Chemistry

Question 1:

− −
A mixture is known to contain N O3 and N O2 . Before performing ring test for
− −
NO
3
the aqueous solution should be made free of N O2 . This is done by heating
aqueous extract with:

a. Conc. HNO3

b. Dil. HNO3

c. Urea
d. Zinc Dust

Question 2:

_______ group elements are known as chalcogens.

a. VIA
b. VA
c. Zero
d. None of these

Question 3:

In solid state N2 O5 exists as:

− +
a. [NO3 ] [NO2 ]

− +
b. [NO2 ] [NO3 ]

+ −
c. [N2 O4 ] O

d. [NO3 ] [NO2 ]

Question 4:

+2 −3
The ions Mg and PO4 combine to form compounds:

a. Mg3 (PO4 )2

b. Mg2 (PO4 )2
 c. Mg2 (PO4 )3

d. Mg3 (PO4 )3

Question 5:

Strongest acid among the following is:

a. H2 O

b. H2 S

c. H2 Se

d. H2 Te

Question 6:

The total number of electrons that take part in forming bonds in N2 is:

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 10

Question 7:

Nitrogen liberated by the thermal decomposition of only :

a. NH4 NO2

b. NaN3

c. (NH4 )2 Cr2 O7

d. All of these

Question 8:

Which of the nitrogenous fertilizers can meet the needs for immediate requirement
of the crop?

a. Potassium Nitrate
b. Super phosphate of lime
 c. Calcium Cynamide

d. CAN

Question 9:

The correct structure of PCl3 Br2 is:

a.

b.

c.

d. Both (B) and (C)

Question 10:

Phosphine [PH3 ] decomposes to produce P4 (g) and H2 (g). What would be the
change in volume when 100ml of PH3 (g) is completely decomposed?

a. 50ml

b. 500ml

c. 75ml

d. 250ml

Question 11:

For the reaction N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g), if percentage of N2 O4 are

25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, then the sequence of observed vapour densities will be
 a. d1 > d2 > d3 > d4

b. d4 > d3 > d2 > d1

c. d1 = d2 = d3 = d4

d. d1 > d3 > d2 > d4

Question 12:

Which of the following is not formed when H2 S reacts with acidic K2 Cr2 O7
solution?

a. CrSO4

b. Cr2 (SO4 )3

c. S

d. H2 O

Question 13:

Phosphours sulphide P4 S3 , a well known chemical used in match industry has many
P − S bonds?

a. 4
b. 2
c. 6
d. 8

Question 14:

The products formed by the complete hydrolysis of PCl3 are:

a. H3 PO3 and HCl

b. POCl3 and HCl

c. H3 PO4 and HCl

d. H4 P2 O7 and HCl

Question 15:

One of the acid listed below is formed only from P2 O3 , the rest are formed from
P2 O5 . Acid formed from P2 O3 is:
 a. HPO3

b. H2 P2 O7

c. H2 PO4

d. H3 PO3

Question 16:

Nitrogen shows different oxidation states ranging from:

a. −3 to +5

b. −5 to +5

c. 0 to −5

d. −3 to +3

Question 17:

Which gas is produced when calcium nitride (Ca3 N2 ) is hydrolyzed by water?

a. N2

b. N H3

c. H2

d. O2

Question 18:

Which of the following statement is wrong?

a. Ozone is not responsible for greenhouse effect.

b. Ozone can oxidise sulphur dioxide present in the atmosphere to sulphur

trioxide.

c. Ozone hole is thinning of ozone layer present in the stratosphere.

d. Ozone is produced in upper stratosphere by the action of UV rays on

oxygen.

Question 19:

The electronic configuration of four atoms are given in brackets:

 2 2 1
L : (1s 2s 2p )

2 2 5
M : (1s 2s 2p )

2 2 6 1
Q : (1s 2s 2p 3s )

2 2 2
R : (1s 2s 2p )

The element that would most readily form a diatomic molecule is:

a. Q
b. M
c. R
d. L

Question 20:

Select correct statement for BrF5 .

a. All fluorine atoms are in same plane.

b. Four fluorine atoms and Br atom is in same plane.

c. Four fluorine atoms are in same plane.

