ELEMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING- ECE101

Assignment-1

1. State Ohm’s Law, KVL and KCL with equations & Circuit Diagram.

2. Differentiate between N-type & P-type Semiconductor.

3. Differentiate between Forward Bias & Reverse Bias of a PN Junction diode.

4. Draw the V-I characteristics, circuit diagram & write equations for various approximation
models of diode?

5. If supply voltage is 12 V & load resistance is 4KΩ, then draw the circuit and find Q-point
using actual V-I characteristics of Si diode.

6. Draw & Explain Half Wave Rectifier with necessary waveforms.

7. Compare HWR, FWR & Bridge Rectifier.

8. A diode has leakage current of 10mA at certain temperature. Find the value of leakage
current when temperature is increased by 30°C.

9. At 300K, for a diode current of 1 mA, a certain Ge diode require a forward voltage of
0.1435V, whereas a certain Si diode requires a forward voltage of 0.781 V under
I O (¿)
condition given above, Find the ration of: .
I O (Si)

10. A silicon bar, 0.1 cm long, 100 μ m2 in cross-sectional area is doped with 1017 /cm3
antimony. Find current density at 300K with an electric field of 10V/cm.

Given: ni =1.45× 1010 /cm3 , μn=1350 cm2 /V −S

11. For a Zener diode, determine the range of input voltage for which Zener diode will
conduct. The given data: Rs =220Ω, Vz=20V, Pz(Max)= 1200mW, RL= 1.25kΩ. Draw the
circuit.

12. For a Half Wave rectifier, the internal resistance of the diode is 10Ω. The transformer
secondary resistance is 15Ω. Primary Voltage is 230V. N 1=100, N2=20, RL= 200Ω.
Determine: i) VDC ii) IDC iii) η iv) Ripple Factor, v) TUF vi) FF.
13. Derive the efficiency of a half wave rectifier.

14. Sketch the basic structure of PN junction diode, indicate the barrier potential, draw its
symbol, and show the polarity and current direction for forward bias?
15. Sketch typical forward and reverse characteristics for a germanium and silicon diode?
16. Define the terms (i) Knee voltage (ii) ac resistance (iii) break down voltage (iv) reverse
saturation current with respect to semiconductor diode?
17. Sketch characteristics for ideal diode, simplified diode and piecewise linear approximate
diode?
18. What is the purpose of a DC load line? Write the equation for drawing a DC load line for
a series circuit made up of DC supply voltage VS, a resistor R and a diode?
19. Determine ID, VD2 and Vo for the circuit shown in Fig.1?

Fig. 1
20. Sketch the output vO and determine the DC output voltage for the circuit shown in Fig.2?

Fig. 2
21. Derive the expression of ripple factor and efficiency for Full wave rectifier with two
diodes?
22. In the circuit of HWR the secondary winding resistance is 10Ω, the forward resistance of
the diode is 5Ω, the secondary rms voltage is 12V. determine (i) V odc (ii) Iodc (iii) Vorms (iv)
Iorms (v) γ (vi) η and (vii) PIV
23. Explain FWBR with circuit diagram and associated waveforms?
24. Compare HWR, FWR and FWBR
25. In Full Wave Bridge Rectifier what if you interchange secondary terminal of transformer
with load terminal, sketch the output voltage?
26. Explain the working of HWR with capacitor filter circuit and associated waveforms?
27. In FWR with capacitor filter, determine the value of the capacitor, if the frequency is
50Hz, load resistor R=100 Ω and ripple factor is assumed to be 4%.
28. Explain the working of zener diode with forward and reverse characteristics.
29. Explain how zener diode maintains constant voltage against variation in the input voltage
and acts as a regulator and protection device?
30. State Ohm’s Law, KVL, KCL with equations
31. Explain the terms Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, and write the equation for N I2
in both intrinsic, N type and P type Semiconductor
32. Show the formation of Junction Diode and explain the formation of Depletion layer and
barrier potential.
33. How Forward and reverse bias effects barrier potential
34. Draw the graphs and equivalent circuits , and write equations for of the 3 diode
approximations
35. If Supply voltage = 10 V and Resistance = 2KῺ, draw diode circuit and find Q point
using actual characteristics and load line graphically
36. Repeat same (Q35) for 3rd approximation numerically – use Rf = 10Ὼ and cut-in voltage
= 0.7V
37. Draw circuits for HWR, FWR, BR and their waveforms
38. Explain the waveforms of HWR and derive Vdc , Vrms .
39. Make a table of Vdc , Vrms Ripple Factor , Efficiency and Vm-out for all 3 rectifiers - HWR,
FWR, Bridge
40. For the network shown in Fig. 3, determine the voltages V1 and V3.
 Fig. 3

41. Calculate VAB for the network shown in Fig. 4

Fig. 4
42. For the network shown in Fig. 5, I1 = 2.5 A and I2 = −1.5 A. Calculate the current I3.

