WEATHER AND FORECAST SYSTEM

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fullfillment of the requirement for
degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
By
ABDUL RAHMAN
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SANSKAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
GHAZIABAD
(Session 2022-2023)
 SANSKAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY GHAZIABAD, UTTAR
PRADESH

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the disseration entitled “WEATHER AND

FORECAST SYSTEM” which is submitted by ABDUL RAHMAN in
parallel fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology, A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University ,
Lucknow is a record of bonafied work carried out by them under
my guidance and supervision. The result embodied in this thesis
has not been submitted to any other university or institution for
the award of any degree or diploma.

Internal Guide: HEAD OF Department of

CSE:
DEPARTMENT: Department of CSE
Prof. Pradeep Tripathi
Ms. Deepali Bhaskar
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• FRONT COVER
• REPORT STATUS DECLARATION FORM
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• ABSTRACT
• RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• SYSTEM DESIGN
• SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
• WEATHER FORECASTING SYSTEM
• FLOWCHART OF SYSTEM
• PROBLEM DEFINITION
• SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
• CONFIGURATION OF SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
• METHODOLOGY
• SNAPSHOTS
• FUTURE SCOPE
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Upon completing this project, I would like to express my
sincere expression towards my supervisor, Ms. Deepali
Bhaskar Ma’am who had given me unconditional support
throughout this project. Mrs. Vaishali Ma’am had not only
solved many of my encountered problems but also being very
concern about my project by giving me a lot of alternative
options during dealing with the project. The project couldn’t
complete smoothly if it wasn’t his teaching dedication. Thank
you very much for assisting me throughout this project. Apart
from that, I would also like to send my thanks to my parents
for being very supportive in my hard times during conducting
this project. Thank you for giving financial aids for the
equipment in this project. Also, special thanks to my friends
Ragini Singh, Balwant Maurya and Ankita Singh for the
volunteer to provide their portrait to my project for the testing
of my Live Weather & Forecast System Website. A million
thank you.
 ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this project is to build a social website
that focuses on providing live weather reports of any city
around the globe. and its. Living a healthy and active lifestyle
doesn’t have to be hard. And what is a better way to do that
than by incorporating our environment in it?!
Weather forecasting is the use of science and technology to
forecast atmospheric conditions for a certain place and period.
For centuries, people have tried to forecast the weather
informally, and officially since the nineteenth century.
Weather forecasting, which used to be done by hand and was
focused mostly on variations in barometric pressure, existing
weather patterns, and sky state or cloud cover, is now done
using computer-based models that account for a variety of
atmospheric variables.
Weather predictions are created by gathering objective data
about the actual condition of the atmosphere at a certain
location and using meteorology to predict how the weather
will behave in the future. Human feedback is also required to
choose the best possible forecast model on which to base the
forecast. Weather forecasting is a part of the economy; for
example, the United States spent $5.1 billion on weather
forecasting in 2009, with gains expected to be six times that
amount. Since we know the weather forecast, let us take a
look at the importance of weather forecasting pdf and the
different methods used to forecast. Seasons and nature play a
major role in agriculture and farming. When it comes to the
farming of various fruits, vegetables, and pulses, temperature
is extremely important.
Farmers didn't have a better understanding of weather
forecasts before, so they had to rely on estimates to do their
jobs. They do, however, sometimes suffer losses as a result of
inaccurate weather forecasts. Farmers will now get all of their
forecasts on their smartphones, thanks to advances in
technology and the use of unique weather forecasting
mechanisms. Of course, education in this area is critical, but
the majority of the farmer community at this point
understands the fundamentals, making it simple for them to
use the features. Weather Forecasting is crucial since it helps
to determine future climate changes. With the use of latitude,
we can determine the probability of snow and hail reaching
the surface. We are able to identify the thermal energy from
the sun that is exposed to a region. Climatology is the scientific
study of climates, which in simple words mean weather
conditions over a period.
 Research Objectives
In order to solve the drawbacks of the previous system stated
in the existing system will need to evolve. The proposed
system will reduce the paper work where Live Weather and
Forecast System care will no longer involve any manual
recording. The new system will also reduce the total time
needed to do Live Weather and Forecast System care
recording. The new system will acquire individual Live
Weather and Forecast System care by means of facial-
recognition to secure data accuracy of the attendance. The
followings are the objectives of this project. To develop a
portable Smart Live Weather and Forecast System care System
which is handy and self-powered. To ensure the speed of the
Live Weather and Forecast System care recording process is
faster than the previous system which can go as fast as
approximately 3 second for each student. Have sufficient
memory space to store the database. Able to recognize the
nature of an individual accurately based on the nature
database. Allow parents to track their child’s attendance.
Develop a database for the Live Weather and Forecast System
care management system. Provide a user friendly web inter
nature for admins to access the Live Weather and Forecast
Allow people to store their natures in the database by using a
API and JavaScript Engine.
 Literature Review
Traditionally Live Weather and Forecast System care was
taken manually which is very time consuming and often leads
to human error. Additionally, there are many uncertainties
towards the sources of the Live Weather and Forecast System
care records which in fact, most of the Live Weather and
Forecast System care records are not retrieved from the actual
situation. The old method that uses paper sheets for taking
student’s Live Weather and Forecast System carecan no longer
be used. Based on the research, there are many solutions that
are available to solve this issue. According to research journal
“Live Weather and Forecast System care System” The Live
Weather and Forecast System care system is improved by
using Near Field Communication technology and mobile
application. According to the research paper, each student is
given a JAVASCRIPT tag that has a unique ID during their
enrolment into the college. Live Weather and Forecast System
care of each class will then be taken by touching or moving
these tags on the lecturer mobile phone. The embedded
camera on the phone will then capture the student’s nature to
send all the data to the college server to do validation and
verification. The advantages of this method is where the is
simple to use, and the speed of connection establishment is
very high. It indeed speeds up the Live Weather and Forecast
System caretaking process a lot. However, this system couldn’t
automatically spot the violation when the tag is not personally
tagged by the original owner. Apart from that, the
convenience of the system which uses the mobile phone as
the JAVASCRIPT reader was actually an inconvenience to the
lecturer. Imagine if the lecturer had forgotten to bring their
mobile phones to work, what would be the backup procedure
for the Live Weather and Forecast System careto be recorded?
Moreover, most of the lecturer will not likely to prefer their
personal smart phones to be used in this way due to privacy
matter. Hence, unique information about the student like
which is guanine for a student should be used in replacement
of the JAVASCRIPT tag.
 System Design
The design part of the Live Weather and Forecast System care
monitoring system is divided into two sections which consist
of the hardware and the software part. Bootstrap is the most
popular HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for developing
responsive, mobile-first websites. Go to bootstrap CDN → copy
html link and paste inside the head tag of html that’s all now
we can access all the frameworks in bootstrap. The main use
of using the bootstrap is for responsiveness although we
create a beautiful website using HTML and CSS they are not
responsive in the smaller device or larger device it is difficult
for a developer to make a survey over all the screens and write
code for all the screens. To overcome the problems Twitter
created a bootstrap framework which is described with classes
with reserved names for the classes the Main classes are ROW
and COLUMN. Before the software part can be developed, the
hardware part is first completed to provide a platform for the
software to work. In the hardware part, the process of the
raspberry pi’s setup configuration will be briefly explained in
this chapter. While in the software development part, there
will be two major process flow which will be further discussed
and not assembled. Thus, the first thing to do is to screw the
pi-fan in place on the casing provide and next secure.
 Software Development

