CP1 Study Guide 2025
CP1 Study Guide 2025
Subject CP1
2025 Study Guide
Contents
1 Introduction
This Study Guide has been created to help you navigate your way through Subject CP1. It contains
useful information you will need before starting to study Subject CP1 for the 2025 exams. You
may also find it useful to refer to throughout your studies.
Please read this Study Guide carefully before reading the Course Notes, even if you have studied
for some actuarial exams before.
The Tables are available from the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries’ eShop. Please visit
actuaries.org.uk.
Associateship Qualification
Actuarial Practice (Subject CP1) builds upon principles and techniques from:
Business Finance (Subject CB1) and Business Economics (Subject CB2)
Actuarial Statistics (Subject CS1) and Risk Modelling & Survival Analysis (Subject CS2)
Actuarial Mathematics for Modelling (Subject CM1) and Economic Modelling (Subject
CM2).
Fellowship Qualification
Actuarial Practice underpins the Specialist Principles Subjects (Subjects SP1–SP9) and the
Specialist Advanced Subjects (Subjects SA1–SA7), where the concepts developed in this subject
are used to solve more complex problems, produce coherent advice and make recommendations
in specific practice areas.
Actuarial Practice also provides an essential introduction to Subject SP9 (Enterprise Risk
Management) and the Chartered Enterprise Risk Actuary credential.
The following table shows how the parts and chapters relate to each other. The final column
shows how the chapters relate to the days of the regular tutorials. This table should help you plan
your progress across the study session.
No of X Tutorial –
Part Chapter Title
pages Assignment 5 days
0 What is Subject CP1 all about? 29
1 Actuarial advice 29
1 2 External environment 27
3 Regulation 34
Introduction to financial products and X1 1
4 28
customer needs
5 Benefits overview and providers of benefits 29
2 6 Life insurance products 37
7 General insurance products 31
8 Bond and money markets 27
9 Equity and property markets 26
3 10 Other investment classes 38
11 Behaviour of the markets 49
12 Valuation of investments 35
X2 2
Relationship between returns on asset
13 15
classes
No of X Tutorial –
Part Chapter Title
pages Assignment 5 days
24 Risk governance 23
25 Risk identification and classification 37
7
26 Financial product and benefit scheme risks 40
27 Accepting risk 23 X4 4
28 Risk measurement and reporting 30
8 29 Risk transfer 45
30 Other risk controls 44
31 Provisions 28
32 Valuation of liabilities 28
9
33 Reporting results 19
34 Insolvency and closure 25
35 Capital management 28 X5 5
36 Capital requirements 25
10 37 Surplus and surplus management 43
38 Monitoring 34
39 Glossary 26
3 Syllabus
The Syllabus for each subject is produced by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries. It includes
information to support the study of this subject. The Syllabus will guide you through what you
need to learn, the application of learning, as well as the skills that you need to develop.
Students can use the Syllabus as a guide for learning and development. We recommend that you
use the Syllabus as an important part of your study.
3.1 Aim
The aim of Subject CP1 is to understand how to apply the underlying actuarial principles,
mathematical and statistical techniques, as well as business finance and economics concepts, to a
range of problems and issues in commercial and business environments, focussing on problems
and issues in financial services, with application to wider domains and industries.
The topic weighting percentage noted alongside the topics is indicative of the volume of content
of a topic within the subject and therefore broadly aligned to the volume of marks allocated to
this topic in the examination. For example, if a topic is 20% of the subject then you can expect
that approximately 20% of the total marks available in the examination paper will be available on
that topic.
Students should ensure that they are well prepared across the entire syllabus and have an
understanding of the principal terms used within the course. These principal terms are covered
throughout the course notes, particularly in Chapter 39.
3.3 Objectives
The detailed syllabus objectives for Subject CP1 are given below. To the right of each objective are
the chapter numbers in which the objective is covered in the ActEd course. The relevant
individual syllabus objectives are also included at the start of each course chapter.
