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Maths Project 2

Mathematics project section c

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2K views18 pages

Maths Project 2

Mathematics project section c

Uploaded by

muhammasaad8711
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATHEMATICS PROJECT

SESSION 2023-24
PROJECT-1

LINEAR REGRESSION

TO:

MR. Naved Sir (THE FACULTY OF Mathematics)


FOR THE CERTIFICATE OF I.S.C. XII Mathematics

PROJECT BY: Kanishka Jhabak

UID NO - _______________
Billabong High International School, Bhopal

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Kanishka Jhabak, student of


class XII of the batch 2023-24 has successfully
completed the research on the project titled
‘LINEAR REGRESSION’

under the guidance of Mr Naved Sir (Mathematics


Faculty) during session 2023-24 in partial fulfilment
of Mathematics practical examination conducted by
ISC.

Mr. Ashish Agrawal (Principal)

Signature of External Examiner

Signature of Internal Examiner


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to present the Mathematics
Project. It would not have been possible without the kind
support of Mr. Ashish Agrawal and teacher in charge, Mr
Naved Sir, under whose guidance and constant
supervision the project was brought to the present state.

I would also like to express my gratitude towards my


parents for their kind co-operation and encouragement
which helped me in the completion of this project.

I am also thankful to the ISC for giving me such an


amazing opportunity for making this project, and giving
a suitable instructions and guidelines for the project.

Last but not the least, I thank my friends who shared


necessary information and useful web links for preparing
my project. Thanks again to all.

S. No Content Page No.


1 Introduction 4-7

2 Properties of regression 8-10

3 Questions and answers 11-17

4 Bibliography 18

CONTENTS
Linear Regression

Introduction

 Linear regression is a technique used to model


the relationships between observed variables. The
idea behind simple linear regression is to "fit" the
observations of two variables.

 We can plot scatter diagram and visualise a


smooth curve approximating the data. This is
called curve fitting.

 The main purpose of curve fitting is to estimate


one of the variables(the dependent variable) from
the other(the independent variable).
 The process of estimation is often called
regression.

 The function y=f(x) is called regression function.

 The best fitting line y=a+bx is called regression line


of y on x.

 Similarly, if x is estimated to be y, then x=c+dy is


called regression line of x on y.

 Regression line of y on x(byx)


y-ȳ=byx(x-x̄)


 Regression line x on y(bxy)
x-x̄ =bxy(y-ȳ)


PROPERTIES OF LINES OF REGRESSION-
1. Correlation coefficient between the regression
coefficient

2.The value of ρ is oxcilating between -1 and +1

3.If one of the regression coefficient are greater than


unity, the other must be less than unity.
byx>1, then bxy<1
4.Arthmetic mean of regression coefficients are greater
than the correlation coefficients.

5.Angle between two regression lines is tan θ

 If ρ=0, then slope is not defined θ= 90°


lines are perpendicular.
 If ρ= ±1, then slope is not defined θ= 0°
lines are coincident.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question 1-
Calculate the regression coefficient and obtain the lines
of regression for the following data

Solution-
Regression coefficient of X on Y
(i) Regression equation of X on Y

(ii) Regression coefficient of Y on X

Question 2-
For 5 pairs of observations the following results are
obtained ∑X=15, ∑Y=25, ∑X2 =55, ∑Y2 =135, ∑XY=83
Find the equation of the lines of regression and
estimate the value of X on the first line when Y=12 and
value of Y on the second line if X=8.
Solution-

Y–5 = 0.8(X–3)
= 0.8X+2.6
When X=8 the value of Y is estimated as
= 0.8(8) +2.6
=9
Question 3-
The two regression lines are 3X+2Y=26 and 6X+3Y=31.
Find the correlation coefficient.
Solution-
Let the
regression
equation
of Y on X be
3X+2Y = 26

Question 4-
The following table shows the sales and advertisement
expenditure of a form
Coefficient of correlation r= 0.9. Estimate the likely
sales for a proposed advertisement expenditure of Rs.
10 crores.
Solution-

When advertisement expenditure is 10 crores i.e., Y=10


then sales X=6(10) +4=64 which implies sales is 64.

Question 5-
There are two series of index numbers P for price index
and S for stock of the commodity. The mean and
standard deviation of P are 100 and 8 and of S are 103
and 4 respectively. The correlation coefficient between
the two series is 0.4. With these data obtain the
regression lines of P on S and S on P.
Solution-

Y–5 = 0.8(X–3)
= 0.8X+2.6
When X=8 the value of Y is estimated as
= 0.8(8) +2.6= 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 brilliant.org
 Mathematics notebook
 Understanding ISC Mathematics-ML
Aggarwal
 Brainkart.com

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