∘
d. It has all F − Br − F bond angles at 90 .

Question 21:

Atomicity of phosphorus is:

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four

Question 22:

Nitrogen is relatively inactive element because:

a. Its atoms has a stable electronic configuration

b. It has low atomic radius

c. Its electronegativity is fairly high

d. Dissociation energy of its molecule is fairly high

Question 23:

Ammonia is used in detection of Cu2+ ion because:

a. Aqueous solution of N H3 reacts with Cu2+ ion to form deep blue coloured
complex.

2+
b. NH3 reacts with Cu ion to give blue precipitate of CuO.

c. Aqueous solution of N H3 reacts with Cu2+ ion to form white coloured

complex.

d. N H3 reacts with Cu2+ ion to give green precipitate.

Question 24:

Which of the following factors would favour the formation of ammonia?

a. High pressure
b. Low temperature
c. High volume
d. Low pressure

Question 25:

The structure of white phosphorus is:

a. Square Planar
b. Pyramidal
c. Tetrahedral
d. Trigonal Planar

Question 26:
∘ ∘
Bond angle in H2 O (104.5 ) is higher than the bond angle of H2 S (92.1 ). The
difference is due to:

a. O is diatomic and S is tetra-atomic

b. Difference in electronegativity of S and O

 c. Difference in oxidation states of S and O

d. Difference in shapes of hybrid orbitals of S and O

Question 27:

Choose the correct statements from the following?

a. Rhombic sulphur is blue in colour.

b. Rhombic sulphur is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.

c. Rhombic and monoclinic sulphur have S6 molecules.

d. In Cyclo- S6 molecule, the ring adopts chair form.

Question 28:

Xenon has closed shell configuration but is known to give compounds with fluorine
because:

a. Xe atom has large size and lower ionization potential as compared to other
noble gases.

b. Xe has unpaired electrons which can form covalent bonds.

c. Xe has highest boiling point hence it can form compounds with fluorine.

d. fluorine is the smallest element hence it can react with all noble gases.

Question 29:

In the clathrates of xenon with water the nature of bonding in Xe and H2 O molecule
is:

a. Covalent
b. Hydrogen Bonding
c. Coordinate
d. Dipole-induced dipole

Question 30:

Elements of the group-15 form compounds in +5 oxidation state. However, bismuth

forms only one well-characterized compound in +5 oxidation state. The compound
is:

a. Bi2 O5
 b. BiF5

c. BiCl5

d. Bi2 S5

Question 31:

− −
A mixture is known to contain N O3 and N O2 . Before performing ring test for
− −
NO
3
the aqueous solution should be made free of N O2 . This is done by heating
aqueous extract with:

a. Conc. HNO3

b. Dil. HNO3

c. Urea

d. Zinc Dust

Question 32:

_______ group elements are known as chalcogens.

a. VIA

b. VA

c. Zero

d. None of these

Question 33:

In solid state N2 O5 exists as:

− +
a. [NO3 ] [NO2 ]

− +
b. [NO2 ] [NO3 ]

+ −
c. [N2 O4 ] O

d. [NO3 ] [NO2 ]

Question 34:

The total number of electrons that take part in forming bonds in N2 is:
 a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 10

Question 35:

Nitrogen liberated by the thermal decomposition of only :

a. NH4 NO2

b. NaN3

c. (NH4 )2 Cr2 O7

d. All of the Above

Question 36:

Which of the nitrogenous fertilizers can meet the needs for immediate requirement
of the crop?

a. Potassium Nitrate

b. Super phosphate of lime

c. Calcium Cynamide

d. CAN

Question 37:

The correct structure of PCl3 Br2 is:

a.

b.
 c.

d.

