Date Planned : __ / __ / __ CBSE PATTERN Duration : 3 Hours

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 0 Maximum Marks : 70

= 
 =  + = 

 −
=  +


=   

 
=



= − 

 −  
 
 −    +  + 
 
 

( − ) + +
Level - 0 CBSE Pattern/Solutions

VSA: Very Short Answer Type (1 mark)

1. Uniform circular motion is periodic but not oscillatory.

2. A general oscillation can be regarded as SHM if during oscillation the acceleration of the particle towards
mean position, due to net restoring forces, must be directly proportional to its displacement from mean
position.

3. (i) 4 times the amplitude (ii) zero

4. In SHM, the velocity leads the displacement by a phase  / 2 radians and acceleration leads the velocity
by a phase  / 2 radians.

dx d
5. Since, x  A sin t , velocity of the particle is given by v   ( A sin t )  A  cos t .
dt dt
SA-I: Short Answer Type - I (2 marks)

6. (i) The motion of a freely-suspended magnet, if displaced from its N-S direction and released is
periodic. This is because the magnetic oscillates about its position with a definite period of time.
(ii) An arrow released from a bow moves only in the forward direction. It does not come backward.
Hence, this motion is not a periodic.

7. (i) During its rotation about its axis, earth comes to the same position again and again in equal
intervals of time. Hence, it is a periodic motion. However, this motion is not simple harmonic.
This is because earth does not have a to and fro motion about its axis.
(ii) An oscillating mercury column in a U mercury moves to and fro on the same path, about the
fixed position, with a certain period of time.

8. Maximum mass that the scale can read, M  50kg

Maximum displacement of the spring = Length of the scale, l  20 cm  0.2m
Time period, T = 0.6 s
Maximum force exerted on the spring, F  Mg
Where,
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m / s 2
F = 50  9.8  490
F 490
 Spring constant, k    2450 Nm 1
l 0.2
Mass m, is suspended from the balance.
m
Time period, T  2 
k
2 2
 T   0.6 
m   k     2450  22.36kg
 2   2  3.14 
Weight of the body = mg  22.36  9.8  219.167 N
Hence, the weight of the body is about 219 N.
9. Angular frequency of the piston,   200 rad / min
Stroke = 1.0 m,
1.0
Amplitude, A   0.5m
2
The maximum speed ( v max ) of the piston is give by the relation
v max  A  = 200  0.5  100 m / min

10. If soldiers while crossing a bridge march in steps, the frequency of the marching steps of solders may
match with natural frequency of oscillations of the suspended bridge. Resonance will take place in this
situation, then amplitude of the oscillations of the bridge will increase enormously, which may cause the
collapsing of bridge. So, to avoid this situation, marching troops are asked to break their steps while
crossing the bridge.

11. According to question, for two identical pendulums

1 1 E1 a2 1
E1  k a 2; E 2  k (na )2   
2 2 E2 n 2a 2 n2
1
12. PE of the oscillator at displacement y, U  m 2y 2
2
1
Maximum energy of the oscillator, E  m 2 A 2
2
1
According to question, U  E
2
1 1 A2 A
m 2y 2  m 2 A 2  y2   y
2 4 2 2

SA-II: Short Answer Type - II (3 marks)

13 (i) Zero, Positive, Positive (ii) Zero, Negative, Negative

(iii) Negative, Zero, Zero (iv) Negative, Negative, Negative
(v) Positive, Positive, Positive (vi) Negative, Negative, Negative
Explanation:
(i & ii) The given situation is shown in the following figure. Points A and B are the two end points, with
AB  10 cm . O is the midpoint of the path.

A particle is in linear simple harmonic motion between the end points

At the extreme point A, the particle is at rest momentarily. Hence, its velocity is zero at this
point.
Its acceleration is positive as it is directed along AO.
Force is also positive in this case as the particle is directed rightward.
At the extreme point B, the particle is at rest momentarily. Hence, its velocity is zero at this
point.
Its acceleration is negative as it is directed along B.
Force is also negative in this case as the particle is directed leftward.
 (iii)

The particle is executing a simple harmonic motion. O is the mean position of the particle. Its
velocity at the mean position O is the maximum. The value for velocity is negative as the particle
is directed leftward. The acceleration and force of a particle executing SHM is zero at the mean
position

(iv)
The particle is moving toward point O from the end B. This direction of motion is opposite to the
conventional positive direction, which is form A to B. Hence, the particle’s velocity and
acceleration, and the force on it are all negative

(v)
The particle is moving toward point O from the end A. This direction of motion is from A to B,
which is the conventional positive direction. Hence, the values for velocity, acceleration, and force
are all positive.

