i): One odd, 2 even
16 10 × 11× 21 2 × 10 × 11  16 16 Total number of ways = 2×2×3+1×3×3+1×2×4 = 29.
=  + + 10  = × 505 = m Case (ii): AII 3 odd
25  6 2  25 5
Number of ways = 2×3×4 = 24
⇒ m = 101
Favourable ways = 53
14. (c) Number of required ways
53 53
= 5!− {4 ⋅ 4}!− 4 C2 ⋅ 3!+ 4 C3 ⋅ 2!− 1} = 53. Required probability = = .
3 × 5 × 7 105
15. (a,c,d,) Conditions: 20. (c) Here 2 x2 = x1 + x3
3 ⇒ x1 + x3 = even
− tan(θ ) > 0 ⇒ tan θ < 0 and −1 < sin θ < −
2 Hence number of favourable ways
 3π 5π  1 = 2C1 ⋅4 C2 +1 C 1 ⋅3 C1 = 11.
∴ θ ∈  ,  ⇒ 0 < cosθ <
 2 3  2

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Mock Test-5 415
JEE-MAIN: MATHEMATICS MOCK TEST-5
1. The domain of definition of the function y ( x ) given by 10. sin(π + θ ) sin(π − θ ) cosec 2θ =
the equation 2 x + 2 y = 2 is: a. 1 b. –1 c. sin θ d. − sin θ
a. 0 < x ≤ 1 b. x ≤ x ≤ 1
11. sinh 2 x equals
c. −∞ < x ≤ 0 d. −∞ < x < 1.
a. cosh 2 x − 1 b. cosh 2 x + 1
2. A real root of the equation log 4 {log 2 ( x + 8 − x )} = 0 is 1 1
c. (cosh 2 x − 1) d. (cosh 2 x + 1)
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2 2

3. cosh(α + i β ) − cosh(α − i β ) is equal to 12. A tower subtends an angle α at a point A in the plane of
a. 2 sinh α sinh β b. 2 cosh α cosh β its base and the angle of depression of the foot of the
tower at a point l meters just above A is β . The height of
c. 2i sinh α sin β d. 2 cosh α cos β
the tower is
 0 −4 1 a. l tan β cot α b. l tan α cot β
4. Matrix  4 0 −5  is
 c. l tan α tan β d. l cot α cot β
 −1 5 0 
13. The value of k so that the function
a. Orthogonal b. Idempotent
c. Skew-symmetric d. Symmetric k (2 x − x 2 ), when x < 0
f ( x) =  is continuous at x = 0, is
20  cos x, when x ≥ 0
an +1 1
5. For a sequence < an >, a1 = 2 and
an
= . Then
3
∑a
r =1
r is a. 1 b. 2
c. 4 d. None of these
20  1 
a. [4 + 19 × 3] b. 3 1 − 20  dy
2  3  14. If y = (1 + x) x , then =
dx
c. 2(1 − 320 ) d. None of these
 x 
a. (1 + x) x  + log ex 
6. Coefficients of x r [0 ≤ r ≤ ( n − 1)] in the expansion of 1 + x 
( x + 3) n −1 + ( x + 3) n − 2 ( x + 2) x
b. + log(1 + x)
+ ( x + 3) n −3
( x + 2) + ... + ( x + 2)
2 n −1 1+ x

a. Cr (3 − 2 n )
n r n
Cr (3n− r − 2 n − r )  x 
b. c. (1 + x) x  + log(1 + x) 
1 + x 
c. n Cr (3r + 2 n− r ) d. None of these
d. None of these
2 3 4
7. 1+ + + + …∞ = 15.
x
is maxima at
3! 5! 7! 1 + x tan x
a. e b. 2e c. e/2 d. e/3 a. x = sin x b. x = cos x
8. The number of ways in which the following prizes be π
c. x = d. x = tan x
given to a class of 20 boys, first and second Mathematics, 3
first and second Physics, first Chemistry and first English 1
is. 16. ∫ x 1 + log x
dx =
a. 204 ×192 b. 203 ×193
2
c. 202 × 194 d. None of these a. (1 + log x )3/ 2 + c b. (1 + log x)3/ 2 + c
3
9. If the integers m and n are chosen at random between 1 c. 2 1 + log x + c d. 1 + log x + c
and 100, then the probability that a number of the form
17. The area of the triangle formed by the tangent to the
7 m + 7 n is divisible by 5, equals
hyperbola xy = a 2 and co-ordinate axes is
1 1 1 1
a. b. c. d. a. a 2 b. 2a 2 c. 3a 2 d. 4a 2
4 7 8 49

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416 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
dy 24. ~ ( p ∨ (~ q)) is equal to
18. The solution of = x log x is
dx a. ~ p ∨ q
x2 b. (~ p ) ∧ q
a. y = x 2 log x − + c
2
c. ~ p ∨ ~ p
x2
b. y = log x − x 2 + c d. ~ p ∧ ~ q
2
25. If the sum of the roots of the equation λ x + 2x + 3λ = 0
2
1 1
c. y = x 2 + x2 log x + c
2 2 be equal to their product, then λ =
d. None of these a. 4
19 The distance of point (–2, 3) from the line x − y = 5 is b. –4
c. 6
a. 5 2
d. None of these
b. 2 5
26. If a , b, c and u , v , w are the complex numbers representing
c. 3 5
the vertices of two triangles such that c = (1 − r )a + rb and
d. 5 3 w = (1 − r )u + rv, where r is a complex number, than the
20. If the coordinates of one end of the diameter of the circle two triangles
x + y − 8x − 4 y + c = 0 are (–3, 2), then the coordinates
2 2 a. have the same area
b. are similar
of other end are
c. are congruent
a. (5, 3) b. (6, 2)
d. None of these
c. (1, –8) d. (11, 2)
21. Let ( x, y) by any point on the parabola y 2 = 4 x. Let P be 2 3 1 4
27. The rank of the matrix, A =  0 1 2 − 1 is
the point that divides the line segment from (0, 0) to 
 0 −2 −4 2 
( x, y) in the ratio 1: 3. Then, the locus of P is
a. 2 b. 3
a. x 2 = y c. 1 d. Indeterminate
b. y 2 = 2 x 28. The coefficient of xn in the expansion of
c. y 2 = x (1 + x + x + ....) is
2 −n

d. x = 2 y
2
a. 1
      b. (–1)n
22. If a , b , c are unit vectors such that a + b + c = 0, then c. n
     
a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅ a = d. n + 1
a. 1 29. Three boys and two girls stand in a queue. The probability
b. 3 that the number of boys ahead of every girl is atleast one
c. – 3/2 more than the number of girls ahead of her, is
d. 3/2 a. 1/2
b. 1/3
23. The direction cosines of three lines passing through the
c. 2/3
origin are l1 , m1 , n1 ; l2 , m2 , n2 and l3 , m3 , n3 . The lines will
d. 3 4
be coplanar, if
l1 n1 m1 l1 m2 n3 30. The imaginary part of tan −1 (cos θ + i sin θ ) is
a. l2 n2 m2 = 0 b. l2 m3 n1 = 0 a. tanh −1 (sin θ )
l3 n3 m3 l3 m1 n2 b. tanh −1 (∞)
c. l1l2l3 + m1m2 m3 + n1n2 n3 = 0 1
c. tanh −1 (sin θ )
d. None of these 2
d. None of these