Question 38:

Phosphine [PH3 ] decomposes to produce P4 (g) and H2 (g). What would be the
change in volume when 100ml of PH3 (g) is completely decomposed?

a. 50ml

b. 500ml

c. 75ml

d. 250ml

Question 39:

Which of the following is not formed when H2 S reacts with acidic K2 Cr2 O7
solution?

a. CrSO4

b. Cr2 (SO4 )3

c. S

d. H2 O

Question 40:

Which of the following statement is wrong?

a. Ozone is not responsible for greenhouse effect

b. Ozone can oxidise sulphur dioxide present in the atmosphere to sulphur

trioxide

c. Ozone hole is thinning of ozone layer present in the stratosphere

 d. Ozone is produced in upper stratosphere by the action of UV rays on oxygen

Question 41:

Select correct statement for BrF5 .

a. All fluorine atoms are in same plane

b. Four fluorine atoms and Br atom is in same plane

c. Four fluorine atoms are in same plane

∘
d. It has all F − Br − F bond angles at 90

Question 42:

Ammonia is used in detection of Cu2+ ion because:

a. Aqueous solution of N H3 reacts with Cu2+ ion to form deep blue coloured
complex

2+
b. NH3 reacts with Cu ion to give blue precipitate of CuO

c. Aqueous solution of N H3 reacts with Cu2+ ion to form white coloured

complex

d. N H3 reacts with Cu2+ ion to give green precipitate

Question 43:

Which of the following factors would favour the formation of ammonia?

a. High pressure

b. Low temperature

c. High volume

d. Low pressure

Question 44:
∘ ∘
Bond angle in H2 O (104.5 ) is higher than the bond angle of H2 S (92.1 ). The
difference is due to:
 a. O is diatomic and S is tetra-atomic

b. Difference in electronegativity of S and O

c. Difference in oxidation states of S and O

d. Difference in shapes of hybrid orbitals of S and O

Question 45:

Choose the correct statements from the following?

a. Rhombic sulphur is blue in colour

b. Rhombic sulphur is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents

c. Rhombic and monoclinic sulphur have S6 molecules

d. In Cyclo- S6 molecule, the ring adopts chair form

Question 46:

In the clathrates of xenon with water the nature of bonding in Xe and H2 O molecule
is:

a. Covalent

b. Hydrogen Bonding

c. Coordinate

d. Dipole-induced dipole

Question 47:

Elements of the group-15 form compounds in +5 oxidation state. However, bismuth

forms only one well-characterized compound in +5 oxidation state. The compound
is:

a. Bi2 O5

b. BiF5

c. BiCl5
 d. Bi2 S5

Question 48:

Based on the compounds of group 15 elements, the correct statement(s) is (are).

A. Bi2 O5 is more basic than N2 O5 .

B. N F3 is more covalent than BiF3 .

C . P H3 boils at a lower temperature than N H3 .

D. The N − N single bond is stronger than the P − P single bond.

a. A and B

b. B and C

c. A, B and C

d. All of the above

Question 49:

The compound(s) which generate(s) N2 gas upon thermal decomposition below

∘
300 C is (are):

A. N H4 N O3

B. (N H4 ) Cr2 O7
2

C . Ba(N3 )
2

D. M g3 N2

a. A and B

b. A and C

c. B and C

d. C and D

Question 50:

The option(s) with only amphoteric oxides is (are):

A. Cr2 O3 , BeO, SnO, SnO2

B. Cr2 O3 , CrO SnO, P bO

2
C . N O2 B2 O3 , P bO, SnO2

D. ZnO, Al2 O3 , P bO, P bO2

a. A and B

b. B and C

c. C and D

d. A and D

Question 51:

Among the following, the correct statement(s) is/are:

A. Al(CH3 ) has the three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure.

3

B. Lewis acidity of BCl3 is greater than that of AlCl3 .

C . AlCl3 has three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure.

