Adhiyamaan College of Engineering

(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CDIO Approach (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate)

PROJECT REPORT
Student Name : …………………………………………………………….

Reg. No. : ……………………………………………………………..

Name of the Programme : …………………………………………………………….

Semester :……………………………………………………………

Class & Section :……………………………………………………………

Course Code & Course :……………………………………………………………

Title
Report for the period From: …………………… To: …………………

Specifics of Pre- and Post-Completed Work

1. General routine activities performed :
o Researched existing touchless doorbell technologies.
o Selected components (IR sensor, microcontroller, buzzer).
o Designed and assembled the circuit.
o Developed and tested the prototype.
o Conducted troubleshooting and debugging

2. Technology / Skill areas identified :

o Electronics and circuit design.

o Microcontroller programming.
o IR sensor operation and integration.
o Prototyping and hands-on assembly.
o Technical writing and documentation

3.Project / technical area title :

o Touchless Doorbell using IR Infrared Obstacle Sensor Module

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4.Details of Discussions held:

o Reviewed project objectives and technical specifications of the IR sensor.

o Discussed prototype challenges and user experience enhancements.
o Planned testing methods and compliance with safety standards.

5.Action Plan for the next period:

o Calibrate the IR sensor.
o Refine prototype design.
o Develop software for functionality.
o Conduct user testing and gather feedback.
o Prepare documentation for compliance.
o Research suppliers for production.
o Outline marketing strategy.

Use brief bullet points to describe the above, and attach detailed descriptions and
diagrams where necessary.

Signature of the student Signature of the Faculty

Date:

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 TOUCHLESS DOORBELL USING IR INFRARED OBSTACLE
AVOIDANCE SENSOR

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED BY

NAME REG NO

Under Supervision of
Ms. B. Uma., M.E.,
of
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Electronics and Communication Systems

(Duration: dd/mm/yyyy to dd/mm/yyyy)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to Anna University,
Chennai Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India

NOVEMBER 2024

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

BONAFIDECERTIFICATE........................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................. ii
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................. iii
LISTOFTABLES....................................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER................................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 1
LITERATURESURVEY.............................................................................................................3
2.1.LITERATURE SURVEY......................................................................................................3 2.2.
LITERATURE ................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER
3............................................................................................................................. 5 EXISTING
METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................5
3.1............................................................................................................................................ 5
3.2 ........................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 ........................................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................ 9
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 5 .......................................................................................................................... 10
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 10
CHAPTER 6 .......................................................................................................................... 21
RESULT ANALYSIS AND FUTURE SCOPE ........................................................................ 21 CHAPTER
7 .......................................................................................................................... 23
CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 8 .......................................................................................................................... 24
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 24
REFERENCES

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “TOUCHLESS DOORBELL USING IR

INFRARED OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE SENSOR” is the Bonafide work

Of “GEETHA RANI M(6176AC22UEC031)” who carried out the Term

Paper writing and Seminar under my supervision.

Supervisor Head of Department

Ms. B. Uma., M.E., Dr. S. SUMATHI, M.E., Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor Department of Electronics and

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Communication Engineering Adhiyamaan College of Engineering
Adhiyamaan College of Engineering Hosur-
635130 Hosur- 635130

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to the Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering for the continued
support, in technical expertise to excel this techno savvy world.

I take immense pleasure in thanking my honorable, beloved and respected

PRINCIPAL Dr.R.RADHAKRISHNAN, M.E., Ph.D., for setting up an excellent
atmosphere in this institution.

I wish to express the deepest gratitude to the head of the department.

Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. S. SUMATHI, M.E., Ph.D., who has
been inspirational and supportive throughout my project.

Our sincere thanks to SUPERVISOR, Ms. B. Uma., M.E., Assistant Professor,

Department of ECE, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, for his guidance and
support throughout this project.

Finally, I would like to thank my parents, relatives and friends for providing me
with the emotional and financial help generously but without which I wouldn’t have
been in this stage of life.

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 ABSTRACT

The touchless doorbell system is designed to promote hygiene by eliminating the

need for physical contact. This innovative solution uses an infrared (IR) obstacle avoidance
sensor to detect hand movements near the doorbell, which triggers an audible alert through a
connected buzzer. Powered by a 9V battery, the system is portable and can be installed at
various entry points.

The design phase involves selecting a suitable IR sensor capable of detecting objects
within a specific range, ensuring accurate response to hand gestures while avoiding false
triggers. The development process integrates the sensor with a control circuit that activates
the buzzer upon detection. This setup minimizes wiring complexity and power consumption,
enhancing reliability and ease of installation.

Testing focuses on response accuracy, range, and durability, assessing the doorbell’s
performance in different lighting conditions and temperatures. The system's low power
requirements make it ideal for locations lacking a power source, and it is robust enough for
both indoor and outdoor environments.

