1 Atomic structure

AQA Chemistry Exam-style mark scheme

Question
Answer Marks Guidance
number
–24
1ai 1.6734 × 10 (g) 1 Only.
–27 –24
1.6734 × 10 kg Not 1.67 × 10 (g)

1 a ii B 1

1bi 10 x + 11y
= 10.8
x+y
OR ratio 10:11 = 1:4 OR 20:80 etc Allow idea that there are 5 × 0.2
1 divisions between 10 and 11.
abundance of 10B is 20(%)
1 Correct answer scores M1 and
OR M2.
10 x 11(100 − x )
+ = 10.8
100 100
10x + 1100 – 11x = 1080
∴ x = 1100 – 1080
= 20%
1 b ii Same number of electrons (in outer shell or orbital) 1 Ignore electrons determine
Same electronic configuration / arrangement chemical properties.
Ignore protons unless wrong.
–1
1c Range between 3500 and 10 000 kJ mol 1 Ignore electrons determine
chemical properties.
Ignore protons unless wrong.
B (g) → B (g) + e
+ 2+ (–)
1d 1 Ignore state symbol on electron
B (g) – e → B (g)
+ (–) 2+
even if wrong.
B (g) + e → B (g) + 2e
+ (–) 2+ (–)

1e Electron being removed from a positive ion (therefore 1 Must imply removal of an
need more energy) / electron being removed is closer electron.
to the nucleus. Allow electron removed from a +
particle/ species or from a 2+
ion.
Not electron removed from a
higher / lower energy level /
shell.
Not electron removed from a
higher energy sub-level / orbital.
Ignore electron removed from a
lower energy sub-level / orbital.
Ignore ‘more protons than
electrons’.
Not ‘greater nuclear charge’.
Ignore ‘greater effective nuclear
charge’.
Ignore shielding.
2 ( 82.0 × 2) +( 83.0 × 2) +( 84.0 × 10) +( 86.0 × 3) 2 M1 for the top line.
17.0 M2 is for division by 17.
1428 1
17.0
= 84.0 Not 84
The Ar in the Periodic table takes account of the other 1 Award independently.

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 1 Atomic structure
AQA Chemistry Exam-style mark scheme

Question
Answer Marks Guidance
number
isotopes / different amounts of isotopes (or words to Comparison implied.
that effect regarding isotopes). Isotope(s) alone, M4 = 0
3a (Total number of) protons and neutrons (in the nucleus 1 Allow (number of) nucleons.
of the atom)
Do not allow Zn or Zn+1 or ZN.
–1
3b Zn 1
Ignore numbers.
3ci 206 + 207 + (208 × 2) 829 2 M1 = top line
=
4 4 1 M2 = ÷ 4 (bottom line)
= 207.3
3 c ii Lead 1 Allow Pb, Not PB.
3 c iii Same number of electrons (in outer shell) / same 1 Ignore ‘electrons determine
electronic configuration chemical properties’.
Ignore reference to p and n if
correct.
Penalise if incorrect.
10 2 1
4a 4d 5s 5p 1 Allow in any order.
Allow subscripts for numbers.
Allow capitals.
4bi Average/mean mass of (1) atom(s) (of an element) 1 Not average mass of 1 molecule.
1 12 1 Allow the wording ‘Average
mass of one atom of C
12 mass of 1 atom of an element
1
OR compared to mass atom of
12
(Average) mass of one mole of atoms
1
1 12C’ (or mass atom of 12C).
mass of one mole of 12C 12
12
Allow if moles of atoms on both
OR lines.
(Weighted) average mass of all the isotopes Accept answer in words.
1 Can have top line × 12 instead of
mass of one atom of 12C
12 bottom line 12.
OR If atoms / moles mixed, max = 1.
Average mass of an atom/isotope compared to C-12
on a scale in which an atom of C-12 has a mass of 12
4 b ii 113 x + 115 y 1 Correct answer scores M1 and
= 114.5
x+y 1 M2

ratio (113:115) = 1:3 OR 25:75 OR 0.5:1.5 etc.

4c None 1 Ignore ‘electrons determine
Same no of electrons (in the outer shell) /same 1 chemical properties’ / ignore
electron configuration protons.

4di There should be 15 electrons shown. 1

The electrons in the p orbital should have parallel 1
spins.

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 1 Atomic structure
AQA Chemistry Exam-style mark scheme

Question
Answer Marks Guidance
number
4 d ii 2

5ai 10 1
5bi 12 1
5b There is no difference since they have the same 1
number of electrons.
5c 90.9 × 20 + 0.26 × 21 + 8.8 × 22 1
RAM =
100 1 Answer must be given to 1
= 20.2 decimal place.
2 2 6
5d 1s 2s 2p 1
unreactivity is due to the full outer shell 1
6 Abundance of third isotope = 100.0 – (79.0 + 10.0)
= 11.0 % 1
Mass of third isotope, x
(23 × 79.0) + (24 × 10.0) + ( x × 11.0) 1
= 23.32
100
11.0 x = 2332 – 240.0 – 1817 1
11.0 x = 275.0
x = 25 1

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