D. BH3 has three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure.

a. A, B and C

b. B, C and D

c. A, and C

d. A, B and D

Question 52:

The increasing order of atomic radii of the following group 13 elements is.

a. Ga < Al < I n < T I

b. Al < Ga < ln < T I

c. Al < I n < Ga < T I

d. Al < Ga < T I < ln

Question 53:

The total number of lone pairs of electrons in N2 O3 is:

a. 2

b. 4
 c. 8

d. 10

Question 54:

+2 −3
The ions Mg and PO4 combine to form compounds:

a. Mg3 (PO4 )2

b. Mg2 (PO4 )2

c. Mg2 (PO4 )3

d. Mg3 (PO4 )3

Question 55:

One of the acid listed below is formed only from P2 O3 , the rest are formed from
P2 O5 . Acid formed from P2 O3 is:

a. HPO3

b. H2 P2 O7

c. H2 PO4

d. H3 PO3

Answers

1 : (c) 2 : (a) 3 : (a) 4 : (a) 5 : (d) 6 : (c)

7 : (d) 8 : (a) 9 : (a) 10 : (a) 11 : (a) 12 : (a)
13 : (c) 14 : (a) 15 : (d) 16 : (a) 17 : (b) 18 : (a)
19 : (b) 20 : (c) 21 : (d) 22 : (d) 23 : (a) 24 : (a)
25 : (c) 26 : (b) 27 : (d) 28 : (a) 29 : (d) 30 : (b)
 31 : (c) 32 : (a) 33 : (a) 34 : (c) 35 : (d) 36 : (a)
37 : (a) 38 : (a) 39 : (a) 40 : (a) 41 : (c) 42 : (a)
43 : (a) 44 : (b) 45 : (d) 46 : (d) 47 : (b) 48 : (c)
49 : (c) 50 : (d) 51 : (d) 52 : (a) 53 : (c) 54 : (a)
55 : (d)

Explanations

Question 1 :

In the mixture of nitrite and nitrate ions, the nitrite ions can be removed by heating with urea and
supluric acid.

The reaction takes place as follows:

2NaNO2 + H2 SO4 ⟶ Na2 SO4 + 2HNO2

2HNO2 + CO(NH2 ) ⟶ CO2 + N2 + 3H2 O

2

In the above reaction, we can see that the products, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are in gaseous
form and thus, do not stay in the solution. This reaction is exothermic and thus, will occur
spontaneously without the supply of any extra energy.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 2 :

VIA group or Group 16 elements belong to the oxygen family are also called chalcogens.

The name is derived from the Greek word 'chalcos', which means 'ore' and 'gen', which
means 'formation'.
They are called so because most of the copper ores have copper in the form of oxides
and sulphides.
They also contain small amounts of selenium and tellurium.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 3 :

− +
In solid state N2 O5 exists as [NO3 ] [NO2 ] .

Solid N2 O5 is a salt, consisting of separated anions and cations.

+ −
The cation is the linear nitronium ion NO2 and the anion is the planar nitrate NO3 ion.
Thus, the solid could be called nitronium nitrate.
Both nitrogen centers have oxidation state +5.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 4 :
 +2 −3
The ions Mg and PO4 combine to form compound Mg3 (PO4 )2 .

Total charge on cation = 3(2+) = +6.

Total charge on anion = 2(−3) = −6.

Therefore,

Total charge on cation = Total charge on anion.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 5 :

As we move from top to bottom the acidic nature of hydrides of the group increases as the
electronegativity of atom decreases.

So, the order of acidity of hydrides of the Vth group is:

H2 O < H2 S < H2 Se < H2 Te

Strongest acid among the given is H2 Te.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 6 :

The total number of electrons that take part in forming bonds in N2 is 6.

Structure of N2 is N ≡ N.

We know that the atomic number of nitrogen is 7 and the electronic configuration of
nitrogen is 2, 5 which means two electrons are present in s-orbital and five electrons in p-
orbital.
When two nitrogen atoms will react, three electrons (from five valence electrons) of each
nitrogen atom are shared between them so that both will obtain a stable configuration.
In N2 there are 3 bonds between two nitrogen atoms and each bond is formed by 2
electrons.

The full outer shells with the shared electrons are now stable forming a covalent bond and this
can be shown through the following diagram:
So, 3 bonds make it 3 × 2 = 6 electrons in total.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 7 :

(A) NH4 NO2 is Ammonium Nitrite. The thermal decomposition occurs as follows-

Δ
NH4 NO2 ⟶ N2 + 2H2 O

The reaction produces Nitrogen gas and water vapour.