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 Mock Test-5 417
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-I

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions.  y2 y2 

7. If f  2 x 2 + , 2 x 2 −  = xy , then the value of
The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to  8 8 
9 (both inclusive).
f (60, 48) + f (80, 48) + f (13, 5) must be
1. A variable plane is at a constant distance p form the origin
8. If x = a (cos t + t sin t ); y = a (sin t − t cos t ), then the value
and meets the axes in A, B and C. If the locus of the
centroid of the tetrahedron OABC is d2y
of 120) must be
x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = λ p −2 then the value of 160 λ must be dx 2 t =π / 3

2. The normal to the parabola y 2 = 8 x at the point (2, 4) SECTION 2 Contains 10 Multiple Choice Questions
meets it again at (18, –12). If length of normal chord is λ , With one or more than one correct option
then the value of λ must be
2
9. Let A and B be two sets containing four and two elements
3. An electric component manufactured by ‘RASU respectively. Then the number of subsets of the set A × B ,
electronics’ is tested for its defectiveness by a each having at least three elements is:
sophisticated testing device. Let A denote the event “the a. 219 b. 256
device is defective” and B the event “the testing device c. 275 d. 510
reveals the component to be defective”. Suppose 10. The quadratic equation p( x) = 0 with real coefficients
P( A) = α and P( B / A) = P( B '/ A ') = 1 − α , where 0 < α <
< 1.
1. has purely imaginary roots. Then the equation
If the probability that the component is not defective, p( p( x)) − 0 has
given that the testing device reveals it to be defective, is
a. only purely imaginary roots
λ, then the value of 2008 λ must be b. all real roots
4. The coefficient of x 50 in the polynomials after parenthesis c. two real and two purely imaginary roots
have been removed and like terms have been collected in d. neither real nor purely imaginary roots

the expansion (1 + x )1000 + x (1 + x )999 + x2 (1 + x )998 + ... + x100011. A value of θ for which 2 + 3i sin θ is purely imaginary, is:
1 − 2i sin θ
λ!
(1 + x ) 998 + ... + x1000 is , then the value of λ + 2µ +3v must be
µ ! v! π π
a. b.
3 6
(v > µ )
 3  1 
c. sin −1  d. sin −1 
5. The value of  4   3

 
1 −1  7π  −1  2π  −1  5π   −π  
 216 sin  sin  + 27 cos  cos  + 28 tan  tan + cot −1ω cos
200Let
12. 
be a complex cube root of unity with ω ≠ 1 and
π  6   3   4   4  i+ j
P[ Pij ] be a n × n matrix with pij = ω . Then when
 2π  −1  5π  −1  −π  
7 cos −1  cos  + 28 tan  tan  + 200 cot  cos  P 2 ≠ 0, n =
 3   4   4 
a. 57 b. 55
must be c. 58 d. 56
  
6. Let a, b and c be three non-coplanar unit vectors such 13. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers ℓ and
π n ( ℓ, n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric means
that the angle between every pair of them is . If
3 between ℓ and n, then G14 + 2G24 + G34 equals,
      
a × b + b × c = pa + qb + rc , where p, q and r are a. 4ℓ 2 mn b. 4ℓ m2 n
p 2 + 2q 2 + r 2 c. 4ℓ mn2 d. 4ℓ 2 m2 n 2
scalars, then the value of is _______
q2

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418 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
4n k ( k +1) SECTION 3 Contains 2 Match The Following Type Questions
14. Let Sn = ∑ (−1) 2
k 2 . Then S n can take value(s)
k =1
You will have to match entries in Column I with the entries in
Column II.
a. 1056 b. 1088 c. 1120 d. 1332
15. If 3x = 4 x −1 , then x = 19. Match the statements given in Column I with the
interval/union of intervals given in Column II
2 log 3 2 2
a. b. Column I Column II
2 log 3 2 − 1 2 − log 2 3
  2iz   1. (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞)
1 2 log 2 3 (A)The set Re  2 
: z is a
c. d.   1 − z 
1 − log 4 3 2 log 2 3 − 1
complex number,
| z |= 1, z ≠ ±1 is
16. The number of integers greater than 6,000 that can be
formed, using the digits 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8, without (B) The domain of the function 2. (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
x −2
repetition, is:  8(3) 
f (x) = sin −1  2( x −1)  is
a. 216 b. 192 c. 120 d. 72  1− 3 
17. A ship is fitted with three engines E1 , E2 and E3 . The 1 tan θ 1 3. [2, ∞ )
engines function independently of each other with (C)If f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ ,
1 1 1 −1 − tan θ 1
respective probabilities , and . For the ship to be
2 4 4 then the set
operational at least two of its engines must function. Let X  π
denote the event that the ship is operational and let f (θ ) : 0 ≤ θ <  is
 2
X 1 , X 2 and X 3 denote respectively the events that the (D)If f (x) = x 3 / 2 (3x − 10), 4. (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞)
engines E1 , E2 And E3 are functioning. Which of the x ≥ 0, then f(x) is
following is (are) true? increasing in
a. P[ X 1c | X ] =
3 5. (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞ )
16
b. P [Exactly two engines of the ship are functioning 20. Match the statements/expressions in Column I with the
values given in Column II.
7
[X ] = Column I Column II
8
(A) The number of solutions of the 1. 1
5
c. P[ X | X 2 ] = equation xesin x − cos x = 0 in the
16
 π
7 interval  0, 
d. P[ X | X 1 ] = 2 
16
(B) Value (s) of k for which the plane 2. 2
7 kx + 4 y + z = 0, 4 x + ky + 2 z = 0 and
18. Let PQR be a triangle of area ∆ with a = 2, b = and
2
2 x + 2 y + z = 0 intersect in a
5
c = , where a, b and c are the lengths of the sides of the straight line
2 (C) Value (s) of k for which 3. 3
triangle opposite to the angles at P, Q and R respectively. | x − 1 | + | x − 2 | + | x + 1 | x + 2 |= 4 k
2 sin P − sin 2 P has integer solution (s)
Then equals
2 sin P + sin 2 P (D) If y′y + 1 and y (0) = 1 then value 4. 4
2 2
3 45  3   45  (s) of y (ln2)
a. b. c.   d.  
4∆ 4∆  4∆   4∆  5. 5

