CHAPTER 6

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

12 | P a g e
13 | P a g e
14 | P a g e
15 | P a g e
16 | P a g e
17 | P a g e
18 | P a g e
19 | P a g e
20 | P a g e
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (15X1=15 marks)
1. A small circular loop of wire is placed inside a long solenoid carrying a current. The plane of the
loop contains the axis of the solenoid. If the current in the solenoid is varied, the current induced
in the loop is
(a) Anticlockwise
(b) Clockwise
(c) Zero
(d) Direction depends on the resistance
2. A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field 0.04T with its plane
perpendicular to the magnetic field. The radius of the loop starts shrinking at 2 mm/s. The
induced emf in the loop when the radius is 2 cm is
(a) 3.2πµV
(b) 4.8πµV
(c) 0.8𝜋 µV
(d) 1.6πµV
3. The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance R changes by an amount ∆Փ in time ∆t. The
quantity of charge which passes through this time is
(a) Q = ∆Փ/∆t
(b) Q = -(∆Փ/∆t)
(c) Q = {-∆Փ/∆t} R
(d) Q = ∆Փ/R
4. In a coil of resistance 100Ω a current is induced by changing the magnetic flux through it. The
variation of current with time is as shown in figure. The magnitude of change in flux through the
coil is

(a) 200 weber

(b) 275 weber

21 | P a g e
 (c) 225 weber
(d) 250 weber
5. A Cylindrical bar magnet is kept along the axis of a Circular coil. If the magnet is rotated about
its axis, then,
(a) A current will be induced in the coil
(b) No current will be induced in the coil
(c) Only an emf will be induced in the coil
(d) An emf and a current both will be induced in the coil.
6. A magnet is brought towards a coil (i)Quickly (ii)slowly then the Induced emf and induced
charge will be respectively
(a) More in first case / More in first case
(b) More in first case / Equal in both case
(c) Less in first case / More in second case
(d) Less in first case / Equal in both cases.
7. The flux linked with a circuit is given by Փ = t3 +3t – 7. The graph between time (x-axis) and
induced emf (y-axis) will be
(a) Straight line through the origin.
(b) Straight line with positive slope and positive intercept.
(c) Parabola through the origin
(d) Parabola not through the origin
8. A long conductor AB lies along the axis of a circular loop of radius R. If the current in the
conductor AB varies at the rate of 1 A/s the induced emf in the loop is
(a) µo I R
2
(b) µoIR
4
(c) µoπIR
2
(d) Zero
9. An electron is moving in a straight-line path XY as shown in figure. A coil placed adjacent to the
path of the electron. What will be the direction of current, if any induced in the coil

22 | P a g e
 (a) No current is induced

(b) Current is induced in the direction adcb

(c) Current is induced in the direction abcd

(d) Current will reverse direction as the electron goes past the coil

10. Two solenoids of equal number of turns have their lengths and radii in the same ratio 1:2. The

ratio of their self-inductances will be

(a) 1:2

(b) 2:1

(c) 1:1

(d) 1:4

11. A coil and a bulb are connected in series with a d.c source, a soft iron is then inserted in the coil.

Then

(a) Intensity of the bulb decreases

(b) Intensity of the bulb increases

(c) Intensity remains the same

(d) The bulb ceases to glow.

12. Two Similar Circular loops carry equal currents in the same direction. On moving the coils

further apart, the electric current will

(a) Remain unaltered

(b) Increases in one decreases in the second

(c) Increase in both

23 | P a g e
 (d) Decrease in both

13. A conducting rod AB moves with a uniform velocity V in a constant magnetic field as shown in

figure.

(a) The rod becomes hot because of Joule heating

(b) The end A becomes positively charged

(c) The end B becomes positively charged

(d) The rod becomes electrically charged

14. Figure shows a conducting loop pulled out of a magnetic field with constant speed which of the 4

plots shown in figure may represent the power delivered by the pulling agent as a function of

constant speed V.

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D

15. A and B are two metallic rings placed at opposite sides of an infinitely long straight conducting

wire. If the current in the wire is slowly decreased, the direction of the induced current will be

24 | P a g e
 (a) Clockwise in A anticlockwise in B

(b) Anticlockwise in A and clockwise in B

(c) Clockwise in both

(d) Anticlockwise in both

Assertion – Reason type questions (8x1=8 marks)

Read the statement marked as Assertion and Reason and mark the option out of the 5 given

below.

(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the

assertion.

(b) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is not the correct explanation of the

assertion.

(c) If assertion is true and reason is false

(d) If assertion and reason are false

(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.

16. Assertion: Self-inductance is called the intertia of electricity.

Reason: Self-inductance is the phenomenon in which an opposing induced emf is produced in

a coil as a result of change in current or magnetic flux linked with the coil.

25 | P a g e
17. Assertion: Two identical loops of copper and aluminium when rotated with same speed in the

same magnetic field, the induced emf and current will be same in both.

Reason: Induced emf is proportional to rate change of flux while induced current depends on

resistance of the wire.