There are two major system flows in the software

development section as shown below: The creation of the
nature database .The process of Live Weather and Forecast
System caretaking Both process mentioned above are
essential because they made up the backbone of the Live
Weather and Forecast System care management system. In
this section, the process of both flows will be briefly described.
Meanwhile, their full functionality, specific requirements and
also the methods/approach to accomplish such objectives will
be discussed in the upcoming chapter.
Be sure to have your pages set up with the latest design and
development standards. That means using an HTML5 doctype
and including a viewport meta tag for proper responsive
behaviors. Put it all together and your pages should look like
this:
The system flow of the creation of nature database The nature
database is an important step to be done before any further
process can be initiated. This is because the nature database acts
as a comparison factor during the recognition process which will be
discussed in later section. In the process above, a csv file is created
to aid the process of image labelling because there will be more
than one portrait stored for each student, thus, in order to group
their portraits under the name of the same person, labels are
Portrait Acquisition The image of the student’s nature will be
captured for a specific amount to be stored into the files on the
raspberry pi. Social website for Live Weather and Forecast Systems
The captured image will first undergo a Social website for Live
Weather and Forecast Systems algorithm to ensure the system can
identify a nature in every portrait. Portrait Pre-processing Captured
image with a confirmed nature detected in it will then undergo
cropping, colour conversion before actually being stored into the
files. Creation of CSV file Then, by using the path of the stored
image, a csv file is created with each image being labelled
accordingly. The csv file is created to aid the process of list insertion
of the portraits with their process.
 Weather Forecasting Process

