Written as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook

Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.

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Salient Features

• In accordance with the New Paper Pattern

• Covers Challenging Questions across chapters
• Challenging questions provided as per level of difficulty - Level I, Level II and Level III
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• Mathematical viewpoint explaining how to approach a problem

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• Similar Type Questions are provided for additional practice

• Includes constructions with accurate measurements
• Includes questions of past board papers
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Printed at: Prabodhan Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai

© Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

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TEID: 1392
 PREFACE

Std. X Mathematics Challenging Questions is a meticulously compiled handbook for students of

Std. X. It is in accordance to the latest guidelines furnished in the Evaluation Pattern for
Std. 10th by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production & Curriculum Research, Pune.

According to the New Paper Pattern of Std. X, students would be asked challenging questions of
Mathematics as they would appear in the Board Examination. Taking cognizance of this change, we have
meticulously crafted this book that includes exhaustive yet carefully selected challenging questions along
with solutions spanning across all the chapters of the Text Book.

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We are confident that this book will cater to the needs of students and will help them to prepare
extremely well for their SSC Board Examination.

The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think

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we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you on
[email protected]
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From,
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Publisher
Edition: Second
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Disclaimer
This reference book is transformative work based on 'Mathematics Part - I; First Reprint 2019' published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and
Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and
elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in examinations.

This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has been
taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused
to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book.

© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.

No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of students.
 PAPER PATTERN

Question Total Marks with

Type of Questions
No. Marks option

(A) Solve 4 out of 4 MCQ (1 mark each) 04 04

1.
(B) Solve 4 out of 4 subquestions (1 mark each) 04 04

(A) Solve 2 activity based subquestions out of 3 (2 marks each) 04 06

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2.

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(B) Solve any 4 out of 5 subquestions (2 marks each) 08 10

(A) Solve 1 activity based subquestion out of 2 (3 marks each) 03 06

3.

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(B) Solve any 2 out of 4 subquestions (3 marks each) 06 12

4. Solve any 2 out of 3 subquestions (4 marks each) 08 12

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5. Solve any 1 out of 2 subquestions (3 marks each) 03 06

Total Marks 40 60

The division of marks in question papers as per objectives will be as follows.

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Distribution of Marks Objectives Maths – 1

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Easy Questions 40% Knowledge 20%

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Medium Questions 40% Understanding 30%

Difficult Questions 20% Application 40%

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Skill 10%

[Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune - 04]
 INDEX

Textbook
Chapter Topic Name Page No.
No.
Part - I

1 Linear Equations in Two Variables 1

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2 Quadratic Equations 19

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3 Arithmetic Progression 35

4 Financial Planning 41

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5 Probability 47

6 Statistics 53
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Part - II

1 Similarity 66

2 Pythagoras Theorem 78
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3 Circle 85
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4 Geometric Constructions 104

5 Co-ordinate Geometry 114

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6 Trigonometry 122
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7 Mensuration 133

Note: Steps of construction are provided in

Chapter 4 : Geometric constructions for the students’ understanding.
 3 Arithmetic Progression

LEVEL - 1
Similar Type Question
1. Babubhai borrows ` 4000 and agrees to pay
with a total interest of ` 500 in 10 A man has to repay a loan of ` 3,000 and agrees
instalments, each instalment being less than to pay with a total interest of ` 250 in 20

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the preceding instalment by ` 10. What instalments, each instalment being less than the
preceding instalement by ` 15. What should be

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should be the first and last instalment?
the first and last instalment?
Mathematical Viewpoint Ans: First instalment = ` 305
Last instalment = ` 20
In such word problems, try to understand the given
data and write the values of d (common difference) 2. Insert five number between 4 and 8 so that

nt
and a (first term). Use below formulae, the resulting sequence is an A.P.
n Mathematical Viewpoint
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d],
2
tn = a + (n – 1) d In such word problems, try to analyse the given data
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By using the above formulae, find the required and assume the number of terms to be inserted in
solution. between the two numbers, as t2, t3, t4 …
Number of
Total number
Solution: = terms to + 2 (First and last term)
of terms
Babubhai repays ` 4,000 + ` 500 = ` 4,500 be inserted
Number of instalments = 10 By using the above formula, get the value of n. Use
 n = 10 and Sn = S10 = 4500
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given numbers as a and tn. Use the below formula,