18. Assertion: A spark occurs between the poles of a switch when the switch is opened.

Reason: Current flowing in the conductor produces magnetic field.

19. Assertion: A square loop is placed in x-y plane. Magnetic field is in the negative z direction. The

induced current in the loop is anticlockwise.

Reason: If inward magnetic field from such a loop increases, then current should be

anticlockwise.

20. Assertion: Electric field produced by a variable magnetic field cannot exert a force on a charged

particle.

Reason: This electric field is non-conservative in nature.

21. Assertion: A conducting equilateral loop abc is moved with constant speed V in uniform inward

magnetic field as shown in figure.Then Va -Vb = Vb - Vc

Reason: Point a is at a higher potential than b

22. Motional emf e = Blv is obtained from Faraday’s law.

Reason: Lenz’s law is a consequence of law of conservation of energy

23. Assertion: If ferromagnetic substance is filled inside a solenoid coefficient of self induction L

will increase.

Reason: By increasing current in a coil its coefficient of self induction can be increased

26 | P a g e
 ANSWER KEY TO MCQ
Q NO. ANSWER
1 c
2 a ( d/dt(BA)= B dA/dt= B d/dt (πr2 )= 2πBr dr/dt)
3 D ( dq=∆Փ/R)
4 D ( Hint: dq= area of triangle)
5 b
6 b
7 d
8 d
9 d
10 a
11 c
12 c
13 b
14 b
15 b

Answers (Assertion-Reason)
16 b
17 e
18 b
19 d
20 a
21 e
22 b
23 c

27 | P a g e
 TWO MARK QUESTIONS

1. The current through the wire PQ is increasing. In which direction does the induced
current flow in the closed loops 1 and 2. (2)

P Q

2. A cylindrical space of radius R is filled with a uniform magnetic induction B parallel to

the axis of the cylinder. If B changes at a constant rate draw the graph showing the
variation of induced electric field with distance ‘r’ from the axis of the cylinder.
(2)

3. A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a magnetic field to a field free
region with a constant velocity. It is given that the field is normal to the plane of both
loops. Draw the expected shape of the graphs showing the variation of flux with time in
both the cases. What is the cause of difference in shape of the two graphs.
(2)

4. Two coplanar concentric circular loop of radius R are r(r<<R) are arranged co-axially.
Obtain the expression for their mutual inductance (2)

28 | P a g e
5. Variation of magnetic flux associated with a coil with time is shown below. Draw the
corresponding graph shown variation of induced emf with time
(2)

6. Two inductors A and B shows variation of flux with current as shown in figure. Which of
the two has larger value of self-inductance and why? (2)

7. What is the magnetic flux through one turn of a solenoid of self-inductance?

8.0x10-5 H when a current of 3 A flows through it? Assume that the solenoid has 1000
turns and is wound from wire of diameter 1.0 mm (2)
8. A long solenoid with 20 turns per cm has a small loop area 4cm2 placed inside the
solenoid normal to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from
4A to 6A in 0.2 seconds, what is the average induced emf in the loop while the current is
changing (2)

29 | P a g e
 Answers to Questions from 1 to 6 ( 2 mark questions)

1. According Lenz’s law in coil 1 -cloclwise, coil 2- anticlockwise

2.

3.
Փ Փ

t t
difference in shape is due to rate of change of area
4. M12= µ0πr2 /2R
5.

6. A has more slope and hence more self inductance

7. N Փ= Li On substitution Փ= 2.4X 10 -7 Wb
Փ= BA = µ0ni A
n =N/l l=N x diameter
On substitution and rearrangement A= Փd/ µ0i = 6.3x 10 -5 m2

8. e= µ0nAdI/dt = 50.24 x 10 -5 V

30 | P a g e
 THREE MARK QUESTIONS
9. The magnetic flux through a coil perpendicular to the plane is varying according to the
relation Փ= ( 5t3+4t2 +2t -5) weber .Find the current through the coil at t= 2 seconds if the
resistance of the coil is 5Ω (3)

10. Figures shows an arrangement by which alternatively current flows through coil A and B is
placed near A and connected to a bulb X. Now explain the observations with reason
(3)

(i) When the switch S is closed the bulb lights up. Why?
(ii) What happens to the brightness if an iron rod is in coil A.
(iii) What happens to the brightness if a copper plate is inserted in the gap between the
coils?
11. Figure shows the top view of a rod that can slide without friction. The resistor is 6.0hm and a
2.5 T magnetic field is directed perpendicularly downward into the paper. (Given length = 1.2
m) (3)

(a) Calculate current in the circuit if rod is moving with 2 m/s

(b) Magnitude of force to move the rod at a constant speed of 2m/s
31 | P a g e
 (c) Rate at which energy is delivered to the resistor
12. Figure shows a coil placed in a decreasing magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane
of the coil.The magnetic field is decreasing at the rate 10T /s. Find out current in magnitude
and direction (3)

