KJSCE-SVU INTEGRATION FORMULA

INTEGRATION

d
1 Def : If dx (f(x)) = g (x) then ∫ g(x)dx = f(x) + c Where, c is called constant of integration

2 ∫(f(x) + g(x))dx = ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ g(x)dx

3 ∫(f(x) − g(x))dx = ∫ f(x)dx − ∫ g(x)dx

4 ∫ k f (x)dx = k ∫ f(x)dx Where , k = constant.

1
5 If ∫ f(x)dx = g(x) + c then, ∫ f(lx + m)dx = l g(lx + m) + c

f′ (x)
6 ∫ f(x) dx = log|f(x)| + c

f ′ (x)
7 ∫ √f(x) dx = 2√f(x) + c

n+1
n ′ (f(x))
8 ∫(f(x)) f (x)dx = +c
n+1

xn+1
9 ∫ x n dx = n+1
+ C Where, n ≠ -1

10 ∫ 1 dx = x + c

1 −1
11 ∫ x2 dx = x
+c

1
12 ∫ √x dx = 2√x + c

1
13 ∫ x dx = log|x| + c

14 ∫ ex dx = ex + c

ax
15 ∫ ax dx = log a + c Where, a > 0, a ≠ 1

16 ∫ cos x dx = sin x + c

17 ∫ sin x dx = − cos x + c

18 ∫ sec 2 x dx = tan x + c

19 ∫ cosec 2 x dx = − cot x + c

20 ∫ sec x tan x dx = secx + c

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21 ∫ cosec x cot x dx = −cosec x + c

1
22 ∫ √1−x2 dx = sin−1 x + c OR −cos −1 x + c

1
23 ∫ 1+x2 dx = tan−1 x + c OR −cot −1 x + c

1
24 ∫ x√x2 −1 dx = sec −1 x + c OR −cosec −1 x + c

25 ∫ tan x dx = log |sec x| + c = − log|cosx| + c

26 ∫ cot x dx = log|sin x| + c = − log|cosecx| + c

x π
27 ∫ sec x dx = log |sec x + tan x| + c = log |tan (2 + 4 )| + c

x
28 ∫ cosec x dx = log|cosec x − cot x| + c = log |tan 2| + c

1 1 x
29 ∫ x2 +a2 dx = a tan−1 (a) + c

1 1 a+x
30 ∫ a2 −x2 dx = 2a log |a−x| + c

1 1 x−a
31 ∫ x2 −a2 dx = 2a log |x+a| + c

1
32 ∫ √x2 +a2 dx = log|x + √x 2 + a2 | + c

1
33 ∫ √x2 −a2 dx = log|x + √x 2 − a2 | + c

1 x
34 ∫ √a2 −x2 dx = sin−1 (a) + c

x a2 x
35 ∫ √a2 − x 2 dx = 2 √a2 − x 2 + sin−1 (a) + c
2

x a2
36 ∫ √x 2 + a2 dx = 2 √x 2 + a2 + 2
log|x + √x 2 + a2 | + c

x a2
37 ∫ √x 2 − a2 dx = 2 √x 2 − a2 − 2
log|x + √x 2 − a2 | + c

38 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐

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Integral / Type Method

1. ∫ tan2 x dx Put tan2 x = sec 2 x − 1

2. ∫ cot 2 x dx Put cot 2 x = cosec 2 x − 1

1−cos 2 x
3. ∫ sin2 x dx Put sin2 x = ( 2
)

1+cos 2 x
4. ∫ cos2 x dx Put cos 2 x = ( 2
)

3 1
5. ∫ sin3 x dx Put sin3x = 4 sin 𝑥 − 4 sin(3x)

3 1
6. ∫ cos3 x dx Put cos 3 x = 4 cos x + 4 cos(3x)

1 1
∫ 1 ± sin x dx, ∫ sec x ±tan x dx
7. Rationalize it
1
∫ cosec x ±cot x dx

Either rationalize it or use half angle formula

1
8. ∫ 1 ±cos x dx x x
1 + cos x = 2 cos 2 (2) & 1 – cos x = 2 sin2 (2)

To integrate, the product of Sine

9. and sine, sine and cosine, cosine Use defactorisation formula
and cosine.

