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SIC-SISTEEM-2022 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125 (2022) 012007 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012007

IOT BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

USING SMART DUSTBINS
S P Prakash1,2,4, S Tamilselvan2, M Abdullah3, R Ramesh4
[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
1,2
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
4
Research Scholar, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract: In a developing country like India faces a challenges in waste management, due to an
exceptional population growth and expansion. Research related to the waste management shows
that the increase in waste materials generated in cities are difficult to handle. The issues related
to handle the waste material is due to improper collection and disposal of waste materials, the
increase in population toward big cities and nonexistence of intelligent technology leads to the
environmental pollution. Management of this waste materials has becoming a challenging task
from small villages to big cities. Furthermore, the problems in handling the waste materials also
involved due to the lack of labour involved. In this paper, an IoT based Solid waste management
system using smart dustbins has been proposed. The developed system helps to solve the issues
in managing the solid waste from small to large scale. An electronic based dustbin has been
developed to indicate the level of waste in the bin, based on the levels of waste in the bin an
alert system is used to indicate and collect the waste material from different places in the city.
The system helps to monitor the waste materials in the electric bins and also helps to analysis
the amount of waste produced at a particular location. The information related to the level of
bins has been wireless transmitted to the central location for emptying the bins. The advantage
of the system is to collect waste material on time in order to avoid the overflow of bins and also
analysis the amount of waste produced at a particular location. The developed system helps to
save the environment from pollution.

Key words: IoT, Solid waste, bin, Pollution

1. Introduction
For the last two decades there is a rapid increase in the generation of solid waste. It is expected
that the annual solid waste will reach around 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050 that would lead to an
approximately $635.5 billion in the management of municipal waste management [1]. There are many
factors that plays a significant role in the management of waste in smart cities. The factors that makes
management of solid waste is more challenging nowadays, the challenges are due to a rapid growth of
population, shifting from small towns to big cities, increase in consumption of goods, improper way of
collecting the solid waste, lack of solid waste prediction and smart technologies. The management of
Waste materials plays an important role for the development of smart cities. A report says that the
uncollected solid waste increases the risk of infection and injury which leads to a loss of human life in
the smart cities. Due to the contaminated gas produced by the waste which is placed in the crowed area
in the cities will lead to high hygienic issues to the surroundings. The waste material generation in
cities are at large scale this is due to two factors (a) growth of population in cities (b) The standard of
living. The two factors are the major causes of the solid waste in the environment, to handle this issues
an advancement in technology like Internet of Things (IoT) has to be adopted in the growing cities. IoT
is not a single device it covers a multiple device used in medical, power analysis, agriculture, smart
homes and smart cities. Implementation of this device in the wireless environment helps to develop
more applications in the smart city environment.

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SIC-SISTEEM-2022 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125 (2022) 012007 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012007

The paper describes by integrating the use of wireless networks in different engineering
discipline together with physical device improve the management of smart cities in solid waste
management. The Proposed system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the waste bins with
the help of sensor unit that measures the level of bins. In addition, the temperature, humidity and fire
detection are also measured. Through the wireless network the information is sent to the data centre
which helps to predict the level of the bins and further the total volume of the waste collection in each
place is monitored. The data centre provides the information that is used the predict and analysis the
waste collection on a monthly and yearly basics.
The proposed system can be used on a realistic scenario in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu. Chennai
is one of the fastest growing cities in India its population in 2020 was 10,971,000, a 2.43 % increase
from 2019, 11235,000 a 2.41% increase from 2021 and expected to have around 11, 503,000 in 2022.
[12] The experimental setup was carried out for a month period of time for waste collections from the
bins. The system is designed using ESP32 microcontroller and the performance is carried out for IOT
and IOT less bins.
The operational cost of the Existing Municipal system can be reduced by using this IoT based
model, which is used to track the filled bins and establish the communication to the truck through the
base station. [13] To reduce the loss to the economy and human life the fire sensor is used t detect the
fire inside and outside the bins. With the application of smart city, the waste collection can be predicted
to support the waste management industry. [14] By providing the effective usage of waste bins the man
power can be reduced. When bins send an alert to the base station, the base station allocates the truck
which is located nearby, then the bins will be emptied by the trucks.
The Proposed system provides a real time garbage collection using IoT smart bins also it
reduces the manpower in collecting garbage. The system reduces the health issues by providing the
emergency alerts in which the it leads to the improvement of environment quality. The paper is
organized as follows Section 2 describes about the existing methodology. Section 3 provides the Model
Description. Section 4 elaborates on the result and discussion Section 5 finalises about Conclusion.
2. Existing Methodology
The Challenges in the reduction of solid waste management in smart cities using many IoT
models have been proposed. The critical issues in solid waste management have been consider in the
literature to overcome the issues. [1] The researcher proposed a truck monitoring system using RFID
and communication technology to collect the solid from bins. [2] The solid waste bin and the truck are
monitored by using an integrated technique with Radio Frequency Identification RFID, Global
Positioning system GPS, general packet radio system GPRS and geographical information system (GIS)
with cameras. [3] A prototype has been developed to monitor the bins and trucks using wireless sensor
network like ZigBee, GPRS/GSM module. The system helps to minimize the operation cost by
supporting the trucks with route optimization. [4] The researcher developed a novel approach for
garbage waste management using Internet of Things for smart cities. The approach includes the
detection of levels using ultrasonic sensors and for communication GSM module have also been used
with the development of GUI for supervision. [5] The author developed a IoT based smart garbage
system to reduce the amount of food waste. The information related to the levels of bins is exchanged
with the wireless mesh network that helps to serve the needs by the municipal management system. The
system has been implemented in Gangnam District of south Korea for a period of one year and proved
that the average amount of food waste has been reduced by 33 %.[6] The use of low power and cost
management system using IoT technology has been developed. The data transmission module is based

