CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:

TYPE IF- CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

I PRESENT SIMPLE SIMPLE FUTURE
Có thật / có thể xảy ra S + V (s/es) PRESENT SIMPLE

e.g: If you study harder, You will pass the exams easily.
II PAST SIMPLE
Không thật / không S + V (-ed/ 2) S + WOULD/ COULD + V(-to)
xảy ra ở hiện tại S + were …
e.g.: If I had 1 billion dollars, I would give the disabled a half.
III PAST PERFECT
Không xảy ra trong S + had + past participle S + WOULD / COULD + HAVE + P.P
quá khứ
e.g.: If he had come with us last night, He would have had a lot of fun.

NOTES:
1. If ....... not = Unless (trừ khi)
Ex.: If you don’t study harder, you’ll fail the final exam.
Unless you study harder, you will fail the final exam.
2 . Trong câu điều kiện ngoài “ If” và “Unless”, ta còn có: As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/
Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện) / in case (phòng khi),
suppose /supposing that ( giả sử là), without/ but for (nếu không có)
Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car.
= If you drive carefully, you can use my car.
3. Câu điều kiện 1 :
a/ If + S + V(simple present) , Imperative (mệnh lệnh)
Ex:If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me.
b/ Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or/ or else / otherwise + S + V(simple future).
Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark.
= If you don't prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark.
c/ If + S + V(simple present) , S + V(simple present)
→ diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên (If=When=Whenever)
Ex: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green
4. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện :
a/ Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện 1
- Bỏ If
- Đưa "should" ra trước chủ ngữ
Ex : If you should need help, you can phone me => Should you need help, you can phone me
b/ Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện 2
- Bỏ If
- Đưa "Were" ra trước chủ ngữ
Ex: If I were you , I would eat less. => Were I you, I would eat less.
If I stayed at home now, I would be happy. => Were I to stay at home now, I would be happy.
c/ Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 3:
- Bỏ If
- Had + S (not) + V3/ed
Ex:If I hadn't been careful, I would have had an accident last night.
=>Had I not been careful, I would have had an accident last night.
5.Câu điều kiện pha trộn: Loại III + Loại II / Loại II + Loại III
Ex: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.
=>If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.
Ex : He is always late for work, so he was dismissed last week.
=>If he weren’t always late for work, he wouldn’t have been dismissed last week.
CHOOSE THE BEST OPTIONS

1. You cannot get higher results ___________

A. if you work harder B. unless you work harder
C. if you worker harder D. unless you will not work harder
2……………. she agreed, you would have done it. ( A. If B. had C. Should D. Would)
6. If I…………………….. time, I will help you ( A. have B. had C. had had D. will have)
3. If we took the 10:30 train we _____ arrive early. (A. should. B. may C. will D. would)
4. What will happen if the air _____? (A. was polluted B. be polluted C. is polluted D. has polluted)
5. Peter would have caught the train if he ________ to the station on time.
A. gets B. had got C. got D. has got
6. If I ……………….a lot of money now, I ………………..buy a new car
A. have- will buy B. have- would buy C. had- will buy D. had- would buy
8. Of course I am not you, but if I…………….you, I do that
A. am- will B. were- will C. were- would D. had been- would
9. If you………………. here yesterday, you……………………… me
A. were- would meet B. had been- would meet C. were- would have met D. had been- would have met
10. If I had been offered the job, I think I ………………it.
A. take B. will take C. would take D. would have taken
11. I would be very surprised if he…… to take that post
A. refuses B. refused C. had refused D. would refuse
12. Many people will be out of work if that factory……… down someday
A. closes B. closed C. had closed D. would close
13. If he sold her car, she …………………..much money.
A. gets. B. will get C. would get D. would have got
14. They would be disappointed if we…………………..on time for the meeting.
A. hadn’t come B. wouldn’t come C. don’t come D. didn’t come
15. Will George be angry if I …. his bicycle without asking? A. take B. took C. hadtaken D. will take
16. She ………….terribly upset if I lost this ring A. will be B. would be C. were D. had been
17. If someone………….. in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.
A. would walk B. had walked C. walks D. walked
18. What would happen if you………….. to work tomorrow?
A. don’t go B. won’t go C. didn’t go D. wouldn’t go
19. I’m sure she …………………..if you had explained the situation to her.
A. would understand B. will understand C. had understood D. would have understood
21. I am flying to the States tonight. I ______ you a ring if I can find a phone.
A. will give B. would give C. could give D. have given
22.If I ______ l0 years younger, I ______ the job.
A. am/ will take B. was / have taken C. had been / will have taken D. were/ would take
23. _______ I had learnt English when I was at high school. (A. Unless B. Even if C. If D. If only)
24. You are not allowed to use the club’s facilities _____ you are a member.
A. unless B. if C. provided D.supposed
25. If she _______ the train last night, she……………………….. here now.
A. took/were B. were taking / is C. had taken / would have been D. had taken / would be

26. _______ if a war happened?

A. What you would do B. What would you do C. What will you do D. What will you do
27. I would send her a fax if I _______ her number. (A. know B. knew C. had known D. could know
28. Without your recommendation, we _______ any success last year.
A. had not got B. did not get C. will not have got D. would not have got
29. Tom’s company will almost certainly fire him ____he improves his attitude.
A. unless B. or C. otherwise D. if
30. If you hear from Susan today, ________ her to ring me.
A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. will tell
GIVE THE CORRECT VERB FORMS
1. If she (read)………………………..… in bad light, she’ll ruin her eyes.
2. He’ll be late for the bus if he (not start)……………………..……. at once.
3. Jim isn’t at home right now. If he (be)……………………. at home, I (visit)……………… him.
4. Fred failed the test because he didn’t study. However, if he (study)…………..………. for the test, he
(pass)……………………..….. it.
5. I (accept)………………….…….. if they invite me to the party.
6. If you (do)………………….….. as I told you, you (succeed)………………………………….
7. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak)………….………. more slowly.
8. We could go for a drive if today (be)…………………..…. Sunday.
9. If I (realize) ………………………. that the traffic light were red, I (stop)……………..…………
10. I (not do)……………………….…. that if I (be)………………..………… you.
REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING AN IF CONSTRUCTION AS THE EXAMPLE.
1. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=>If………………………………………… ……………………………….…
2. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If………………………………………… ………………………………..
3. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If………………………………………… …………………………..…..
4. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If………………………………………… ……………………………..
5. Drive carefully or you will cause accident.
=>If ………………………………………………………………………..………
6. Be quiet or you’ll wake the baby up
=>If ………………………………………………………………………...……….
7. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If………………………………………… ……………………………….…..
8. Unless you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
=>If ………………………………………………………………………...………
9. I didn't see the signal, so I didn't stop.
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
10. She didn't know you were in hospital, so she didn't visit you.
=>…………………………………………………………………………………
11. She didn't speak to him, possibly because she was so shy.
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I don’t have enough free time, I can’t help my mother with the housework.
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
13. I don’t take the bus to school every morning because it is so crowded.
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
14. I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If………………………………………… …………………………………………
15. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If………………………………………… …………………………………………..
16. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If………………………………………… …………………………………………...
17. She got married at such an early age: otherwise, she would be at university now.
=>Had ……………………………………………………………………………………...
18. The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.
=> Were I…………………………………………………………………………….………
19. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home
=>If it ……………………………………………………………………………………..
20. If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.
=> But for……….……………………………………………………………………….…