13. A rectangular wire loop of sides 8 cm and 2 cm with a small cut is moving out of a region of
uniform magnetic field of 0.3 T directed normal to the loop.
(i) What is the emf developed across the cut if the velocity of the loop is 1 cms-1 in a
direction normal to the
(a) Longer side
(b) Shorter side of the loop?
(ii)For how long does the induced voltage last in each case. (3)

x x x x x x x x x v= 1cm/s

x x x x x x x x x

v=1cm/s

14. A square loop of side 20cm starts moving at t=0 with a velocity of 10cm/s towards a region
of uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure. Specify the time intervals during the which
the induced emf is produced in the loop (3)

15. A bar magnet is dropped vertically through a coil. The graph obtained for variation of voltage
produced in the coil vs time is shown in figure.
1. Explain the shape of the graph

32 | P a g e
 2. Why is negative peak longer than the positive peak (3)

Answers to Q.no. 9 to Qno. 38(three-mark questions)

9. e=d Փ/dt= 15t2+8t+2
At t=2 seconds e=78 V
I = e/R = 15.6A

10. (i) Due to mutual induction (ii) Brightness decreases as the induced current decreases
(iii) Brightness decreases due to production of induced current set up in the copper plate which
opposes passageof magnetic flux
11. e= Blv= 6V i= e/R= 1A
F=Bil = 3N
P= i2 R = 6W

12. Փ=BA e= A dB/dt = 20V

I= e/R= 4A

13. (a) longer side

e = Blv = 2.4X 10 -4 V
T=b/v= 2seconds
(b ( shorter side
E = 0.6X 10 -4 V
T= l/v = 8seconds

33 | P a g e
14. t= l/v
Induced emf exists, during time intervals,
Time = 10/5= 2 seconds to 30/5= 6 seconds during inward motion
Time= 50/5= 10 seconds to 14 seconds during motion out of magnetic field induced emf
exists during time interval between 2seconds and 6 seconds and between 10 seconds and 14 seconds
15(a) As the bar magnet falls through the coil the magnetic flux linked with the coil increases so the
induced emf also increases across the coil. Intially rate of increase in flux inceases then it becomes
maximum, later on it decreases and becomes zero. When the magnet exits the coil the emf decreases
as well as induced polarity reverses. The rate of decreases of emf increases initially becomes
maximum and when the magnet is sufficiently far from the coil the flux becomes zero and induced
emf becomes zero.
( b)The negative peak is longer than positive peak as the magnet moves faster than it moves into the
coil.As it enters the coil the back emf of the coil resists the the fall of the magnet.However when it is
inside the coil thereis no back emf to resist the fall Hence gravity pulls the magnet faster.

I CASE STUD BASED QUESTION

Electromagnetic induction is defined as the production of an electromotive force across an electric
conductor in the changing magnetic field. The discovery of induction was done by Michael Faraday
in the year 1831. Electromagnetic induction finds many applications such as in electrical components
which includes transformers, inductors, and other devices such as electric motors and generators. An
inductor is a passive component that is used in most power electronic circuits to store energy in the
form of magnetic energy when electricity is applied to it. When a current begins to flow through a
coil of wire, it undergoes an opposition to its flow in addition to the resistance of the metal wire. On
the other hand, when an electric circuit carrying a steady current and containing a coil is suddenly
opened, the collapsing, and hence diminishing, magnetic field causes an induced electromotive force
that tends to maintain the current and the magnetic field and may cause a spark between the contacts
of the switch.
16. How to increase the energy stored in an inductor by four times?
(a) By doubling the current
(b) This is not possible
(c) By doubling the inductance
(d) By making current √2 times
17. Consider an inductor whose linear dimensions are tripled and the total number of turns per
unit length is kept constant, what happens to the self-inductance?

(a) 9 times
(b) 3 times
(c) 27 times
(d) 13 times
34 | P a g e
 18. What will be the acceleration of the falling bar magnet which passes through the ring such
that the ring is held horizontally and the bar magnet is dropped along the axis of the ring?
(a) It depends on the diameter of the ring and the length of the magnet
(b) It is equal to acceleration due to gravity
(c) It is less than acceleration due to gravity
(d) It is more than acceleration due to gravity

19. Which of the following statements is correct for a current carrying infinitely long wire kept
along the diameter of a circular wire loop without touching it.
(a) The emf induced in the loop is zero if the current is constant
(b) The emf induced in the loop is finite if the current is constant
(c) The emf induced in the loop is finite if the current decreases at a steady rate
(d) The emf induced in the loop is finite if the current increases at a steady rate.

II CASE STUDY BASED QUESTION

A coil C1 connected to a galvanometer G. When the North-pole of a bar magnet is pushed towards
the coil, the pointer in the galvanometer deflects, indicating the presence of electric current in the
coil. The deflection lasts as long as the bar magnet is in motion. The galvanometer does not show
any deflection when the magnet is held stationary. When the magnet is pulled away from the coil, the
galvanometer shows deflection in the opposite direction
In fig II the bar magnet is replaced by a second coil C2 connected to a battery. The steady current in
the coil C2 produces a steady magnetic field. As coil C2 is moved towards the coil C1, the
galvanometer shows a deflection. This indicates that electric current is induced in coil C1. When C2
is moved away, the galvanometer shows a deflection again, but this time in the opposite direction.