(vi)
This case is similar to the one given in (d).
14. Initially, at t = 0:
Displacement, x = 1 cm
Initial velocity, v   cm /sec .

Angular frequency,    rad /s1

It is given that: x t   A cos  t   

1  A cos    0     A cos 

A cos   1 ………(i)
dx
Velocity, v 
dt
   A  sin  t   

1   A sin    0      A sin 

A sin   1 ……….(ii)
Squaring and adding equations (i) and (ii), we get:

 
A 2 sin 2   cos2   1  1

A2  2
A  2 cm
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i), we get:
tan   1
3 7 
  , ,.........
4 4
 SHM is given as: x  B sin  t   

Putting the given values in this equation, we get: 1  B sin    0   

B sin   1 ……….(iii)
Velocity, v  B cos  t   

Substituting the given values, we get:

  B sin 
B sin   1 ………(iv)
Squaring and adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get:
B 2 sin 2   cos2    1  1
 
B2  2
B  2 cm
Dividing equation (iii) by equation (iv), we get:
B sin  1

B cos  1
  5
tan   1  tan   , ,..........
4 4 4
15. (i) Spring constant, k  1200 N m 1
Mass, m = 3 kg
Displacement, A = 2.0 cm = 0.02 M
Frequency of oscillation v, is given by the relation:
1 1 k
v 
T 2 m
Where, T is the time period
1 1200
v  3.18/ s
2  3.14 3
Hence, the frequency of oscillations is 3.18 /s.
(ii) Maximum acceleration (a) is given by the relation
a  2 A
Where,
k
 = Angular frequency =
m
A = Maximum displacement
k 1200  0.02
a  A  8 ms 2
m 3
Hence, the maximum acceleration of the mass is 8.0 m / s 2
(iii) Maximum velocity, v max  A 

k 1200
A  0.02   0.4 m / s
m 3
Hence, the maximum velocity of the mass is 0.4 m/s.
16. (i) Time period, T = 2 s
Amplitude, A = 3 cm

At time, t = 0, the radius vector OP makes an angle with the positive x-axis, i.e., phase
2

Angle   
2
Therefore, the equation of simple harmonic motion for the x- projection of OP, at time t, is given
by the displacement equation:
 2 t   2t    2t 
x  A cos     3 cos     3 sin  
 T   2 2   2 
x  3 sin t cm
(ii) Time period, T = 4 s
Amplitude, a = 2 m
At time t = 0, OP makes an angle  with the x-axis, in the anticlockwise direction. Hence phase
angle,    Therefore, the equation of simple harmonic motion for the x-projection of OP, at
time t, is given as:
 2t   2t 
x  a cos      2 cos   
 T   4 
 t 
x  2 cos   m
 2 
17. Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of moon, g  1.7 ms 2

Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth, g  9.8 ms 2

Time period of a simple pendulum on earth, T = 3.5 s
l
T  2
g

Where,
l is the length of the pendulum

T2  3.5 2
l  g   9.8 m
 2 2 4   3.14 
2

The length of the pendulum remains constant.

l
On moon’s surface, time period, T   2
g

 3.5 2
 9.8
2
4   3.14 
 2  8.4s
1.7
Hence, the time period of the simple pendulum on the surface of moon is 8.4 s.
18. Base area of the cork = A
Height of the cork = h
Density of the liquid = 1
Density of the cork = 
In equilibrium:
 Weight of the cork = Weight of the liquid displaced by the floating cork
Let the cork be depressed slightly by x. As a result, some extra water of a certain volume is displaced.
Hence, an extra up-thrust acts upward and provides the restoring force to the cork.
Up-thrust = Restoring force, F  Weight of the extra water displaced
F   Volume  Density  g 

Volume  Area  Dis tan ce through which the cork is depressed

Volume  Ax
 F   Ax 1g ……(i) According to the force law
F
F  kx ; k 
x
Where, k is a constant
F
k    A 1g …….(ii)
x
The time period of the oscillations of the cork:
m
T  2 ……….(iii)
k
Where,
m  Mass of the cork
= Volume of the cork  Density
= Base area of the cork  Height of the cork  Density of the cork
= Ah
Ah  h
Hence, the expression for the time period becomes: T  2  2
A 1g 1g