Each instalment is ` 10 less than the preceding to get the required numbers.
one. tn = a + (n – 1) d
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 d = 10
It forms an A.P. Solution:
Let the required numbers be t2, t3, t4, t5 and t6
n
Sn = [2a + (n  1)d] Thus, 4, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, 8 are in A.P.
2
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In this case, t7 = 8
10 t1 = a = 4, t7 = 8, n = 7
 S10 = [2a + (10  1) (10)]
2 We know that,
 4500 = 5[2a + (9) ( 10)] tn = a + (n  1)d
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4500 For n = 7
 = (2a  90) t7 = a + (7 – 1)d
5  8 = 4 + (7  1)d
 900 = 2a  90  8 = 4 + 6d
 990 = 2a  4 = 6d
990 2
 a=  d=
2 3
 a = 495 For n = 2
tn = last instalment t2 = a + (2  1)d
tn = a + (n1)d 2
= 4 + (1) 
 t10 = 495 + (101) (10) 3
 t10 = 495 90 =4+
2
 t10 = 405 3
 The first instalment is ` 495 and last  t2 =
14
instalment is ` 405. 3
35
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

For n = 3 Now, tn = a + (n  1)d
t3 = a + (3 – 1)d  96 = 11 + (n  1)5
2  96 = 11 + 5n  5
=4+2
3  96 = 5n + 6
4  5n = 90
=4+
3 90
 n=
16 5
 t3 =
3  n = 18
For n = 4  There are 18 two digit numbers that leave
t4 = a + (4 – 1)d remainder 1 when divided by 5.
2
=4+3 =4+2
3 Similar Type Question
 t4 = 6

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For n = 5 How many two digit numbers leave the

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t5 = a + (5 – 1)d remainder 2 when divided by 10?
2 8 Ans: 9
=4+4 =4+
3 3
4. Find the sum of the first ‘n’ odd natural
20
 t5 = numbers. Hence, find 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 101.
3

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For n = 6 Mathematical Viewpoint
t6 = a + (6 – 1)d
In such word problem, try to analyse the given
2
=4+5 data and write the values of a, d, tn.
3 Use the below formula, to get the value of Sn in
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10 terms of n.
=4+
3 n
22
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
 t6 = 2
3 To get the required answer the value of n is
 The required numbers are
14
,
16
, 6, necessary. To find out the value of n use the
3 3 below formula,
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20 22 tn = a + (n – 1) d
,
3 3 Substitute the value of n in Sn to get the required
solution.
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Solution:
Similar Type Question
The sequence of odd natural numbers is
1, 3, 5, …
Insert four numbers between 10 and 30 so that the
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This sequence is an A.P. with

resulting sequence is an A.P.
a = 1, d = 3  1 = 2
Ans: 14, 18, 22, 26.
n
Now, Sn = [2a + (n  1)d]
3. How many 2 digit numbers leave the 2
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remainder 1 when divided by 5? n

= [ 2 1 + (n  1)2]
Mathematical Viewpoint 2
n n
In such word problem, try to find out the two = [2 + 2n  2] = [2n]
2 2
digit numbers which are divisible by given
number and then add remainder to each number  Sn = n2 …(i)
to obtain required A.P. of two digit numbers. For 1, 3, 5, ..., 101,
a = 1, d = 3 – 1 = 2, tn = 101
Use the below formula, to get the value of n.
But, tn = a + (n  1)d
tn = a + (n – 1) d
 101 = 1 + (n  1)2
Solution:  101 – 1 = (n – 1)2
The two digit numbers that leave remainder 1  100 = (n  1)2
when divided by 5 are 11, 16, 21, 26, 31 ... , 96. 100
 =n1
This sequence is an A.P. with 2
a = 11, d = 16  11 = 5 and tn = 96  50 = n  1
36
 

Chapter 3: Arithmetic Progression

 n = 50 + 1 = 51  d=3 …[ From (i)]
 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 101 = S51 Thus, a  2d = 3  2  3 =  3
 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 101 = (51)2 ...[From (i)] ad=33=0
 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 101 = 2601 a=3
 The sum of the first ‘n’ odd natural numbers a+d=3+3=6
is n2 and 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 101 is 2601. a + 2d = 3 + 2  3 = 9
 The temperature of each of the five days is
3, 0, 3, 6 and 9.
Similar Type Question

Find the sum of the first ‘n’ even natural Similar Type Question
numbers. Hence, find
2 + 4 + 6 + …… + 100. In winter, the temperature at a hill station from
Ans: n(n + 1), 2550 Monday to Friday is in A.P. The sum of the

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temperatures of Monday, Tuesday and
5. In winter, the temperature at a hill station

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Wednesday is 6 and the sum of the temperatures
from Monday to Friday is in A.P. The sum of of Thursday and Friday is 19. Find the
the temperatures of Monday, Tuesday and temperature of each of the five days.
Wednesday is zero and the sum of the Ans: 1, 2, 5, 8 and 11.
temperatures of Thursday and Friday is 15.
Find the temperature of each of the five