35 | P a g e
The deflection lasts as long as coil C2 is in motion. When the coil C2 is held fixed and C1 is moved,
the same effects are observed.

20. An iron rod is inserted in coil C1 .What change is observed in deflection of the galvanometer
(a) Deflection increases due to increase in current
(b) Deflection decreases due to increase of back emf
(c) Deflection decreases due to decrease in induced current
(d) Deflection increases due to increase in back emf
21. The current induced in the coil is given by I= 3t2 + 2t If the inductance of the coil is 10mH the
value of induced emf at t=2 seconds will be
(a) 0.14V
(b) 0.12V
(c) 0.11V
(d) 0.13V

22. An aluminium ring B faces an electromagnet. If current through A is altered

(a) B will not experience any force

(b) If I decreases A will repel B
(c) If I increases A will attract B
(d) If I increases A will repel B
23. An insulated copper wire is wound on a soft iron core. Current is passed through the coil such that
at end A the current flows anti-clockwise and a magnetic compass needle is placed at other end B
of the coil.The magnetic compass will point towards

(a) With its North towards A

36 | P a g e
 (b) With its South towards A
(c) With its North away from A
(d) Data insufficient

Answers to Case study-based questions

Q NO ANSWER
16 a
17 b
18 c
19 a
20 c
21 a
22 d
23 a

24. (a) State Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction

(b) Give three possible ways of producing an induced emf in a coil.
(c) Deduce an expression induced emf in a coil of N turns each of area A rotated with a
constant angular velocity w in a magnetic field
25. A metallic rod of length ‘l’ and resistance ‘R’ is rotated with a frequency ν with one end
hinged at the centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius
‘r’ about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A
constant and uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis present everywhere.
(i) Derive expression for induced emf and current in the rod
(ii) Find the expression for magnitude and direction of force acting on the rod
(iii) Obtain power required to rotate the rod

Answers to Long answer type questions of 5marks

.24. (i) Statement of the law (ii) by changing area, by changing magnetic field, by changing the orientation
of the coil with explanation (iii) e= NBA ω Sin ωt (derivation)
25. (i) e= ½ Bl2 ω i= e/R = B l2 ω/2R (derivation)
(ii) P= EI= B2 l4 ω2 / 4R (derivation)

37 | P a g e
 SELF EVALUATION TEST (MM:20)
1. When is the magnetic flux crossing a given surface area held in a magnetic field maximum
(1)
2. State Lenz’s law On which conservation law it is based upon (1)
3. A metallic rod is held horizontally along east-west direction. When it is allowed to fall
freely ,will an emf be induced across its ends.Give reason (1)
4. A magnet is moved in a direction as indicated between two coils AB and CD Suggest the
direction of current in each coil (2)

5. Figure shows planar loops of different shapes moving out of or in to a region of magnetic
field which is directed normal to the plane of the loop away from the reader Determine
the direction of induced current using Lenz’s law (3)
X x x x x x x x x x x x x x
X x x x x x x x x x x x x
X x x x x x x x x x x x x
X x x x x x x x x x x x x

6. Define self inductance What is its SI unit Derive expression for self inductance of a long
solenoid (3)
7. How does mutual inductance of apair of coils change when (i) the distance between the
coils is increased (ii) the number of turns in each coil is increased (iii) a thin iron sheet is
placed between the two coils (3)
8. Lenz’s law is in accordance with law of conservation of energy Explain the statement
with necessary diagrams (3)
9. A copper coil L is wound on a soft iron core and a lamp are connected to a battery
through a tapping key. What observations can be recorded (i) when the key is closed (ii)
Key is suddenly opened Explain (3)

38 | P a g e
 CHAPTER 7

TOPIC: ALTERNATING CURRENT

MIND MAP

GIST OF LESSON
➢ Alternating voltage and current and its mathematical formula.
V = V0 sin ωt
➢ Average value of alternating voltage and alternating current in a cycle is zero.
➢ Average value of alternating voltage and alternating current over a half cycle are 2V0/π and
2I0/π .
➢ RMS value of alternating voltage is Vrms = V0 / √2
➢ RMS value of alternating current is Irms = I0 / √2
➢ A C circuits

CONTAINIG R ONLY CONTAINIG L ONLY CONTAINIG C ONLY

V = V0 sin ωt V = V0 sin ωt V = V0 sin ωt
I = I0 sin ωt I = I0 sin (ωt - π/2) I = I0 sin (ωt + π/2)
V and I are in same phase Current lags behind the voltage by a Current leads the voltage by
phase of 900 a phase of 900

Resistance R
Inductive reactance = Lω Capacitive reactance =
1/Cω
Average power = VrmsIrms
Average power = 0
Average power = 0

39 | P a g e
 ➢ For a series RLC circuit driven by voltage v = vm sin wt, the current is given by
I = Im sin (ωt + Ф)
Where Im = Vm / Z, Z = R 2 + (X L − X C ) 2
tan Ф= (XL- XC) / R
The average power loss over a complete cycle is given by
P = V I cos Ф
The term cos Ф is called the power factor

