[WRITING TASK 2] (p.

30)
2-part Question essays
(p.30)
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.
What problems will this cause for individuals and society?
Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of
aging populations.
 budgets arise mitigate relation burden
retirement expect immigration actions

expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will

It is true that people in industrialised nations can (1)_______
mitigate these potential
undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to (2)________
problems.
As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, several related problems can be
retirement age who will be eligible to
anticipated. The main issue is that there will obviously be more people of (3)__________
receive a pension. The proportion of younger, working adults will be smaller, and governments will therefore receive
relation to the size of the population. In other words, an aging population will mean a
less money in taxes in (4)________
burden for working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demand for healthcare, and the
greater tax (5)_______
fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives.
actions that governments could take to solve the problems described above. Firstly, a simple
There are several (6)_______
solution would be to increase the retirement age for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this
age tend to be healthy enough to continue a productive working life. A second measure would be for governments to
immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from
encourage (7)___________
budgets will need to be taken from other areas and spent on vital healthcare, accommodation and
national (8)________
transport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens.
arise as the populations
In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to (9)_____
of countries grow older.
It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before.
Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies INTRODUCTION
can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.
As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, several
related problems can be anticipated. The main issue is that there will obviously be more
people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension. The proportion of
younger, working adults will be smaller, and governments will therefore receive less money
BODY 1
in taxes in relation to the size of the population. In other words, an aging population will
mean a greater tax burden for working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the
demand for healthcare, and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their
elderly relatives.
There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems described
above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age for working adults,
perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this age tend to be healthy enough to continue BODY 2
a productive working life. A second measure would be for governments to encourage
immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. Finally,
money from national budgets will need to be taken from other areas and spent on vital
healthcare, accommodation and transport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens.
In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to
CONCLUSION
arise as the populations of countries grow older.
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.
What problems will this cause for individuals and society?
Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of aging
populations.

It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than
ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative
consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these
potential problems.

In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that

are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.
Problems:
(Nouns): issues; difficulties; challenges; consequences; …
(Adjectives): potential problems; possible issues;
main/key/major issue; another issue/ further issues…
(Verbs): to solve/mitigate/tackle/handle/address the problems;
to deal with the problems
Solutions:
(Nouns): steps; measures; actions
(Adjectives): an ideal solution; a feasible/ possible/ viable
solution; a simple solution; a practical solution; short-term vs.
long-term solution
(Verbs): to take actions/steps/measures to (reduce/prevent/…);
implement a solution; suggest a solution; adopt/apply a solution
As people live longer and the populations (1) Topic sentence:
of developed countries grow older, several
X happens → some problems
related problems can be anticipated. The
main issue is that there will obviously be
(2 – 3) Main problem:
more people of retirement age who will be
eligible to receive a pension. The looking at two sides of the main problem
proportion of younger, working adults will
be smaller, and governments will therefore (3 – 4) Result:
receive less money in taxes in relation to
[Immediate] less tax money
the size of the population. In other words,
an aging population will mean a greater [Remote] more pressure on the young
tax burden for working adults. Further
pressures will include a rise in the demand
(5) Other problems:
for healthcare, and the fact young adults
will increasingly have to look after their [Society] demand for healthcare
elderly relatives. [Individuals] time to care for the old
[RESULT / EFFECT]
… therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the population.

Paraphrase:
The drug is studied for beneficial effects in terms of migraine.
The drug is studied for beneficial effects with regard to migraine.
The drug is studied for beneficial effects regarding migraine.
There are several actions that (1) Topic sentence:
governments could take to solve the Solutions for those problems above
problems described above. Firstly, a
simple solution would be to increase the (2) 1st solution + Example
retirement age for working adults, perhaps
from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this
age tend to be healthy enough to continue (3) Reason: why this solution works
a productive working life. A second
measure would be for governments to
(4) 2nd solution + Purpose
encourage immigration in order to increase
the number of working adults who pay
taxes. Finally, money from national (5) 3rd solution + Examples + Purpose
budgets will need to be taken from other
areas and spent on vital healthcare,
accommodation and transport facilities for
the rising numbers of older citizens.
[REASON / CAUSE]
 [EXAMPLES]

• (S+V), such as / including + (N)

