PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL
COMPLEX

Group Design Project(UCE693)

Submitted By –

Sanyam Jain (102102042)

Divyanshu Mishra (102102063)
Krishan Kumar (102282001)
Ansh Arora (102282002)
Aprajit Raina (102282003)

B.E. 3rd Year Civil Engineering

3 CIE – 2

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Prem Pal Bansal

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

THAPAR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
PATIALA , PUNJAB

August-December 2023
 DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the project entitled
“Planning, Analysis & Design of Commercial Complex” is an authentic record
of our own work submitted fulfilling the requirements of the Group Design
Project , Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, an authentic
record of our own work carried under the supervision of Dr. Prem Pal Bansal,
during August 2023 - December 2023.

Submitted by:

Sanyam Jain (102102042)

Divyanshu Mishra (102102063)

Krishan Kumar (102282001)

Ansh Arora (102282002)

Aprajit Raina (102282003)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our esteemed

supervisor, Dr. Prem Pal Bansal, for his invaluable guidance and support
throughout the duration of this group design project. His expertise and
insights were instrumental in shaping our understanding of the project's
objectives and directing our efforts towards achieving the desired
outcomes.

We are also immensely thankful to Teaching Assistant Akshay for his

tireless efforts and dedication in assisting us throughout the project. His
willingness to go the extra mile and his unwavering support were crucial
in enabling us to overcome challenges and successfully complete the
project.

Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the contributions of our

fellow classmates, who provided valuable feedback and support
throughout the project. Their collaborative spirit and willingness to share
their knowledge were instrumental in fostering a positive and productive
learning environment.Huge respect for their comment and advices.

INDEX
 Chapter – 1
Page
1.1 General 1
1.2 Workflow Diagram
1.3 Proposed Site Plans
1.4 Chosen Plan
 1.5 Floor plan of each Layer

 Chapter – 2

2.1 List of Elements 11

2.2 Area Table 11
2.3 Area Calculation 12
2.4 Details of Each Floor 13

 Chapter – 3

3.1 Modelling in Staad

20
3.2 Column & Beam Placement in Staad
21
3.3 Load Calculation
22
3.4 Layout of Plans
23
3.5 Different Loadings
25

 REFERENCES
27
 CHAPTER – 1
1.1 Genaral
A growing urban center requires the development of a state-of-the-art commercial complex to
cater to the diverse needs of businesses, consumers, and visitors. The objective of this project
is to create an efficient, aesthetically pleasing, and sustainable architectural and structural
design for a multi-functional commercial complex. The complex is intended to be a vibrant
hub that accommodates bank(s), postal services, service centers, retail outlets, restaurants,
entertainment facilities, and office spaces. The proposed commercial complex should address
the following key challenges:

1. Functionality and Space Optimization:

• Design a layout that maximizes the use of available space, allowing for smooth traffic flow
and efficient utilization of areas for different functions.

• Proposed commercial complex has to be built on major district road.

• Ensure appropriate zoning and segregation to create harmonious spaces that cater to the
specific needs of various businesses and visitors. Consider one building should be of G+2
storey and other two blocks can be one storey or more.

2. Structural Integrity:

• Devise a robust structural design that can withstand the gravity load.

• Structural designing of G+2 storey building has to be performed considering all dead and
live loads.

3. Aesthetics and Urban Integration:

• Create an iconic architectural design that enhances the urban landscape and
complements the surrounding buildings with proper ventilation and orientation.

• Incorporate green spaces, public areas, and recreational sports for kids to promote a
sense of community and improve the overall environment.

4. Sustainable and Green Initiatives:

• Implement passive design strategies that leverage natural light, ventilation, and shading to
reduce the need for artificial heating and cooling.

• Integrate environmentally friendly features, such as rainwater harvesting, and waste

management systems.

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• Propose the green materials to reduce the CO2 emission and utilization of waste materials.
5. Accessibility and Inclusivity:

• Ensure compliance with disability-friendly standards, providing easy access for all
individuals, including those with mobility challenges.

• Plan the sufficient parking and convenient access points for both pedestrians and vehicles.