➢ In a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, cosf = 0 and no power is dissipated even though a
current is flowing in the circuit. In such cases, current is referred to as a wattless current.
➢ A transformer consists of an iron core on which are bound a primary coil of Np turns and a
secondary coil of Ns turns. If the primary coil is connected to an ac source, the primary and
𝑁𝑠 𝑉𝑠
secondary voltages are related by 𝑁𝑝 = 𝑉𝑝
and the currents are related by
𝐼𝑠 𝑁𝑝
=
𝐼𝑝 𝑁𝑠

If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns than the primary, the voltage is stepped-up
(Vs >Vp ). This type of arrangement is called a stepup transformer. If the secondary coil has
turns less than the primary, we have a step-down transformer

Practice Questions
MCQ

1. Average value of A.C voltage for positive half cycle is [If V0 is its peak voltage]
2V0 V0
(A) V0 (B) (C) O (D)
 2
2. An alternating current in a circuit is given by I = 20sin(100t + 10.05)A . The r.m.s
value and frequency of current respectively are
(A) 10A & 100 Hz (B) 10 A & 50 Hz
(C) 10 2A & 50Hz (D) 20 2 &100Hz

40 | P a g e
3. In A.C circuit having only capacitor, the current

(A) lags behind the voltage by in phase
2

(B) leads the voltage by in phase
2
(C) leads the voltage by  in phase
(D) is in phase with voltage
04. An alternating voltage E = 200 2 sin(100t) is connected to a 1F capacitor through an A.C
ammeter. The reading of the ammeter shall be
(A) 10 mA (B) 20 mA (C) 40 mA (D) 80 mA
05. A coil of self-inductance L is connected in series with a bulb B and an AC source. Brightness
of the bulb decreases when
(A) an iron rod is inserted in the coil
(B) frequency of A.C source is decreases
(C) number of turns in the coil is reduced
(D) a capacitance of reactance XC = XL is included in the same circuit.
06. At resonance frequency in an A.C circuit containing L, C and R in series
(A) The voltage and current will be in same phase
(B) The voltage will lead the current
(C) The voltage will lag behind the current
(D) Phase difference depends on peak voltage of source
07. An inductance of 1 mH, a condenser of 10F and a resistance of 50 are connected in series.
The reactances of inductor and condenser are same. The reactance of either of them will be
(A) 100 (B) 30 (C) 3.2 (D) 10
08. An ideal resistance R, ideal inductance L, ideal capacitance C and A.C volt meters, V1, V2, V3
and V4 are connected to an A. C source as shown. At resonance
(A) Reading in V3 = Reading in V1
(B) Reading in V1 = Reading in V2
(C) Reading in V2 = Reading in V4
(D) Reading in V2 = Reading in V3

09. In an LCR circuit the voltage across L, C and R is 10V each. If the inductor is short circuited,
the effective voltage becomes
(A) 10 V (B) 10 2V (C) 20 2V (D) 20 V
10. A circuit has a resistance of 11 , an inductive reactance of 25 and a capacitive reactance of
18 . It is connected to an ac source of 260V and 50 Hz. The current through the circuit (in A)
is
(A) 11 (B) 15 (C) 18 (D) 20 V
41 | P a g e
11. In an AC circuit, V and I are given by V = 150 sin (150t) volt and

I = 150 sin 150t +  amp. The power dissipated in the circuit is
 3

(A) Zero (B) 5625 W (C) 150 W (D) 106 W

12. In an AC circuit the emf (e) and the current (i) at any instant are given respectively by
E = E0 sin t
I = I0 sin ( t -  )

The average power in the circuit over one cycle of AC is

E 0 I0 E 0 I0 E 0 I0
(A) (B) sin  (C) cos  (D) E0 I0
2 2 2

13. In an AC circuit the voltage applied is E = E0 sin t . The resulting current in the circuit is

I = I0 sin  t −  . The power consumption in the circuit given by
 2

E 0 I0 E 0 I0
(A) P = (B) P = Zero (C) P = (D) P = 2 E 0 I0
2 2

14. The current i passed in any instrument in an AC circuit is i = 2 sin t A and potential
difference applied is given by V = 5 cos t V. Power loss in the instrument is
(A) 10 W (B) 5 W (C) Zero W (D) 20 W
15. In an AC circuit the instantaneous values of emf and current are e = 200 sin 300 t volt

and i = 2 sin  300 t +  amp the average power consumed in watt is
 3

(A) 200 (B) 100 (C) 50 (D) 400

ANSWERS MCQ
01. Option: B
T
2

 V sin t.dt
0
0

Average value of voltage over +ve half cycle = T

2

 dt
0

42 | P a g e
  /2
 − cos t 
V0 
   0 V0   T  −  2 V0 2V0
= =  − cos  2  − cos 0  = 2   2 = 
 t 0  
T/2
T  
.
2
02. Option: C
0 20
Irms = = = 10 2A  = 100 2f = 100  f = 50 Hz
2 2
03. Option: B
04. Option: B
Vrms V0 V0 .C 200  2 10−6 100
Reading of ammeter = Irms = = = = = 20mA
XC 2X C 2 2
05. Option: A
06. Option: A
07. Option: D
1 1 1 1
Given L =  = = = = 104
C LC −3
10 10 10 −6
10 −8

