Group Members:

NAME ROLL NO
Hashir Ahmed 22fa-069-Se
Syed Mehdi 22fa-019-Se
Khubaib Raza 22fa-001-Se

Topic : Switching Networks

REPORT WRITING
Table of Contents
Introduction :........................................................................................................................................................................1
Switching :............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Types Of Switching :.............................................................................................................................................................1
1) Circuit Switching :.........................................................................................................................................................1
Working :...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Advantages :.................................................................................................................................................................1
Disadvantages :.............................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction :
Switching networks are an important part of modern communication systems. They help connect devices
and transfer data efficiently, making it possible for us to use phones, the internet, and other digital services. As
the need for faster and more reliable communication grows, switching networks have become more advanced.

This report explains the basics of switching networks, how they work, and the different types, such as circuit
switching and packet switching. It also looks at how these networks are used in everyday life and how they
improve communication by saving time, reducing costs, and handling large amounts of data.

Switching :
Switching is a method used in networks to send data from one device to another. It decides the best path for the
data to travel and ensures it reaches the correct destination. Switching helps multiple devices communicate efficiently
without delays or confusion, whether it’s for a phone call, a video, or sending files over the internet.

Types Of Switching :
Depending on how data is transferred, switching can be categorized into two types. Each type has distinct
features and is suited for specific applications.

I. Circuit Switching .
II. Packet Switching .

1) Circuit Switching :
Circuit switching is a way of sending data where a direct and dedicated path is created between the sender and
receiver before communication begins. This path is used only by them for the entire conversation, like in traditional
telephone calls.

Working :
 Setting Up the Path: A connection is created
between the sender and receiver before data transfer
starts.
 Data Transfer: Data flows continuously through the
reserved path.
 Ending the Connection: Once the communication is
finished, the connection is closed, and the path is
freed up for others.

Advantages :
 Reliable Connection:
 The connection stays active and steady throughout the call or communication, with no
interruptions.
 Real-Time Communication:
Circuit switching works well for things like phone or video calls where data needs to flow
continuously without delays.

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  No Data Loss:
Since the path is dedicated, all the data travels directly to the receiver without getting lost or
delayed.
 Easy to Use:
Data flows in a smooth and steady way, so there’s no need to break it into smaller parts or put it
back together at the other end.
 Guaranteed Quality:
The reserved path ensures there’s enough space (bandwidth) for the communication, so the
quality remains consistent.
 Fast After Setup:
Once the connection is set up, data flows quickly with no waiting or interruptions.

Disadvantages :
 Inefficient Use of Resources:
The dedicated path stays reserved even when no data is being sent, which wastes resources,
especially during idle times.
 Setup Time:
Before communication starts, the connection must be set up, which can take time.
 Limited Flexibility:
Once the connection is established, it can’t be used by other users, even if it's not in use, making
it less flexible than other methods.
 Not Ideal for Large-Scale Data:
Circuit switching is less efficient when many users need to communicate at once because each
call requires its own dedicated path.
 Costly for Long-Distance Calls:
Since the path is reserved for the entire duration of the call, long-distance calls can be expensive
due to the continuous use of resources.

Example :
If you call a friend on a landline, the telephone network sets
up a direct, continuous path between your phone and your friend's phone.
The call will only end once either you or your friend hangs up, at which point
the connection is released and the path becomes available for others to use.

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