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3 D Display Methods

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17 views17 pages

3 D Display Methods

Uploaded by

Tirth Patel
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3D DISPLAY METHODS

3D DISPLAY METHODS

 The problem of representing a three-dimensional object or scene in a


two-dimensional medium – is known as the problem of projection.
 Viewing 3D objects on a 2D display requires a mapping from 3D to 2D.
 Ways of projecting objects onto the view plane:
 Parallel projection and
 Perspective projection.
3D PROJECTION
Planer
geometric
projection

Parallel projection Perspective projection

One Two Three


Orthographic Axonometric Oblique
point point point

Top isometric Cavalier

Front Diametric Cabinet

side Trimetric Other

Other
Parallel Projection
Basic Principles
 Used by drafters and engineers to create working drawings of an
object which preserves its scale and shape.
 In parallel projection, z-coordinate is discarded and parallel lines from
each vertex on the object are extended until they intersect the view
plane.
 The point of intersection is the projection of the vertex.
 We connect the projected vertices by line segments, which correspond
to connections on the original object.
Type of Parallel Projection
 There are two types, Depending on the relation between the direction of
projection and the normal to the view plane.
 Orthographic parallel projection.
 Oblique parallel projection
 When the direction of the projection is perpendicular to the view plane, we
have orthographic parallel projection.

 Otherwise, we have an oblique parallel projection.


ORTHOGRAPHIC PARALLEL PROJECTION

 Types of Orthographic parallel projection:


 Front projection
 Top projection
 side projection.

 In all these, the projection plane (view


plane) is perpendicular to the principle axis

Used : In engineering drawing to depict


machine parts, buildings and so on.
OBLIQUE PARALLEL PROJECTION

 If the direction of projection is not perpendicular to the projection plane


then it is an oblique projection.
OBLIQUE PARALLEL PROJECTION
 Types:

 Cavalier

 cabinet projections.

 Cavalier and cabinet projections differ by the

value used for the angle alpha.

 Angle alpha is defined as the angle between

the oblique projection line from (x, y, z) to


(xp, yp) and the line on the view plane from
(x, y) to (xp, yp) .

 Two commonly used values for

alpha = 45°, and alpha = 63.40°,


OBLIQUE PARALLEL PROJECTION
1) Cavalier projection:
 In, this direction of projection is chosen so that there is no foreshortening of lines
perpendicular to the xy plane.
 When alpha = 45 , the projection is a cavalier projection.

 all lines perpendicular to the projection plain are projected with no change in length.

 Alpha = 45°, tan (Alpha) = 1 , L1 = 1

2) Cabinet projection:
 The direction of projection is chosen so that lines perpendicular to the xy planes
are foreshortened by half their lengths.
 When alpha = 63.4°, the projection is labeled as a cabinet projection.

 Alpha= 63.40°, tan (Alpha) = 2 , L1 = 1 / 2


PARALLEL PROJECTION

 Axonometric orthographic projection:

The orthographic projection can display more than one face of


an object. Such orthographic projection is called axonometric
orthographic projection.
 It uses projection planes (view planes) that are not normal to a
principle axis.
 Parallelism of lines is preserved but angles are not.
Types of Axonometric projections
1) Isometric
The direction of projection makes equal angles with all of
the three principal axes
2) Dimetric
The direction of projection makes equal angles with exactly
two of the principal axes
3) Trimetric
The direction of projection makes unequal angles with the
three principal axes
TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

 The perspective projection of any set of parallel lines that are not parallel to the

projection plane converge to a vanishing point.

 The vanishing point for any set of lines that are parallel to one of the three principle

axes of an object is referred to as a principle vanishing point or axis vanishing

point.

 There are at most three such points, corresponding to the number of principle axes

cut by the projection plane.


PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
 The perspective projection is classified according to number of
principle vanishing points in a projection:
 one-point, two-points or three-point projections.

X axis Z axis
vanishing point. vanishing point.

Two point.
Perspective Projection

One point ( z axis )


Perspective Projection
Q. Write a note on Perspective projection ? 5m

Q. Compare & contrast Parallel and perspective

projection ? 5m

Q. Discuss types of projection in computer

graphics ? 10m

Q. Explain three dimensional display methods ? 10m


Difference between parallel and perspective
projection:

1. In parallel projection there is no vanishing point . In Perspective


projection there is vanishing point
2. If the distance between center of projection to the projection
plane is infinite the projection is parallel, while if it is finite the
projection is perspective
3. perspective views require a distance between a theoretical
camera and target point. Small distances produce harsh
perspective effects; large distances produce mild effects.
fig shows the same model in both a parallel projection and
perspective projection. Both are based on the same viewing
direction.
4. The parallel projection lacks the realistic effects of foreshortening.
which is an attribute of perspectivity
5. Describing perspective transformation we specify center of projection
while we specify direction in case of parallel projection

Fig
(a) parallel projection
(b) Perspective projection

A parallel projection is
perspective
projection with
center of projection
at infinite

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