Basic Integration Formulas
Basic Integration Formulas
∫ 1 dx = x + C
∫ xⁿ dx = (x^(n+1)) / (n+1) + C (for n ≠ -1)
∫ e^x dx = e^x + C
∫ a^x dx = (a^x) / ln(a) + C
∫ 1/x dx = ln|x| + C
∫ (1 / (x² + a²)) dx = (1/a) tan⁻¹(x/a) + C
∫ (1 / √(x² + a²)) dx = ln|x + √(x² + a²)| + C
∫ (1 / √(x² - a²)) dx = ln|x + √(x² - a²)| + C
∫ x / (x² + a²) dx = (1/2) ln|x² + a²| + C
∫ sinh(x) dx = cosh(x) + C
∫ cosh(x) dx = sinh(x) + C
∫ sin(x) dx = -cos(x) + C
∫ cos(x) dx = sin(x) + C
∫ tan(x) dx = ln|sec(x)| + C
∫ cot(x) dx = ln|sin(x)| + C
∫ sec(x) dx = ln|sec(x) + tan(x)| + C
∫ cosec(x) dx = ln|cosec(x) - cot(x)| + C
∫ sec²(x) dx = tan(x) + C
∫ cosec²(x) dx = -cot(x) + C
∫ sec(x)tan(x) dx = sec(x) + C
∫ cosec(x)cot(x) dx = -cosec(x) + C
∫ sin²(x) dx = (x/2) - (sin(2x)/4) + C
∫ cos²(x) dx = (x/2) + (sin(2x)/4) + C
∫ sin(mx) cos(nx) dx = [cos((m-n)x) - cos((m+n)x)] / 2(m² - n²) + C
∫ sin²(x) dx = (x/2) - (sin(2x)/4) + C
∫ cos²(x) dx = (x/2) + (sin(2x)/4) + C
∫ sin(mx) dx = -(1/m) cos(mx) + C
∫ cos(mx) dx = (1/m) sin(mx) + C
∫ sec³(x) dx = (1/2)(sec(x)tan(x) + ln|sec(x) + tan(x)|) + C
∫ cosec³(x) dx = -(1/2)(cosec(x)cot(x) + ln|cosec(x) - cot(x)|) + C