Jwalpa Coaching

Classes

SCIENCE
(Biology)
Chapter 4: Heredity and Evolution
 HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
04

Address- Opp. to JP Badminton Academy ,Doon University Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand(248001)

Contact No.- +919012278599, +919557775650
(1)
 HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
04

Important Questions
➢ Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Human offspring’s sex is determined
(а) through father’s sex chromosomes.
(b) through mother’s sex chromosomes.
(c) by hormones.
(d) by enzymes.
2. Wing of a bird and wing of an insect are
(a) Homologous organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) vestigial organ
(d) both (a) and (b)
3. Which concept was not included in Charles Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection?
(a) Struggle for existence
(b) Punctuated equilibrium
(c) Survival of the fittest
(d) Overproduction of offspring.
4. The remaps (or impressions) of dead animals or plant? that lived in the remote past are known as
(a) extinct species
(b) fossils
(c) naturally selected species
(d) none of the above
5. Natural selection is called ‘survival of the fittest’. Which of the following statements best describes
an organism?
(a) How strong it is compared to other individuals of the same species.
(b) How much food and resources it is able to gather for its offspring.
(c) The ability to adapt to the environment in the niche it occupies.
(d) The number of fertile offspring it has.
6. The process by which new species develop from the existing species is known as
(a) Evolution
(b) Natural selection
(c) Artificial selection
(d) Speciation
7. The more characteristics two species have in common :
(a) More closely they are related and more recently they had a common ancestors.
(b) More distantly they are related and more recently they have common ancestors.
(c) More closely they are related and more distantly they have common ancestors.
(d) More distantly they are related and more distantly they have common ancestors.
8. A cross between two individuals results in a ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 :1 for four possible phenotypes of
progeny. This is an example of a
(a) Monohybrid cross
(b) Dihybrid cross
(c) Test cross

Address- Opp. to JP Badminton Academy ,Doon University Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand(248001)

Contact No.- +919012278599, +919557775650
(2)
 HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
04
(d) F1 generation
9. Two pink colored flowers on crossing results in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The
nature of the cross is:
(a) cross fertilization
(b) self-pollination
(c) double fertilization
(d) no fertilization
10. Differences between organisms in a species are described as variation. Which of the following
would you describe as continuous variation?
(a) Hair colour
(b) Eye colour
(c) Weight
(d) Sex
➢ Very Short Question:
1. Who proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characters?
2. Give an example of a vestigial organ present in human body.
3. Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
4. In terms of evolution, what is the significance of homology between a human hand and a wing of a
bird?
5. Name the scientist who established the laws of inheritance.
6. Define inheritance.
7. What is the function of genes in an organism?
8. What is gene?
9. What is speciation?
10. List any two factors that could lead to speciation.
➢ Short Questions:
1. What are fossils? How do they tell us about process of evolution?
2. Describe briefly four ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in population.
3. “Variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism only will survive in a population.”
Justify.
4. “The sex of the children are determined by what they inherit from their father and not the mother.”
Justify.
5. Give one example of each of the characters that are inherited and the ones that are acquired in
humans.
Mention the difference between the inherited and the acquired characters.
6.
(a) Write foil form of DNA.
(b) Why are variations essential for the species ? (CCE 2011)
7. How do sexual and asexual reproduction lead to speciation? Give one point for each.
8. List four tools used to study evolutionary relationships.
➢ LongQuestions:
1.
Address- Opp. to JP Badminton Academy ,Doon University Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand(248001)
Contact No.- +919012278599, +919557775650
(3)
 HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
04
• What is genetics?
• Give the common name of the plant on which Mendel performed his experiments.
• What for did Mendel use the term factors and what are these factors called now?
• What are genes? Where are the genes located?
2.
• What are chromosomes? Where are they seated?
• What is a sex chromosome?
• Explain the mechanism of sex determination in human beings.
3.
(a) What is geographical isolation?
(b) Illustrate formation of a species with the help of an example where individuals are very different
from each other and are capable of reproduction among themselves.
➢ Assertion Reason Questions
1. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: ln grasshoppers, females are hetero gametic and males are homo gametic.
Reason: ln grasshoppers, male has only one sex chromosome (XO) whereas the female has sex
chromosomes (XX).
2. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: A child which has inherited X chromosome from father will develop into a girl child.
Reason: Girl child inherits X chromosome from father and Y chromosome from mother.
➢ Case Study Questions:
1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Sex determination is the method by which distinction between males and females is established in a
species. The sex of an individual is determined by specific chromosomes. These chromosomes are called
sex chromosomes or allosomes. X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes. The normal
chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes of an individual are known as autosomes.
i. ln XX-XO type of sex determination:
a. Females produce two different types of gametes.
b. Males produce two different types of gametes.
c. Females produce gametes with Y chromosome.
Address- Opp. to JP Badminton Academy ,Doon University Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand(248001)
Contact No.- +919012278599, +919557775650
(4)
 HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
04
d. Males produce gametes with Y chromosome.
ii. A couple has six daughters. What is the possibility of their having a girl next time?
a. 10%
b. 50%
c. 90%
d. 100%
iii. Number of autosomes present in liver cells of a human female is:
a. 22 autosomes.
b. 22 pairs.
c. 23 autosomes.
d. 23 pairs.
iv. XX-XO type of sex determination and XX-XY type of sex determination are the examples of:
a. Male heterogamety.
b. Female heterogamety.
c. Male homogamety.
d. Both (b) and (c).
v. Select the incorrect statement.
a. ln male grasshoppers, 50% of sperms have no sex chromosome.
b. Female fruit fly is heterogametic.
c. Human male produces two types of sperms 50% having X chromosome and 50% having Y
chromosomes.
d. In turtle, sex determination is regulated by environmental factors.
2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
In human, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant over that for blue eyes (b). A brown eyed woman
marries a blue-eyed man, and they have six children. Four of the children are brown eyed and two of
them are blue eyed.
i. What is the genotype of blue-eyed offspring?
a. BB
b. Bb
c. bb
d. Cannot be determined.
ii. What is the woman's genotype?
a. BB
b. Bb
c. bb
d. Cannot be determined.
iii. The ovum, produced by the mother carries the gene regarding eye colour is:
a. BB
b. Bb
Address- Opp. to JP Badminton Academy ,Doon University Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand(248001)
Contact No.- +919012278599, +919557775650
(5)
 HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
04
c. B or b
d. B only.
iv. The ratio of brown eyed children to blue eyed children in this family is 2 : I, which deviates from
typical phenotypic ratios for monohybrid inheritance. What might be the reason?
a. Gametes carrying the brown eyed allele are more viable than those with the blue-eyed
allele.
b. A different pattern of inheritance other than monohybrid inheritance is involved.
c. Not all of their babies survived childbirth, thus causing a distortion in the actual ratio.
d. The actual ratio differs from the expected ratio because the sample size is too small.
v. What is the gene carried by of the man's spenn regarding the eye colour?
a. BB
b. Bb
c. b only
d. b or B.

Address- Opp. to JP Badminton Academy ,Doon University Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand(248001)

Contact No.- +919012278599, +919557775650
(6)