Space for rough work

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Mock Test-5 419
JEE ADVANCE PAPER-II

SECTION 1 Contains 8 Questions.  2x  1

9. Let tan −1 y = tan −1 x + tan −1   , where | x |< .
 1− x
2
The answer to each question is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to  3
9 (both inclusive). Then a value of y is
1. If the approximate value of log10 (4.04) 0 abcdef, It is 3 x − x3 3x + x 3
a. b.
given that log 4 4 = 0.6021 and log10 e = 0.4343, then the 1 − 3x 2 1 − 3x 2

value of abcd must be

3 x − x3 3x + x 3
c. d.
1 + 3x 2 1 + 3x 2
 tan x − 1 
2. If ∫ ( tan x + cot x )dx = a tan −1   + c, then the
 b tan x  10. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from three
value of a 4 + b 5 must be collinear points A, B and C, on a line leading to the foot
of the lower, are 30°, 45° and 60° respectively, then the
d3y d2y ratio, AB : BC is
3. The solution of the differential equation 3
−8 2 = 0
dx dx a. 3 :1 b. 3: 2
1
satisfying y (0) = , y1 (0) = 0and y2 (0) = 1is c. 1: 3 d. 2 : 3
8

e8 x − 8 x + 7
y1 = , then the numerical value of λ must be ( x − 1) n
λ 11. Let g ( x) = ; 0 < x < 2, m and n are
log cos m ( x − 1)
4. If m1 and m2 are the roots of the equation integers, m ≠ 0, n > 0, and let p be the left hand
x + ( 3 + 2) x + ( 3 − 1) = 0 and if area of the triangle derivative of | x − 1| at x = 1. If lim+ g ( x) = p, then
2

x →1
formed by the lines y = m1 x, y = m2 x2 , and y = c is a. n = 1, m = 1 b. n = 1, m = −1
(a + b)c , then the value of 2008 (a + b ) must be
2 2 2
c. n = 2, m = 2 d. n > 2, m = n

5. Tangents are drawn form P(6, 8) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , 12. Let g ( x) = log( f ( x)) where f ( x ) is a twice differentiable
then the radius of the circle such that the area of the ∆ formed positive function on (0, ∞) such that f ( x + 1) = x f ( x).
by tangents and chore of contact is maximum must be
Then, for N = 1, 2, 3, ...,
6. ‘P’ is any arbitrary point on the circum circle of the  1 1 1 
a. −4 1 + + + ... + 2
equilateral triangle of side length 26 unit, then the value  9 25 (2 N − 1) 
  
of | PA |2 + | PB |2 + | PC |2 must be  1 1 1 
b. 4 1 + + + ... + 2
 9 25 (2 N − 1) 
x + 4 y + 6 z −1
7. The lines = = and 3 x − 2 y + z + 5 = 0  1 1 1 
3 5 −2 c. −4 1 + + + ... + 2
 9 25 (2 N + 1) 
= 2 x + 3 y + 4 z − k are coplanar for k is equal to
 1 1 1 
d. 4 1 + + + ... + 2
8. If a circle cuts a rectangular hyperbola xy = c in A, B, C 2
 9 25 (2 N + 1) 
and D are the parameters of these four points be t1, t2 , t3 ex e− x
13. Let I = ∫ dx , J = ∫ e−4 x + e −2 x + 1 dx. Then for
and t 4 respectively, then the value of 16t1t 2 t3t 4 must be e 4 x + e2 x + 1
an arbitrary constant C , the value of J − I equals
SECTION 2 Contains 8 Multiple Choice Questions 1  e4 x − e2 x + 1 
a. log  4 x 2 x +C
With one or more than one correct option 2  e + e +1 

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420 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

1  e + e +1
2x x 17. The unit vector perpendicular to both L1 and L2 is
b. log  2 x x +C
2  e − e +1  −iˆ + 7 ˆj + 7kˆ
a.
1  e2 x − e x + 1  99
c. log  2 x +C
 e + e +1
x
2 −iˆ − 7 ˆj + 5kˆ
b.
1  e4 x + e2 x + 1  5 3
d. log  4 x 2 x +C
2  e − e +1  −iˆ + 7 ˆj + 5kˆ
c.
π 5 3
x x
14. The integral ∫ 1 + 4sin 2
2
− 4sin dx equals:
2 7iˆ − 7 ˆj − kˆ
0 d.
a. π − 4 99
2π 18. The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane passing
b. −4−4 3
3 through the point (−1, −2, −1) and whose normal is
c. 4 3 − 4 perpendicular to both the lines L1 and L2 is
π 2
d. 4 3 − 4 − a.
3 75
15. Let the population of rabbits surviving at a time t be 7
b.
government by the differential equation 75
dp (t ) 1 13
= p (t ) − 200. If ( p )0 = 100, then (p)t equals: c.
dt 2 75
a. 400 − 300et / 2 23
d.
75
b. 300 − 200e−t / 2
c. 600 − 500et / 2
Paragraph for Question No. 19 to 20
d. 400 − 300e−t / 2
Let ABCD be a square of side length 2 units, C2 is the circle
16. A straight line L through the point (3, –2) is inclined at an through vertices, A, B, C, D and C1 is the circle touching all the
angle 60° to the line 3x + y = 1. If L also intersects the sides of the square ABCD. L is a line through A.
x-axis, then the equation of L is 19. If P is a point on C1 and Q in another point on C 2 , then
a. y + 3x + 2 − 3 3 = 0 PA2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2
is equal to
b. y − 3x + 2 + 3 3 = 0 QA2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2
a. 0.75
c. 3y − x + 3 + 2 3 = 0 b. 1.25
d. 3y + x − 3 + 2 3 = 0 c. 1
d. 0.5
SECTION 3 Contains 2 Paragraph Type Questions 20. A line M through A is drawn parallel to BD. Point S
Each paragraph describes an experiment, a situation or a problem. moves such that its distances from the line BD and the
Two multiple choice questions will be asked based on this paragraph. vertex A are equal. If locus of S cuts M at T2 and T3 and
One or more than one option can be correct. AC at T1, then area of ∆ T1 T2 T3 is
Paragraph for Question No. 17 to 18 1
a. sq. unit
Consider the line 2
x +1 y + 2 z +1 2
L1 : = = , b. sq. unit
3 1 2 3
x −2 y +2 z −3 c. 1 sq. unit
L2 : = =
1 2 3 d. 2 sq. unit