Fig. 5

43. A 230 V lamp is rated to pass a current of 0.26 A. Calculate its power output. If a second
similar lamp is connected in parallel to the lamp, calculate the supply current required to
give the same power output in each lamp.

44. If Vin max = 10 Volts, Find Vdc for HWR and FWR and BR assuming V cutin = 0.7V
 45. State ohm’s law. Calculate the resistance (R), conductance(G) and power for the circuit
shown in Fig. 6:

Fig. 6

46. Calculate the total current flowing in the circuit shown in Fig. 7 and find the potential
drop across 10 K resistor.

Fig. 7 (a)

Fig. 7 (b)

47. Calculate v1 and v5 for the given network shown in Fig. 8 when v3=16 V, v4= 4 V, v2=6 V,
v6=2 V.
 Fig. 8

48. What is doping? Explain with example different types of semi-conductors.

49. Does a semi-conductor conducts at ‘0’K. Give reason? Also explain the difference
between conductors, semi-conductors and insulator with the help of energy band
diagrams.
50. Explain the formation of depletion region when a p-n junction is reversed biased.
51. Define the cut in voltage and break down voltage for a diode?
52. Draw the ideal characteristics and the piece wise linear characteristics of a diode.
53. Find the current flowing in the diode shown in the circuit given in Fig. 9. Also find the
output voltage. Given the diode is Si.

Fig. 9

54. The diode connected in the circuit shown in Fig. 10 is made up of silicon. Calculate the
current and the output voltage of the circuit.

Fig. 10
55. Determine the forward current for the silicon diode if the saturation current is 10nA and
the voltage across the diode is 0.5V. (take =1)
56. Draw the circuit for half wave rectifier and the derive value of Vrms for half wave rectifier.
57. For a half wave rectifier, the internal resistance of diode is 10 ohm and the input rms
voltage is 12 V with the load resister of 2 kilo ohm. Determine:
 Vodc
 Iodc
 Vrms
 Ripple factor and efficiency of rectifier
58. With proper waveforms explain the working of bridge rectifier.
59. Explain how zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator.

60. Define resistance. Explain, how resistance of given resistor is calculated using color band

61. For the given resistor with color band

i. Red Red Black Silver

ii. Brown Yellow Orange Gold

Calculate the resistance rating

62. For a series connected resistor network, write equations for finding Equivalent resistance,
voltage drop across each resistor, and current flowing through resistor

63. For a Parallel connected resistor network, write equations for finding Equivalent
resistance, voltage drop across each resistor, and current flowing through resistor

64. Explain the difference between conductor, insulator, semiconductor

65. List different types of semiconductor

66. List difference between Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor

67. What are the differences between n type and p type extrinsic semiconductor

68. Write current diode current equation. Simplify the expression for forward and reverse
biased mode

69. In forward biased mode current flow is due to majority charge carriers. justify
70. In reverse biased mode current flow is constant. Why?

71. What is rectification? Explain the block diagram of rectification

72. Derive the expression for Idc, Irms, for half wave rectifier

73. Explain avalanche and Zener break down

74. Explain how capacitor filter is used to filter AC component present in the output of
rectifier

75. Write the equation for ripple factor for HWR and FWR with capacitor filter?

76. What are semiconductors? Differentiate between Intrinsic & Extrinsic semiconductor.

77. What is depletion region in PN junction? Describe the formation of depletion region with
neat diagram.

78. Draw V-I characteristic of PN diode & explain the operation of PN junction is forward &
reverse bias.

79. What are the applications of PN diode?

80. What characteristic of Zener diode is used in the design of Zener regulator circuit?

81. A PN junction diode is in series with a 100 KΩresistor & 3.5 V power supply. The
reverse saturation current of the diode is Is=5nA.

(a) Determine the diode current & voltage if the diode is Forward Bias

(b) Repeat part (a) if the diode is Reverse Bias

82. In circuit shown in Fig. 11, find the diode voltage VD and Supply voltage V such that the
current is I=0.4mA. Assume the diode cut-in voltage Vγ = 07V.

Fig. 11

83. What is doping?

84. Explain the Zener diode & it’s breakdown mechanism?

85. Describe the operation of bridge rectifier.

86. Derive the expression for ripple factor (γ) for half wave rectifier.

87. What is switching characteristic of diode?

88. Explain the theory of PN junction & explain how it acts as a diode.

89. What is the need of rectifier?

90. Prove that efficiency of half wave rectifier is 40%.