• For example / For instance, (S+V)
PURPOSE
…in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. (to V)
…so as to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. (to V)
…in order that there will be more working adults who pay taxes. (S+V)
…so that there will be more working adults who pay taxes. (S+V)
Some parents buy their children whatever they ask for, and allow
their children to do whatever they want.
Is this a good way to raise children?
What consequences could this style of parenting have for children
as they get older?
 consideration lenient discipline before unwise
spoil regulate against in objective
spoil their children. In my opinion, this
It is true that some parents are overly permissive and tend to (1)_______
is not a good parenting style, and it can have a range of negative long-term consequences.
discipline
If parents want to raise respectful and well-behaved children, I believe that a certain amount of (2)_______
is necessary. Having worked with children myself, I have learnt that clear expectations and boundaries are
necessary, and it is important to be able to say ‘no’ to children when they misbehave or try to push
against these boundaries. This is the only way to help young people to (4)________
(3)________ regulate their desires and
develop self-control. In my view, parents who do the opposite and constantly give (5)___ in to their children’s
demands, are actually doing more harm than good. They are failing their children rather than being kind to
them.
lenient parents are likely to grow up with several negative personality
The children of indulgent or (6)_______
traits. The first and most obvious danger is that these children will become self-centred adults who show
consideration for the feelings or needs of others. One consequence of such an attitude could be
little (7)_____________
that these adults are unable to work successfully in teams with other colleagues. A second negative trait in
such people could be impulsiveness. A person who has never lived with any boundaries is likely to lack the
patience to carefully consider options before making decisions. This may lead, for example, to compulsive
unwise financial decisions, or even criminal activity.
shopping, (8)_______
In conclusion, parents should help their children to develop self-control and respect for others, and I do not
objective
believe that the permissive parenting style supports this (9)_________.
It is true that some parents are overly permissive and tend to spoil their children. In my
opinion, this is not a good parenting style, and it can have a range of negative long-term INTRODUCTION
consequences.
If parents want to raise respectful and well-behaved children, I believe that a certain amount
of discipline is necessary. Having worked with children myself, I have learnt that clear
expectations and boundaries are necessary, and it is important to be able to say ‘no’ to
children when they misbehave or try to push against these boundaries. This is the only way
BODY 1
to help young people to regulate their desires and develop self-control. In my view, parents
who do the opposite and constantly give in to their children’s demands, are actually doing
more harm than good. They are failing their children rather than being kind to them.
The children of indulgent or lenient parents are likely to grow up with several negative
personality traits. The first and most obvious danger is that these children will become self-
centred adults who show little consideration for the feelings or needs of others. One
consequence of such an attitude could be that these adults are unable to work successfully BODY 2
in teams with other colleagues. A second negative trait in such people could be
impulsiveness. A person who has never lived with any boundaries is likely to lack the
patience to carefully consider options before making decisions. This may lead, for example,
to compulsive shopping, unwise financial decisions, or even criminal activity.
In conclusion, parents should help their children to develop self-control and respect for
CONCLUSION
others, and I do not believe that the permissive parenting style supports this objective.
[INTRO]
It is true that some parents are overly permissive and tend to spoil their
children. In my opinion, this is not a good parenting style, and it can have a
range of negative long-term consequences.
…
[CONCLUSION]
In conclusion, parents should help their children to develop self-control
and respect for others, and I do not believe that the permissive parenting
style supports this objective.
[BODY 1]
If parents want to raise respectful and well-behaved children, I believe that
a certain amount of discipline is necessary. Having worked with children
myself, I have learnt that clear expectations and boundaries are
necessary, and it is important to be able to say ‘no’ to children when they
misbehave or try to push against these boundaries. This is the only way to
help young people to regulate their desires and develop self-control. In my
view, parents who do the opposite and constantly give in to their children’s
demands, are actually doing more harm than good. They are failing their
children rather than being kind to them.
[BODY 2]
The children of indulgent or lenient parents are likely to grow up with
several negative personality traits. The first and most obvious danger is
that these children will become self-centred adults who show little
consideration for the feelings or needs of others. One consequence of
such an attitude could be that these adults are unable to work successfully
in teams with other colleagues. A second negative trait in such people
could be impulsiveness. A person who has never lived with any boundaries
is likely to lack the patience to carefully consider options before making
decisions. This may lead, for example, to compulsive shopping, unwise
financial decisions, or even criminal activity.
In education and employment, some people work harder than others.
Why do some people work harder?
Is it always a good thing to work hard?
 similarly push means obsession worth
ethic parental effortless neglect realm
push themselves, and there
It is true that some people are hard-working and diligent while others prefer not to (1)_______
could be various reasons for these different attitudes. In my view, a positive work (2)______
ethic is desirable up to a point,
but too much hard work can be counterproductive and even unhealthy.
