VTAMPS 17 SECONDARY 2 SET 1

LOGICAL THINKING

1. 15th April, 2025 is Tuesday, which day of the week will 11th April, 2035 be?

2. There are some pigs and spiders in a room. The number of spiders is 15 more than 4times
the number of pigs. The total number of legs of spiders is 260 more than that of pigs. How
many spider(s) is/are there? (A spider has eight legs.)

3. It is given that the ratio of ages of Ashley and Brian is 2:3. The ratio of ages of Brian and
Chaney is 5:11. The ratio of ages of Chaney and Dean is 3:7. Their grandpa divides 1215ml
of orange juice between them in the ratio of their ages. How many ml of juice does Dean
get?

4. Find the average of the following sequence:

203, 212, 221, 230, … , 2417, 2426, 2435

5. There are 41 coins on the hands of Neji. There are only 13 coins with tail sides facing up on
his right hand and there are 19 coins with head sides facing up on his left hand. Find the
maximum number of coin(s) with tail side(s) facing up.

ALGEBRA

6. Given that 𝑥 is a real number, find the minimum value of 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 30.

7. Factorize 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 18𝑥 + 81.

4𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 57 = 0
8. Find the value of 𝑦 + 𝑥 if { .
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 90 = 0

9. Given 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the roots of 4𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 52 = 0, find the value of 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 .

10. How many positive integral solution(s) is/are there for 𝑥 if −33 ≤ 9𝑥 − 11 ≤ 54?

NUMBER THEORY
11. It is known that 𝑥 is rational, 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 = √−27 + 12√−27 + 12√−27 + 12√…. Find the
maximum value of 𝑥.

12. Find the sum of all positive factor(s) of 2872.

13. If (𝑥 + 2) is a factor of polynomial 923𝑥 2 + 1868𝑥 + 𝑐, find the value of 𝑐.

14. A 4-digit number has a remainder 1 when divided by 5, has a remainder 3 when divided by
7 and has a remainder 11 when divided by 15. What is such smallest 4-digit number?

15. Find the remainder for 119178 divided by 16.

GEOMETRY

16. If a straight line 𝐿 passes through 𝐵(−3,27), and the slope of 𝐿 is 13. Find the 𝑦-intercept of
𝐿.

17. For four points on a coordinate plane 𝐴(−12,7), 𝐵(−7, −5), 𝐶(3,1) and 𝐷(6,9), find the area
of the convex quadrilateral formed by using those four points as vertices.

18. The interior angles of an irregular eleven-sided polygon measure

157°, 138°, 155°, 150°, 114°, 163°, 140°, 129°, 156°, and 178°. What is the size of the
eleventh interior angle?

19. There are 14 points on a circle. How many different decagon(s) can we draw with those
points as its vertices?

20. If the lengths of a triangle are 16,30, and 34, find the area of the triangle.

COMBINATORICS

21. How many 4-digit numbers is/are there in which the sum of digits is 33?

22. There are eight apples and ten oranges. Seven fruits are chosen from these fruits. Find the
probability that fewer than two oranges are chosen from those fruits.

23. Two fair 8-face dice are thrown. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers obtained
is a multiple of 7.

24. If 𝑥 is an integer and 30𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 + 25𝑦 = −3, find the sum of possible values of 𝑥.

25. In how many different ways can the letters of the word “CAMPFIRE” be arranged so that
the vowels have to be placed at two ends?
 VTAMPS 17 SECONDARY 2 SET 1 SOLUTION MANUAL

LOGICAL THINKING

1. 15th April, 2025 is Tuesday, which day of the week will 11th April, 2035 be?
Answer: Wednesday
Solution:
2035 − 2025 years + 2 Leap years – 4 days
10 + 2 − 4 = 12 − 4 = 8
8(𝑚𝑜𝑑 7) = 1
Since April 15 is a Tuesday, then we count 1 day forward. Hence, Wednesday.

2. There are some pigs and spiders in a room. The number of spiders is 15 more than 4times
the number of pigs. The total number of legs of spiders is 260 more than that of pigs. How
many spider(s) is/are there? (A spider has eight legs.)
Answer: 35
Solution:
Let 𝑥 be the number of spiders and 𝑦 be the number of pigs.
From the given, we have the following equations:
𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 15
8𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 260
We want to eliminate 𝑦 to directly solve for 𝑥, Eliminating 𝑦,
7𝑥 = 245
𝑥 = 35.

