Minor Project - II

Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

Network Analyzer

Aryan Gupta
0126CY201017

Deepanshu Shukla
0126CY201023

Date: (04/18/2023)
 Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations
1.4 References
1.5 Overview

2. The Overall Description

2.1 Product Perspective
2.1.1 System Interfaces
2.1.2 Interfaces
2.1.3 Hardware Interfaces
2.1.4 Software Interfaces
2.1.5 Communications Interfaces
2.1.6 Memory Constraints
2.1.7 Operations
2.1.8 Site Adaptation Requirements
2.2 Product Functions
2.3 User Characteristics
2.4 Constraints
2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies
2.6 Apportioning of Requirements

3. Specific Requirements
3.1 External interfaces
3.2 Functions
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Logical Database Requirements
3.5 Design Constraints
3.5.1 Standards Compliance
3.6 Software System Attributes
3.6.1 Reliability
3.6.2 Availability
3.6.3 Security
3.6.4 Maintainability
3.6.5 Portability
 3.7 Organizing the Specific Requirements
3.7.1 System Mode
3.7.2 User Class
3.7.3 Objects
3.7.4 Feature
3.7.5 Stimulus
3.7.6 Response
3.7.7 Functional Hierarchy
3.8 Additional Comments

4. Change Management Process

5. Document Approvals

6. Supporting Information
Introduction
1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive description of the Network

Analyzer Software System. This document will outline the requirements, constraints, and
specifications that the system must meet.

1.2 Scope
The Network Analyzer Software System is designed to provide network administrators with
the ability to monitor, diagnose, and troubleshoot network problems. The system will be able
to analyze network traffic, identify performance issues, and provide alerts and notifications to
the administrator.

1.2 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

S-parameters: Scattering parameters, also known as scattering matrix, are the ratios of the
amplitudes of the outgoing waves to the amplitudes of the incoming waves in a linear network.

Reflection coefficient (Γ): The ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of
the incident wave at a point of impedance mismatch.

Transmission coefficient (T): The ratio of the amplitude of the transmitted wave to the
amplitude of the incident wave.

Return Loss: The measure of how well a network is matched to the characteristic impedance of
the transmission line. It is the ratio of the power of the reflected wave to the power of the
incident wave.

Insertion Loss: The measure of how much power is lost when a device is inserted into a
transmission line. It is the ratio of the power transmitted through the device to the power
transmitted through the line without the device.

Frequency Domain: The representation of signals in terms of their frequency components.

Time Domain: The representation of signals in terms of their amplitude versus time.

Smith Chart: A graphical tool used to represent complex reflection coefficients and impedance
values in transmission line circuits.

Vector Network Analyzer (VNA): A network analyzer that measures the complex scattering
parameters of a device under test (DUT) using an external stimulus signal.

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR): A technique used to determine the impedance and other
characteristics of a transmission line by sending a pulse down the line and measuring the
reflections.

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT): A mathematical algorithm used to transform a signal from the
time domain to the frequency domain.

Automatic Level Control (ALC): A feature of network analyzers that automatically adjusts the
input signal level to maintain a constant output power level.
Digital Signal Processing (DSP): The use of digital processing techniques to analyze and
manipulate signals.

Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS): A method of generating precise digital signals for use in
network analyzers.

Local Oscillator (LO): The oscillator that generates the frequency for mixing with the signal
under test to produce intermediate frequency signals.

1.4 References
Keysight Technologies: Keysight's PathWave software suite includes network analyzer
software, including the PathWave Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) software for analyzing and
characterizing RF and microwave components and systems.

Anritsu: Anritsu offers the ShockLine software suite for its vector network analyzers, which
includes measurement and calibration tools, as well as data analysis and reporting features.

Rohde & Schwarz: Rohde & Schwarz offers the R&S VNA software suite for its vector network
analyzers, which includes measurement and analysis tools, as well as advanced calibration and
verification features.