A weather forecast is made up of three steps: observation and

analysis, extrapolation to determine the state of the
atmosphere in the future, and estimation of specific variables.
One method of qualitative extrapolation is to conclude the
weather features will continue to travel in the same direction
as they have been.
Observation and Analysis
While data-access policies differ by country, all of these
reports are sent to regional and global centers through the
World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global
Telecommunications System (GTS).
The data is then compiled, redistributed in the GTS, and used
in various numerical forecasting models. Typically, these
numerical models begin with data collected between the
hours of 0000 and 1200 UTC (7 A.M. and 7 P.M. Eastern
Standard Time, respectively).
To aid the forecaster, the data is printed, mapped, and
graphed in several ways. Furthermore, some "initialization"
routines slightly change the data when it enters a prediction
model only for that model.
Extrapolation

The degree of approximation to the equations varies greatly

between models. Since more computing time is taken to do
the work, the more precise the approximation, the more
expensive the model is to use.
In the United States, forecast-model research is centralized at
the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) of
the National Weather Service in Suitland, Maryland. There, a
cutting-edge supercomputer is tasked with operating four
primary models. Two of the styles are concerned with North
America and its environs. The other two versions surround the
entire globe in a standardized manner. Each domain has a
basic model that is intended for fast computation as an early
update even though machine problems occur. For each
domain, the other model is more comprehensive, giving a
better solution at a higher cost.

Estimation
When a forecaster sets out to estimate a particular variable,
such as the minimum temperature on a given night in the city
where he or she is based, he or she has access to a wealth of
observed and model-generated evidence. However, none of
the data can be used to make a concrete prediction.
In the current scenario, the forecaster must also apply
knowledge of average climatic conditions using APIs.
Flow Chart
 Specific requirements
There will be several requirements before the process of
development of The Live Weather and Forecast System. The
below are the required software or packages needed to
accomplish this objective. Required software:
HTML: HTML is the language for describing the structure of
Web pages. HTML gives authors the means to: Publish online
documents with headings, text, tables, lists, photos,
etc. Retrieve online information via hypertext links, at the click
of a button.

JavaScript: JavaScript is a light-weight object-oriented

programming language that is used by several websites for
scripting the webpages. It is an interpreted, full-fledged
programming language. JavaScript enables dynamic
interactivity on websites when it is applied to an HTML
document.

Node: Node.js is a platform built on Chrome’s JavaScript

runtime for easily building fast and scalable network
applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O
model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-
intensive real-time applications that run across distributed
devices. Node.js is an open source, cross-platform runtime
environment for developing server-side and networking
applications. Node.js applications are written in JavaScript,
and can be run within the Node.js runtime on OS X, Microsoft
Windows, and Linux.

Nodemon: Nodemon is a popular tool that is used for the

development of applications based on node.js. It simply
restarts the node application whenever it observes the
changes in the file present in the working directory of your
project. Additionally, nodemon does not need any specific
modifications to code or the mode of development. It acts as
a facilitator in the node by replacing the wrapper for it. To use
nodemon, you will simply need to replace the word node on
the CLI while you are about to execute your script.

Terminal: A terminal is simply a text-based interface to the

computer. In a terminal, you can type commands, manipulate
files, execute programs, and open documents. When working
in a terminal, the current directory is called your working
directory. A terminal will usually start in the top-level directory
of your account.

VSCode (Microsoft): VS Code is a free code editor, which runs

on the macOS, Linux, and Windows operating systems. VS
Code doesn't include a traditional File > New Project dialog or
pre-installed project templates.
 Configuring system
requirements
Before proceeding to the methodology discussion, there are
quite a number of installations and configurations needed to
be done in order for the system to work. In this section, the
procedure of the entire linkage configurations between the
required software packages such as CSS, JAVASCRIPT,
BOOTSTRAP, NODE and NODEMON will be focused. A brief
explanation and reasons of selection of those software
packages will also be discussed later.

Setting Up Of JavaScript:-
In HTML, JavaScript code is inserted
between <script> and </script> tags. The src attribute
specifies the URL of an external script file.

If you want to run the same JavaScript on several pages in a

web site, you should create an external JavaScript file, instead
of writing the same script over and over again. Save the script
file with a .js extension, and then refer to it using
the src attribute in the <script> tag.