2
SIC-SISTEEM-2022 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125 (2022) 012007 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012007

on LoRa Low Power Wide Area Network LPWAN technology. The researcher concerned more on the
low power consumption and battery life time, by configuring the sensing sensor nodes. The existing
waste management system has been compared with different literature has been shown in table 1.
Table 1. Comparison of factors for existing and proposed waste management system

Reference Algorithm Waste Experimental GIS Bins Location

Prediction data

[8]2019 Graph theory No Yes GPS/GSM Yes

and Machine
Learning
[9]2018 Graph Theory No Yes LoRa Yes
[10] 2019 Heuristic No Yes N/A No
[11] 2017 No No Yes GSM Yes
Proposed Predictive bin Yes Yes GPRS/GSM Yes
Methodology distribution
algorithm

3. Model Description:
The system is developed based on the sensors data from the smart bins. The Co2, Co, Methane,
Temperature, Humidity, fire and levels of bins are obtained through the sensors from the bin. The
sensors will communicate to the ESP 32 microcontroller module. The microcontroller module will
communicate to the cloud or internet source and further communicate the date to the data centre. The
data centre provides the information to the truck which is located nearby to the bins. The nearby trucks
will collect the waste materials, the time taken for collecting the waste material will be reduced due to
the communication established between data centre and truck. Figure 1 shows the over view of proposed
system.

Figure 1. overview of proposed system.

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SIC-SISTEEM-2022 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125 (2022) 012007 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012007

3.1. Module and its functions:

Sensor module: The proposed module consists of a gas sensor which is used to sense the carbon di
oxide (ACD10), carbon monoxide (MQ7), methane (MQ4) content present in the bins. The waste level
of the bins is measured based on the levels by using the Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04). The three fill up
levels of the bins are obtained as Level 1 bottom, level 2 middle and level 3 top on the bins. Based on
the distance from the top to bottom, the waste in the bins are predicted. SK 026 Flame sensor is used to
detect the fire inside the bins also the temperature and humidity is sensed by using DHT11 sensor. In
order to predict the future generation of waste from the specified area weight sensors (SEN-10245SEN-
10245) were used.
Network module: The sensors information from the bins has to be sent through the wireless network.
The Wi-Fi is used as a network interface with the prototype module. SIM900A V4.0 Wireless Extension
Module GSM GPRS with the on board antenna was used for network communication.
Storage module: MySQL database is used to store the data which is received from the sensor module.
The data are stored in a structured way which can be used for further purpose. The distance prediction
model is applied to calculate the distance between bins and the truck location, which helps to predict
the nearest location for the bins and truck.
4. Result and Discussion
Table 2. Average values of IoT and non IoT bin with respect to parameters

Level of Level of
Bin waste waste Tempe Humi Metha Fire
CO2 CO Act
Numbe collectio collectio rature dity ne Detection
(ppm) (ppm) ion
r n in Non n in IoT (oC) (%) (ppm) (%)
IoT bins bins

1 63.74 48.74 28 43 442 9 246 N 75

2 92.63 77.63 29 66 518 1 674 Y 77

3 92.19 81.19 27 36 415 27 872 Y 72

4 74.52 64.52 32 62 856 43 158 Y 85

5 67.31 53.31 33 35 653 4 555 Y 88

6 17.99 2.99 23 52 236 5 431 N 65

7 99.64 89.64 25 52 125 8 162 N 61

8 33.65 22.65 32 49 551 3 654 Y 85

9 56.06 41.06 29 53 414 12 655 Y 77

10 16.91 4.91 24 38 315 6 175 N 67
11 47.01 37.01 27 37 448 8 657 Y 72
12 31.39 18.39 33 81 724 3 819 Y 88
13 20.51 7.51 32 74 987 25 838 Y 85
14 20.92 7.92 33 81 474 27 220 Y 88
15 86.17 75.17 26 59 914 5 920 Y 69

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SIC-SISTEEM-2022 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125 (2022) 012007 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012007

The table 2 shows the average value of IoT and non IoT bins with respect to sensor values.
Based on the threshold values the bin wastes are collected from the corresponding areas. From the above
table the bin number 4 has an average value Co2 and Co is above threshold value there is a possibility
of fire in the bin so the action taken (Y) represents the alarm to collect the bins through the nearby truck.
The figure 2 shows the graph between the average number of bins with respect to average fire detection
percentage, level of IoT and non IoT bins. The average waste collection of non IoT bins is less compared
to the IoT Bins, also the fire detection percentage based on the level and gas sensor shows the value
based on the bins.