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Mock Test-5 421
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS 1 2 3 4 n
7. (c) S = + + + +… + +…
JEE-Main 1! 3 ! 5 ! 7 ! (2n − 1) !
1 2n 1 (2n − 1) + 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Here Tn = . =
d a c c b b c a a b 2 (2n − 1) ! 2 (2n − 1) !
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1 1 1 
c b d c b c b d a d =  + 
2  (2n − 2) ! (2n − 1) !
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
c c a b d b a b a c 1  e + e−1 e − e−1  e
⇒ S = ∑ Tn =  + = .
2 2 2  2
1. (d) 2 y = 2 − 2 x
Trick: The sum of this series upto 4 terms is 1.359…and
⇒ y = log 2 2 − 2 x for domain 2 − 2 x ⇒ x < 1
this is value of e/2 approximately.
2. {
(a) log 4 log 2 ( x + 8 − x ) = 0 } 8. (a) Four first prizes can be given in 204 ways since first
⇒ 40 = log ( 2 x+8 − x ) prize of Mathematics can be given in 20 ways, first prize
of Physics also in 20 ways, similarly first prizes of
⇒ 21 = x + 8 − x Chemistry and English can be given in 20 ways each.
(Note that a boy can stand first in all the four subjects).
⇒ 4 = x + 8 + x − 2 x 2 + 8x
Then two second prizes can be given in 192 ways since a
⇒ 2 x + 8x = 2x + 4
2
boy cannot get both the first and second prizes. Hence the
⇒ x 2 + 8x = x2 + 4 + 4 x required number of ways
⇒ 4x = 4 = 204 ×192.
⇒ x = 1.
9. (a) 71 = 7, 7 2 = 49, 7 3 = 34, 7 4 = 2401,.....
3. (c) cosh(α + i β ) − cosh(α − i β ) Therefore, for 7 r , r ∈ N the number ends at unit place 7,
= cosh α cosh (i β ) + sinh α sinh(i β ) 9, 3, 1, 7, …..
− cosh α cosh (i β ) + sinh α sinh (i β ) ∴ 7 m + 7 n will be divisible by 5 if it end at 5 or 0.
= 2sinh α sinh i β = 2i sinh α sin β . But it cannot end at 5. Also for end at 0. For this m and n
should be as follows
4. (c) It is skew-symmetric. m n
1 1 4r 4r − 2
5. (b) The sequence is a G.P. with common ratio .
3 2 4r − 1 4r − 3
a(1 − r n ) 2[1 − (1/ 3) 20 ] 3 4r − 2 4r
Now from ,
1− r 1 − (1/ 3) 4 4r − 3 4r − 1
 1 
= 3 1 − 20  . For any given value of m, there will be 25 values of n.
 3 
Hence, the probability of the required event is
6. (b) We have ( x + 3) n −1 + ( x + 3) n− 2 ( x + 2) + 100 × 25 1
=
( x + 3) n −3
( x + 2) + .... + ( x + 2)
2 n −1 100 × 100 4
Note: Power of prime numbers have cyclic numbers in
( x + 3) − ( x + 2)n
n
= = ( x + 3) n − ( x + 2)n their unit place.
( x + 3) − ( x + 2)
xn − an 10. (b) sin(π + θ ) sin(π − θ )cosec 2θ
(∵ = x n−1 + x n − 2 a1 + x n−3a 2 + .... + a n −1 )
x−a 1
= − sin θ sin θ = −1 .
r
Therefore coefficient of x in the given expression sin 2 θ
= Coefficient of x r in [( x + 3) n − ( x + 2) n ] 1
11. (c) sinh 2 x = (cosh 2 x − 1)
= nCr 3n − r − nCr 2 n− r = nCr (3n − r − 2 n − r ) 2

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422 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
T 1
16. (c) Put t = 1 + log x ⇒ dt = dx, then
12. (b) x
dx dt
P H
∫ x 1 + log x
= ∫ 1/ 2 = 2t 1/ 2 + c = 2(1 + log x)1/ 2 + c.
t
l
α β 17. (b) Y
A O
From figure, we can deduce H = l tan α cot β .
2a
13. (d) f (0−) = lim k (2 x − x 2 ) = 00;
x →0 − X
2a
f (0 + ) = lim cos x = 1 (–a,–a)
x →0+

∴ f (0) = cos x = 1
Hence no value of k can make f (0−) = 1.
a2
Given xy = a 2 or y = . . .(i)
14. (d) y = (1 + x) x x
There are two points on the curve (a, a),(– a,– a)
Taking log on both sides, log y = x log(1 + x )
The equation of the line at (a, a) is,
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
−a  2 
 dy 
 ( x − a ) =  x 2 
1 dy 1 y−a = ( x − a)
= log(1 + x) + x  dx (a, a)
y dx (1 + x)   (a,a )

dy  x  y − a = −( x − a) therefore, equation of the tangent at

Thus = (1 + x) x  + log(1 + x) 
dx 1 + x  ( a , a ) is x + y = 2 a. The interception of line x + y = 2 a
with x-axis is 2a and with y-axis is 2a.
x
15. (b) If is maxima, then its reciprocal 1
1 + x tan x ∴ Required area = × 2a × 2a = 2a 2 .
2
1 + x tan x
will be minima.
x dy
18. (d) = x log x
1 + x tan x 1 dx
Let y = = + tan x
x x ⇒ dy = x log xdx
dy 1
∴
dx
= − 2 + sec 2 x,
x
⇒ ∫ dy =∫ x log xdx

d2y 2 x2 x2
= + 2sec x sec x tan x ⇒ y= log x − + c.
dx 2 x 3 2 4
dy 1
On putting = 0, − 2 + sec 2 x = 0 19. (a) Distance of point (–2, 3) from the line x − y = 5 is
dx x
1 −2 − 3 − 5 −10
⇒ sec 2 x = 2 = = 5 2.
x 2 2
⇒ x 2 = cos 2 x 20. (d) Obviously the centre of the circle is (4, 2) which
⇒ x = cos x should be the middle point of the ends of diameter.
d2y 2 Hence the other end is (11, 2).
∴ = + 2sec 2 x tan x
dx 2 cos 3 x y
= 2sec x(sec x + tan x), which is positive.
2 21. (c) (x,y)Q
3
1 + x tan x P(h,k)
At x = cos x , is minimum. 1
x x
(0,0) O
x
So will be maximum.
1 + x tan x y2 = 4x

