NOUNS

Definition : Nouns are a part of speech that comprise words that

are used to name people, places, animals, objects and ideas. Almost
every sentence will definitely have a noun, and they perform
different roles in a sentence. Nouns can act as the subject,
an indirect object, a direct object, a subject complement and an
object complement. Nouns can also function
as adjectives and verbs.

Examples of Nouns:
 People – Rahul, Sheela, Man, Person, Tommy, Women, Girl, The Prime
Minister
 Places – Bangalore, India, Mexico, North Pole, South Africa, The Nile
River, Classroom, Bedroom, Basketball Court, Cricket Ground,
Swimming Pool
 Animals/Birds/Aquatic Animals/Reptiles – Lion, Zebra, Snake,
Ostrich, Flamingo, Bear, Cat, Fish, Shark
 Ideas – Evolution, Invention, Extinction, Argument, Destruction
 Objects/Things – Bat, Cycle, Curtains, Paper, Bag, Blackboard,
Cupboard

Types of Nouns
Nouns can be broadly classified into:

1. Proper Nouns: Nouns that are used to name a person, place or

thing specifically are called a proper noun. Proper nouns always
begin with a capital letter.
Examples:

. My name is Rose. (Name of a particular person)

. This is my dog, Bruno. (Name of a specific pet animal
owned by someone)
. David came back from Minsk. (Name of a specific place)
. Louis Philippe is a famous brand of men’s clothing.
(Name of a particular clothing brand)

2. Common nouns: Common nouns are those nouns that refer to a

generic item, group or place. This means that, unlike proper nouns,
they are not used to identify specific people, places or objects.
Common nouns are not capitalised unless they appear at the
beginning of a sentence.
Examples:

. I bought a pen yesterday. (Common object)

. I am going to school. (Common place)
. Only ten employees showed up to work today. (Common
group)
. The car is out of fuel. (Common items)

3. Singular nouns: These are words that are used to name a single
person, place, animal, bird or object.

Examples:

. There is a little boy in front of our house. (Single person)

. That is my daughter. (Single person)
. I found a wounded sparrow in the bush. (Single bird)
. A red van has been following us for a long time. (Single
object)

4. Plural nouns: Plural nouns refer to a number of people, places,

animals or things. Nouns are made plural by adding an ‘s’ or ‘es’ or
‘ies’ or ‘ves’ to the existing root word. Nouns that end with an ‘s’
remain the same. Some nouns remain the same in both their
singular and plural forms, and some others have totally different
spelling.

Examples:

. I need some apples.

. Did you find the boxes you were looking for?
. I bought mangoes from the market.
. We took photos of some deer on our way.

5. Countable nouns are those nouns that can be counted or

measured.

Examples:

. Tom brought ten packets of lays for the trip. (specific

number – ten)
. Mom asked me to buy a dozen eggs. (specific – dozen
means twelve)
. I saw an aeroplane around seven in the morning.
(specific – an means one)
6. Uncountable nouns are those nouns that cannot be counted.
This category of nouns includes both concrete and abstract nouns.

Examples:

. I have a lot of homework to do. (Not specific)

. I have a cup of tea. (Cannot count)
. We are facing terrible weather today. (Cannot count)

7. Collective Nouns: A collective noun is a naming word that is

used to denote a group of objects, animals or people.

Examples:

. Collective nouns for groups of animals

. A pride of lions
. A flock of sheep
. A swarm of bees
. A herd of elephants
. Collective nouns for groups of people
. A band of musicians
. A board of directors
. A crew of sailors
. A company of actors
. Collective nouns for a number of things/objects
. A pair of shoes
. A chain of mountains
. A fleet of ships
. A bunch of grapes

8. Concrete Nouns: A concrete noun refers to objects that are

material and can be perceived by the human senses.

Examples:

. The book is on the table.

. I had a cup of coffee.
. Sharon opened the windows.
. Hardy goes to school by bus.

9. Abstract Nouns: Any entity that cannot be perceived by the five

senses of the human body are called an abstract noun.
Examples:

.
1. Love is a strong emotion.
2. Honesty is the best policy.
3. It takes a lot of courage to raise your voice and stand up
against injustice.
4. You should not misuse the freedom you are given.

Nouns Used as Different

Components of a Sentence.

01.Nouns Used as a Subject

When used as a subject, a noun mostly appears at the beginning of
a sentence. It can be identified by asking the question ‘who’.

Examples:

 Bruno went to the playground.

 The teacher asked the students to submit their assignments.
 The elephant was rescued safely after ten long hours.

02.Nouns Used as an Object

When nouns are used as objects, they appear in the latter part of a
sentence. It can be identified by asking the question ‘what’.

Examples:

 I bought a pen.
 Where is your book?
 I cannot find today’s newspaper.

Nouns can be used as a direct object and an indirect object.

03.Nouns Used as a Direct Object

You can identify a noun used as a direct object by asking the
question ‘what’.

Examples:

 Do you want a lollipop? (What do you want? – a lollipop)

  I loved my dress. (What did you love? – my dress)

Nouns Used as an Indirect Object

You can ask the question ‘for whom’ to identify a noun used as
an indirect object.

Examples:

 Dan bought his sister a Mini Cooper. (For whom did Dan buy a Mini
Cooper? – his sister)
 Megha baked Julie a cake. (For whom did Megha bake a cake? – Julie)

03.Nouns Used as a Complement

When a noun is used to modify or describe another noun, it acts as
a complement.

Nouns Used as a Subject Complement

Professions and positions can perform the role of a subject
complement.

Examples:

 My brother is an engineer.
 Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India.

04.Nouns Used as an Object Complement

Object complements are nouns that follow the noun they modify.
Names, professions and positions can perform the role of an object
complement.

Examples:

 We named our dog, Shadow.

 The teacher made Tabitha, the class leader.

Multifunctional Nouns

01.Nouns Used as Verbs

There are some nouns which can also be used as a verb. Some
nouns can be used as verbs with a slight change in the spelling of
the original word.
Examples:

 His divorce is final. (Used as a noun)

I am divorced. (Used as a verb)

 Do you like my new dress? (Used as a noun)

I am dressed and ready to go. (Used as a verb)

 Derrick had come to collect some ice. (Used as a noun)

My mother iced the fish so that it did not stink. (Used as a verb)

 I have dance practice today. (Used as a noun)

Did you practise the song? (Used as an adjective)

02.Nouns Used as Adjectives

With a slight change in the spelling or adding a suffix to the root
word, nouns can sometimes be used as adjectives.

Examples:

 I have no money. (Used as a noun)

There has been a change in the monetary policy of the country.

(Used as an adjective)

 Javed sensed some danger. (Used as a noun)

What you are trying to do is dangerous. (Used as an adjective)

 She is excited about magic. (Used as a noun)

The experience was completely magical. (Used as an adjective)

 Speaking against another religion is a legal offence. (Used as a noun)

What you did was offensive. (Used as an adjective)