Copper Mountain Technologies: Copper Mountain Technologies offers the S2P file editor and
the VNA software suite for its vector network analyzers, which includes measurement,
calibration, and data analysis features.

National Instruments: National Instruments offers the NI AWR Design Environment software
suite, which includes network analysis tools for designing and simulating RF and microwave
circuits and systems.

CST Studio Suite: CST Studio Suite is a complete electromagnetic simulation software suite
that includes network analyzer simulation and analysis tools for designing and optimizing RF
and microwave components and systems.

MATLAB: MATLAB is a powerful mathematical computing software that includes signal

processing and network analysis tools for analyzing and modeling RF and microwave systems.

1.5 Overview

This document will provide an overview of the Network Analyzer Software System, including
the purpose and scope of the system. It will also outline the product functions, user
characteristics, constraints, and dependencies. Additionally, it will provide specific
requirements for the system and detail the change management process, document approvals,
and supporting information.
The Overall Description
2.1 Product Perspective

The Network Analyzer Software System is an independent system that is designed to integrate
with existing network infrastructure. The system interfaces with various network devices, such
as switches and routers, to capture and analyze network traffic. The system will provide a web-
based interface for administrators to view and manage network data.

2.1.1 System Interfaces

The Network Analyzer Software System interfaces with various network devices to capture and
analyze network traffic. The system will interface with network switches and routers to capture
traffic data.

2.1.2 Interfaces

The Network Analyzer Software System provides a web-based interface for administrators to
view and manage network data.

2.1.3 Hardware Interfaces

The Network Analyzer Software System requires network devices such as switches and routers
to capture network traffic data.

2.1.4 Software Interfaces

The Network Analyzer Software System interfaces with various operating systems and
databases to store and retrieve network data.

2.1.5 Communications Interfaces

The Network Analyzer Software System communicates with network devices using protocols
such as SNMP, SSH, and Telnet.

2.1.6 Memory Constraints

The Network Analyzer Software System has no specific memory constraints.

2.1.7 Operations
The Network Analyzer Software System performs operations such as capturing and analyzing
network traffic, generating alerts and notifications, and providing reports to administrators.

2.1.8 Site Adaptation Requirements

The Network Analyzer Software System requires a network infrastructure to function properly.
2.2 Product Functions
The Network Analyzer Software System provides the following functions:

Capturing and analyzing network traffic

Identifying network performance issues
Generating alerts and notifications for network administrators
Providing reports and analytics for network performance
2.3 User Characteristics

The Network Analyzer Software System is designed for network administrators who have
experience with network infrastructure and protocols.

2.4 Constraints
The Network Analyzer Software System must adhere to the following constraints:

The system must be able to analyze network traffic in real-time

The system must be able to interface with existing network infrastructure
The system must be able to generate reports and analytics on network performance

2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies

The Network Analyzer Software System assumes that the network infrastructure is properly
configured and maintained. The system depends on the availability and functionality of network
devices such as switches and routers.
Specific Requirements

3.1 External interfaces

The Network Analyzer Software System must provide a web-based interface for network
administrators to view and manage network data.

3.2 Functions
The Network Analyzer Software System must provide the following functions:

Capturing and analyzing network traffic

Identifying network performance issues
Generating alerts and notifications for network administrators
Providing reports and analytics for network performance

3.3 Performance Requirements

The Network Analyzer Software System must be able to capture and analyze

3.4 Logical Database Requirements:

The system should be able to store and retrieve data related to network analysis.
The database should be normalized to eliminate data redundancy.
The database should be able to handle large amounts of data without performance degradation.
The database should be secured with appropriate access controls to prevent unauthorized
access.
The database should be backed up regularly to prevent data loss in case of system failures.
The database should be designed in a way that allows for easy integration with other software
systems.

The database should support complex queries to allow for data analysis.
The database should have a robust error handling mechanism to handle exceptions and prevent
data corruption.