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Mock Test-5 423
x+0 y+0 a u 1
By section formula, h = ,k = Consider b v 1
4 4
c w 1
∴ x = 4h, y = 4k
Applying R3 → R3 − {(1 − r ) R1 + rR2 }
Substituting in y 2 = 4 x , (4 k ) 2 = 4(4 h ) ⇒ k 2 = h
a u 1
Or y 2 = x is required locus. = b v 1
   c − (1 − r ) a − rb w − (1 − r ) u − rv 1 − (1 − r ) − r
22. (c) Squaring ( a + b + c ) = 0,
         a u 1
we get a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2a ⋅ b + 2b ⋅ c + 2c ⋅ a = 0 = b v 1 [from Eq. (i)]= 0
         0 0 0
⇒ | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 +2( a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a ) = 0
      Hence, two triangle are similar.
⇒ 2( a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a ) = −3
      3 2 3 1 4
⇒ a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅ a = − 27. (a) Given A =  0 1 2 − 1 , ( R2 → 2 R2 + R3 )
2 
 0 −2 −4 2 
23. (a) Here, three given lines are coplanar if they have
common perpendicular 2 3 1 4

A = 0 0 0 0 
Let d.c.'s of common perpendicular be l, m, n
 0 −2 −4 2 
⇒ ll1 + mm1 + nn1 = 0 . . .(i)
ll2 + mm2 + nn2 = 0 . . .(ii) Since every minor of order 3 in A is 0 and there exists a
2 3 
and ll3 + mm3 + nn3 = 0 . . .(iii) minor order 3 i.e.   in A which is non-zero. Thus,
0 −2 
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get
rank = 2.
l m n
= = =k
m2 n3 − n2 m3 n2l3 − n3l2 l2 m3 − l3 m2 28. (b) We have, (1 + x + x 2 + ...) − n = [(1 − x) −1 ]− n = (1 − x) n
⇒ l = k ( m2 n3 − n2 m3 ), m = k (n2l3 − n3l2 ), n = k (l2 m3 − l3 m2 ) = nC0 − nC1 x + nC2 x 2 + ... + (−1) n nCn .x n
Substituting in (i), we get
Coefficient of x n is (−1)n nCn = (−1)n .
l1 (m2 n3 − n2 m3 ) + m1 (n2l3 − n3l2 ) + n1 (l2 m3 − l3m2 ) = 0
l1 m1 n1 29. (a) Total number of ways to arrange 3 boys and 2 girls are
5!. According to given condition, following cases may
⇒ l2 m2 n2 = 0
arise.
l3 m3 n3
B G G B B
l1 n1 m1 G G B B B
⇒ − l2 n2 m2 = 0 G B G B B
l3 n3 m3 G B B G B
B G B G B
24. (b) ~ ( p ∨ (~ q)) ≡ ~ p ∧ ~ (~ q) ≡ (~ p) ∧ q . So, number of favourable ways = 5 × 3! × 2! = 60
60 1
25. (d) Under condition, ∴ Required probability = =
120 2
2
− =3
λ 30. (c) We know that

⇒ λ=−
2 π i  1 + sin θ 
tan −1 (cos θ + i sin θ ) = + log  ,
3 4 4  1 − sin θ 
26. (b) Since a, b, c and u, v, w are the vertices of two (cos θ ) > 0
triangles.
then the Imaginary part of tan −1 (cosθ + i sin θ ) be
Also, c = (1 − r ) a + rb
1  1 1+ x 
and w = (1 − r ) u + rv . . .(i) tanh −1 (sin θ ) , ∵ tanh −1 x = log  
2  2  1− x 

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424 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
JEE Advance Paper-I ⇒ y 2 + 8 y − 48 = 0
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ⇒ ( y + 12)( y − 4) = 0
2560 3 1004 3954 139 4 112 2880 a d ∴ y = −12 and y = 4
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Then x = 18 and x = 2
d bcd b ad abc b bd c b a
Hence, point of intersection of normal and parabola are
1. (2560) Let the equation of the variable plane be (18, − 12) and (2, 4) therefore normal meets the parabola
 x  y z at (18, − 12) and length of normal chord is distance
  +   +  =1 . . .(i)
a b c between their points
Given that the plane is at a distance p form (0, 0, 0)
= PQ = (18, − 12) 2 + ( − 12 − 4) 2 = 16 2
1
∴ p= = λ (given)
 1   1  2  1 2 
2

  +   +    ∴ λ2 = 5/ 2 ( 2.5 ≈ 3 ) .
 a   b   c  
3. (1004) Given that P( A) = α , P( B / A) = P( B′ / A′) = 1 − α
1 1 1 1
or 2
= 2+ 2+ 2 . . .(ii) Thus, P ( A′) = 1 − P( A) = 1 − α
p a b c
Also, the plane (i) meets the axes in A, B and C. So the and P ( B / A′) = 1 − P ( B′ / A′) = 1 − (1 − α ) = α . . .(i)
coordinates of O, A, B and C are (0, 0, 0), (a, 0, 0), (0, b, P ( A′ ∩ B) P( B) − P( A ∩ B )
∴ P( A′ / B) = =
0) and (0, 0, c) respectively P( B) P( B)
Let ( x, y , z ) be the centroid of the tetrahedron OABC, P ( B) − P ( A) P( B / A)
=
1 1 P( B)
then x = (0 + a + 0) = a
4 4
 P( A ∩ B) 
1 1 ∵ P( B / A) = 
Similarly y = b and z = c  P( A) 
4 4
or a = 4 x, b = 4 y, c = 4 z P( B) − α (1 − α )
= . . .(ii)
P( B)
Substituting these values in equation (ii), we get
But P ( B ) = P( A) ⋅ P ( B / A) + P ( A′) ⋅ P( B / A′)
1 1 1 1
= + +
p 16 x 16 y 16 z 2
2 2 2 α ⋅ (1 − α ) + (1 − α ) ⋅ α {from equation (i)}
Or x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = 16 p −2 = 2α (1 − α ) . . .(iii)
∴ λ = 16 Putting the value of P( B) from equation (iii) in (ii), then
⇒ 160λ = 160 × 16 = 2560 2α (1 − α ) − α (1 − α ) α (1 − α ) 1
P ( A′ / B ) = = = =λ
2α (1 − α ) 2α (1 − α ) 2
2. (3) Comparing the given parabola (i.e., y 2 = 8xx) with
(given)
y 2 = 4 ax 1
∴ 2008λ = 2008 × = 1004
∴ 4a = 8 2
∴ a=2 4. (3954) Using the formula for the sum of a geometric
progression, we find
Since, normal at ( x1 , y1 ) to the parabola y 2 = 4 ax is
y (1 + x)1000 + x(1 + x)999 + x 2 (1 + x)998 + … + x1000
y − y1 = 1 ( x − x1 )
2a   x 1001  x1001
(1 + x)1000 1 −    (1 + x)1000 −
Here, x1 = 2 and y1 = 4   1 + x   (1 + x )
= = = (1 + x)1001 − x1001
  x  x +1− x
4
Equation of normal is y − 4 = − ( x − 2) 1 −   (1 + x)
∴   1 + x 
4
1001!
⇒ y − 4 = −x + 2 Hence, the coefficient of x 50 = 1001C50 =
50!951!
⇒ x+ y −6 = 0 . . . (i) ∴ λ = 1001, µ = 50 and v = 951
Solve equation (i) and y = 8 x then y = 8(6 − y )
2 2
∴ λ + 2 µ + 3v = 1001 + 100 + 2853 = 3954