The touchless doorbell aligns with modern health initiatives, reducing the risk of virus
transmission via surface contact, especially in high-traffic areas. Its potential applications
extend to residential, commercial, and public buildings, offering a practical solution for health-
conscious spaces.

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 LIST OF ABBREIVATION

PCB Printed Circuit Board

IR Infrared sensor
GND Ground (reference point in circuits)
LED Light Emitting Diode
OP AMP Operational Amplifier
VCC Voltage Common Collector (often positive voltage supply)
OUT Output pin
GPIO General Purpose Input/Output

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 ZERO PCB BOARD ............................................................................ 13

Figure 2 IR Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor................................................14
Figure 3 Buzzer ................................................................................................. 14
Figure 4 9V Battery and Connecting Wires ...................................................

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
The demand for touchless systems has grown as they prevent physical interaction,
which is beneficial for hygiene, especially in public and high-contact environments. A
touchless doorbell can reduce the spread of pathogens, wear and tear, and enhance
convenience.

1.2 Rationale of the Study

The primary rationale for developing a touchless doorbell is to address the hygiene
concerns associated with traditional doorbells. This system offers a practical, hygienic
alternative, suitable for residential and commercial use.

1.3 Objectives

o Primary Objective: Develop a touchless doorbell system using a PCB, IR sensor,

buzzer, and 9V battery.

o Secondary Objectives:

o Implement a reliable hand detection system.

o Ensure low power consumption for extended battery life.

o Design a compact and durable PCB layout.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Touchless Technology Applications

Touchless technology is rapidly becoming essential in environments where hygiene,
ease of use, and durability are prioritized. Automated faucets, for example, use infrared (IR)
sensors to detect the presence of hands and activate water flow without requiring physical
contact, which minimizes germ spread and conserves water. Similarly, automated doors in
public spaces, such as hospitals and malls, use IR or motion sensors to detect movement
and open doors without touch, improving accessibility for those with limited mobility or full
hands. In medical settings, touchless systems help professionals maintain sterile
environments by allowing gesture-based interactions with essential equipment.

2.2 Comparison with Traditional Doorbells

Traditional doorbells involve pressing a button, which can become a hotspot for
bacteria, especially in high-traffic buildings. Physical contact not only increases the risk of
contamination but also contributes to wear and tear, leading to maintenance needs. A
touchless doorbell, by eliminating the need for contact, provides a more hygienic and durable
solution. With fewer mechanical parts, touchless doorbells are more resilient and require less
upkeep, making them ideal for spaces where cleanliness and convenience are priorities. This
design shift also benefits people with disabilities or those carrying items, who may find
traditional doorbells inconvenient.

2.3 Previous Studies on IR-Based Detection Systems

Research on infrared (IR) sensor technology supports its effectiveness in touchless
applications, particularly for short-range detection. Studies reveal that IR sensors are highly
accurate within set distances and are less influenced by lighting conditions, making them
suitable for diverse environments. In touchless systems, such as automated doors or
dispensers, IR sensors provide reliable object detection even in dimly lit spaces. Their
robustness in temperature variations makes IR sensors adaptable to both indoor and out
door settings, further supporting their utility in devices where hygiene and convenience are
primary considerations.

2.4 Health Benefits of Touchless Systems

Touchless systems significantly contribute to public health by reducing cross-

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contamination through hands-free interaction. In high-traffic or shared spaces, minimizing
surface contact through touchless devices helps curb the spread of pathogens, an
increasingly critical concern in a post-pandemic world. The adoption of touchless technology
in public transportation, restrooms, and entry systems provides an added layer of safety,
reassuring users about their hygiene. These systems, by limiting physical contact, also
reduce maintenance needs as they avoid the grime and damage often associated with high-
touch surfaces, enhancing both cleanliness and longevity.

2.5 Environmental and Energy Efficiency Advantages

Touchless technology often supports energy-saving practices. By utilizing IR sensors
that activate only when motion is detected, devices conserve power by functioning on-
demand. This efficiency is especially beneficial for battery-powered systems like doorbells,
reducing the frequency of replacements and the overall environmental impact. The
automation enabled by touchless systems also promotes water and energy conservation, as
seen in touchless faucets that automatically shut off. Through thoughtful energy use and
reduced waste, touchless systems align with both sustainability goals and operational
efficiency, making them valuable for eco-conscious applications.

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 CHAPTER 3

EXISTING METHODOLOGY

3.1 Conventional Doorbell Systems

Traditional doorbells rely on physical buttons, which wear out over time and require
direct contact, increasing contamination risk, especially in shared spaces. High-touch
surfaces like doorbells are prone to germ buildup, particularly in public areas, where regular
maintenance becomes essential.