3. It is given that the ratio of ages of Ashley and Brian is 2:3. The ratio of ages of Brian and
Chaney is 5:11. The ratio of ages of Chaney and Dean is 3:7. Their grandpa divides 1215ml
of orange juice between them in the ratio of their ages. How many ml of juice does Dean
get?
Answer: 693
Solution:
Let’s use their initials for simplification.
𝐴: 𝐵: 𝐶
⟹ 2(3): (3)(5): 3(11)
⟹ 10: 15: 33
𝐴: 𝐵: 𝐶: 𝐷
⟹ 10(1): 15(1): (33)(1): 7(11)
 ⟹ 10: 15: 33: 77
Now,
10𝑥 + 15𝑥 + 33𝑥 + 77𝑥 = 135𝑥
135𝑥 = 1215
𝑥=9
Solving for Dean’s share
77𝑥 = 77(9) = 693.

4. Find the average of the following sequence:

203, 212, 221, 230, … , 2417, 2426, 2435
Answer: 1319
Solution:
Simply take the average between the least and greatest numbers, that is
2435 + 203 2638
= = 1319
2 2

5. There are 41 coins on the hands of Neji. There are only 13 coins with tail sides facing up on
his right hand and there are 19 coins with head sides facing up on his left hand. Find the
maximum number of coin(s) with tail side(s) facing up.
Answer: 22
Solution:
41 − 19 = 22

ALGEBRA

6. Given that 𝑥 is a real number, find the minimum value of 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 30.
Answer: 18
Solution:
To get the minimum,
𝑏2
𝑐−
4𝑎
122
= 30 −
4(3)
= 30 − 12
= 18.
2 2
7. Factorize 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 18𝑥 + 81.
Answer: (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 9)(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 9) 𝑜𝑟 (𝑥 − 𝑦 − 9)(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 9)
Solution:
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 18𝑥 + 81
= 𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 81 − 𝑦 2
= (𝑥 − 9)2 − 𝑦 2
By special products,
 (𝑥 − 9)2 − 𝑦 2
= (𝑥 − 9 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 9 − 𝑦)
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 9)(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 9)

4𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 57 = 0
8. Find the value of 𝑦 + 𝑥 if { .
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 90 = 0
Answer: −3
Solution:
Let’s first eliminate 𝑥 by multiplying 4 to 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 90 = 0 and 5 to 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 57 = 0, that
is
4(5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 90) = 4(0)
20𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 360 = 0
And
5(4𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 57) = 5(0)
20𝑥 + 35𝑦 + 285 = 0

Subtracting one from the other, we have

20𝑥 + 35𝑦 + 285 − (20𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 360) = 0 − 0

20𝑥 + 35𝑦 + 285 − 20𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 360 = 0
43𝑦 + 645 = 0
43𝑦 = −645
𝑦 = −15
Substituting 𝑦 = −15 to either equation, we get
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 90 = 0 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 57 = 0
5𝑥 − 2(−15) − 90 = 0 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 + 7(−15) + 57 = 0
5𝑥 + 30 − 90 = 0 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 − 105 + 57 = 0
5𝑥 − 60 = 0 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 − 48 = 0
5𝑥 = 60 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 = 48
𝑥 = 12
Now, solving for 𝑦 + 𝑥
(−15) + (12) = −3

9. Given 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the roots of 4𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 52 = 0, find the value of 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 .

Answer: 74
Solution:
4𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 52 = 0
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 13 = 0
Since 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the roots, it follows that
𝑎 + 𝑏 = −10
𝑎𝑏 = 13
Now,
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏
 = (−10)2 − 2(13)
= 100 − 26
= 74
10. How many positive integral solution(s) is/are there for 𝑥 if −33 ≤ 9𝑥 − 11 ≤ 54?
Answer: 7
Solution:

−33 ≤ 9𝑥 − 11 ≤ 54
−22 ≤ 9𝑥 ≤ 65
22 65
− ≤𝑥≤
9 9
𝑥 = {−2, −1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
7 positive integral solutions for 𝑥.

NUMBER THEORY

11. It is known that 𝑥 is rational, 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 = √−27 + 12√−27 + 12√−27 + 12√…. Find the
maximum value of 𝑥.
Answer: 9
Solution:

𝑥 = √−27 + 12√−27 + 12√−27 + 12√…

𝑥 = √−27 + 12𝑥
𝑥 2 = −27 + 12𝑥
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 27 = 0
(𝑥 − 9)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥 − 9 = 0, 𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 = 9, 𝑥 = 3
𝑥 = {3,9}

12. Find the sum of all positive factor(s) of 2872.

Answer: 5400
Solution:
2872 = 23 × 359
To get the sum of all positive factors,
(20 + 21 + 22 + 23 )(3590 + 3591 )
= 15 × 360
= 5400
13. If (𝑥 + 2) is a factor of polynomial 923𝑥 2 + 1868𝑥 + 𝑐, find the value of 𝑐.
Answer: 44
 Solution:
Let 𝑥 = −2
(923 × (−2)2 ) + 1868(−2) + 𝑐 = 0
3692 − 3736 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑐 = 44

14. A 4-digit number has a remainder 1 when divided by 5, has a remainder 3 when divided by
7 and has a remainder 11 when divided by 15. What is such smallest 4-digit number?
Answer: 1046
Solution:
𝑥 ≡ 1(𝑚𝑜𝑑 5) ≡ −4
𝑥 ≡ 3(𝑚𝑜𝑑 7) ≡ −4
𝑥 ≡ 11(𝑚𝑜𝑑 15) ≡ −4
𝐿𝐶𝑀(5,7,15) = 105
𝑥 = 105𝑛 − 4
𝑥 = 105(10) − 4
𝑥 = 1050 − 4
𝑥 = 1046

15. Find the remainder for 119178 divided by 16.

Answer: 1
Solution:

119 ≡ 7 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 16)

1192 ≡ 72 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 16)
1192 ≡ 49 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 16)
1192 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 16)
(1192 )89 ≡ 189 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 16)
119178 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 16)

GEOMETRY

16. If a straight line 𝐿 passes through 𝐵(−3,27), and the slope of 𝐿 is 13. Find the 𝑦-intercept of
𝐿.
Answer: 66 𝑜𝑟 (0,66)
Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
27 = −3(13) + 𝑏
𝑏 = 39 + 27 = 66
Hence, 𝑦-intercept is (0,66)

17. For four points on a coordinate plane 𝐴(−12,7), 𝐵(−7, −5), 𝐶(3,1) and 𝐷(6,9), find the area
of the convex quadrilateral formed by using those four points as vertices.
Answer: 144
Solution:
By using the shoelace formula
 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷 𝐴
𝑥 −12 −7 3 6 −12
𝑦 7 −5 1 9 7

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
1
= |60 + (−7) + 27 + 42 − (−49) − (−15) − (6) − (−108)|
2
1
= |122 − (−166)|
2
1
= (288) = 144
2

18. The interior angles of an irregular eleven-sided polygon measure

157°, 138°, 155°, 150°, 114°, 163°, 140°, 129°, 156°, and 178°. What is the size of the
eleventh interior angle?
Answer: 140
Solution:
(𝑛 − 2) × 180°
= (11 − 2) × 180°
= 9 × 180°
= 1620
1620 − 157 − 138 − 155 − 150 − 114
−163 − 140 − 129 − 156 − 178
= 1620 − 1480
= 140

19. There are 14 points on a circle. How many different decagon(s) can we draw with those
points as its vertices?
Answer: 1001
Solution:
14
( ) = 1001
10

20. If the lengths of a triangle are 16,30, and 34, find the area of the triangle.
Answer: 240
Solution:
This triangle is a right triangle, a multiple of the Pythagorean triple
8: 15: 17
Hence, area should be
1
(16 × 30) = 16 × 15 = 240.
2
 COMBINATORICS

21. How many 4-digit numbers is/are there in which the sum of digits is 33?
Answer: 20
Solution:
Let’s count.
4!
{9,9,9,6} = = 4
3!
4!
{9,9,8,7} = = 12
2!
4!
{9,8,8,8} = = 4
3!
All in all
4 + 12 + 4
= 20

22. There are eight apples and ten oranges. Seven fruits are chosen from these fruits. Find the
probability that fewer than two oranges are chosen from those fruits.
2
Answer: 221
Solution:
10 8 8
( ) ( ) + ( ) 10(28) + 8 288
1 6 7 = =
18 31824 31824
( )
7
2
=
221

23. Two fair 8-face dice are thrown. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers obtained
is a multiple of 7.
9
Answer: 64
Solution:
Let’s count.
For 7:
{6,1} = 2! = 2
{5,2} = 2! = 2
{4,3} = 2! = 2
For 14:
{8,6} = 2! = 2
{7,7} = 1

All in all,
2+2+2+2+1=9
Hence,
 9
.
64

24. If 𝑥 is an integer and 30𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 + 25𝑦 = −3, find the sum of possible values of 𝑥.
Answer: 1
Solution:
30𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 + 25𝑦 = −3
30𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 + 25𝑦 + 20 = 17
(6𝑥 + 5)(5𝑦 + 4) = 17

6𝑥 + 5 = 17, 5𝑦 + 4 = 1
6𝑥 = 12,5𝑦 = −3
3
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = − .
5

6𝑥 + 5 = −1, 5𝑦 + 4 = −17
6𝑥 = −6, 5𝑦 = −21
21
𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = − .
5

Sum of possible values of 𝑥,

2 + (−1) = 2 − 1 = 1.

25. In how many different ways can the letters of the word “CAMPFIRE” be arranged so that
the vowels have to be placed at two ends?
Answer: 4320
Solution:
3 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 × 2 = 4320