@iitjeehelps
Mock Test-5 425
 7π  7π π 9. (a) Set A has 4 elements
5. (139) ∵ sin −1  sin  =π − =− ,
 6  6 6 Set B has 2 elements
 2π  2π
∴ Number of elements in set ( A × B ) = 4 × 2 = 8
cos −1  cos = ,
 3  3 ∴ Total number of subsets of ( A × B) = 28 = 256
 5π  5π π Number of subsets having 0 elements = 8C0 = 1
tan −1  tan = −π =
 4  4 4
Number of subsets having 1 element each = 8C1 = 8
  π 
−1 π 3π
And cot cot  −   = π − = ∴ Number of subsets having 2 elements each
  4  4 4
8! 8× 7
Hence, required value is = 8C2 = = = 28
2!6! 2
1 π 2π π 3π 
 216 × − + 27 × + 28 × + 200 ×  Number of subsets having at least 3 elements
π 6 3 4 4 
= 256 − 1 − 8 − 28 = 256 − 37 = 219
= −36 + 18 + 7 + 150 = 139
   10. (d) P ( x ) = ax 2 + b with a, b of same sign.
6. (4) | a | = | b | = | c | = 1
P ( P ( x )) = a ( x 2 + b) 2 + b
      
a × b + b × c = pa + qb + rc If x ∈ R or ix ∈ R
          1 ⇒ x2 ∈ R
a ⋅ (b × c ) = p + q (a ⋅ b ) + r (a ⋅ c ) and [a b c ] =
2 ⇒ P ( x) ∈ R
q r    ⇒ P( P( x)) ≠ 0
p + + = [a b c ] . . .(i)
2 2
Hence real or purely imaginary number cannot satisfy
p r
+q+ =0 . . .(ii) P ( P ( x)) = 0.
2 2
p q    2 + 3i sin θ 1 + 2i sin θ
+ + r = [a b c ] . . .(iii) 11. (d) ×
2 2 1 − 2i sin θ 1 + 2i sin θ
⇒ p = r = −q
2 − 6sin 2 θ = 0 (For purely imaginary)
⇒ p + 2q + r
2 2 2
1
=4 sin 2 θ =
q2 3
 y2 y2  1 1
7. (112) ∴ f  2 x 2 + , 2 x 2 −  = xy sin θ = , θ = sin −1
 8 8  3 3
2 2
 y2   y2  ω 2 ω3 ω4 … ω n+2 
=  2x2 +  −  2x −
2

 8   8   3 
ω ω4 ω5 … ω n+3 
12. (b,c,d) P = 
∴ f (60, 48) + f (80, 48) + f (13, 5) ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 
 n+ 2 
= (60)2 − (48)2 + (80)2 − (48)2 + (13)2 − (5)2 = 36 + 64 + 12 ω ω n+3 … … ω 2n + 4


= 112 ω 4 + ω 6 … ω5 + ω7 + ω9 … … 
 5 
ω + ω7 + ω9 … … … …
P2 =  
dy dy / dt a (cos t − t (− sin t ) − cos t ) ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ … 
8. (2880) = = = tan t  n+ 4 n+6

dx dx / dt a(− sin t + t cos t + sin t ) ω + ω … … … ω 2n + 4 +ω 2n+6
…

d2y d d dt 1 sec3 t P 2 = Null matrix if n is a multiple of 3

⇒ 2
= (tan t ) = (tan t ) ⋅ = sec 2 t =
dx dx dt dx at cos t at 13. (b) Given m is A. M. between ℓ and n
d2y 8 24 ⇒ 2m = ℓ + n
= =
dx t =π / 3 π a / 3 π a
2
Given ℓ, G1 , G2 , G3 , n in G.P.
1/ 4
d2y n n
∴ 120 π a = 120 × 24 = 2880 r =  ⇒ r4 =
dx 2 t =π / 3 ℓ ℓ

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426 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
∴ G1 = ℓ, G2 = ℓr , G3 = ℓr 2 3
17. (b,d)(a)  X 1c 
1 1 1
× ×
2 4 4 1
P 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 =
So, G14 + 2G24 + G34 = ℓ 4 r 4 [1 + 2r 4 + r 8 ]  X  × × + × × + × × + × × 8
2 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 4
 n  n n 
2
8 1 1 1
= ℓ4 ⋅   1 + 2   +    − × ×
 ℓ    ℓ   ℓ   (b) P  Exactly two enginges arefunctioning  = 32 4 4 2 = 7
  8
 X  8
2
 n ( n + ℓ) 2 32
= nℓ3 1 +  = nℓ3 = nℓ(2m)2 = 4ℓm2 n
 ℓ ℓ2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
 X   × + × + × 
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 5
k ( k +1) ( n −1)
(c) P   = =
 
4n
14. (a,d) Sn = ∑ (−1) k 2 ∑ ((4r + 4) 2 + (4r + 3) 2 − (4r + 2) 2 − (4r + 1) 2 ) X
 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 8
 × + × + × + × 
2

k =1 r =0 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
( n −1)
= ∑ (2(8r + 6) + 2(8r + 4)) 11 1 1 3 1 3
 × + × + × 
r =0  X  2 4 4 4 4 4 4 7
( n −1) (d) P   = =
X
 1 1  3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3  16
= ∑ (32r + 20)
r =0
 × + × + × + × 
2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
= 16(n − 1)n + 20n 18. (c) P
1056 for n = 8
= 4n (4 n + 1) = 
1332 for n = 9
5/2 7/2
15. (a,b,c) log 2 3 = ( x − 1) log 2 4 = 2( x − 1)
x