Recognise the considerations in providing actuarial advice and meeting the needs of
stakeholders and the main benefits and financial products that actuaries advise on:
1.1 Understand the clients that actuaries advise and the considerations to ensure that
this advice meets the needs of stakeholders. (Chapter 1)
1.1.1 How stakeholders other than the client may be affected by any actuarial
advice given.
1.1.3 Why and how certain factual information about the client should be
sought in order to be able to give advice.
1.1.5 The professional and technical standards that may apply to actuarial
advice.
1.2 Understand the main benefits and financial products that actuaries advise on.
(Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7)
1.2.2 Main types of social security benefits and financial products and how they
can provide benefits on contingent events that meet the needs of clients
and stakeholders.
1.2.3 Main principles of insurance and pensions that impact on these benefits
and products.
2.1.1 Principles and aims of prudential and market conduct regulatory regimes.
2.1.2 The role that major financial institutions can play in supporting the
regulatory and business environment.
2.2 Understand the various external forces on an organisation and their impact.
(Chapter 2)
2.2.1 The implications of external forces on financial products for the main
providers of financial products:
legislation, regulation, tax and accounting standards
State benefits
capital adequacy and solvency
corporate governance and risk management requirements
competitive advantage and commercial requirements
changing cultural and social trends, demographic changes and
lifestyle considerations
climate change and other environmental issues
international practice
technological changes.
2.3.1 The characteristics of the principal investment assets and of the markets
in such assets.
2.3.2 How the risk profile of the principal investment assets affects the market
in such assets.
Understand how to identify, classify, measure and manage risks in a range of commercial
situations including use of the actuarial control cycle for risk management:
3.1.1 The actuarial control cycle and the purpose of each of its components.
3.1.2 How the actuarial control cycle can be applied in a variety of practical
commercial situations, including its use as a risk management control
cycle.
3.2.1 The risk management process for a business that can aid in the design of
financial products.
3.2.3 How enterprise risk management can add value to the management of a
business.
3.3 Identify risks and understand how risk classification can be used in the design of
financial products or for actuarial problem solving. (Chapters 25, 26 and 27)
3.3.1 Techniques used to identify the risks associated with financial products for
their purchasers and providers.
3.3.3 How risk classification can aid the design of financial products.
3.3.4 The possible risk categories that apply to businesses in general, and
particularly financial services businesses.
3.4 Understand and apply the main methods of measuring and monitoring risk that
can be used. (Chapter 28)
3.4.2 Uses of scenario analysis, stress testing and stochastic modelling in the
evaluation of risk.
3.4.4 The methods of measuring and reporting risk that can be used by the
main providers of financial products.
3.5 Understand the main factors to be considered in deciding on the contract design
of financial products.
3.6 Recognise the potential risks and issues in working with data and understand how
to manage those issues and risks. (Chapter 18)
3.6.1 Ethical and regulatory issues associated with the use of data, and data
governance.
3.6.2 Data requirements for determining values for assets, future benefits and
future funding requirements.
3.6.4 Circumstances under which the ideal data may not be available and ways
in which this can be addressed.
Understand how models are used to solve actuarial or financial problems, including the
considerations in setting the assumptions to be used for modelling, and apply relevant
approaches and techniques to the valuation of liabilities:
4.1 Understand how models are used to solve actuarial or financial problems.
(Chapter 17)
4.1.4 How sensitivity analysis of the results of the models can be used to help
decision making.
4.3 Understand the considerations for determining the cost of a financial product or
benefit and the price charged to the consumer. (Chapter 23)
4.3.2 The factors to take into account when determining the appropriate level
and incidence of contributions to provide benefits on contingent events.
4.4.1 The principles and objectives of investment management and the needs
of an investor, taking into account liabilities, liquidity requirements and
risk appetite.
4.4.3 The theoretical relationships between the total returns and the
components of total returns, on equities, bonds and cash, and price and
earnings inflation.
4.5.1 Reasons for the valuation of the benefits from financial products and the
impact on the choice of methodology and assumptions.