10. ∫ √1 ± sin x dx Use half angle formula, 1 ± sin 2θ = (cosθ ± sinθ)2

x
Use half angle formula,1 + cos x = 2cos2 (2),
11. ∫ √1 ± cos 𝑥 dx x
1– cos x = 2sin2 ( )
2
p(x)
∫ Q(x) dx Where P(x) and Q(x) are 1. Divide P(x) by Q(x)
12. polynomial in x 2. Write P(x) = quotient. Q(x) + remainder
(degree of P(x) ≥ degree of Q(x)) 3. Put value of P(x) in integral and take separate division.

If degree of 𝑃(𝑥) ≤ 1
1. Separate division & Separate integrals
𝑓′ (𝑥)
𝑃(𝑥) 2. Use ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐 and standard formulae.
∫ 𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏 𝑑𝑥 where 𝑃(𝑥) is a
13. If degree of 𝑃(𝑥) ≥ 2
polynomial in x.
1. First divide 𝑃(𝑥) 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏
2. Write P(x) = quotient (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏) + remainder
3. Put value of P(x) in integral and take separate division
and then integrate.

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P(x)
∫ P(x)√ax + b dx , ∫ √ax+b dx
Put (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑡
14. P(x)
∫ P(x)(ax + b)n dx, ∫ (ax+b)n dx

Where, P(x) is polynomial in x

d
1. write NR = A(DR)+B dx(DR)
a sin x+b cos x aex +b
∫ c sin x+d cos x dx , ∫ cex +d dx
2. Find A and B
15. 3. Put value of NR in integral.
Note : Answer is always 4. Take separate division and separate integral.
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |𝐷𝑅| + 𝑐 f ′ (x)
5. use ∫ f(x)
dx = log|f (x)| + 𝑐

sin(x+a) sin(x+a) 1. Adjust angle of DR in NR

∫ sin(x+b) dx , ∫ cos(x+b) dx
16. 2. Apply formula sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) in NR only.
cos(x+a) cos(x+a)
∫ sin(x+b) dx , ∫ cos(x+b) dx
3. Take separate division and Separate integral.

1. Multiply and divide by cos (b – a).

1
∫ dx 2. Write (b – a) = [(x − a) − (x − b)] in NR.
17. sin(x − a) cos(x − b)
3. Apply formula cos (A – B) in NR only.
4. Take separate division and Separate integral.

1 1. Multiply and divide by sin (b – a)

∫ dx
sin(x − a) sin(x − b) 2. Write (b – a) = [(x − a) − (x − b)] in NR.
18. 1 3. Apply formula sin (A – B) in NR only.
∫ dx
cos(x − a) cos(x − b) 4. Take separate division and Separate integral.
Note : In above method, instead of (b – a) we can take (a – b)

1. Find √a2 + b 2 = r
2. Divide and multiply by r in DR only.
1 a b a b
∫ dx 3. Put r = cos ∝ , r
= sin ∝ OR r
= sin ∝ , r = cos ∝
19. a sin x + b cos x
4. Put DR in form sin (A + B) OR In form cos (A + B).
5. use formula ∫ cosec dx 𝐎𝐑 ∫ secx dx
b a
6. Replace ∝= tan−1 (a) 𝐎𝐑 ∝= tan−1 (b)

(MT)2 1 2
1. Find LT = 4(FT)
OR = (2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)

1 1 When coefficient of 𝑥 2 is 1
20. ∫ dx , ∫
ax 2 + bx + c quadratic 2. Make complete square
1 1 1
3. Apply formula, ∫ dx , ∫ 2 2 dx , ∫ dx
x2 +a2 a −x x2 −a2

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d
1. Express 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 = 𝐴 (ax 2 + bx + c) + B
dx

2. Obtain the value of A and B by equating the coefficient of

like powers of x on both sides
linear lx+m
∫ quadratic , ∫ ax2 +bx+c dx d
21. 3. Replace 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 = 𝐴 dx (ax 2 + bx + c) + B in given integral
4. Take separate division and separate integral.
f ′ (x)
5. In one integral , use formula, ∫ dx = log|f(x)| + c
f(x)
1
6. In another integral, use type, ∫ quadratic

1 1. Divide NR and DR by cos2 x.