XL = L = 104 10−3 = 10

08. Option : D
At resonance VL = VC
09. Option : B

If the inductor is short circuited, Veff = VR2 + VC2 = 102 + 102 = 10 2V

10. Option : D

Z = R 2 + (X L − X C ) 2 = 112 + (25 − 18)2 = 170 13

V 260
I= = = 20A
Z 13
11. Option : B
12. Option : C
13. Option : B
14. Option : A
15. Option : B

ASSERTION – REASON
Two statement are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select
the correct codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
43 | P a g e
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false
(d) Assertion is false and Reason is also false

01. Assertion : The alternating current lags behind the emf by a phase angle of , when
2
ac flows through an inductor
Reason : The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of ac source decreases
02. Assertion : Capacitor servers as a block for dc and offers an easy path to ac
Reason : Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency
03. Assertion : The average value of alternating current and rms value are same
Reason : R.M.S value of alternating current is always greater than peak value
04. Assertion : Inductors are used in a.c. circuits for controlling current
Reason : Inductive reactance, XL = L
05. Assertion : For an electric lamp connected in series with a variable capacitor and ac
source, its brightness increases with increase in capacitance
Reason : Capacitive reactance decreases with increase in capacitance of capacitor
06. Assertion : When capacitance reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in
LCR circuit, e.m.f leads the current
Reason : The phase angle is the angle between the alternating e.m.f and alternating
current of the circuit
07. Assertion : A.C is more dangerous than D. C
Reason :frequency of A.C is dangerous for human body.
08. Assertion : Average power in an A.C circuit having L only is Zero.
Reason : Power factor of A.C circuit having L only is zero.
09. Assertion : Winding the Primary coil and secondary coils one over the other reduces
flux leakage
Reason : Magnetic flux is directly propossional to number of terms f coil
10. Assertion : As the number of turns of secondary increases, the voltage across secondary
decreases for a transformer
Reason: Current in secondary is more if the number of turns is more than that of

number of terms of primary .

ANSWERS
01 Option (C)
02. Option (A)
03. Option (D)

44 | P a g e
04. Option (B)
05. Option (A)
06. Option (B)
07. Option : (A)
08. Option : (A)
09. Option : (B)
10. Option : (D)

DIAGRAM BASED QUESTIONS

01. In the circuit shown, R represents an electric bulb. If the frequency of the supply is doubled,
how should the values of C and L be changed so that the glow in the bulb remains unchanged?

02. Find the average power consumed in the circuit?

ANSWERS
1
01. For the same current value, the total impedence must remain same.  L − must remain
C
same. Thus L and C both must be halved simultaneously.
02. Here VL = 200
VC = 200
 The circuit is at resonance  V = VR

45 | P a g e
 2
Vrms 22 0  22 0
Power = = = 484W
R 10 0

GRAPH BASED QUESTIONS

2 Mark Questions
01. Sketch a graph to show how the reactance of a capacitor
and inductor varies as a function of frequency
02. The graph showing the variation of current with
frequency of ac source in a series LCR circuit
(i) Write down the name of frequency ‘f’ in graph
(ii) Write down an expression for finding out ‘f’

03. Observe the following graph an find out the power factor in each case

04. The voltage and current with respect to time is shown in the graph. Find the power factor

3 Mark Questions
05. V – t graph of an alternating voltage is given in the graph, find
(i) Peak voltage
(ii) Vrms
(iii) Frequency

46 | P a g e
06. Observe the graph and answer the following questions

(i) Identify the A.C circuit?

(ii) Write down phase difference between V & I
(iii) Write down an expression for reactance of this circuit

ANSWERS
01.

02. (i) Threshold frequency

1
(ii) F =
2 LC


03. (i) Phase difference between V and I is,  =
2

 Power factor = cos  = cos =0
2
(ii) Phase difference between V & I is  = 0
 Power factor = cos  = cos 0 = 1

04. Phase difference between V & I is  =
2

47 | P a g e
 
 Power factor = cos  = cos =0
2

05. (i) 2V
V0 2
(ii) Vrms = = = 2V
2 2
(iii) T = 20S
1 1
 Frequency, f = = = 0.05Hz
T 20S
06. (i) A.C circuit having capacitance only
 
(ii)  = , current leads the voltage by a phase of .
2 2
1 1
(iii) The reactance of this circuit the capacitive reactance XC = =
C 2fc

NUMERICAL BASED
2 Mark Questions
01. A pure inductor of 25 mH is connected to a source of 220V. Find the inductive reactance and
rms current in the circuit if frequency of a.c. source is 50Hz
02. An ac voltage of 100V, 50 Hz is connected across a 20 resistor and 2 mH inductor in series.
Calculate
i. impedence of circuit
ii. rms current in the circuit
03. If effective current in a 50 cycle per second a.c circuit is 50A, what is
(A) The peak value of current?
(B) The value of current 1/300 second after it was zero?
04. In an ideal transformer, the number of turns of primary and secondary are 100 and 2000
respectively. If maximum voltage in primary is 120V, what is the maximum voltage in
secondary?