4.6 Understand the relationship between assets and liabilities. (Chapters 15 and 16)
4.6.2 How actuarial techniques such as asset / liability modelling may be used
to develop an appropriate investment strategy.
4.6.4 The techniques used to construct and monitor a specific asset portfolio.
4.7 Understand stakeholder responses to risk and how they can be managed.
(Chapters 27, 29 and 30)
4.7.2 Difference between the risks taken as an opportunity for profit and the
risks to be mitigated.
4.8 Recognise the importance of capital for an organisation. (Chapters 35 and 36)
4.8.3 How the main providers of benefits on contingent events can meet,
manage and match their capital requirements.
4.8.7 Use of internal models for assessment of economic and regulatory capital
requirements.
5.1.1 How the main providers of financial products can control and manage the
cost of:
payments arising on contingent events
expenses associated with the payment of benefits.
5.2 Analyse and understand performance and the considerations for an organisation
to distribute surplus. (Chapters 16 and 37)
5.2.3 Sources of surplus / profit and the management actions that can control
the amount of surplus / profit.
5.2.4 Why a provider will carry out an analysis of the changes in its
surplus / profit.
5.3 Understand how an organisation can monitor its experience and manage risk.
5.3.1 Reports and systems that may be set up to control the progress of the
financial condition of the main providers of financial products.
(Chapter 33)
5.3.2 Reports and systems that may be set up to monitor and manage risk at
the enterprise level. (Chapter 28)
5.3.3 Issues which need to be taken into account on the insolvency or closure of
a provider of financial products. (Chapter 34)
5.3.4 How the actual experience can be monitored and assessed, in terms of:
(Chapters 21 and 38)
the reasons for monitoring experience
the data required
the process of analysis of the various factors affecting the
experience
the use of the results to revise models and assumptions.
5.3.5 How the results of the monitoring process in the actuarial control cycle or
the risk management control cycle are used to update the financial
planning in a subsequent period. (Chapter 38)
4 Core Reading
This section explains the role of the Core Reading and how it links to the Syllabus, supplementary
ActEd text and the examination.
The Core Reading is updated annually to reflect any changes to the Syllabus and current practice,
as well as for continuous improvement.
The current version of the Core Reading is up-to-date as of 31 May 2024. It references the version
of any legislation, standards, professional guidance, etc as of this date. Any known upcoming
changes to the references are noted where relevant in the Core Reading.
Accreditation
The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries would like to thank the numerous people who have helped
in the development of the material contained in the Core Reading.
Further reading
Additional resources to support candidate learning and development for this subject can be found
on the Module pages on the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries’ website:
actuaries.org.uk/curriculum/
The Core Reading supports coverage of the Syllabus in helping to ensure that both depth and
breadth are re-enforced.
Students will be expected to apply the Core Reading to scenarios and questions proposed by the
examiners.
The exams in April and September 2025 will be based on the Syllabus and Core Reading as at
31 May 2024. We recommend that you always use the up-to-date Core Reading to prepare for
the exams.
Past papers indicate to students how the examiners apply the Core Reading. The Examiners’
Reports provide further insight as to how students answered the questions and how marks were
awarded.
However, the tuition material that has been written by ActEd enhances it by giving examples and
further explanation of key points. Here is an excerpt from some ActEd Course Notes to show you
how to identify Core Reading and the ActEd material. Core Reading is shown in this bold font.
In the example given above, the index will fall if the actual share price goes below the theoretical
ex-rights share price. Again, this is consistent with what would happen to an underlying portfolio.
After allowing for chain-linking, the formula for the investment index then becomes:
Ni ,t Pi ,t This is
I (t ) i ActEd
B(t ) text
where Ni ,t is the number of shares issued for the ith constituent at time t; This is Core
B (t ) is the base value, or divisor, at time t. Reading
Copyright
All study material produced by ActEd is copyright and is sold for the exclusive use of the
purchaser. The copyright is owned by Institute and Faculty Education Limited, a subsidiary of the
Institute and Faculty of Actuaries. Unless prior authority is granted by ActEd, you may not hire
out, lend, give out, sell, store or transmit electronically or photocopy any part of the study
material. You must take care of your study material to ensure that it is not used or copied by
anybody else.