3.5 Design Constraints:

Measurement Accuracy: Network analyzer software must be designed to provide accurate
measurements, particularly in the presence of noise and other sources of error. To achieve this,
designers must carefully consider signal processing algorithms, calibration techniques, and
error correction methods.

Speed and Throughput: Network analyzer software must be designed to handle large amounts
of data quickly and efficiently, particularly when performing complex measurements or
analyzing large datasets. This requires careful consideration of data storage and processing, as
well as hardware and software optimization.

User Interface: Network analyzer software must be designed with an intuitive and user-friendly
interface that allows users to easily set up and perform measurements, visualize and analyze
data, and generate reports. This requires careful consideration of user experience design
principles, as well as input/output methods and data visualization techniques.

Compatibility and Interoperability: Network analyzer software must be designed to work

seamlessly with other software and hardware components, including third-party instruments,
operating systems, and data formats. This requires careful consideration of software
architecture, APIs, and data exchange protocols.

Scalability and Flexibility: Network analyzer software must be designed to support a wide
range of measurement scenarios and configurations, from simple two-port measurements to
complex multiport and time-domain measurements. This requires careful consideration of
software modularity, scalability, and extensibility, as well as the ability to integrate with other
software tools and frameworks.

3.5.1 Standards Compliance:

Network analyzer software must comply with various industry standards to ensure that
measurements are accurate, reliable, and consistent across different instruments and
applications. Here are some of the most important standards that network analyzer software
should comply with:

S-Parameters: The S-parameter standard defines the format for representing and characterizing
linear passive networks in terms of their scattering parameters. Network analyzer software must
comply with this standard to ensure accurate and consistent measurement of S-parameters.

Vector Network Analyzer Calibration: The vector network analyzer calibration standard
defines the procedures and methods for calibrating vector network analyzers to ensure accurate
measurement of S-parameters. Network analyzer software must comply with this standard to
ensure that calibration procedures are standardized and consistent across different instruments
and applications.

Time-Domain Reflectometry: The time-domain reflectometry (TDR) standard defines the

procedures and methods for using TDR techniques to measure the impedance and other
characteristics of transmission lines. Network analyzer software must comply with this standard
to ensure that TDR measurements are accurate and consistent.

Instrument Control: The instrument control standard defines the procedures and methods for
controlling and communicating with instruments, including network analyzers, using standard
interfaces and protocols. Network analyzer software must comply with this standard to ensure
that it can communicate with and control instruments from different manufacturers and
vendors.

Data Exchange: The data exchange standard defines the format and protocol for exchanging
measurement data between different instruments and applications. Network analyzer software
must comply with this standard to ensure that measurement data can be shared and analyzed
across different instruments and applications.

Compliance with these standards is critical for ensuring accurate, reliable, and consistent
measurement of network parameters across different instruments and applications.
3.6 Software System Attributes:

3.6.1 Reliability:
Network analyzer software reliability is critical for ensuring accurate and consistent
measurement of network parameters over time. Here are some factors that can affect the
reliability of network analyzer software:

Software Stability: Network analyzer software should be designed and tested to ensure that it
is stable and free from bugs or other issues that could affect the accuracy of measurements or
cause the software to crash or malfunction.

Calibration: Network analyzer software relies on calibration procedures to ensure accurate

measurement of network parameters. Software reliability can be affected by the accuracy and
stability of calibration standards, as well as the calibration procedures themselves.

Hardware Compatibility: Network analyzer software must be compatible with the hardware
components used to perform measurements, including the vector network analyzer (VNA) and
other instruments. Compatibility issues can affect the reliability of measurements and lead to
inaccuracies or errors.

User Training and Experience: Network analyzer software reliability can be affected by the
training and experience of the user. Inexperienced or poorly trained users may not be able to
use the software correctly, leading to errors or inaccuracies in measurement results.

Software Maintenance: Network analyzer software must be maintained over time to ensure
continued reliability and accuracy. This may involve updating the software to fix bugs or
address compatibility issues, as well as upgrading the software to add new features or support
new hardware.