Figure 2. Average Fire detection in IoT & Figure 3.Pollution Ratio for IoT and Non-IoT
Non-IoT bins Bins

Figure 3 shows the pollution ratio for the IoT and non IoT bins, the pollution ratio of non IoT
bins is high compared to the IoT bins due to the time consumed for the removal of waste and the
labour involved in the collection process. The pollution ratio for IoT bins is very less compared to the
non IoT bins this is due to the presence of level and gas sensors present in it, early detection and
prediction is involved for the removal of waste content. Figure 4 represents the delay in the average
waste collection for IoT and non IoT bins with respect to the bins. The waste collection in non IoT
bins are higher compared to the IoT bins, the possibility of overflow of bins in non IoT bins will lead
to the pollution and possibility of fire due to the toxic gas present in it.

Figure 4. Waste Collection delay for IoT and Non-IoT Bins

5. Conclusion
The results show the study of smart way of collecting the waste in the smart city. The model is
created in order to collect the waste by using smart IoT bins. The Level and gas sensors are used for the
detection of level and toxic gas present in the bins. Based on the obtained values from the sensors the
information is sent to the data centre. The data centre collects the information and communicate to the
nearby trucks to collect the waste. The model created will send the data via cloud environment to the
data centre. The proposed model detects level, toxic gas, temperature and humidity. Based on the levels
and toxic content present in the bins the waste is collected form the bins. The early fire detection model
is developed by the use of temperature and humidity content present in the bins. The proposed model
yields the better results when compared to the conventional method of collecting waste. The pollution

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SIC-SISTEEM-2022 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125 (2022) 012007 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012007

and collection delay are calculated based on the IoT and Non IoT bins. The operational cost for the
smart IoT bins is less when compared to the non IoT bins. By using the smart technology, the result
obtained is efficient in terms of labour cost, pollution control and smart way of collecting waste from
the bins. The system is developed to support the municipal solid waste management for the Chennai
city.
6. References
[1] Hannan, M.A., Arebey, M., Begum, R.A. and Basri, H., 2011. Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) and communication technologies for solid waste bin and truck monitoring system. Waste
management, 31(12), pp.2406-2413.
[2] Arebey, M., Hannan, M.A., Basri, H., Begum, R.A. and Abdullah, H., 2011. Integrated technologies
for solid waste bin monitoring system. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 177(1), pp.399-408.
[3] Al Mamun, M.A., Hannan, M.A., Hussain, A. and Basri, H., 2014. Integrated sensing systems and
algorithms for solid waste bin state management automation. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(1), pp.561-567.
[4] Kasliwal Manasi, H. and Suryawanshi Smithkumar, B., 2016. A Novel approach to Garbage
Management Using Internet of Things for smart cities. International Journal of Current Trends in
Engineering & Research, 2(5), pp.348-353.
[5] Hong, I., Park, S., Lee, B., Lee, J., Jeong, D. and Park, S., 2014. IoT-based smart garbage system
for efficient food waste management. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
[6] Cerchecci, M., Luti, F., Mecocci, A., Parrino, S., Peruzzi, G. and Pozzebon, A., 2018. A low power
IoT sensor node architecture for waste management within smart cities context. Sensors, 18(4), p.1282.
[7] Castro Lundin, A., Ozkil, A.G. and Schuldt-Jensen, J., 2017, January. Smart cities: A case study in
waste monitoring and management. In Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii international conference on
system sciences.
[8] Bueno-Delgado, M.V., Romero-Gázquez, J.L., Jiménez, P. and Pavón-Mariño, P., 2019. Optimal
path planning for selective waste collection in smart cities. Sensors, 19(9), p.1973.
[9]Hannan, M.A., Akhtar, M., Begum, R.A., Basri, H., Hussain, A. and Scavino, E., 2018. Capacitated
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[10] Jaid Jim, A.A., Kadir, R., Mamun, M., Al, A., Nahid, A.A. and Ali, M., 2019. A noble proposal
for Internet of garbage bins (IoGB). Smart Cities, 2(2), pp.214-229.
[11] Popa, C.L., Carutasu, G., Cotet, C.E., Carutasu, N.L. and Dobrescu, T., 2017. Smart city platform
development for an automated waste collection system. Sustainability, 9(11), p.2064.
[12] https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21321/madras/population
[13] Chaudhari, S.S. and Bhole, V.Y., 2018, January. Solid waste collection as a service using IoT-
solution for smart cities. In 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology
(ICSCET) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[14] Bharadwaj, B., Kumudha, M. and Chaithra, G., 2017, February. Automation of Smart waste
management using IoT to support “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan”-a practical approach. In 2017 2nd
International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT) (pp. 318-320).
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