19. Amplitude, A  5cm  0.05m

Time period, T  0.2s
(i) For displacement, x  5cm  0.05 m
Acceleration is given by: a  2x
2 2
 2   2  2 2
   x     0.05  5 m / s
 T   0.2 
Velocity is given by:
2
v   A2  x 2   0.05 2   0.05 2  0
T
When the displacement of the body is 5 cm, its acceleration is 52 m / s 2 and velocity is 0.
(ii) For displacement, x  3cm  0.03m
2 2
 2   2 
Acceleration is given by: a  2 x     x  
2
  0.03  3 m / s
2
 T   0.2 
Velocity is given by: v   A 2  x 2

2 2 2
v A2  x 2   0.05 2   0.03 2   0.04  0.4  m / s
T T 0.2
When the displacement of the body is 3 cm, its acceleration is 3 m / s2 and velocity is
0.4  m / s
 (iii) For displacement, x  0
Acceleration is given by:
a  2 x  0
2
Velocity is given by: v   A2  x 2  A2  x 2
T
2 2
  0.05   0  0.5 m / s
T
When the displacement of the body is 0, its acceleration is 0 and velocity is 0.5  m / s .

20. The equation of displacement of a particle executing SHM at an instant t is given as:
x  A sin t
Where, A  Amplitude of oscillation
k
 = Angular frequency 
M
The velocity of the particle is:
dx
v  A  cos t
dt
The kinetic energy of the particle is:
1 1
Ek  Mv 2  M 2 A 2 cos2 t
2 2
The potential energy of the particle is:
1 1
E p  kx 2  M 2 A 2 sin 2 t
2 2
For time period T, the average kinetic energy over a single cycle is given as:
T T T T
1 1 1 1 1  cos 2t  1  sin 2t 
 Ek  Avg 
T  Ek dt 
T 2 MA 22 cos2 tdt 
2T
MA 22
 2
dt 
4T
MA 22 t 
 2  0

0 0 0
1 1
 MA 22  T   MA 22 ……..(i)
4T 4
And, average potential energy over one cycle is given as:
T T T
1 1 1 1 1  cos 2t 
 E p  Avg  T  E pdt  T  2 M 2 A 2 sin2 tdt 
2T
M 2 A 2
 2
dt
0 0 0
T
1  sin 2t  1 M 2 A 2
 M 2 A 2 t    M 2 A 2  T   ………(ii)
4T  2  0 4T 4
It can be inferred from equations (i) and (ii) that the average kinetic energy for a given time period is equal
to the average potential energy for the same time period.

21. A body set into oscillation, continues to oscillate for ever with the same amplitude if damping forces are
not acting, because mechanical energy is conserved. If damping forces are present, the amplitude of
oscillation gradually decreases because energy is dissipated. Such oscillations are called damped
oscillations. In most cases, the damping force is directly proportional to the speed e.g. viscous drag due
dx
to air. Thus damping force is bv, with displacement x and velocity v  is Fnet  kx  bv
dt
d 2x dx
Newton’s second law gives kx  bv  ma or m b  kx  0
2 dt
dt
where, b is damping constant
 b
 t
The solution for this equation is x (t )  A0e 2m cos( t  )
2
 b 
where,   2
0   and  is phase constant.
 2m 
 
k
( 0  , the angular frequency for the case with no damping)
m

22. The bob of the simple pendulum will experience the acceleration due to gravity and the centripetal
acceleration provided by the circular motion of the car.
Acceleration due to gravity = g
v2
Centripetal acceleration 
R
Where,
v is the uniform speed of the car
R is the radius of the track
Effective acceleration (a eff ) is given as

2
 2
v l
a eff  g2    ; Time period, T  2
 R  a eff
 
l
Where, l is the length of the pendulum  Time period, T  2
1/ 2
 v2 
 g2  
 R 2
 
23. The displacement equation for an oscillating mass is given by:
x  A cos  t   
Where,
A is the amplitude
x is the displacement
 is the phase constant
dx
Velocity, v    A  sin  t   
dt
At t  0, x  x 0
x 0  A cos   x 0 ........ i 
dx
And,  v0  A  sin 
dt
v0
A sin   ……(ii)