3 Marks Questions
50
05. A series CR circuit with R = 200 and C = F is connected across an a.c source of peak

voltage 0 = 100V and frequency  = 50Hz . Calculate
a. Impedence of the circuit (Z)

48 | P a g e
 b. Phase angle ()
c. Voltage across resistor
06. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 , L = 2H and C = 50F is connected to a 200V a.c source
of variable frequency
(i) what is the amplitude of the current and
(ii) the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle at resonance
(iii) Calculate the potential drop across the capacitor?

07. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 50F and a resistor 40 are connected in series across a
source of emf V = 10 sin (340 t). Find out the power loss in ac circuit

08. A 60V, 10 W lamp is to be run on 100 V, 60 Hz ac mains.

(i) Calculate the inductance of a choke coil required
(ii) If a resistance is used instead of choke, what will be its value?

ANSWERS
01. The inductive reactance, XL = 2L = 2  3.14  50  25 10−3  = 7.85
V 220
The r.m.s current in the circuit is I = = = 28A
XL 7.85

02. (i)Impedence, Z = R 2 + 2 L2 = R 2 + 42 2 L2

= 400 + 4 10  2500  (2 10−3 ) 2 = 20

V 100
(ii) Current I = = = 5A
2 20
03. (a) Irms = 5A, I0= ?,  = 50Hz , t = 1/300
I0
Irms =  I 0 = 2I rms
2
I0 = 2  5 = 5 2A = 7.07A

 1 
(b) Now, I = I0 sin(t) = I0 sin(2t) = 7.07sin  2 50  
 300 

49 | P a g e
 
= 7.07sin   = 6.12A
3
VS NS 2000
04. = = = 20 ;
VP NP 100
Vs = 20 VP = 20 120V = 2400 V

2
 1 
05. (a) Z = R + X = R + 
2 2

2

 2C 
C

1 1
XC = = = 200
2C 2 50  0 10−6


R = 200 = Z = 2002 + 2002 = 200 2

XC 200
(b) tan  = = =1
R 200

 = 45o or rad
4
Vrms 100
(c) Vrms = Irms R = .R =  200 = 50V
Z 2  200  2

06. (i) At resonance Z = R

Vrms Vrms 200
Irms = = = = 10A
Z R 20
Amplitude of current I0 = 2I rms = 10 2A

(ii) Average power, P = I2rms R = 102  20 = 2000W

1 1
(iii) Resonant frequency,  = = = 100rad / s
LC 2  50 10−6
1 1 T 1
XC = = ; VC = Irms Xc = = 10  = 2000V
C 100  50 10−6 C 100  50 10−6

07. L = 20 mH, V0 = 10V

C = 50F & R = 40,  = 340rad/sec
1 1
XC = = = 58.8 ; XL = L = 20 10−3  340 = 6.8 
C 340  50 10−6

Z = R 2 + (X C − X L ) 2 = 402 + (58.8 − 6.8)2 = 4304

50 | P a g e
 50  40
2
V  (10 / 2) 2
P = I2rms R =  rms   R =  40 = = 0.47W
 Z  ( 4304) 2
4304
P 10W 1
08. P = VI  I = = = A
V 60V 6
V 60V
Resistance of lamp, R = = = 360
I 1 A
6
V V 1 100
Now, I = = ; =
Z R + 2 L2
2 6 360 + L + (2  3.14  60) 2
2 2

On simplification, L = 1.274 H
V 100
Total resistance in the circuit = = = 600 
I 1
6
Required resistance = 600 – 360 = 240 
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
01. At an airport, a person is made to walk through the doorway of a metal detector, for security
reasons if she / he is carrying anything made of metal, the metal detector emits a sound.
i. Identify the circuit through which the person is walking?
ii. On what principle does this work?
iii. How impendence of this circuit changes when a person with metal piece is entering o
a metal detector?

OR
With the help of an equation explain how inductance of a coil changes with the introduction
of metal piece.
02. The antenna of a radio accepts signals from many broadcasting stations. The signal picked up
in the antenna act as a source in the tuning circuit of radio, so the circuit can be driven at
many frequencies. But o hear one particular radio station, we tune the radio:
i. Which circuit is used in radio receivers?
ii. Write down the principle behind the working of radio receivers.
iii. Is the above phenomenon is applicable for RL circuit? Why?

OR
Is this happens for an RC circuit? Why?
03. The large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over long distance is done
with the use of transformers. The voltage output of the generator is step- up. It is then
transmitted to substations nearer to consumers. There the voltage stepped down.
i. Which transformer is used at power stations for energy distribution?
ii. Write down the relation connecting between number of tunes and voltages across
primary and secondary coils.
51 | P a g e
 iii. What is the advantage of A.C. over D. C for long transmission?