(B) NaN3 is sodium azide. The thermal decomposition occurs as follows-

Δ
2NaN3 ⟶ 2Na + 3N2

The reaction produces Sodium metal and Nitrogen gas. Very pure nitrogen is obtained by this
method.

(C) (NH4 )2 Cr2 O7 is Ammonium dichromate. These are red coloured crystals. The thermal
decomposition occurs as follows-

Δ
(NH4 ) 2 Cr2 O7 ⟶ Cr2 O3 + N2 + 4H2 O

Ammonium dichromate is thermodynamically unstable and hence it decomposes into dark

green chromium (III) oxide and Nitrogen gas. The reaction occurs with flashes of light.

We can see that, N2 is released in all the reactions.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 8 :

Generally, crops absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrate because crops cannot digest the
atmospheric nitrogen due to the presence of the triple bond in the atmospheric nitrogen.

Most crops preferably absorb nitrogen in nitrate form.

Nitrate fertilizers (like potassium nitrate) are readily soluble in water and meet the
immediate nitrogen requirement of plants.
Nitrogen is involved in forming amino-acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
Nitrate form of fertilizer is more soluble in water than the other forms of the fertilizer.
Among the given options potassium nitrate is the fertilizer which is highly soluble in water.

Therefore, potassium nitrate is a nitrogen fertilizer that can meet the needs of the immediate
requirement to the crops.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 9 :
We know that, electronegativity of halogen group decreases on moving down the group
because size of atom increases. Decreasing order of electronegativity of halogens is F, Cl, Br, I.

In case of sp3 hybridization:

The axial position of metal has less s-character and the equatorial position of metal has
more s-character.
The ligand which are s-phile (s-lover) will tend to occupy equatorial position, and the
ligands which are s-nonphile will tend to occupy axial position.
The s-phile ligand have less electronegativity or we can say s-nonphile (having more
electronegativity) atoms have tendency to occupy axial position is called apicophilicity.
− −
Thus, Cl is more electronegative than Br .

Therefore, it is s-nonphile and will occupy axial position. Thus, the correct structure of PCl3 Br2
will be as shown:

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 10 :

The reaction of decomposition of phosphine can be written as:

4PH3 → P4 + 6H2

The balanced chemical reaction indicates that four moles of phosphine generates one mole of
phosphorus and six moles of hydrogen.

The phosphorus exists as a triatomic molecule in elemental form. It is a solid and therefore, its
volume change is negligible according to gas laws.

The volume of phosphine given is 100 mL. The amount of hydrogen produced can be
calculated as:

6
Amount of hydrogen = × amount of phosphine
4

6
= × 100 mL
4

= 150 mL

Thus, 100 mL of phosphine gas generates 150 mL of hydrogen gas.

The change in volume = 150 − 100

= 50 mL

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 11 :

When dissociation increases, the percentage of nitrogen dioxide, will also increase. While
vapour density is decreased, it means vapour density is inversely proportional to the
dissociation.

Therefore,

The dissociation vapour density will be high in following order:

d25% > d50% > d75% > d100%

Therefore, the required sequence will be:

d1 > d2 > d3 > d4

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 12 :

In the reaction of potassium dichromate with hydrogen sulphide in presence of an acidic

medium of sulphuric acid, a redox reaction takes place as follows:

During the reaction, the potassium chromate acts as the oxidizing agent, due to the presence of
the hexavalent chromium in (+6) oxidation state. It is thus reduced to (+3) oxidation state.

Then, the reduction half-cell reaction will be:

2− + − 3+
Cr2 O7 + 14H + 6e ⟶ 2Cr + 7H2 O

Also, the sulphide S 2− acting as the reducing agent, is oxidised to sulphur (S) in the reaction.
Then, the oxidation half-cell reaction will be:

2− −
S ⟶ S + 2e

Thus, combining the oxidation and reduction half-cell reaction, the balanced equation obtained
is:

K2 Cr2 O7 + 3H2 S + 4H2 SO4 ⟶ 3S + K2 SO4 + Cr2 (SO4 ) + 7H2 O

3

The products formed are sulphur, potassium sulphate, chromium sulphate and water.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 13 :
The structure of P4 S3 is as follows:

Then, the total number of P − S bonds are 6.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 14 :

PCl3 or phosphorous trichloride is a chemical compound which readily reacts with water to
produce HCl gas, and with HCl gas the by-product formed is H3 PO3 .