To ensure software reliability, network analyzer software should be tested rigorously before it
is released to ensure stability and accuracy, and regular maintenance and updates should be
performed to ensure continued reliability and compatibility with hardware and software
components. Users should also be trained and experienced in the use of the software to ensure
accurate and consistent measurement results.

3.6.2 Availability:
The system should be available 24/7 with minimal downtime for maintenance or upgrades.
The system should have a mechanism to handle high traffic volumes without performance
degradation.

3.6.3 Security:
The system should be designed with security in mind to prevent unauthorized access, data
breaches, and other security threats.
The system should implement appropriate authentication and authorization mechanisms to
control access to sensitive data.
The system should encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit.
3.6.4 Maintainability:

Maintainability is an important consideration for network analyzer software. Here are some
factors that can affect the maintainability of network analyzer software:

Software Architecture: Network analyzer software should be designed with a modular

architecture that allows different components to be easily replaced or upgraded. This makes it
easier to maintain the software over time and ensure compatibility with new hardware or
software components.

Documentation: Network analyzer software should be well-documented, with clear and

comprehensive user manuals, technical documentation, and software development guides. This
helps to ensure that users and developers can easily understand how the software works and
how to maintain it over time.

Error Reporting and Logging: Network analyzer software should include robust error reporting
and logging features that allow users and developers to easily identify and troubleshoot
problems with the software. This makes it easier to maintain the software over time and ensure
that it is working correctly.

Version Control: Network analyzer software should be version controlled to ensure that
changes to the software can be tracked and managed over time. This helps to ensure that the
software remains stable and reliable, even as changes are made to it over time.

Testing: Network analyzer software should be tested rigorously before it is released, and testing
should be performed regularly to ensure that the software remains reliable and stable over time.
This includes both functional testing to ensure that the software is working correctly, as well as
performance testing to ensure that it is performing optimally.

By considering these factors, network analyzer software can be designed and maintained in a
way that ensures it remains reliable, stable, and compatible with new hardware and software
components over time.

3.6.5 Portability:
Portability is an important consideration for network analyzer software, as it allows the software
to be used on different hardware platforms and operating systems. Here are some factors that
can affect the portability of network analyzer software:

Platform Independence: Network analyzer software should be designed to be platform

independent, meaning that it can run on different hardware platforms and operating systems.
This can be achieved through the use of programming languages or software frameworks that
are portable across different platforms.

Hardware Compatibility: Network analyzer software should be compatible with different

hardware platforms and components, including vector network analyzers (VNAs) and other
instruments. This can be achieved through the use of standard communication protocols and
interfaces that are supported by different hardware vendors.
Software Libraries: Network analyzer software can rely on third-party software libraries and
frameworks to ensure portability across different platforms. These libraries can provide cross-
platform support for common tasks, such as user interface design, data visualization, and
instrument communication.

Cross-Platform Development Tools: Network analyzer software can be developed using cross-
platform development tools, such as integrated development environments (IDEs) or
application frameworks, that allow developers to write code once and deploy it on multiple
platforms.

Testing: Network analyzer software should be tested on different hardware platforms and
operating systems to ensure that it works correctly and consistently across all platforms. This
can include functional testing to ensure that the software works as expected, as well as
performance testing to ensure that it performs optimally on different hardware platforms.

By considering these factors, network analyzer software can be designed and developed in a
way that ensures it is portable across different hardware platforms and operating systems,
allowing it to be used in a wide range of applications and environments.

3.7 Organizing the Specific Requirements:

3.7.1 System Mode:

System mode is an important feature of network analyzer software that allows users to
customize the measurement configuration and data processing methods used to analyze the
network under test. Here are some factors that can affect the system mode of network analyzer
software:

Measurement Configuration: System mode allows users to configure the measurement setup
used to analyze the network under test. This includes specifying the frequency range, power
level, and other parameters used in the measurement process.