R Q

B1 A3 2sin P − 2sin P cos P

⇒
π /6 2sin P + 2sin P cos P
B2 A2
O
1 − cos P 3
B3 A1 ⇒ =
1 + cos P 32
x = −1/ 2 x = 1/ 2 29
cos P =
⇒ x log 2 3 = 2 x − 2 35
2 1 5 7 8 6
⇒ x= ∆= × × ×
2 − log 2 3 2 2 2 35
2
Rearranging, we get  3 
−2 2 log 3 2 ⇒ ∆= 6 ⇒  
x= =  4∆ 
2−
1 2 log 3 2 − 1
log 3 2 2i(x + iy) 2i(x + iy)
19. (A) z = =
1 1 − (x + iy) 2
1 − (x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy)
log 3 4 log 4 3 1 Using 1 − x 2 = y 2
Rearranging again, x = = = .
log 3 4 − 1 1
−1 1 − log 4 3
log 4 3 2ix − 2y 1
Z= =− .
2y − 2ixy
2
y
16. (b) Case-1 Any 5 – digit number > 6000 is all 5-digits
1 1
number ∵ −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ −1 or − ≥ 1.
y y
Total number > 6000 using 5-digits = 5! = 120
(B) For domain
Case-2: Using 4-digits
8.3x − 2
−1 ≤ ≤1
1 − 32( x −1)
3x − 3x − 2
Can be 6.7 or 8 4 ways 3 ways 2 ways ⇒ −1 ≤ ≤ 1.
1 − 32 x − 2
i.e., 3 ways Total number = 3 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 72
3 x − 3x − 2
Total ways = 120 + 72 = 192 Case (i): −1 ≤ 0
1 − 32x − 2
@iitjeehelps
Mock Test-5 427
x −2
(3 − 1)(3 − 1)
x JEE Advance Paper-II
⇒ ≥0
(32x − 2 − 1) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ (1, ∞). 1 36 64 5522 5 1352 4 16 a a

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
3x − 3x − 2
Case (ii): +1 ≥ 0 c a c d a b b c a c
1 − 32x − 2
(3x − 2 − 1)(3x + 1) 1. (1) Let f ( x ) = log10 x
⇒ ≥0
(3x .3x − 2 − 1) ⇒
1
f ′( x) = ⋅ log10 e
x
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 1) ∪ [2, ∞ ).
Let x = 4, δ x = 0.04
So, x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞ ).
∴ f ( x + δ x) = f ( x) + δ x ⋅ f ′( x)
(C) R 1 → R1 + R 3 1
⇒ log10 ( x + δ x) = log10 x + (0.04) × log10 e
0 0 2 x
f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ ⇒ 1
log10 4.04 = log10 4 + (0.04) × × log10 e
−1 − tan θ 1 x
= 0.6021 + (0.01)(0.4343)
= 2(tan 2 θ + 1) = 2 sec 2 θ .
= 0.6021 + 0.004343 = 0.606443 ≈ 1
3 15
(D) f ′(x) = (x)1/ 2 (3x − 10) + (x)3 / 2 × 3 = (x)1/ 2 (x − 2)
2 2 2. (36) Let I = ∫ ( tan x + cot x ) dx
Increasing, when x ≥ 2. (sin x + cos x )
=∫ dx
20. (A) f '( x) > 0, ∀x ∈ (0, π / 2) (sin x cos x )

f (0) < 0 and f (π / 2) > 0 Put sin x − cos x = t

⇒ 1 − sin 2 x = t 2
So, one solution.
(B) Let (a, b, c) is direction ratio of the intersected line, then ∴ (cos x + sin x) dx = dt
ak + 4b + c = 0 Then, I = dt  t 
∫ 1− t 
= 2 sin −1 t = 2 tan −1 
2
 1− t
2
+c

4a + kb + 2c = 0  
 2 
a b c
= = 2
8 − k 4 − 2 k k − 16  sin x − cos x  −1  tan x − 1 
= 2 tan −1   + c = 2 tan  +c
We must have  sin 2 x   2 tan x 
2(8 − k ) + 2(4 − 2 k ) + ( k 2 − 16) = 0 We, get a = 2, b = 2 Then,
⇒ k = 2, 4. ⇒ a 4 + b 5 = 4 + 32 = 36
(C) Let f ( x) =| x + 2 | + | x + 1| + | x − 1| + | x − 2 |
d 3 y / dx 3
⇒ k can take value 2, 3, 4, 5. 3. (64) We have, =8
d 2 y / dx 2
−4x 4x d2y
⇒ ln = 8x + c
dx 2
4 − 2x 2x − 4
6 Or ln y2 = 8 x + c
Putting x = 0 we have,
−2 −1 1 2
c = log y2 (0) = ln1 = 0
dy ∴ ln y2 = 8 x
(D) ∫ y + 1 = ∫ dx
⇒ y2 = e8 x i.e.,
⇒ f ( x ) = 2e x − 1
e8 x
⇒ f (ln 2) = 3 y1 = +D
8

@iitjeehelps
428 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics
1
Again putting x = 0, then y1 (0) = + D  r4 
8 Then QR = 2 ⋅ QM = 2 {(OQ)2 − (OM ) 2 } = 2  r 2 − 
 100 
1
⇒ 0= +D P (6, 8)
8
1
∴ D=−
8
Q
e8 x 1 e8 x x M
⇒ y1 = − ⇒ y= − +E
8 8 64 8 r R
r
1 1
Putting x = 0, we have y (0) = −0+ E = O
(0, 0)
64 8
1 1 7
∴ E= − =
8 64 64 1
Area of ∆QPR = ⋅ QR ⋅ PM
e8 x x 7 (e8 x − 8 x + 7) 2
Hence, y = − + = ⇒ λ = 64
64 8 64 64
r 4  100 − r
2
1 
∴ ∆(say) = ⋅ 2  r 2 − ⋅
4. (5522) Since m1 and m2 are the roots of the equation 2  100  10
x 2 + ( 3 + 2) x + ( 3 − 1) = 0 r 2 (100 − r 2 )3
∴ ∆2 = = z (say)
Then m1 + m2 = −( 3 + 2), m1 m2 = ( 3 − 1) 1000
dz 1
∴ m1 − m2 = (m1 + m2 )2 − 4m1m2 = (3 + 4 + 4 3 − 4 3 + 4) = 11
∴ = {r 2 ⋅ 3(100 − r 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( −2r ) + (100 − r 2 )3 ⋅ 2r}
dr 1000
and coordinates of the vertices of the given triangle are 2r (100 − r 2 )2
(0, 0) (c / m1 , c ) and (c / m2 , c) = {100 − r 2 − 3r 2 }
1000
Hence, the required area of triangle dz
For maximum or minimum = 0, then we get
1 c c dr
= ×c − ×c
2 m1 m2 r = 5, ( r ≠ 10 as P is outside the circle)
d 2z
1  1 1  1 2 m2 − m1 1 11 And = −ve
= c2  − = c = c2 dr 2 r =5
2  m1 m2  2 m1m2 2 ( 3 − 1)
∴ Area of triangle is also maximum at r = 5.
1 11( 3 + 1)  33 + 11  2
= c2 =   c    
2 ( 3 − 1)( 3 + 1)  4  6. (1352) Let PV of P, A, B and C are p, a , b and c

33 11 respectively and O (0) be the circumcircle of the
On comparing, a = ,b=
4 4 equilateral triangle ABC.
  