Squaring and adding equations (i) and (ii), we get:
 2 
2  v0

A 2 cos2   sin 2   x 0  
 2


 
2
A 2   v0 
x0  
  
2
2   v0 
Hence, the amplitude of the resulting oscillation is x 0  
  
24. Mass of the circular disc, m  10kg
Radius of the disc, r  15cm  0.15 m
The torsional oscillations of the disc has a time period, T  1.5s
1 1 2
The moment of inertia of the disc is: I  mr 2   10    0.15   0.1125 kg m 2
2 2
I
Time period , T  2

 is the torsional constant
2
4 2I 4      0.1125
   1.972 Nm / rad
T2 1.5 2
Hence, the torsional spring constant of the wire is 1.972 Nm rad 1

LA: Long Answer Type (5 marks)

25. (i) The given function is: sin t  cos t

 1 1      
 2 sin t  cos t   2 sin t  cos  cos t  sin   2 sin  t  
 2 2   4 4  4
This function represents SHM at it can be written in the form: a sin  t   
2
Its period is:

(ii) Periodic, but not SHM. The given function is:
1
sin 3 t  3 sin t  sin 3t 
4
The terms sin t and sin t individually represent simple harmonic motion (SHM). However, the
superposition of two SHM is periodic and not simple harmonic.
(iii) SHM
   
The given function is: 3 cos   2t   3 cos 2t  
4   4
This function represents simple harmonic motion because it can be written in the
form: a cos  t   
2 
Its period is: 
2 
(iv) Periodic, but not SHM
The given function is cos t  cos 3t  cos 5t . Each individual cosine function represents SHM.
However, the superposition of three simple harmonic motions is periodic, but not simple
harmonic.
(v) Non-periodic motion

The given function exp 2t 2   is an exponential function. Exponential functions do not repeat

themselves. Therefore, it is a non-periodic motion.

(vi) The given function 1  t  2t 2 is non-periodic.
26. (i) Area of cross-section of the U-tube = A
Density of the mercury column = 
Acceleration due to gravity = g
Restoring force, F = Weight of the mercury column of a certain height
F   Volume  Density  g 
F    A  2h    g   2 A gh  k  Displcement in one ofarms h 
Where, 2h is the height of the mercury column in the two arms
F
k is a constant, given by k    2 A g
h
m m
Time period, T  2  2
k 2 A g
Where, m is the mass of the mercury column
Let l be the length of the total mercury in the U-tube
Mass of mercury, m  Volume of mercury × Density of mercury = Al
Al  l
T  2  2
2 A g 2g

l
Hence, the mercury column executes simple harmonic motion with time period  2
2g

(ii) Volume of the air chamber = V

Area of cross-section of the neck = a
Mass of the ball = m
The pressure inside the chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Let the ball be depressed by x units. As a result of this depression, there would be a decrease in
the volume and an increase in the pressure inside the chamber.
Decrease in the volume of the air chamber, V  ax
Change in volume
Volumetric strain =
Original volume
V ax

V V
Stress p
Bulk Modulus of air, B  
Strain ax
V
In this case, In this case, stress is the increase in pressure. The negative sign indicates that
pressure increases with a decrease in volume.
Bax
p
V
The restoring force acting on the ball,
Bax
F  p a  .a
V
Ba 2 x
 ……….(i)
V
In simple harmonic motion, the equation for restoring force is:
F  kx ………(ii)
Where, k is the spring constant
 Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get:
Ba 2
k 
V
m Vm
Time period, T  2  2
k Ba 2
27. Mass of the automobile, m  3000 kg
Displacement in the suspension system, x 15cm  0.15 m
(i) There are 4 springs in parallel to the support of the mass of the automobile.
The equation for the restoring force for the system:
F  4kx  mg
Where, k is the spring constant of the suspension system
m mg 3000  10
Time period, T  2  and k    5000  5  10 4 N / m
4k 4x 4  0.15

Spring constant, k  5  104 N / m

3000
Each wheel supports a mass, M   750kg
4
(ii) For damping factor b, the equation for displacement is written as:
x  x 0e bt / 2M
The amplitude of oscillation decreases by 50%
x0
x 
2
x0
 x 0e bt / 2 M
2
bt
loge 2 
2M
2M loge 2
b
t
Where,
m 3000
Time period, t  2  2  0.7691s
4k 4  5  104
2  750  0.693
b  1351.58kg / s
0.7691
Therefore, the damping constant of the spring is 1351.58 kg/s