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days. LEVEL - 2
Mathematical Viewpoint
6. Suppose you wish to buy a pencil, a notebook
In such word problem, try to understand the and a pen. The prices of these are in A.P. are
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number of terms and assume unknown terms such that the sum of prices of these three
using following table. things is 27 and sum of the squares of their
Number Terms Common prices is 341. Find the price of each thing.
of terms Difference
Mathematical Viewpoint
3 a – d, a, a + d d
4 a – 3d, a – d, a + d, 2d In such word problem, try to understand the
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a + 3d number of terms and assume unknown terms

5 a – 2d, a – d, a, d using following table.
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a + d, a + 2d Number Terms Common

Use the given condition to form equations with of terms Difference
a and d. 3 a – d, a, a + d d
4 a – 3d, a – d, a + d, 2d
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Solve the two equations to get the values of

a and d. a + 3d
Solution: 5 a – 2d, a – d, a, d
Let the temperatures from Monday to Friday a + d, a + 2d
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in A.P be a  2d, a  d, a, a + d, a + 2d. Use the given condition to form equations with
According to the first condition, the sum of the a and d. Solve the two equations to get the values
temperatures of Monday, Tuesday and of a and d.
Wednesday is zero.
 a  2d + a  d + a = 0 Solution:
 3a  3d = 0 Let the prices of a pencil, a notebook and a
 ad =0 pen be a  d, a and a + d respectively.
 a=d …(i) According to the first condition, the sum of
According to the second condition, the sum of prices of these three things is 27.
the temperatures of Thursday and Friday is 15. (a  d) + (a) + (a + d) = 27
 a + d + a + 2d = 15  3a = 27
 2a + 3d = 15  a=9 ...(i)
 2a + 3a = 15 …[From (i)] According to the second condition, sum of the
 5a = 15 squares of their prices is 341.
 a=3 (a  d)2 + a2 +(a + d)2 = 341
37
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

 (9  d)2 + 92 +(9 + d)2 = 341 ...[From (i)] For second post, the monthly salary was
 81  18d + d2 + 81 + 81 + 18d + d2 = 341 ` 85 and annual increament was ` 12.
 2d2 + 243 = 341 Annual salary = 85  12 = 1020
 2d2 = 98 Annual increment = 12
 d2 = 49 a = 1020, d = 12, n = 20
 d = ±7 n
Sn = [2a + (n  1)d]
When a = 9, d = 7 When a = 9, d = 7 2
ad=97=2 a  d = 9 – (–7) = 16 20
S20 = [2(1020) + (20 – 1) 12]
a=9 a=9 2
a + d = 9 + 7 = 16 a+d=97=2 = 10 [2040 + 19 (12)]
 The prices of a pencil, a notebook and a pen = 10 (2040 + 228)
are 2, 9, 16 or 16, 9, 2 respectively. = 10(2268) = 22680
Additional income = 30320 – 22680

t
= 7640
Similar Type Question  He would accept the first post because he

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will earn ` 7,640 more.
Suppose you wish to buy a notebook, a pen and a
calculator. The prices of these are in A.P. such
that the sum of prices of these three things is 60 Similar Type Question
and sum of the squares of their prices is 1232.

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Find the price of each thing. 2 posts were offered to a Prashant. In one, the
Ans: 16, 20, 24 starting salary was ` 5,000 per annum and the
annual increment was ` 400. In the other post the
7. 2 posts were offered to a man. In one, the salary commenced at ` 4,300 per annum but the
starting salary was ` 120 per month and the annual increment was ` 600. The man decides to
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annual increment was ` 8. In the other post accept the post which would give him more
the salary commenced at ` 85 per month earning in the first fifteen years of his service.
but the annual increment was ` 12. The Justify your answer.
man decides to accept the post which would Ans: He would accept the second post because
give him more earning in the first twenty he will earn ` 10,500 more.
years of his service. Justify your answer.
8. A man set out on a cycle ride of 50 km. He
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Mathematical Viewpoint covers 5 km in the first hour and during

each successive hour his speed falls by
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In such word problem, try to understand the 1

values of a, d, n. Based on these information use km/hr. How many hours will he take to
4
the below formula to obtain the value of Sn in two finish his ride?
different situations.
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n Mathematical Viewpoint
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2
In such word problem, try to understand the given
Compare both the situations and accordingly
data and write the values of a, Sn and d. Use the
write your conclusion.
below formula,
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Solution: n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
For first post, the monthly salary was ` 120 2
and annual increament was ` 8
Annual salary = 120  12 Solution:
= 1440 1
Here, a = 5, Sn = 50, d = 
Annual increment = 8 4
a = 1440, d = 8 , n = 20 Let the number of hours required to finish the
n ride be ‘n’.
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d] n
2 Sn = [2a + (n  1)d]
2
20
S20 = [2(1440) + (20  1)8] n   1 
2  50 =  2  5  (n  1)    
= 10 [2880 + 19(8)] 2   4 
= 10(2880 + 152) n  1 n
 50 = 10  4  4 
= 10  3032 = 30320 2