OR
How energy is lost in transformers.

ANSWERS OF CASE STUDY

01. i. LCR circuit
ii. Resonance of LCR circuit
iv. When a person with metal peace is walking through the circuit, due to magnetic
induction, inductance of the coil changes and hence the reactance and impendence of
circuit changes.

OR
Self inductance of the coil
L = µ0 N2Al
When metal piece introduced µ0 changes to µr µ0 and hence inductance reactance
and impendence changes.
02. i. LCR circuit
ii. Resonance of LCR circuit
iv. No. resonance is exhibited by circuit only if both L and C are present in the circuit.
Only then do the voltage across L and C cancel each other and current amplitude
become maximum.

OR
No. Explanation is same as above.
03. (i) Step- up transformer.
𝑁𝑠 𝑉𝑠
(ii) =
𝑁𝑝 𝑉𝑝

52 | P a g e
 (iii) A.C can be transmitted with high voltage and low current. Hence it reduces heat
lost due to I2Rt
OR
Energy lost in transformers may be due to
i. Flux leakage.
ii. Resistance of windings.
iii. Eddy currents.
iv. Hysteresis loss.

HOTS QUESTIONS
01. Inductive resistance 25 Ωand capacitive resistance 75Ω are connected in series across
250V mains in series. Find he rms potential difference across inductor and capacitor.
How can you reconcile this in terms of main voltage?
02. An inductor (L = 20mH) is connected to an A.C source of peak emf 210 V and
frequency 50 Hz calculate the peak current. What is the instantaneous voltage of the
source when the current is at its peak value?
03. A transformer has 50 tunes in the primary and 100 in the secondary. If primary is
connected to 220 V DC supply, what will he the voltage across the secondary?
04. Power factor can often he improved by the use of a capacitor if appropriate
capacitance in the circuit. It is Correct?
ANSWER OF HOTS

01. Z = Xc- Xl= 75- 25 = 50Ω

I = 250 V / 50 Ω = 5 A
VL = 5*25 = 125 V
VC= 5*75 = 375 V
Vmains = I ( XC – XL) = 5*50 = 250 V
Again Vmains= VC – VL = 375-125 = 250V
02. XL = Lω = 62.8 Ω
Im = Vm/ XL = 3.3 A
Since the current lags behind he voltage by π/2 therefor the voltage is zero when the
current has its peak value.
03. Zero. Transforms will works only on a AC. Because its principle is mutual induction.
It will work only if there is change in flux.
04. Power factor, cosФ =R/Z
Many device have inductive reactance. A capacitance f appropriate valude reduce the
net reactance so that 2 approcher R.
53 | P a g e
 DERIVAATION BSED QUESTIONS

01. Drive an expression for the impendence of LCR circuit using phasor diagram.
02. Drive an expression for current in an AC circuit containing inductor (L) only.
03. Derive an expression for current in an Ac circuit containing capacitor (C) only.
04. Derive an expression for average power in A.C circuit containing R only.
05. Derive the relation connectiong between Vs, Vp and Ns, Np.

ANSWERS OF DERIVAION BASED QUESTIONS

01. Refer NCERT (Rationalised 23 -24) Page No. 187

02. Refer NCERT (Rationalised 23 -24) Page No. 181-182
03. Refer NCERT (Rationalised 23 -24) Page No. 184
04. Refer NCERT Rationalised 2023 -24, Page No. 179,180
05. Refer NCERT Rationalised 2023 -24, Page No. 194,195

54 | P a g e
 SELF EVALUATION TEST
TIME : 30 MINUTES MAX.MARKS:15

01. An AC voltage source of variable angular frequency  and fixed amplitude V0 is

connected in series with a capacitance C and an electric bulb of resistance R (inductance
zero). When  is increased
(A) The bulb glows dimmer
(B) The bulb glows brighter
(C) Total impedance of the circuit is unchanged
(D) Total impedance of the circuit increases 1 mark

02. A capacitor and an inductance coil are connected in separate AC circuits with a bulb glowing
in both the circuits. The bulb glows more brightly when
(A) An iron rod is introduced into the inductance coil
(B) The number of turns in the inductance coil is increased
(C) Separation between the plates of the capacitor is increased
(D) A dielectric is introduced into the gap between the plates of the capacitor

1 mark
03. A 100 W resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply.
(a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit?
(b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle? 2 marks

04. How does the resistance differ from impedance ? With the help of a suitable phasor diagram,
obtain an expression for impedance of a series LCR circuit, connected to a source V= Vm sin
ωt. 3 marks

05. An ac source V = Vm sin ωt is connected across an ideal capacitor. Derive the expression for
the (i) current flowing in the circuit, and (ii) reactance of the capacitor. Plot a graph of current
i versus t. 3 marks

06. (i) Derive an expression for the average consumed by an ac circuit containing R only.
(ii) A light bulb is rated at 100W for a 220 V supply.
Find (a) the resistance of the bulb;
(b) the peak voltage of the source 5 marks

55 | P a g e