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Chapter 5 (Introduction to Programming)

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6 views

Chapter 5 (Introduction to Programming)

Uploaded by

sajidamuneerckmuneer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 5

Introduction to Programming
Character set

• The set of valid characters of C++ Language. It consists of letters, digits, special characters,
white spaces

Tokens
• Fundamental building blocks of C++ program. (Lexical units)

Classification of Tokens

• Keyword (Reserved word): They convey a specific meaning to the compiler.


Eg: float, if, break, switch

• Identifiers: Names given to different program elements.


(a) Variable: Name given to memory location.
(b) Label: Name given to a statement.
(b) Function name: Name given to a group of statements.

Rules to form an identifier:


• Identifier is a sequence of letters , digits and underscore.
• The first character must be letter or underscore
• Keywords cannot be used as identifiers.
• Special characters or white spaces cannot be used
Eg: score, score1, score_1, INT

• Literals(Constants): Constant values used in program.


(a) Integer literals: Whole numbers. Eg: 23, -145
(b) Floating literals: Constants having fractional parts.
Eg: 12.5, 1.87E05
(c) Character literals: A character in single quotes. Eg: ‘a’, ‘8’
Escape sequences are character constants

used to represent non graphic symbols. Eg: ‘\n’ , ‘\t’ etc

(d) String literals: One or more characters within double


quotes. Eg: “a”, “score1”
• Operators: Symbols that indicate an operation. Eg: +, <, *, &&

• Punctuators: Special symbols used in C++ program. Eg: # ; ( ] }

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