∫ dx
asin2 x + bcos2 x + c
2. Convert each term of DR in tanx using 1+tan2 θ = sec 2 θ.
22. 1
∫ dx 3. Put tanx = t.
asin2 x + bcos2 x
1 1 1
∫ asin2 x+c dx , ∫ bcos2 x+c dx 4. Convert integral into type ∫ quadratic

x
1. Put tan(2) = t (angle of tan is half of angle of sin & cos)
1
∫ a sin x+b cos x+c dx 1
2. dx = 2( ) dt
1 1+t2
23. ∫ a sin x+b cos x dx
2 tan(x⁄2) 2t 1− tan2 (x⁄2) 1−t2
3. sin x = = , Cos x = =
1 1 1+tan2 (x⁄2) 1+t2 1+tan2 (x⁄2) 1+t2
∫ a sin x +c dx , ∫ b cos x+c dx
1
4. Covert integral in type ∫ quadratic

1
24. ∫ 1 1 dx Put x = t 𝑙 Where 𝑙 is LCM of n and m.
x n +x m

Odd power of sin x or cos x 1. Separate one sin x or cos x.

2. Put remaining in terms of power of sin2 x or cos2 x.
25. ∫ sinn x dx , ∫ cos n x dx
3. Replace sin2 x = 1 − cos 2 x or cos 2 x = 1 − sin2 x
Where, n is odd natural number 4. Put cos x = t or sin x = t

Even power of sin x or cos x. 1. Write integrand in power of sin2 x or cos2 x.

26. ∫ sinn x dx, ∫ cosn x dx 2. Replace sin2 x = (
1−cos 2 x
) or cos 2 x = (
1+cos 2 x
)
2 2

Where, n is even natural number 3. Go to reducing power by step (2).

1. Separate one tan2 x 𝐨𝐫 cot 2 x.

Any power of tan x or cot x
2. Replace that tan2 x = sec 2 x − 1 or cot 2 x = cosec 2 x − 1.
27. ∫ tann x dx, ∫ cot n x dx 3. Separate integral.
4. In one integral put tan x = t or cot x = t
Where, n is even or odd.
5. In another integral, repeat above steps, if require.

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Even power of sec x or cosec x 1. Separate one sec 2 x 𝐨𝐫 cosec 2 x

2. Write remaining in power of sec 2 x or cosec 2 x.
n n
28. ∫ sec x dx, ∫ cosec x dx
3. Replace sec 2 x = 1 + tan2 x or cosec 2 x = 1 + cot 2 x .
Where, n is even natural number 4. Put tan x = t or cot x = t

Odd power of sec x or cosec x.

29. ∫ sec n x dx, ∫ cosec n x dx Use integration by parts.
Where, n = 3

If integrand Contains Substitute

1. √a2 − x 2 x = a sin θ, x = a cos θ

2. √x 2 − a2 x = a sec θ, x = a cosec θ
Example involving square root
30. 3. √a2 + x 2 x = a tan θ, x = a cot θ

4. √(a − x)⁄(a + x) x = a cos θ

5. √(a − x)⁄x x = a sin2 θ

6. √2ax − x 2 x = 2a sin2 θ

(MT)2 1 2
1. Find LT = 4(FT)
OR = (2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)
1 1
∫ , ∫ 2 dx When coefficient of 𝑥 2 is 1
√quadratic √ax +bx+c
31.
2. Adjust LT and make complete square.
1 1 1
3. Use formula ∫ dx , ∫ dx , ∫ dx
√x2 +a2 √x2 −a2 √a2 −x2

d
1. Express 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 = 𝐴 dx (ax 2 + bx + c) + B
2. Obtain the value of A and B by equating the coefficient
of like powers of x on both sides
d
3. Replace 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 = 𝐴 (ax 2 + bx + c) + B in the given
linear lx+m dx
∫ , ∫ 2 dx
32. √quadratic √ax +bx+c integral
4. Take separate division & separate integral.
5. In one integral, substitute quadratic = t or
f ′ (x)
use formula ∫ dx = 2√f(x) + c
√f(x)
1
6. In another integral, use type ∫
√quadratic

1 1
33. ∫ linear√linear ∫ (px+q)√ax+b dx Put ax + b = t 2 i.e. √linear = 𝑡

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1
∫ linear√quadratic 1
34. 1 Put px + q = t
∫ (px+q)√ax2 +bx+c dx

(MT)2 1 2
1. Find LT = 4(FT)
OR = (2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)

∫ √quadratic When coefficient of 𝑥 2 is 1

35. 2. Adjust LT and make complete square.
∫ √ax 2 + bx + c 𝑑𝑥
3. Use formula ∫ √x 2 + a2 dx , ∫ √x 2 − a2 dx ,

∫ √a2 − x 2 dx
d
1. Express 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 = 𝐴 (ax 2 + bx + c) + B
dx