In my experience, there are three main factors that influence how hard people study or work. One key factor that drives
parental pressure. Some medical students, for
people and makes them more studious and goal-oriented is (3)_________
example, are motivated to study hard because they do not wish to disappoint family members who expect them to
means
graduate successfully and become doctors. On the other hand, there are people who see hard work as a (4)_______
to escape poverty or create a completely new life for themselves. Finally, it seems to me that some people are more
driven and persistent as students or workers simply because they have found a subject or job that they truly enjoy;
effortless
people who love their work describe it as (5)____________ rather than hard.
realm
When a person is described as hard-working, this is almost always seen as a positive trait or attitude. In the (6)______
of education, we expect hard workers to diligently follow instructions, pass their exams, achieve good grades and take
their first steps on the path to a successful career. Similarly, in an employment setting, we expect the most motivated,
industrious and committed individuals to rise to the top and become leaders or experts in their fields. However, I
obsession with perfection,
believe that in some people the desire to work hard can become an unhealthy (7)__________
neglect family and relationships or
outcompeting others or being the best. When people work so hard that they (8)________
become stressed and irritable, a positive trait has surely become detrimental.
In conclusion, some people work harder than others in order to meet family expectations, to raise their financial status,
or to indulge in their lifelong passion. Nonetheless, working hard but neglecting one’s health and family might not be a
worth taking.
risk (9)_______
It is true that some people are hard-working and diligent while others prefer not to push
themselves, and there could be various reasons for these different attitudes. In my view, a INTRODUCTION
positive work ethic is desirable up to a point, but too much hard work can be counterproductive
and even unhealthy.
In my experience, there are three main factors that influence how hard people study or work.
One key factor that drives people and makes them more studious and goal-oriented is parental
pressure. Some medical students, for example, are motivated to study hard because they do not
wish to disappoint family members who expect them to graduate successfully and become BODY 1
doctors. On the other hand, there are people who see hard work as a means to escape poverty
or create a completely new life for themselves. Finally, it seems to me that some people are
more driven and persistent as students or workers simply because they have found a subject or
job that they truly enjoy; people who love their work describe it as effortless rather than hard.
When a person is described as hard-working, this is almost always seen as a positive trait or
attitude. In the realm of education, we expect hard workers to diligently follow instructions, pass
their exams, achieve good grades and take their first steps on the path to a successful career.
Similarly, in an employment setting, we expect the most motivated, industrious and committed BODY 2
individuals to rise to the top and become leaders or experts in their fields. However, I believe that
in some people the desire to work hard can become an unhealthy obsession with perfection,
outcompeting others or being the best. When people work so hard that they neglect family and
relationships or become stressed and irritable, a positive trait has surely become detrimental.
In conclusion, some people work harder than others in order to meet family expectations, to
raise their financial status, or to indulge in their lifelong passion. Nonetheless, working hard but CONCLUSION
neglecting one’s health and family might not be a risk worth taking.
[INTRO]
It is true that some people are hard-working and diligent while others
prefer not to push themselves, and there could be various reasons for
these different attitudes. In my view, a positive work ethic is desirable up to
a point, but too much hard work can be counterproductive and even
unhealthy.
…
[CONCLUSION]
In conclusion, some people work harder than others in order to meet
family expectations, to raise their financial status, or to indulge in their
lifelong passion. Nonetheless, working hard but neglecting one’s health
and family might not be a risk worth taking.
[BODY 1]
In my experience, there are three main factors that influence how hard
people study or work. One key factor that drives people and makes them
more studious and goal-oriented is parental pressure. Some medical
students, for example, are motivated to study hard because they do not
wish to disappoint family members who expect them to graduate
successfully and become doctors. On the other hand, there are people
who see hard work as a means to escape poverty or create a completely
new life for themselves. Finally, it seems to me that some people are more
driven and persistent as students or workers simply because they have
found a subject or job that they truly enjoy; people who love their work
describe it as effortless rather than hard.
[BODY 2]
When a person is described as hard-working, this is almost always seen
as a positive trait or attitude. In the realm of education, we expect hard
workers to diligently follow instructions, pass their exams, achieve good
grades and take their first steps on the path to a successful career.
Similarly, in an employment setting, we expect the most motivated,
industrious and committed individuals to rise to the top and become
leaders or experts in their fields. However, I believe that in some people
the desire to work hard can become an unhealthy obsession with
perfection, outcompeting others or being the best. When people work so
hard that they neglect family and relationships or become stressed and
irritable, a positive trait has surely become detrimental.
Many people decide on a career path early in their lives and keep to
it. This, they argue, leads to a more satisfying working life.
To what extent do you agree with this view?
What other things can people do in order to have a satisfying
working life?
 rewarding means regardless professions
sense rest undertake defined conditions

