Kotlin Coroutines

Asynchronous Programming Made Simple

Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop

 Problem

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BlogService

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AuthenticationService

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BlogService - with Threads

Wait AuthenticationService Wait ArticleService

Context Switch Wait UserService Useful work

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
1M threads?

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread

at java.lang.Thread.start0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:717)
at kotlin.concurrent.ThreadsKt.thread(Thread.kt:30)
at kotlin.concurrent.ThreadsKt.thread$default(Thread.kt:15)
at by.heap.komodo.samples.coroutines.SuspendKt.main(Suspend.kt:40)

Intel Core i7-6700HQ, 32GB - 10k Thread

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Thread Model

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Async Model

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 Use Cases

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 11
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Microservices/SOA

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Android (UIThread)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3652560/what-is-the-android-uithr
ead-ui-thread#3653478:

The UIThread is the main thread of execution for your application. This
is where most of your application code is run. All of your application
components (Activities, Services, ContentProviders,
BroadcastReceivers) are created in this thread, and any system calls
to those components are performed in this thread.

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 How?

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 Callbacks

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
AuthenticationService

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Callback HELL!

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 Futures

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Futures

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
CompletableFuture
● compose;
● combine;
● handle;
● accept;
● apply;
● supply.

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 Coroutines

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
BlogService

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 0 callbacks!*
* explicit

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Continuation

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines: Hello, World!
compile("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:0.16")

Error:(56, 5) Kotlin: Suspend function 'delay' should be called only from a coroutine or another
suspend function

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines: Hello, World!

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines: Hello, World!
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
launch(CommonPool) {
delay(1000)
println("Hello, World!")
}
}
// Nothing

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines: Hello, World!
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
launch(CommonPool) {
delay(1000)
println("Hello, World!")
}

Thread.sleep(2000)
}

// Hello, World!

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines: Hello, World!
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
runBlocking {
delay(1000)
print("Hello, ")
}

print("World!")
}

// Hello, World!

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines: Hello, World!

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines + Spring

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 Suspend functions
Coroutines builders
kotlinx.coroutines

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Coroutines & Kotlin
● suspend – language
● low-level core API: coroutine builders, etc – kotlin.coroutines (kotlin-stdlib)
● libraries – example: kotlinx.coroutines (kotlinx-coroutines-core)

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 Suspend

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Suspending Functions
suspend fun delay(
time: Long,
unit: TimeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS
) {
// ...
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Suspending Functions
suspend fun foo() {
delay(1000)
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Suspending Lambda
public fun launch(
context: CoroutineContext,
start: CoroutineStart = CoroutineStart.DEFAULT,
block: suspend CoroutineScope.() -> Unit
): Job {
…
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 Generators

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 buildSequence

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. buildSequence
public fun <T> buildSequence(
builderAction: suspend SequenceBuilder<T>.() -> Unit
): Sequence<T> = Sequence { buildIterator(builderAction) }

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. buildSequence
val lazySeq: Sequence<Int> = buildSequence {
for (i in 1..100) {
yield(i)
}
}

lazySeq.take(3).forEach { print(it) }
// 123

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. buildSequence
val lazySeq: Sequence<Int> = buildSequence {
for (i in 1..100) {
delay(1000)
yield(i)
}
}
Error:(22, 9) Kotlin: Restricted suspending functions can only invoke member or extension suspending
functions on their restricted coroutine scope

public fun <T> buildSequence(

builderAction: suspend SequenceBuilder<T>.() -> Unit
): Sequence<T> = Sequence { buildIterator(builderAction) }
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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. SequenceBuilder
@RestrictsSuspension
public abstract class SequenceBuilder<in T> internal constructor() {
public abstract suspend fun yield(value: T)
public abstract suspend fun yieldAll(iterator: Iterator<T>)
...
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. SequenceBuilder
suspend fun SequenceBuilder<Int>.answer() {
this.yield(42)
}
val ultimateAnswerSeq: Sequence<Int> = buildSequence {
while (true) {
answer()
}
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 buildIterator
Iterator<T>

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 buildSequence
buildIterator
@RestrictsSuspension

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 kotlinx.coroutines

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. launch

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
CoroutineContext
● Unconfined
● CommonPool
● newSingleThreadContext, newFixedThreadPoolContext
● Executor.asCoroutineDispatcher

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
CoroutineStart

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
CoroutineScope
public interface CoroutineScope {
public val isActive: Boolean
public val context: CoroutineContext
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. launch

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlinx.coroutines.experimental. launch

val job = launch(CommonPool) {

while (isActive) {
delay(100)
println(42)
}
}
job.cancel()

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlinx.coroutines.experimental. NonCancellable

val job = launch(CommonPool) {

try {
// ...
} finally {
run(NonCancellable) {
// this code isn't cancelled
}
}
}
job.cancel()

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. async

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kotlin.coroutines.experimental. async

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. yield

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlinx.coroutines.experimental. (withTimeout/withTimeoutOrNull)

withTimeout(100) {
request.await()
}

withTimeoutOrNull(100) {
request.await()
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Recursive Coroutines
suspend fun test() {
println(Instant.now())
test()
}

tailrec suspend fun test() {

println(Instant.now())
test()
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Debug
-Dkotlinx.coroutines.debug

Thread.currentThread().name

[main @coroutine#2]
[main @coroutine#3]
[main @coroutine#1]

public fun newCoroutineContext(context: CoroutineContext):

CoroutineContext = if (DEBUG) context +
CoroutineId(COROUTINE_ID.incrementAndGet()) else context

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Call Coroutines from Java
suspend fun foo(): Int {
//...
}

fun fooJava(): CompletableFuture<Int> =

future { foo() }

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Not Covered
● Channels
● Select
● ...