Legal action will be taken if these terms are infringed. In addition, we may seek to take
disciplinary action through the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries or through your employer.
These conditions remain in force after you have finished using the course.
In Subject CP1:
Paper 1 will primarily test knowledge and application skills
Paper 2 will primarily test the application and higher order skills.
The approximate split of assessment across the three skill types is:
The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries use command verbs (such as ‘Define’, ‘Discuss’ and
‘Explain’) to help students to identify what the question requires. The examination can be
composed of questions drawing from any part of the syllabus and using any command verb.
The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries has produced guidance on ‘Command verbs used in the
Associate and Fellowship examinations’, to help students to understand what each command
verb is asking them to do.
You can find the relevant document on the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries’ website at:
actuaries.org.uk/qualify/prepare-for-your-exams
5.2 Assessment
Assessment is in the form of two 3 hour 20 minute timed, online examinations:
Paper 1 consists of a number of questions of varying marks
Paper 2 will usually include scenarios with questions of varying marks that are relevant to
each scenario.
The allocated time includes reading time, as well as the time taken for students to download
and/or print the question paper. Answers must be constructed and typed in Microsoft Word.
In order to pass this subject, both Paper 1 and Paper 2 must be sat within the same sitting, and a
combined mark of a pass achieved.
actuaries.org.uk/qualify/student-and-associate-exam-news/qualification-handbook
The Examinations Handbook and Assessment Regulations document can be found at:
actuaries.org.uk/qualify/my-exams/ifoa-exams
IMPORTANT NOTE: These documents may be updated and re-published in the weeks leading up
to each exam session. It is important that you keep up-to-date with any changes and
developments.
Products are generally available in both paper and eBook format. Visit ActEd.co.uk for full details
about available eBooks, software requirements and restrictions.
6.2 Tuition
The following tutorials are typically available for Subject CP1:
Regular Tutorials (five full days / ten half days)
Block Tutorials (five days).
Full details are set out in our Tuition Bulletin, which is available on our website at ActEd.co.uk.
Our online discussion forum at ActEd.co.uk/forums (or use the link from our home page at
ActEd.co.uk) is dedicated to actuarial students so that you can get help from fellow students on
any aspect of your studies from technical issues to study advice. ActEd tutors visit the site
regularly to ensure that you are not being led astray and we also post other frequently asked
questions from students on the forum as they arise.
If you are still stuck, then you can send queries by email to the Subject CP1 email address
[email protected], but we recommend that you try the forum first. We will endeavour to contact
you as soon as possible after receiving your query but you should be aware that it may take some
time to reply to queries, particularly when tutors are running tutorials. At the busiest teaching
times of year, it may take us more than a week to get back to you.
If you have many queries on the course material, you should raise them at a tutorial or book a
personal tuition session with an ActEd tutor. Please email [email protected] for more details.
6.4 Feedback
If you find an error in the course, please check the corrections page of our website
(ActEd.co.uk/paper_corrections.html) to see if the correction has already been dealt with.
Otherwise, please send the details via email to the Subject CP1 email address [email protected]. Our
tutors work hard to ensure that the courses are as clear as possible and free from errors.
ActEd also works with the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries to suggest developments and
improvements to the Syllabus and Core Reading. If you have any comments or concerns about
the Syllabus or Core Reading, these can be passed on via ActEd. Alternatively, you can send them
directly to the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries’ Examination Team by email to
[email protected].
7.1 Safeguarding
We want you to feel comfortable within our learning environment and safe in the knowledge that
if you ever needed support, you know where to go.
If you need support, please contact BPP’s Safeguarding team at [email protected] or for
urgent concerns call 07464 542 636.
Please contact BPP’s Learning Support team at [email protected] for more information.
Please report any concerns to a tutor or email [email protected] or for urgent concerns call
07464 542 636.