The reaction is as follows:

PCl3 + 3H2 O → H3 PO3 + 3HCl

Therefore, the products formed by the hydrolysis of PCl3 are H3 PO3 and HCl.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 15 :

The acid formed by diphosphorus trioxide i.e., P2 O3 is H3 PO3 . When diphosphorus trioxide
i.e., P2 O3 reacts with water then H3 PO3 i.e., phosphorus acid will form.

The reaction is as follows:

2P2 O3 + 6H2 O → 4H3 PO3 .

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 16 :

Since nitrogen atom have 5 electrons in its outermost shell, so higher electronegative elements
can extend its oxidation state up to +5, while in case of taking electrons it cannot go beyond 8
electrons. So, at most it can accept 3 electrons.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 17 :

Ammonia gas is produced when calcium nitride (Ca3 N2 ) is hydrolyzed by water.

The reaction is given as follows:

Ca3 N2 + 6H2 O → 3Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3

Thus, the gas formed is ammonia.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Question 18 :

Ozone (O3 ) is also one of the greenhouse gas.

The contribution of O3 to the greenhouse effect is about 8 to 10%.

About 75% of solar energy is absorbed by the surface of the earth, and the rest is
radiated back to the atmosphere.
This heat traps gases like CO2 , CH4 , CFCs and H2 O present in the atmosphere and
adds to the heat of the atmosphere, causing global warming.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 19 :

From the electronic configuration given, it is clear that element M is 1 short of octet
configuration. It belongs to group 17. Group 17 elements exist as diatomic molecules.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Question 20 :
Br-atom has configuration:

2 2 6 2 6 10 2 5
1s , 2s 2p , 3s 3p 3d , 4s 4p

To get pentavalency, two of the p-orbitals are unpaired and electrons are shifted to 4d-
orbitals.
In this excited state, sp3 d 2 -hybridization occurs giving octahedral structure.
Five positions are occupied by F atoms forming sigma bonds with hybrid bonds and one
position occupied by lone pair, i.e., the molecule as a square pyramidal shape.

So, from the square pyramidal structure of BrF5 as shown above, four fluorine atoms are
present in the same plane. However, the Bromine, central atom lies slightly below the square
planer.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 21 :

Atomicity of an element is a measure of total number of atoms present in a molecule.

It is determined by the ratio of molecular mass of total number of atoms to atomic mass of an
element.

For phosphorus,

Atomic mass = 30.97 ≈ 31

Since, there are 4 phosphorous atoms per molecule.

Therefore,

Molecular mass = 4 × 31 = 124

Therefore,

124
Atomicity = = 4
31

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 22 :

Nitrogen is an inactive element as it has a high bond dissociation energy due to the presence of
triple bond N ≡ N . Therefore, viewed as a non-reactive element.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 23 :

Ammonia acts as a Lewis base due to the presence of lone pair on the nitrogen atom. So, it can
form coordinate bond transition metal cations to form complex compounds. Ammonia reacts
with a solution of Cu2+ to from a deep blue coloured complex.
The reaction for the above complex compound can be written as follows:

2+
(aq)[Deep Blue] +4N H3 (aq) (aq)[Deep Blue]
2+
Cu ⟶ [Cu(N H3 ) ]
4

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 24 :

According to Le Chatelier's principle, high pressure would favour the formation of NH3 .

N2 (g) + 3H2 ( g) ⇋ NH3 ( g)

The optimum conditions for the production of NH3 are pressure of 200 × 10 5 Pa (about
200 atm) and temperature of −700 K.

In the given reaction, the number of moles of reactant is more than the product and according
to the ideal gas equation, the pressure is inversely proportional to the number of moles.