2. Obtain the value of A and B by equating the coefficient

of like powers of x on both sides
∫ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟√quadratic d
3. Replace 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 = 𝐴 dx (ax 2 + bx + c) + B in the given
36.
∫(𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚)√ax 2 + bx + c 𝑑𝑥 integral
4. Take separate integral.
5. In one integral, substitute quadratic = t
6. In another integral, use type ∫ √quadratic

37. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTION :

distinct linear factor

px+q
(i) ∫ (x−a)(x−b) dx px+q A B
Express : (x−a)(x−b) = (x−a) + (x−b)

distinct linear factor

px2 +qx+r
(ii) ∫ (x−a)(x−b)(x−c) dx px2 +qx+r A B C
Express : (x−a)(x−b)(x−c) = (x−a) + (x−b) + (x−c)

repetitive linear factor

px+q
(iii) ∫ (x−a)2 dx px+q A B
Express : (x−a)2 = (x−a) + (x−a)2

repetitive linear factor

px2 +qx+r
(iv) ∫ (x−a)3 dx px2 +qx+r A B C
Express : (x−a)3
= (x−a) + (x−a)2 + (x−a)3

repetitive linear factor

px2 +qx+r
(v) ∫ (x−a)2 (x−b) dx px2 +qx+r A B C
Express : (x−a)2 (x−b) = (x−a) + (x−a)2 + (x−b)

px2 +qx+r
(vi) ∫ (x−a)(x2 +bx+c) dx Linear & quadratic factor

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px2 +qx+r A Bx+C

Express: (x−a)(x2 +bx+c) = (x−a) + (x2 +bx+c)

1. Multiply x inside the bracket.

Inside power 2. Divide NR and DR by x n+1 .
38. 1 3. Adjust derivative of DR in NR.
∫ x(axn +b) dx
f ′ (x)
4. Use formula ∫ f(x)
dx = log|f(x)| + c.

Outside power 1. Adjust x and (ax + b) in NR

39. 1 2. Take separate division and Separate integral
∫ dx
x n (ax + b) 3. Repeat above steps ‘n’ times.

INTEGRATION BY PARTS : du
∫ uv dx = u ∫ v dx − ∫ ( ∫ v dx) dx
40. To integrate, the product of two dx
different functions.

1. While using integration by parts we select the function ‘v’ such that ∫ v dx is easily possible
2. To select ‘u’ and ‘v’ we use LIATE rule
L – Log, I – Inverse, A – Algebraic, T –Trigo, E – Exponential
Function. We select ‘u’ as that function which come first in LIATE order
3. To integrate, sin−1 x, cos−1 x……..& log x we take v = 1 and apply integration by parts

𝑑
1. Find the function 𝑓(𝑥) such that [𝑓(𝑥)] = NR
𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥±cos 𝑥
2. Put 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡
41. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎+𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 3. Squaring 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡 obtain value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
1
4. Use type ∫
quadratic

x2 +1 1
42. ∫ x4 +1 dx Divide by 𝑥 2 and put (𝑥 ± 𝑥) = 𝑡

1. Multiply & divide by 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 into root

𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑥+𝑏
43. ∫√ , ∫√ 𝑑𝑥 linear
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑥+𝑑 2. Convert into type ∫
√quadratic

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DEFINITE INTEGRALS

1 b
If ∫ f(x)dx = g(x) + c, then ∫a f(x)dx = [g(x)]ba = g(b) − g(a)

2 b b b
∫a [f(x) ± g(x)]dx = ∫a f(x)dx ± ∫a g(x)dx

3 b b
∫a k. f(x)dx = k ∫a f(x)dx, where k is a constant.

4 𝑏 b du
∫𝑎 uv dx = (u ∫ v dx)ba − ∫a (dx ∫ v dx) dx

5 b b
∫a f(x)dx = ∫a f(t)dt

6 b a
∫a f(x)dx = − ∫b f(x)dx

7 b c b
If a < c < b, then ∫a f(x)dx = ∫a f(x)dx + ∫c f(x)dx

a a
8 ∫0 f(x)dx = ∫0 f(a − x)dx

9 b b
∫a f(x)dx = ∫a f(a + b − x)dx

2a a
10 ∫0 f(x)dx = ∫0 [f(x) + f(2a − x)]dx

2a a
11 ∫0 f(x)dx = 2 ∫0 f(x)dx if f(x) = f(2a − x)

a
12 a 2 ∫0 f(x)dx If f is an even functions
∫−a f(x)dx = {
0 If f is an odd functions

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