Data Processing: System mode also allows users to specify the data processing methods used
to analyze the measurement results. This can include filtering, averaging, and other signal
processing techniques that can be used to improve the accuracy and precision of the
measurement results.

Calibration: System mode can also be used to configure the calibration procedure used to
calibrate the network analyzer and ensure accurate measurement results. This can include
specifying the calibration standards and methods used in the calibration process.

User Interface: System mode can also include a customized user interface that allows users to
easily configure and control the measurement setup and data processing methods used in the
analysis.

Advanced Features: System mode can also provide access to advanced features and capabilities
that are not available in standard measurement modes. This can include support for specialized
measurement techniques, such as time-domain reflectometry (TDR), or the ability to analyze
complex network topologies and signal paths.
By providing users with a flexible and customizable system mode, network analyzer software
can be adapted to a wide range of measurement applications and environments, allowing users
to achieve accurate and precise measurement results in a variety of scenarios.

3.7.2 User Class:

Network analyzer software is designed to be used by different types of users, each with their
own specific needs and requirements. Here are some examples of user classes for network
analyzer software:

Engineers and Technicians: Engineers and technicians use network analyzer software to
perform a wide range of measurement and analysis tasks related to the design, development,
and testing of electronic devices and systems. They may require advanced features and
capabilities, such as support for specialized measurement techniques or the ability to analyze
complex signal paths.

Researchers and Scientists: Researchers and scientists use network analyzer software to
perform advanced analysis and research on electronic devices and systems. They may require
access to specialized measurement techniques and data processing methods, as well as the
ability to perform advanced data visualization and statistical analysis.

Educators and Students: Educators and students use network analyzer software as a teaching
tool to introduce and reinforce concepts related to electronic measurements and analysis. They
may require a simplified user interface and step-by-step guidance to help them perform basic
measurement tasks and learn the principles of electronic measurement and analysis.

Quality Assurance and Production Staff: Quality assurance and production staff use network
analyzer software to perform quality control and verification tests on electronic devices and
systems during the manufacturing process. They may require a simplified user interface and
automated test procedures to help them quickly and efficiently perform basic measurement
tasks and ensure that devices meet the required specifications and standards.

3.7.3 Objects:
Network analyzer software objects are the building blocks of the software that allow users to
interact with the measurement system and perform measurement tasks. Here are some examples
of network analyzer software objects:

Instruments: Instruments are the physical devices used to perform measurements, such as vector
network analyzers (VNAs), spectrum analyzers, and oscilloscopes. In network analyzer
software, instrument objects provide a standardized interface for communicating with the
instrument and performing measurement tasks.

Measurements: Measurements are the specific tasks performed using the instruments, such as
measuring the S-parameters of a device or analyzing the frequency response of a filter. In
network analyzer software, measurement objects provide a standardized interface for
configuring and executing measurement tasks.

Data: Data objects represent the measurement results obtained from the instruments, such as
the S-parameters of a device or the frequency response of a filter. In network analyzer software,
data objects provide a standardized format for storing and manipulating measurement data, as
well as tools for visualizing and analyzing the data.

3.7.4 Feature:
Network analyzer software typically includes a wide range of features that allow users to
perform precise and accurate measurements of electronic devices and systems. Here are some
examples of network analyzer software features:

Measurement Capabilities: Network analyzer software provides access to a wide range of

measurement capabilities, such as time-domain reflectometry (TDR), vector network analysis
(VNA), and spectrum analysis. These measurement capabilities can be customized and
configured to meet specific measurement needs and requirements.

Data Analysis Tools: Network analyzer software includes a variety of data analysis tools that
allow users to analyze and visualize measurement data. These tools can include statistical
analysis, curve fitting, and data visualization tools, such as 2D and 3D graphs

3.7.5 Stimulus:
The system should be able to respond to various stimuli such as user input, system events, and
network traffic.