6. Regulatory Compliance:

• Adhere to all local building codes, zoning regulations, and Environmental guidelines.

• Incorporate regulations for fire exit. Various Stages of Planning & Design

• Drawings with Detailed Specifications

• Preparation of Site Plan

• Calculation of Design Requirements

• Blocking & Circulation

• Preparation of Concept Drawings

• Preparation of Working Architectural

• Drawings with Detailed Specifications

• Modelling of Structure in STAAD Software (Geometry and loading)

• Structure Design

• Structural Drawings

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1.2 Workflow Diagram

Starting of
the project

Planning & Area Calculation

of ChosenSite-plan (Out of
the three proposed drawings)

Replicating the Site

-plan
drawing on AutoCAD
Revitwith each & every
detail

Modelling of
the structure in
STAAD

End of
the
Project

Fig 1-(a) Workflow

Diagram

1.3 PROPOSED SITE PLANS

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1st Plan

Fig 1-(b) First Plan

2nd Plan

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 Fig 1-(c) Second Plan

3rd Plan (Final Plan) – Chosen Plan

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Fig 1-(d) Site Plan

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1.4 Chosen Plan

Fig 1-(e) Site Plan

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1.5 FLOOR PAN OF EACH LAYER

(a) Ground Floor Plan

Fig 1-(f) Ground

Floor

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(b) First Floor Plan

Fig 1-(g) First Floor

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(c) Second Floor Plan

Fig 1-(h) Second Floor

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 CHAPTER -2

2.1 List Of Elements

• Bank - 01 Seating Capacity -30 people
• Postal Services - 02
• Service Centres - 5 Nos.
• Retail Outlets - 8 Nos.
• Restaurants - 02 (Seating capacity : 40 to 50 people)
• Entertainment Facilities : 02
• Office Spaces : 10 Nos. (8 cubical in each)

2.2 Area Table

TOTAL PLOT AREA 14164 m^2

TOTAL PERMISSIBLE COVERAGE 45%

TOTAL PROPOSED COVERAGE 32%

PROPOSED COVERAGE AREA 4500 m^2

TOTAL BUILTUP AREA 12000 m^2

NO OF PARKING PROVIDED 140

2.3 Area Calculation

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 Elements Area Reference

Retail 150 Time Saver Standards

Postal Service 75 National Building Code

Bank 225 National Building Code

Toilet 150 Time Saver Standards

Service Station 150 Time Saver Standards

Office 150 Time Saver Standards

Restaurant 1 225 Time Saver Standards

Restaurant 2 300 Time Saver Standards

Entertainment facility 150 Time Saver Standards

Singleplex 450 Time Saver Standards

Coffee Corner 30 Time Saver Standards

2.4 Details of each Floor

 G+2 & G+1 Building

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  BANK

A bank with a seating capacity of 35 has been provided in ground floor for easy
& fast access of the customers entering the commercial complex.

Fig 2-(a) Bank on First

Floor

 POSTAL SERVICES

Two postal office are provided near to the entrance for easy access of the
customers and also for the postal vehicle to pickup and dropping the posts.

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 Fig 2-(b) Postal Office on First
Floor

 SERVICE STATIONS

Five service stations are provided in the G+1 Building .

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 Fig 2-(c) Service Station
Plan

 RETAIL STORE

On the ground floor 7 Retail stores are provided & on the first floor 3 are
provided .

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 Fig 2-(d) Retail Store Plan

 RESTAURANT

Two restaurants with seating capacity of 40 are provided in the plan .

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 Fig 2-(e) Restaurant Plan

 OFFICE

At the top floor(2nd ) all the offices are provided and a separate passageway or
path is also provided outside the building .Also lift are provided from where

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 they surely can reach their offices . With a seating capacity of 8 cubicles or 8
men in each office .

Fig 2-(f) Office

Plan

 TOILET

On all the three floors i.e. 1st , 2nd , 3rd toilets are provided near to the corners and
aligned on over the other for each floor .