Note: The external script file cannot contain the <script> tag.
Note: Point to the external script file exactly where you would
have written the script.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!-- jQuery library -->
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jque
ry.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Setting Up Of Node.js:-
NodeJs is a cross-platform environment that runs and
executes JavaScript codes outside the browser. It’s a version
of Chrome’s V8 JavaScript runtime engine, allowing you to
develop server-side JavaScript applications. It comes up with
everything which is required to run a program written in
JavaScript.
The NPM – Node Package Manager is the default package
manager for NodeJs. Basically, NodeJs is a JavaScript runtime
environment, allowing developers to develop the scalable
application in a given time.
NPM allows open-source web developers to share and borrow
packages for app development. Also, it works as a command-
line utility for the application for installing packages in the
project, dependency management, and even version
management.
Download the Windows Installer from node.js official site.
Make sure you have downloaded the latest version of
NodeJs. It includes the NPM package manager.
The Postman CLI is the command-line companion that is
developed, supported, and signed by Postman. It enables you
to run collections, lint API schemas, run security and
governance checks, and log in and out. All test results will be
automatically pushed to the app.
powershell.exe -NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy
AllSigned -Command
"[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = 3072; iex
((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://dl-
cli.pstmn.io/install/win64.ps1'))"
 Methodology
After the all the configurations are done, the website now is
available for use and thus users such as the lecturer can start
taking down Live Weather and Forecast System care simply by
just accessing the “Mail Information” tab in the Live Weather
and Forecast System care management system website.
Node.js provides capabilities to create your own web server
which will handle HTTP requests asynchronously. You can
use IIS or Apache to run Node.js web application but it is
recommended to use Node.js web server. Node.js makes it
easy to create a simple web server that processes incoming
requests asynchronously.

The following example is a simple Node.js web server

contained in server.js file.

var http = require('http'); // 1 - Import Node.js

core module

var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {

// 2 - creating server

//handle incomming requests here..

});

server.listen(5000); //3 - listen for any incoming

requests
console.log('Node.js web server at port 3000 is
running..')

In the above example, we import the http module using

require() function. The http module is a core module of
Node.js, so no need to install it using NPM. The next step is
to call createServer() method of http and specify callback
function with request and response parameter. Finally, call
listen() method of server object which was returned from
createServer() method with port number, to start listening to
incoming requests on port 5000. You can specify any unused
port here.

Run the above web server by writing node server.js

command in command prompt or terminal window and it will
display message as shown below.

The http.createServer() method includes request and

response parameters which is supplied by Node.js. The
request object can be used to get information about the
current HTTP request e.g., url, request header, and data. The
response object can be used to send a response for a current
HTTP request. req.url is used to check the url of the current
request and based on that it sends the response. To send a
response, first it sets the response header using writeHead()
method and then writes a string as a response body using
write() method. Finally, Node.js web server sends the
response using end() method.
Snapshots

Terminal Running Live server

 Search Bar of Live Weather System

Search Result after successfully

running
Source Code
 FUTURE SCOPE

• The weather reporting system has an application for

farmers where they can ensure higher productivity of
crops and lower the risk of weather hazards.
• The weather station proves helpful for monitoring the
weather in areas like places with volcanoes or rain
forests. This is especially important with drastic changes
in the weather conditions we are experiencing.
• The weather monitoring system using IoT supporting
controllers is fully automated and efficient. It does not
require any manual labor or attention.
• You can plan and visit the places anytime you like with
prior notification of the weather conditions. You can
simply get the status of the weather condition and the air
quality, etc.
 CONCLUSION
• Nowadays weather monitoring system plays a vital role.
So The Proposed Weather Informative System describes
about the Weather parameters like Temperature,
Humidity and Pressure etc.
• The Weather Informative System Acts as a Weather
Station Server. It uses the UI application is universal and
can be deployed on any Windows device.
• This system will give a developer first-hand experience
setting up the required hardware along with writing and
debugging the newly available Windows, weather.org
API's. This lab will also demonstrate how to aggregate
your data in cloud using the Azure Event Hub, via the
easy-to-use Connect the Dots API.
• Hence, we conclude that the weather Informative System
is used in Our Real time Applications From this we can
know the Weather information remotely at any place.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

o Documentation help: www.google.com

o Design & Development: www.udemy.com
o API Keys: www.weather.org
o Other Sources: www.youtube.com