11 33 a+b +c
or a = ,b= Then, =0 . . .(i)
4 4 3
33 11 44 11     26
∴ a 2 + b2 = + = = and | p | = | a | = | b | = | c |= unit . . .(ii)
16 16 16 4 3
11     
⇒ 2008( a 2 + b 2 ) = 2008 × = 502 ×11 = 5522 Now, | PA |2 = | a − p |2 = a 2 + p 2 − 2 a ⋅ p
4   
Similarly | PB |2 = b 2 + p 2 − 2b ⋅ p and
5. (5) Equation of chord of contact (QR ) is 6 x + 8 y − r 2 = 0   
| PC |2 = c 2 + p 2 − 2c ⋅ p
6 ⋅ 6 + 8⋅8 − r2 100 − r 2     
PM = = and ∴ Σ | PA |2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 3 p 2 − 2 p ( a + b + c )
(62 + 82 ) 10
= 6 p 2 − 0 [From equation (i) and (ii)]
0+0−r 2
r2 (26) 2
OM = = =6 = 2(26) 2 = 1352
(62 + 82 ) 10 3

@iitjeehelps
Mock Test-5 429
7. (4) Any point on the first line in symmetrical form is 11. (c) From graph, p = −1
(3r − 4, 5r − 6, − 2r + 1). If the lines are coplanar, this
point must lie on both the planes which determine the
second line.
–x+1 x–1
⇒ 3(3r − 4) − 2(5r − 6) − 2r + 1 + 5 = 0 . . .(i)
and 2(3r − 4) + 3(5r − 6) + 4(−2r + 1) − k = 0 . . .(ii)
0 1
From equation (i), we get r = 2
⇒ lim+ g ( x) = −1 ⇒ lim g (1 + h ) = −1
Now substituting r = 2 equation (ii), then k = 4 x →1 h→0

 hn 
8. (16) Let the equation of circle ⇒ lim   = −1
h →0 log cos m h
 
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + k = 0 . . .(i)
 n ⋅ h n−1  n  h n−1 
and the equation of the rectangular hyperbola is ⇒ lim   = −   lim   = −1, which holds if
h →0 m ⋅ ( − tan h)
   m  h→0  tan h 
xy = c 2 . . .(ii)
n = m = 2.
c
Put x = ct and y = in equation (i) 12. (a) g ( x + 1) = log( f ( x + 1) = log x + log( f ( x)) = log x + g ( x)
t
2 ⇒ g ( x + 1) − g ( x) = log x
Then c 2 t 2 + c2 + 2 gct + 2 fc + k = 0
t t 1
⇒ g ′′( x + 1) − g ′′( x) = −
⇒ c 2t 4 + 2 gct 3 + kt 2 + 2 fct + c 2 = 0 x2
This equation being fourth degree in t. Let the roots be  1 1
g ′′ 1 +  − g ′′   = −4
t1 , t2 , t3 , t4 then t1t2t3t4 = 1  2 2
∴ 16 t1t2t3t4 = 16 ×1 = 16  1  1 4
g ′′  2 +  − g ′′ 1 +  = − ..........
 2x   2  2 9
−1
 x + 1 − x2
−1
  1  1 4
9. (a) tan ( y ) = tan   g ′′  N +  − g ′′  N −  = −
 1 − x.2 x2   2  2 (2 N − 1)2
 1− x 
Summing up all terms
 3x − x3  3x − x3  1 1  1 1 
⇒ tan −1 ( y) = tan −1  2  ⇒ y = Hence, g ′′  N +  − g ′′   = −4 1 + + ... + .
2 
 1 − 3x  1 − 3x 2  2 2  9 (2 N − 1) 
h 1
10. (a) = e x (e 2 x − 1) ( Z 2 − 1)
AQ 3 13. (c) J − I = ∫ dx = ∫ 4 dz
e + e +1
4x 2x
z + z2 +1
P
 1
1 − 2  dz 1  e x + e − x − 1 
where z = e x = ∫ 
z 
= ln  x − x +c
 1
2
2  e + e +1 
 z +  −1
h  z
1  e2 x − e x + 1 
30° 45° 60° ∴ J − I = ln  2 x x  + c.
A B C Q 2  e + e +1
π π
⇒ AQ = 3 h x x x
14. (d) I = ∫ 1 + 4sin 2 − 4sin I = ∫ 1 − 2sin dx
2 2 2
Similarly, BQ = h 0 0

π
⇒ h 3
 x 
π
π
CQ = I = ∫  1 − 2sin dx + ∫ −  1 − 2sin dx
3  2   2
0 π

AB AQ − BQ ( 3 − 1)h
3
3
∴ = = = π
BC BQ − CQ  h  1  x3  x
π
h −  1 =  x + 4 cos  +  − x − 4 cos 
 3  2 0  2 π
3

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430 JEE-Main & Advanced Chapter-wise Solved Papers: Mathematics

π  3   π  3 18. (c) Plane is given by −( x + 1) − 7( y + 2) + 5( z + 1) = 0

1= + 4  − 1 −  π −  − 4  0 − 
3  2   3  2  ⇒ x + 7 y − 5z + 10 = 0
π 2π π 1 + 7 − 5 + 10 13
I= +2 3 −4− +2 3 = 4 3−4− ⇒ distance = = .
3 3 3 75 75

15. (a) Rearranging the equation we get, 19. (a) Let A, B, C and D be the complex numbers,
dp (t ) 1 2, − 2, 2i
= dt . . .(i)
p (t ) − 400 2
and − 2i respectively.
Integrating (1) on both sides we get
p ( t ) = 400 + k e t / 2 , PA2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2
⇒
QA2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2
where k is a constant of integration.
Using p (0) = 100, we get k = −300 | z1 − 2 |2 + | z1 − 2 |2 + | z1 − 2i |2 + | z1 − 2i |2 | z1 |2 +2 3
= = =
| z2 + 2 |2 + | z2 − 2 |2 + | z2 − 2i |2 + | z2 − 2i |2 | z1 | +2 4
2

∴ the relation is P (t ) = 400 − 300 e1/ 2

20. (c) AG = 2
16. (b) Inclination of line 3x + y = 1 is 150°
1
Inclination of line L = 150° ± 60° = 210°, 90° ∴ AT1 = T1G = [as A is the foucs,
2
Slope of line
T1 is the vertex and BD is the directrix of parabola].
1
L = tan 210° = tan 30° = Also T2T3 is latus return
3
Equation of = Line L
M D C
1
⇒ y+2= ( x − 3) T1 G
3 T2
A B
⇒ 3y − x + 3 + 2 3 = 0

i j k
17. (b) 3 1 2 = −iˆ − 7 ˆj + 5kˆ 1
∴ T2T3 = 4 ×
1 2 3 2
1 1 4
−iˆ − 7 ˆj + 5kˆ ∴ Area of ∆ T1 T2T3 = × × =1
Hence unit vector will be . 2 2 2
5 3

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