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 Fig 2-(g) Toilet Plan
CHAPTER - 3

STAAD

3.1 Modelling in Staad

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 Fig 3-(a) 3-D Model in
Staad

3.2 COLUMN & BEAM PLACEMENT IN STAAD

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 Fig 3-(b) Column Placement

Fig 3-(c) Beam Placement

3.3 LOAD CALCULATION

 DEAD LOAD

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 For Continuous slab , L/d = 26

d = 5000/(26*1.4) = 137.36

taking d approximately as 150 mm

Self wt of 1m^2 = .15 * 25 = 3.75 kN/m^2

Self wt of all floor = 3.75*3000 = 11250 kN

Floor Finish

Thickness of floor finish = 0.2m

Unit wt of cement mortar = 20.4 kN/m^2

Wt = 20.4*0.5 = 4.08 kN

Total load = 10.2*3000 = 12240 kN

Wall thickness = 250 mm

Wall Load = 0.25*(3.5-0.6)*20 = 14.5 kN

Total Dead Load = 11250+12240 = 23490 kN

 Live Load = 4kN/m^2

Accessible Roof , so a factor 1.5 kN is used

Accessible Roof = 1.5*3000 = 4500kN/m^2

Live Load = 4(3000+3000) = 24000kN/m^2

Beam Load = 0.3*0.6*25 = 4.5 kN/m

Plinth beam load = 0.250*0.450*25 = 2.81 kN/m

3.4 LAYOUT OF PLANS

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• TOP VIEW

Fig 3-(d) Top View of Structure

• BOTTOM VIEW

Fig 3-(e) Bottom View of Structure

• FRONT & BACK VIEW

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 Fig 3-(f) Front & Back View Of Structure

• RIGHT & LEFT VIEW

Fig 3-(g) Right & Left View Of Structure

3.5 DIFFERENT LOADINGS

• Self Weight

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 Fig 3-(h) Self Wt.

• Wall Load

Fig 3-(i) Wall Load

• Floor Load

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 Fig 3-(j) Floor Load

• Live Load

Fig 3-(k) Live Load

IMPOSED LOAD CALCULATION

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COLUMNS

GENERAL

To make this project sustainable and strength attainable for the designed capacity of the building,
the positing of the columns is set to provide the most support to the building without making the
structural integrity complex, so to make that happen, the location of the columns is as follows:

Columns are to be provided at every corner of the block.

Columns are to be provided at every 3–6 m as it gives deflections under allowable values .

Columns are avoided at the Centre of the room designated as it minimizes the free space inside the
room and contributes negligibly to safety issues.

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We have provided columns at the intersection of beams coming from the x- axis and the z-axis
direction.

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BEAMS

GENERAL
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's
axis. It is a mode of deflection primarily by bending. The load applied to the beam result in
reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the
beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beams that induce the
beam's internal stress, strains, and deflections. Beams are characterized by the manner of
support, profile, equilibrium conditions, length, and material.
Beams are horizontal structural elements that withstand vertical loads, shear forces, and
bending moments. They transfer loads imposed along their length to their endpoints, such
as walls, columns, foundations, etc.

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SLAB
GENERAL
Slabs are generally 2D planner structures with small thicknesses compared to other 2 dimensions.
There are 2 types slab:
• One-Way Slab:
A one-way slab is supported by two parallel walls or beams with a length-to-breadth ratio of
two or greater bends only in one direction (the spanning direction) as it transfers loads to
the two parallel walls or beams supporting each other. It spans and bends only in one
direction.
Due to the huge difference in lengths, the load is not transferred to the shorter beams.
Main reinforcement is provided in shorter span and distribution reinforcement in a
longer span.
LY/LX > 2
Two-Way Slab:
A slab supported on all four edges with an aspect ratio of longer to shorter theoretical span
less than ≤2.00, is considered to be two-way. Static analysis of two-way slabs, subjected to
uniform load, is performed using tables, which give the fundamental support moments, span
moments and shear forces.
In two-way slabs, the load will be carried in both directions. So, the primary reinforcement is
provided in both directions for two-way slabs.
LY/LX < 2

Design of Slab

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STAIRCASE:
GENERAL
A staircase or stairway is one or more flights of stairs leading from one floor to another, and
includes landings, newel posts, handrails, balustrades and additional parts. A stairwell is a
compartment extending vertically through a building in which stairs are placed. Staircases can be
designed in a variety of styles and materials to suit the aesthetic and functional requirements of a
space.