Thus, by increasing pressure i.e., at high pressure, the reaction will proceed in a forward
direction towards less number of moles. Thus, the formation of the ammonia increases.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 25 :

The structure of white phosphorus is tetrahedral.

Phosphorus or s tetraphosphorus (P4 ) exists as molecules made up of four atoms in a

tetrahedral structure. The molecule is described as consisting of six single P-P bonds.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 26 :

The difference in the bond angles is linked with the electronegativities of oxygen and sulphur
atoms. As we move down the group from O to Te, the size of the central atom goes on
increasing and its electronegativity goes on decreasing.

As a result, the position of the two bond pairs shifts away and away from the central atom as
we move from H2 O to H2 Te. Consequently, the repulsion between the bond pairs decreases
as we move from H2 O to H2 Te and therefore, the bond angle decreases in the order.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Question 27 :

In cyclo- S6 molecule, the ring adopts chair form as shown in the figure.
Rhombic sulphur is yellow in colour.

Rhombic sulphur cannot be dissolved in water but can be dissolved in benzene, ether, alcohol
etc.

Both rhombic and monoclinic sulphur have the molecular formula S8 .

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 28 :

Xenon (Xe) is inert though it gives compounds with Fluorine due to its large size and lower
ionization potential as compared to other noble gases. Also, it is more reactive than other noble
gases.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 29 :

A clathrate is a crystalline substance consisting of a lattice that traps or contains a molecule.

Clathrate of Xenon with water is the lattice consists of Xe as the trapped molecule.

There is no coordinate bond present between Xe and H2 O; rather dipole-induced dipole

interaction present.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 30 :

Elements of the group-15 form compounds in +5 oxidation state. However, bismuth forms only
one well-characterized compound in +5 oxidation state. The compound is BiF5 .

Due to inert pair effect bismuth only exhibit +3 oxidation state and forms trihalides only.
But due to small size and high electronegativity of Florine Bismuth forms BiF5 only.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Question 31 :

In the mixture of nitrite and nitrate ions, the nitrite ions can be removed by heating with urea and
supluric acid.

The reaction takes place as follows:

2NaNO2 + H2 SO4 ⟶ Na2 SO4 + 2HNO2

2HNO2 + CO(NH2 ) ⟶ CO2 + N2 + 3H2 O

2

In the above reaction, we can see that the products, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are in gaseous
form and thus, do not stay in the solution. This reaction is exothermic and thus, will occur
spontaneously without the supply of any extra energy.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 32 :

VIA group or Group 16 elements belong to the oxygen family are also called chalcogens.

The name is derived from the Greek word 'chalcos', which means 'ore' and 'gen', which
means 'formation'.
They are called so because most of the copper ores have copper in the form of oxides
and sulphides.
They also contain small amounts of selenium and tellurium.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 33 :

− +
In solid state N2 O5 exists as [NO3 ] [NO2 ] .

Solid N2 O5 is a salt, consisting of separated anions and cations.

+ −
The cation is the linear nitronium ion NO2 and the anion is the planar nitrate NO3 ion.
Thus, the solid could be called nitronium nitrate.
Both nitrogen centers have oxidation state +5.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 34 :

The total number of electrons that take part in forming bonds in N2 is 6.

Structure of N2 is N ≡ N.

We know that the atomic number of nitrogen is 7 and the electronic configuration of nitrogen is
2, 5 which means two electrons are present in s-orbital and five electrons in p-orbital.
When two nitrogen atoms will react, three electrons (from five valence electrons) of each
nitrogen atom are shared between them so that both will obtain a stable configuration.

In N2 there are 3 bonds between two nitrogen atoms and each bond is formed by 2 electrons.

The full outer shells with the shared electrons are now stable forming a covalent bond and this
can be shown through the following diagram:

So, 3 bonds make it 3 × 2 = 6 electrons in total.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 35 :

(A) NH4 NO2 is Ammonium Nitrite. The thermal decomposition occurs as follows-

Δ
NH4 NO2 ⟶ N2 + 2H2 O

The reaction produces Nitrogen gas and water vapour.