It is true that some people know from an early age what career they want to pursue, and they are happy to spend the
rest of their lives in the same profession. While I accept that this may suit many people, I believe that others
(1)_______
enjoy changing careers or seeking job satisfaction in different ways.
defined career path can certainly lead to a satisfying working life. Many people
On the one hand, having a (2)__________
sense of satisfaction to work
decide as young children what they want to do as adults, and it gives them a great (3)________
towards their goals and gradually achieve them. For example, many children dream of becoming doctors, but to realise
undertake years of training. In my experience, very
this ambition they need to gain the relevant qualifications and (4)__________
rewarding
few people who have qualified as doctors choose to change careers because they find their work so (5)___________,
and because they have invested so much time and effort to reach their goal.
On the other hand, people find happiness in their working lives in different ways. Firstly, not everyone dreams of doing
professions
a particular job, and it can be equally rewarding to try a variety of (6)_____________; starting out on a completely new
career path can be a reinvigorating experience. Secondly, some people see their jobs as simply a means of earning
money, and they are happy if their salary is high enough to allow them to enjoy life outside work. Finally, job
conditions rather than the career itself. For example, a positive working
satisfaction is often the result of working (7)___________,
atmosphere, enthusiastic colleagues, and an inspirational boss can make working life much more satisfying,
regardless
(8)______________ of the profession.
In conclusion, it can certainly be satisfying to pursue a particular career for the whole of one’s life, but this is by no
means the only route to fulfillment.
(9)________
It is true that some people know from an early age what career they want to pursue, and they are
happy to spend the rest of their lives in the same profession. While I accept that this may suit INTRODUCTION
many people, I believe that others enjoy changing careers or seeking job satisfaction in different
ways.
On the one hand, having a defined career path can certainly lead to a satisfying working life.
Many people decide as young children what they want to do as adults, and it gives them a great
sense of satisfaction to work towards their goals and gradually achieve them. For example, BODY 1
many children dream of becoming doctors, but to realise this ambition they need to gain the
relevant qualifications and undertake years of training. In my experience, very few people who
have qualified as doctors choose to change careers because they find their work so rewarding,
and because they have invested so much time and effort to reach their goal.
On the other hand, people find happiness in their working lives in different ways. Firstly, not
everyone dreams of doing a particular job, and it can be equally rewarding to try a variety of
professions; starting out on a completely new career path can be a reinvigorating experience. BODY 2
Secondly, some people see their jobs as simply a means of earning money, and they are happy
if their salary is high enough to allow them to enjoy life outside work. Finally, job satisfaction is
often the result of working conditions, rather than the career itself. For example, a positive
working atmosphere, enthusiastic colleagues, and an inspirational boss can make working life
much more satisfying, regardless of the profession.
In conclusion, it can certainly be satisfying to pursue a particular career for the whole of one’s CONCLUSION
life, but this is by no means the only route to fulfillment.
[WRITING TASK 2]
2-part Question essays
• Problem-Solution
• Cause-Effect
• Opinion (Agree-Disagree/ Positive-Negative)