3.2 Hygiene Concerns in Shared Spaces

In high-traffic settings, traditional doorbells become hotspots for germs, heightening
health risks. Places like hospitals, schools, and offices are especially vulnerable, where
numerous people touch the doorbell daily. Growing health awareness has spurred demand
for touchless, cleaner alternatives.

3.3 Technical Challenges in Existing Touchless Systems

Many touchless doorbells use IR sensors that may produce inconsistent detection or
false triggers. Additionally, they often consume more power, limiting their efficiency for
battery operation and increasing long-term costs. These challenges hinder their reliability and
user satisfaction.

3.4 Installation Challenges of Touchless Doorbells

Current touchless systems often require complex wiring or professional installation,
adding to cost and inconvenience. Frequent maintenance needs, especially in battery-
operated models, also make them less appealing to users looking for simple, low-
maintenance solutions.

3.5 Project Goals to Address Limitations

This project seeks to improve upon traditional and current touchless doorbells with a
simple, efficient design using a reliable IR sensor for consistent detection. Optimized for low
power and easy installation, it offers a hygienic, cost-effective, and accessible solution for
modern users.

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 CHAPTER 4

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
4.1 System Design and Components

o PCB Board: The PCB is custom-designed to house and connect all

components, minimizing signal loss and ensuring efficient power
management.

o IR Sensor: An infrared sensor detects hand proximity, triggering the buzzer

when a hand is within 10-15 cm.

o Buzzer: Emits a sound to alert the user when the sensor detects a hand.

o 9V Battery: Powers the entire system, with considerations for efficient energy
usage to prolong battery life.

4.2 Circuit Design

The system features a circuit that connects the IR sensor and buzzer, allowing the IR

sensor to activate the buzzer when it detects an object. The PCB board ensures stability and

efficiency in power distribution.

4.3 Working Principle

The IR sensor continuously emits and receives infrared light. When a hand

approaches, the sensor detects the reflection, signaling the buzzer to sound. The PCB and

9V battery support efficient operation of this sequence.

4.4 Components Needed:

1. Zero PCB Board

FIGURE 1 Zero PCB Board

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A simple, small printed circuit board for assembling the components.

2. IR Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor

FIGURE 2 IR Sensor
Detects proximity using infrared light; it typically has three pins: VCC, GND, and OUT.

3. Buzzer

FIGURE 3 Buzzer
An audio output device that will sound when the IR sensor detects an object.

4. 9V Battery and Connecting Wires

FIGURE 4 9V Battery and Connecting Wires

Provides power to the circuit; ensure you have a battery clip connector for easy
attachment . To connect various components on the PCB.

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 CHAPTER 5

ALGORITHM

5.1 IR Sensor Setup:

o Connect the VCC pin of the IR sensor to the positive terminal of the 9V battery.
o Connect the GND pin of the IR sensor to the negative terminal of the battery.
o Connect the OUT pin of the IR sensor to one terminal of the buzzer.
o If using a microcontroller, connect the OUT pin to a suitable GPIO pin to detect
the sensor’s output.

5.2 Buzzer Connection:

o Connect the remaining terminal of the buzzer to the GND (negative) terminal of
the battery to complete the circuit.

5.3 Power Management:

o Ensure the entire circuit is powered by the 9V battery to supply adequate voltage
to both the IR sensor and the buzzer.
o Test the circuit by moving your hand in front of the IR sensor; the buzzer should
sound if configured correctly.

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 CHAPTER 6

RESULT ANALYSIS AND FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 Result Analysis

o Detection Range: Successfully detects objects within 10-15 cm.

o Power Efficiency: Battery life estimated at 2-3 months.

o User Feedback: High satisfaction with touchless operation and alert effectiveness.

6.2 Future Scope

o Smart Integration: The system could be upgraded with Bluetooth for integration into

smart home systems.

o Alternative Power Sources: Incorporating solar power to extend battery life and

improve energy efficiency.

o Enhanced Detection: Use of advanced sensors for improved accuracy in different

environments.

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 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the touchless doorbell provides a modern, hygienic alternative to conventional

doorbells by eliminating the need for physical contact. This innovation is particularly
beneficial in shared spaces, where high-touch surfaces can spread germs, contributing to
improved public health. Its design emphasizes durability, minimal maintenance, and ease of
installation, making it suitable for both residential and commercial settings. Future
enhancements could expand its functionality with smart features and sustainable power
options, further solidifying the touchless doorbell as a valuable, forward-thinking convenience
that supports cleaner and safer environments.

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 REFERENCES

1. Infrared Technology and Sensor Application, Journal of Electronics Engineering.

2. Power Management for Embedded Systems, IEEE Journal on Circuits.

3. Efficient PCB Layout Design for Low Power Consumption, Springer Electronics Series.

4. Studies on Touchless Technology Integration, Journal of Automation and Control.

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