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Unit 2 Computer Networks

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17 views3 pages

Unit 2 Computer Networks

Uploaded by

Kushagra Bhardwaj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 2: Computer Networks (Class 12 Computer Science)

Definition:

A computer network is a system where multiple computing devices are connected to share

resources, data,

and applications. These interconnected devices communicate using defined protocols.

Key Topics:

1. Types of Networks

- LAN (Local Area Network): Small geographical area, high-speed (e.g., Office networks).

- WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large areas, slower than LAN (e.g., Internet).

- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Intermediate range, spans a city (e.g., Cable TV network).

2. Network Devices

- Switch: Connects devices in a network and uses MAC addresses to forward data.

- Router: Connects different networks and routes data packets.

- Hub: Basic device broadcasting data to all devices.

- Modem: Converts digital signals to analog for phone lines and vice versa.

- Access Point: Extends a wireless network.

3. Network Protocols

- HTTP: For web communication.

- FTP: Used for file transfer.

- SMTP: Sending emails.

- TCP/IP: Foundation of internet communication.


4. Network Topologies

- Bus: All devices connected to a single cable.

- Star: Devices connected to a central hub.

- Ring: Devices form a circular chain.

- Mesh: Every device interconnected.

- Hybrid: Combination of topologies.

5. IP Addressing

- IPv4: 32-bit addressing (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

- IPv6: 128-bit addressing.

- Types: Public/Private IP, Static/Dynamic IP.

6. Cybersecurity

- Threats: Phishing, Malware, Ransomware, Hacking.

- Measures: Firewalls, antivirus software, strong passwords, 2FA.

Python in Networking:

Python can be used for scripting, testing, and creating network tools.

Example Code: Simple HTTP Server

```python

from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler

host = "localhost"

port = 8080

server = HTTPServer((host, port), SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)


print(f"Server started at http://{host}:{port}")

server.serve_forever()

```

Practice Questions

Theory Questions:

1. Define a computer network. What are its advantages?

2. Explain the differences between LAN, MAN, and WAN.

3. Describe three network topologies with diagrams.

4. What is the difference between a switch and a router?

5. List and explain five common network protocols.

Python-Based Questions:

1. Write a Python script to demonstrate simple client-server communication using the `socket`

module.

2. Create a Python program to check if a given IP address is valid.

3. Explain how Python's `http.server` module is used in networking.

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