1.

Explain various functions available in Microsoft Excel

2.Explain various cell references in Microsoft Excel

3.Explain Sorting and filter data in Microsoft Excel

4.Explain Various charts available in Microsoft Excel

5.Explain Autofill and Flash Fill in Microsoft Excel

6.What are various types of errors occurred during using formulas in

Microsoft Excel

7.Explain Error handling in Microsoft Excel

8.Explain the steps to perform Conditional formatting in Microsoft Excel

9 .Explain Data validation in Microsoft Excel

10. Explain drop-down lists in Microsoft Excel

11.Explain the process to protect work book and work sheets in Microsoft
Excel

12.Explain the process to Importing data into excel

13.Explain Pivot Tables and Charts

14.Expain VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP

15.What is a macro and Write a program in VBA

1. Various Functions Available in Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel offers a wide variety of functions for different purposes.

Here are some key categories:

Mathematical Functions: SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, ROUND, COUNT,

COUNTA, PRODUCT.

Text Functions: CONCATENATE, LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LEN, UPPER, LOWER,

TRIM, FIND, REPLACE.

Logical Functions: IF, AND, OR, NOT, IFERROR, SWITCH.

Lookup and Reference Functions: VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH,

OFFSET, CHOOSE.

Date and Time Functions: NOW, TODAY, DATE, YEAR, MONTH, DAY,
DATEDIF, NETWORKDAYS.

Financial Functions: PV, FV, NPV, IRR, PMT, RATE.

Statistical Functions: STDEV, VAR, AVERAGEIF, COUNTIF, MEDIAN,

PERCENTILE.
Information Functions: ISBLANK, ISNUMBER, ISERROR, ISNA, TYPE.

2. Various Cell References in Microsoft Excel

In Excel, cell references are used to refer to data in cells. There are three
main types:

Relative Reference (e.g., A1): The reference adjusts when you copy or
move the formula to another cell.

Absolute Reference (e.g., $A$1): The reference remains fixed, no matter

where you copy or move the formula.

Mixed Reference (e.g., $A1 or A$1): Either the row or the column is fixed,
while the other is relative. $A1 keeps the column fixed, and A$1 keeps the
row fixed.

3. Sorting and Filtering Data in Microsoft Excel

Sorting: Sorting arranges the data in a particular order, either ascending

or descending. You can sort based on text, numbers, or dates by selecting
the data range and choosing the Sort options from the Data tab.

Filtering: Filtering displays only the rows that meet certain criteria. You can
apply filters to your data by clicking the filter icon in the header row and
selecting specific criteria.

4. Various Charts Available in Microsoft Excel

Excel provides various chart types to visualize data:

Column Chart: Displays data as vertical bars.

Bar Chart: Displays data as horizontal bars.

Line Chart: Shows trends over time (great for time series data).

Pie Chart: Shows data as a percentage of the whole.

Area Chart: Displays cumulative data.

Scatter Plot: Shows relationships between two variables.

Doughnut Chart: Similar to a pie chart but with a hole in the middle.

Combo Chart: Combines two or more chart types in one.

5. Autofill and Flash Fill in Microsoft Excel

Autofill: Autofill automatically fills a series of data (numbers, dates, text

patterns) based on an initial selection. You can drag the fill handle (the
small square at the bottom-right corner of a selected cell) to fill adjacent
cells.

Flash Fill: Flash Fill automatically fills data when it detects a pattern. For
instance, if you start typing the first name from a full name, Flash Fill will
suggest the remaining names, and you can press Enter to accept the fill.

6. Various Types of Errors Occurred During Using Formulas in Microsoft

Excel

Common formula errors in Excel include:

#DIV/0!: Division by zero.

#VALUE!: Wrong data type used in the formula.

#REF!: Invalid cell reference (e.g., if a referenced cell is deleted).

#NAME?: Incorrect function name or undefined range.

#NUM!: Invalid number, such as a negative square root.

#N/A: Value not available for a function or formula.

7. Error Handling in Microsoft Excel

You can handle errors using the IFERROR or IFNA functions to display a
custom message or value when an error occurs in a formula. For example:

=IFERROR(A1/B1, “Error: Division by Zero”) will display a custom message

if an error occurs during division.

8. Steps to Perform Conditional Formatting in Microsoft Excel

Select the cells you want to format.

Go to the Home tab and click Conditional Formatting.

Choose the type of rule you want (e.g., Highlight Cells Rules, Data Bars,
Color Scales).
Set the conditions for the formatting (e.g., cells greater than a certain
value).

Apply the format and click OK.

9. Data Validation in Microsoft Excel

Data validation allows you to control what data can be entered into a cell.
To set it:

Select the cell(s) where you want validation.

Go to Data > Data Validation.

Set the validation criteria (e.g., allow only whole numbers, dates within a
range).

Optionally, set an input message and error alert to guide the user.

10. Drop-Down Lists in Microsoft Excel

You can create drop-down lists to restrict data entry to a specific set of
options:

Select the cells where you want the list.

Go to Data > Data Validation.

In the Validation Criteria, choose List and enter the options, either directly
or by selecting a range of cells.

11. Process to Protect Workbook and Worksheets in Microsoft Excel

To protect a workbook or worksheet:

For a worksheet, go to Review > Protect Sheet. Set a password (optional)

to prevent others from editing the sheet.

To protect the workbook, go to File > Info > Protect Workbook > Encrypt
with Password.

12. Process to Import Data into Excel

To import data:

Go to Data > Get & Transform Data > Get Data.

Choose the data source (e.g., From Text/CSV, From Web, From Access).

Select the file or source and follow the prompts to load the data into Excel.

13. Pivot Tables and Charts

Pivot Tables: Pivot tables summarize large datasets by allowing you to
arrange and analyze data dynamically. To create one, select your data and
go to Insert > Pivot Table.

Pivot Charts: These are charts that are linked to a pivot table. They allow
visual representation of the data summarized in the pivot table.

14. VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP

VLOOKUP: Used to search for a value in the first column of a range and
return a value in the same row from another column. Example:
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]).

HLOOKUP: Similar to VLOOKUP but searches horizontally in the top row of

a table and returns a value from the specified row. Example:
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup]).

15. What is a Macro and Write a Program in VBA

Macro: A macro is a set of instructions or actions that automate repetitive

tasks in Excel. Macros are written using VBA (Visual Basic for
Applications).

VBA Program Example: A simple VBA code to show a message box:

VBA

Sub ShowMessage()

MsgBox “Hello, Excel!”

End Sub

To create a macro, go to Developer > Visual Basic > Insert > Module, then
paste and run your code.