3.7.6 Response:
The system should provide appropriate responses to different stimuli depending on the context
and user requirements.

3.7.7 Functional Hierarchy:

The system should be designed with a clear functional hierarchy to ensure that all components
work together seamlessly.

3.8 Additional Comments:

The system should be designed with scalability in mind to allow for future expansion.
The system should provide adequate documentation for end-users and developers.
The system should be tested thoroughly to ensure that it meets all functional and non-functional
requirements.
Change Management Process:

Network analyzer software change management is a process that ensures that changes to the
software are made in a controlled and systematic way to minimize the risk of errors, defects,
and other problems. Here are some steps typically included in a network analyzer software
change management process:

Identify the Change: The first step in the change management process is to identify the need
for a change. This may be due to a bug or error in the software, a request from a customer, or a
change in regulatory requirements.

Evaluate the Change: The change request is evaluated to determine its impact on the software,
including the scope of the change, the risks associated with the change, and the resources
required to implement the change.

Develop the Change: The next step is to develop the change, which may involve coding, testing,
and documentation updates.

Test the Change: The change is then tested to ensure that it works as intended and does not
introduce any new defects or problems.

Review and Approve the Change: The change is reviewed by stakeholders to ensure that it
meets the requirements and is ready for release. This may involve approval from management,
quality assurance teams, and regulatory bodies.

Release the Change: The change is then released to users, along with documentation and
instructions for using the updated software.

Monitor the Change: After the change is released, it is monitored to ensure that it is functioning
correctly and to identify any new issues or bugs that may have been introduced.

By following a structured change management process, network analyzer software can

minimize the risk of errors, defects, and other problems, and ensure that changes are made in a
controlled and systematic way that maximizes the chances of success.
Document Approvals:
Network analyzer software typically undergoes a rigorous approval process to ensure that it
meets industry standards and regulatory requirements. Here are some examples of document
approvals that may be required for network analyzer software:

Design Documents: Design documents provide detailed information about the design of the
network analyzer software, including its architecture, software requirements, and design
specifications. These documents may be reviewed and approved by internal stakeholders, such
as project managers and software architects.

Verification and Validation Documents: Verification and validation documents provide

evidence that the network analyzer software has been tested and validated to meet the specified
requirements. These documents may be reviewed and approved by external stakeholders, such
as regulatory bodies or certification agencies.

User Manuals and Help Files: User manuals and help files provide guidance on how to use the
network analyzer software and its various features. These documents may be reviewed and
approved by technical writers and usability experts to ensure that they are clear, accurate, and
easy to understand.

Release Notes and Change Logs: Release notes and change logs provide information about
software updates, bug fixes, and new features. These documents may be reviewed and approved
by quality assurance teams to ensure that they accurately reflect the changes made to the
software and their impact on the overall performance and functionality of the network analyzer
software.
Supporting Information:

Network analyzer software typically requires a range of supporting information to ensure that
it can be used effectively and efficiently. Here are some examples of supporting information
that may be provided with network analyzer software:

User Guides and Manuals: User guides and manuals provide detailed information on how to
use the network analyzer software and its various features. These documents may include step-
by-step instructions, screenshots, and troubleshooting tips.

Application Notes: Application notes provide detailed information on how to use the network
analyzer software for specific applications and measurement tasks. These documents may
include detailed examples and use cases, as well as tips and best practices.

Knowledge Base: A knowledge base provides a searchable database of information on network

analyzer software, including frequently asked questions, troubleshooting tips, and solutions to
common problems.

Technical Support: Technical support provides users with access to experts who can answer
questions and provide assistance with using the network analyzer software. This may include
phone support, email support, or an online support forum.

Training Materials: Training materials provide users with the knowledge and skills they need
to effectively use the network analyzer software. These materials may include online courses,
webinars, and in-person training sessions.

By providing a range of supporting information, network analyzer software can help users to
quickly and easily get up to speed with the software and its features, and ensure that they are
able to use the software effectively and efficiently.