MICOORGANISM AND DISEASE

MICOORGANISM AND DISEASE
Micoorganism is living organism such as bacteria,fungi,and viruses.It’s to

small to be seen with naked eye but visible under a microscope.
FUNGI
[List of characteristics]
1.Fungi are eukaryotic,i.e. their cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles
2.Fungi have cell wall likes plants
3.Fungi are achlorophyllous,which means they lack the chlorophyll pigments

present in the chloroplast in plant cell and which are necessary for
photosynthesis
BACTERIA
WHAT IS BACTERIA ?
Bacteria are tiny living things.They are neither animals nor plants.They belong
to a group all by themselves.Bacteria are tiny single-cell
microorganisms,usually a few micrometers on length that normal exist
together in millions
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA.
It’s a gel-like matrix composed of water,enzymes,nutrients,wastes,and gases.It

contains cell structures such as ribosomes,a chromosome,and plasmids.The
cell envelope encases the cytoplasm and all it’s components.Unlike the
eukaryotic [true] cells,bacteria do not have a membrane enclosed nucleus.
USES OF BACTERIA
Streptococcus mutans are found in the mouth and help convert sugar into
lactis acid.Other types of beneficial bacteria such as bacillus subtilis are growth
and health of plants.Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacteria uses as a natural
pesticide for mosquitoes and caterpillars
BAD EFFECTS OF BACTERIA
Certain types of bacteria can cause diseases, such as, typhoid fever, syphilis,
cholera, tuberculosis and foodborne illnesses. Antibiotics are used to

killharmful bacteria and the diseases they cause.
PROTOCTISTA
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as a plant, animal,

or fungus. They are mostly unicellular, but some, like algae, are multicellular.
Kelp, or 'seaweed,' is a large multicellular protist that provides food, shelter,
and oxygen for numerous underwater ecosystems.
EXAMPLE OF ORGANISM
1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Trypanosoma brucei
3. Eimeria stiedae
VIRUSES
All viruses have a capsid or head region that contains its genetic material. The
capsid is made of proteins and glycoproteins. Capsid contruction varies greatly
among viruses, with most being specialized for a particular virus's host
organism. Some viruses, mostly of the type infecting animals, have a
membranous envelope surrounding their capsid. This allows viruses to penetrate
host cells through membrane fusion. The virus's genetical material rests inside
the capsid; that material can be either DNA, RNA, or even in some cases a
limited number of enzymes. The type of genetic material a virus contains is
used in classification, and is discussed in Virus Classification.
In addition to the head region, some viruses, mostly those that infect bacteria,
have a tail region. The tail is an often elaborate protein structure. It aids in
binding to the surface of the host cell and in the introduction of virus genetic
material to the host cell.
Virus "Life" Cycles
Figure%: Generalized Replication of Viruses
Though the details of virus infection and replication vary greatly with host type,
all viruses share 6 basic steps in their replication cycles. These are: 1)
attachment; 2) penetration; 3) uncoating; 4) replication; 5) assembly; 6)release.
As shown in , the virus must first attach itself to the host cell. This is usually
accomplished through special glycoprotiens on the exterior of the capsid,
envelope or tail. Next, penetration occurs, either of the whole virus or just the
contents of the capsid. If the entire capsid enters, the genetic material must be
uncoated to make it available to the cell's replication machinery. Replication of
genetic material takes place, as well as the production of capsid and tail
proteins. Once all of the necessary parts have been replicated, individual virus
particles are assembled and released. Release often takes place in a destructive
manner, bursting and killing the host cell.
Some viruses have a slightly more complicated replication cycle involving lytic
and lysogenic phases. The lytic phase is similar to that described above, with
virus particles infecting and being replicated. In the lysogenic phase, however,
viral genetic material that has entered the host cell becomes incorportated in the
cell and lies dormant. It is passed on to the progeny of the infected cells.
Eventually, the lytic phase will start again, and cells th at were never infected
themselves, but carry the viral genetic material will begin to produce new virus particles.
DECOMPOSERS
When plants and animals die, they become food for decomposers like bacteria,
fungi and earthworms. Decomposers or saprotrophs recycle dead plants and
animals into chemical nutrients like carbon and nitrogen that are released back
into the soil, air and water. ecomposition happens when decomposers such as
Bacteria, Fungi and Worms break down dead animals or plants into little
pieces. After a while these tiny pieces turn into nutritious soil. The nutrients
are used by plants and trees to grow. Pictures of Decomposers Examples of
decomposers:
Bacteria
Fungi (e.g. mushrooms and slime molds)
Worms
Slugs
Snails
Earthworms
Beetles
Millipedes
Freshwater Shrimp
Clams
What is Decomposition?
Facts
Bacteria and Fungi in the Food Chain
Why is it
Important to have Bacteria and Fungi?
Bacteria and fungi are important to us and the environment because they are
decomposers and break down dead plants and animals. Without them piles of
leaves and other dead things would be stacked on top of each other
everywhere. Then there would be more diseases because rotting things would
be everywhere with no one having a use for them.
Slime molds
The role of bacteria and fungi
YEAST
What is yeast?
a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by
budding, and capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
o a greyish-yellow preparation of the yeast fungus obtained chiefly

from fermented beer, used as a fermenting agent, to raise bread
dough, and as a food supplement.
o Biology
any unicellular fungus that reproduces vegetatively by budding or

fission, including forms such as candida that can cause disease.
plural noun: yeasts
structure of yeast and useful yeast.
Structure Function
Nucleus Contains genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration
Cell Allows gases and water to pass in and out of the cell while controlling the
membrane passage of other chemicals
Cell wall Provide rigidity to maintain cell shape
Cytoplasm Enzymes are made and reactions involved in respiration occur here
Mitochondria Contains enzymes for the reactions in aerobic respiration

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MICOORGANISM AND DISEASE

Micoorganism is living organism such as bacteria,fungi,and viruses.It’s to

2.Fungi have cell wall likes plants

3.Fungi are achlorophyllous,which means they lack the chlorophyll pigments

It’s a gel-like matrix composed of water,enzymes,nutrients,wastes,and gases.It

BAD EFFECTS OF BACTERIA

cholera, tuberculosis and foodborne illnesses. Antibiotics are used to

Protists are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as a plant, animal,

Virus "Life" Cycles

Figure%: Generalized Replication of Viruses

o a greyish-yellow preparation of the yeast fungus obtained chiefly

any unicellular fungus that reproduces vegetatively by budding or

plural noun: yeasts

structure of yeast and useful yeast.

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