38
 

Chapter 3: Arithmetic Progression

 41 n  Proof:
 100 = n  
 4 4  Sum of first m terms of an A.P.
m
 41  n  = Sm = [2a + (n – 1)d]
 100 = n    2
 4 
Sum of first n terms of an A.P.
 400 = 41n  n2 400 n
= Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
 n2  41n + 400 = 0 –25 –16 2
 n2 – 25n – 16n + 400 = 0 –41 = –25 – 16 Sm m 2
It is given that = 2
 n(n – 25) – 16(n – 25) = 0 Sn n
 (n  25)(n  16) = 0  m 
  2a   m  1 d  m 2
 n  25 = 0 or n  16 = 0  2 = 2
n n
 n = 25 or n = 16    2a   n  1 d 

t
2
If n = 25 n

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tn = a + (n – 1)d 2a   m  1 d m 2
 =  2
2a   n  1 d n 2 m
 1
tn = 5 + (25 – 1)     2
 4
 
2a  m  1 d m
 1
=
= 5 + 24     2a   n  1 d n

nt
 4  2a + (m  1)d = km ...(i)
= 5 + (–6)
[k is constant]
2a + (n  1)d = kn ...(ii)
= –1 Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), we
get
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However, speed cannot be negative.
2a + (m – 1)d – 2a – (n – 1)d = km – kn
 n = 16
(m  1)d  d(n  1) = km  kn
 16 hours are required to finish the ride.
 md  d  nd + d = k(m  n)
 d(m  n) = k(m  n)
Similar Type Question  d=k
Substituting value of d in equation (i), we get
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A child puts one five-rupee coin of her saving in 2a + (m  1)k = km

the piggy bank on the first day. She increases her  2a + mk  k = km
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saving by one five-rupee coin daily. If the piggy  2a = k

bank can hold 190 coins of five rupees in all, find k
the number of days she can continue to put the  a=
2
five-rupee coins into it.
m

Now, tm = a + (m  1)d and tn = a + (n  1)d

Ans: 19
t m a   m  1 d
 =
t n a   n  1 d
LEVEL - 3 Substituting value of a and d, we get
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k
tm    (m  1)k
9. If the ratio of the sum of m terms and n terms = 2
of an A.P. is m2 : n2, prove that the ratio of tn k
   (n  1)k
mth and nth terms is (2m  1) : (2n  1). 2
1 
k   m  1
Mathematical Viewpoint  2 
=
1 
In such word problem, use the given condition of k   n  1
2 
ratio and use the formula,
2m  1
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] = 2
2 2n  1
to get the value of a and d. After getting the 2
values take the required ratio and use the formula,
tm 2m  1
tn = a + (n – 1) d, simplify.  =
tn 2n  1

39
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

4 5 9
 t9 + t10 = + = =3
3 3 3
Similar Type Question
 The sum of the two middle most terms of
the given A.P. is 3.
If the ratio of the sum of first n terms of two
A.P.’s is (7n + 1) : (4n + 27), find the ratio of
their mth terms. Similar Type Question
Ans: (14m  6) : (8m + 23).
Find the sum of the two middle most terms of the
10. Find the sum of the two middle most terms 8 6 3
A.P. , , –1, …., 4 .
4 2 1 5 5 5
of the A.P.:  , –1,  ,…., 4 .
3 3 3 Ans: 3
Mathematical Viewpoint

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In such word problem, from the given A.P., use

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formula, tn = a + (n – 1) d and find the value of n.
th
n
If n = even, two middle terms will be   term
2
th
n 
and   1 term.

nt
2 
Again use the same formula to get the values of
two terms. Add the values of two terms.
Hence, write the required solution.
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Solution:
4 2 1
The given A.P. is  , –1,  , …, 4 .
3 3 3
4  4 4 1
Here, a =  , d = –1 –    = 1  = ,
3  3 3 3
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1 13
tn = 4 =
3 3
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Since, tn = a + (n – 1)d
13 4 1
 =  + (n – 1)  
3 3 3
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 13 = –4 + n – 1
 13 = –5 + n
 n = 13 + 5
 n = 18, which is an even number.
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th th
n n 
   and   1 terms are the two middle
 
2  2 
most terms.
th th
 18   18 
i.e.,   and   1 terms
2  2 
th th
i.e., 9 and 10 terms
 t9 = a + (9 – 1)d = a + 8d
4 1 4 8 4
=  + 8  = + =
3 3 3 3 3
 tn = a + (n – 1)
t10 = a + (10 – 1)d = a + 9d
4 1 4 9 5
=  +9   = + =
3 3 3 3 3

40