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 Core API

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 createCoroutine
startCoroutine
suspendCoroutine
suspendCancellableCoroutine

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Learn Kotlin Coroutines
● Guide to kotlinx.coroutines by example
● Coroutines for Kotlin
● #coroutines Kotlin Slack
● Андрей Бреслав — Асинхронно, но понятно. Сопрограммы в Kotlin
● Andrey Breslav — Kotlin Coroutines (JVMLS 2016, old coroutines!)
● Корутины в Kotlin - Роман Елизаров, JetBrains

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Kotlin Coroutines
Kotlin 1.1: Experimental status.
Kotlin 1.2: ?

// build.gradle
kotlin {
experimental {
coroutines 'enable'
}
}

kotlin.coroutines.experimental -> kotlin.coroutines

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Q&A
Ruslan Ibragimov @HeapyHop

Belarus Kotlin User Group: https://bkug.by/

Java Professionals BY: http://jprof.by/

Awesome Kotlin: https://kotlin.link/

Slides: https://goo.gl/5sJXeH

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Shared mutable state and concurrency
● Thread-safe data structures (Atomics)
● Thread confinement fine-grained
● Thread confinement coarse-grained
● Mutual exclusion (suspending)
● Actors
● Read more

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 Core API

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 createCoroutine

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. createCoroutine
public fun <R, T> (suspend R.() -> T).createCoroutine(
receiver: R,
completion: Continuation<T>
): Continuation<Unit> = SafeContinuation(
createCoroutineUnchecked(receiver, completion),
COROUTINE_SUSPENDED
)
block.createCoroutine(receiver, completion)
launch(CommonPool) {
delay(1000)
println("Hello, World!")
}
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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Bytecode
package by.heap.komodo.samples.coroutines.bytecode

import kotlinx.coroutines.experimental.delay

suspend fun fetch() {

delay(1000)
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Bytecode
-rw-r--r-- 1 yoda yoda 1342 Jun 1 08:03 ExampleKt.class
-rw-r--r-- 1 yoda yoda 1833 Jun 1 08:03 ExampleKt$fetch$1.class

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Bytecode
public final class ExampleKt {
public static final Object fetch(
Continuation<? super Unit>
);
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Bytecode
public final class ExampleKt {
@Nullable
public static final Object fetch(@NotNull final Continuation<? super
Unit> $continuation) {
Intrinsics.checkParameterIsNotNull((Object)$continuation,
"$continuation");
return new
ExampleKt$fetch.ExampleKt$fetch$1((Continuation)$continuation).doResume((Ob
ject)Unit.INSTANCE, (Throwable)null);
}
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Bytecode
final class ExampleKt$fetch$1 extends CoroutineImpl {
public final Object doResume(Object, Throwable);
ExampleKt$fetch$1(Continuation);
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
Bytecode
static final class ExampleKt$fetch$1 extends CoroutineImpl {
@Nullable
public final Object doResume(@Nullable final Object data, @Nullable final Throwable throwable) {
final Object coroutine_SUSPENDED = IntrinsicsKt.getCOROUTINE_SUSPENDED();
switch (super.label) {
case 0: {
...
break;
}
case 1: {
...
break;
}
default: {
throw new IllegalStateException("call to 'resume' before 'invoke' with coroutine");
}
}
return Unit.INSTANCE;
}
}
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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 startCoroutine

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. startCoroutine

public fun <R, T> (suspend R.() -> T).startCoroutine(

receiver: R,
completion: Continuation<T>
) {
createCoroutineUnchecked(receiver, completion).resume(Unit)
}

block.startCoroutine(receiver, completion)

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 suspendCoroutine

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. suspendCoroutine

public inline suspend fun <T> suspendCoroutine(

crossinline block: (Continuation<T>) -> Unit
): T = suspendCoroutineOrReturn { c: Continuation<T> ->
val safe = SafeContinuation(c)
block(safe)
safe.getResult()
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. suspendCoroutine

suspend fun <T> CompletableFuture<T>.await(): T =

suspendCoroutine { cont: Continuation<T> ->
whenComplete { result, exception ->
if (exception == null)
cont.resume(result)
else
cont.resumeWithException(exception)
}
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 suspendCancellableCoroutine

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. suspendCancellableCoroutine

public inline suspend fun <T> suspendCancellableCoroutine(

holdCancellability: Boolean = false,
crossinline block: (CancellableContinuation<T>) -> Unit
): T = suspendCoroutineOrReturn { cont ->
val cancellable = CancellableContinuationImpl(cont, active = true)
if (!holdCancellability) cancellable.initCancellability()
block(cancellable)
cancellable.getResult()
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
kotlin.coroutines.experimental. suspendCancellableCoroutine

suspend fun <T> CompletableFuture<T>.await(): T =

suspendCancellableCoroutine { cont: CancellableContinuation<T> ->
whenComplete { result, exception ->
if (exception == null)
cont.resume(result)
else
cont.resumeWithException(exception)
}
cont.invokeOnCompletion { this.cancel(false) }
}

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop
 suspend
createCoroutine
startCoroutine
suspendCoroutine
suspendCancellableCoroutine

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Kotlin Coroutines | @HeapyHop