The design of a staircase must take into consideration factors such as the height difference
between floors, the available space, the number of users, and the intended use of the space. In
addition to the basic elements of a step, a staircase can also include other features such as
handrails, balustrades, and landings. Handrails are used to provide support and guidance for users
as they ascend or descend the stairs, while balustrades are typically used for safety and aesthetic
purposes.

Staircases can be designed in a variety of materials, including wood, metal, stone, and concrete.
The choice of material can impact the overall look and feel of a staircase, as well as its durability
and maintenance requirements.

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…..

FOOTING
GENERAL
The bottom part of a foundation is called the footing. Footings in construction are critical,
as the footing distributes the weight of the building evenly across the entire structure so that
it doesn't sink into the ground. They are made of concrete having reinforcements inside
them and are poured into an excavated ditch or conduit. Before the foundation is built, a test
is done to assess the strength of the soil bearing capacity to ascertain the type of foundation
to be built.

Designing a footing typically involves the following procedure:

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Determine the load on the footing: The first step in designing a footing is to determine
the load that the footing must support. This load is typically a combination of the weight
of the structure, any live loads that the structure may experience, and any soil or water
pressure that the footing must resist.
Determine the soil bearing capacity: The next step is to determine the bearing capacity
of the soil on which the footing will be constructed. This can be done by performing
soil tests or by using local building codes and standards that specify minimum
allowable bearing capacities. Calculate the required footing area: Once the load and soil
bearing capacity have been determined, the required area of the footing can be
calculated. This is typically done by dividing the load by the soil bearing capacity.
Determine the depth of the footing: The depth of the footing is typically determined
by considering the frost line depth in the region where the structure is being built. In
areas with cold winters, the depth of the footing must be below the frost line to prevent
the footing from being lifted out of the ground by frost heave. Select a footing type:
Depending on the site conditions and the load requirements, various types of footings
can be selected, such as spread footings, isolated footings, or combined footings.
Calculate the required reinforcement: The required reinforcement for the footing can be
calculated using structural engineering principles and local building codes and
standards.
Detail the footing: The final step in the design process is to detail the footing by
creating a drawing or model that includes all of the required dimensions, reinforcement,
and other features necessary for construction.

Design of Footing

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STADD FOUNDATION INPUT DATA

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 ESTIMATION AND COSTING
1INTRODUCTION
The process of calculating a building overall project cost is known as estimating and costing. It
accounts for the costs of the equipment, personnel, materials, and other expenses. It entails
calculating the overall cost of the project as well as the quantity of each item required. This
process involves analyzing the project scope, determining the tasks required, and estimating the
time and resources required to complete each task.

Once the tasks have been identified, the costs associated with each task can be estimated. This
includes labor costs, material costs, equipment costs, and any other costs associated with completing
the task.
Estimation and costing is important in project management as it helps you determine your
project's budget, schedule the work necessary and manage new resources. Cost estimates are also
very crucial when it comes to winning new business. Property owners also use cost estimates to
assess the feasibility of their projects before embarking on actual construction.

The accomplishment of the Group Design Project has made us work on software like REVIT, and
STAAD Pro to execute and combine their work and combination of theoretical and practical
knowledge to make up with all the building requirements while working by Indian Standard rules
and regulations.

All the steps were taken by abiding by the respective standard codes to prevent all the hurdles and
violations to the building during the architectural and structural computations. There were some
scenarios where our methods and calculations were perfect regarding the theoretical error, but in
practical aspects, it led to some unserviceability to the project. Eventually, after recalculating and
taking care of practical aspects and every error, this project presented us with a real-life experience
on the workability of companies in real-life situations. Therefore, it would be so crucial and
beneficial for the betterment of our real-life knowledge and would be a more significant help
regarding future projects.

Material Eastimation

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Bar Bending Schedule of Beams

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CONCLUSION

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SUMMARY

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