(B) NaN3 is sodium azide. The thermal decomposition occurs as follows-

Δ
2NaN3 ⟶ 2Na + 3N2

The reaction produces Sodium metal and Nitrogen gas. Very pure nitrogen is obtained by this
method.

(C) (NH4 )2 Cr2 O7 is Ammonium dichromate. These are red coloured crystals. The thermal
decomposition occurs as follows-

Δ
(NH4 ) 2 Cr2 O7 ⟶ Cr2 O3 + N2 + 4H2 O

Ammonium dichromate is thermodynamically unstable and hence it decomposes into dark

green chromium (III) oxide and Nitrogen gas. The reaction occurs with flashes of light.

We can see that, N2 is released in all the reactions.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 36 :
Generally, crops absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrate because crops cannot digest the
atmospheric nitrogen due to the presence of the triple bond in the atmospheric nitrogen.

Most crops preferably absorb nitrogen in nitrate form.

Nitrate fertilizers (like potassium nitrate) are readily soluble in water and meet the
immediate nitrogen requirement of plants.
Nitrogen is involved in forming amino-acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
Nitrate form of fertilizer is more soluble in water than the other forms of the fertilizer.
Among the given options potassium nitrate is the fertilizer which is highly soluble in water.

Therefore, potassium nitrate is a nitrogen fertilizer that can meet the needs of the immediate
requirement to the crops.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 37 :

We know that, electronegativity of halogen group decreases on moving down the group
because size of atom increases. Decreasing order of electronegativity of halogens is F, Cl, Br, I.

In case of sp3 hybridization:

The axial position of metal has less s-character and the equatorial position of metal has
more s-character.
The ligand which are s-phile (s-lover) will tend to occupy equatorial position, and the
ligands which are s-nonphile will tend to occupy axial position.
The s-phile ligand have less electronegativity or we can say s-nonphile (having more
electronegativity) atoms have tendency to occupy axial position is called apicophilicity.
− −
Thus, Cl is more electronegative than Br .

Therefore, it is s-nonphile and will occupy axial position. Thus, the correct structure of PCl3 Br2
will be as shown:

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 38 :

The reaction of decomposition of phosphine can be written as:

4PH3 → P4 + 6H2

The balanced chemical reaction indicates that four moles of phosphine generates one mole of
phosphorus and six moles of hydrogen.

The phosphorus exists as a triatomic molecule in elemental form. It is a solid and therefore, its
volume change is negligible according to gas laws.

The volume of phosphine given is 100 mL. The amount of hydrogen produced can be
calculated as:

6
Amount of hydrogen = × amount of phosphine
4

6
= × 100 mL
4

= 150 mL

Thus, 100 mL of phosphine gas generates 150 mL of hydrogen gas.

The change in volume = 150 − 100

= 50 mL

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 39 :

In the reaction of potassium dichromate with hydrogen sulphide in presence of an acidic

medium of sulphuric acid, a redox reaction takes place as follows:

During the reaction, the potassium chromate acts as the oxidizing agent, due to the presence of
the hexavalent chromium in (+6) oxidation state. It is thus reduced to (+3) oxidation state.

Then, the reduction half-cell reaction will be:

2− + − 3+
Cr2 O7 + 14H + 6e ⟶ 2Cr + 7H2 O

Also, the sulphide S 2− acting as the reducing agent, is oxidised to sulphur (S) in the reaction.
Then, the oxidation half-cell reaction will be:

2− −
S ⟶ S + 2e

Thus, combining the oxidation and reduction half-cell reaction, the balanced equation obtained
is:

K2 Cr2 O7 + 3H2 S + 4H2 SO4 ⟶ 3S + K2 SO4 + Cr2 (SO4 ) + 7H2 O

3

The products formed are sulphur, potassium sulphate, chromium sulphate and water.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 40 :
Ozone (O3 ) is also one of the greenhouse gas.

The contribution of O3 to the greenhouse effect is about 8 to 10%.

About 75% of solar energy is absorbed by the surface of the earth, and the rest is
radiated back to the atmosphere.
This heat traps gases like CO2 , CH4 , CFCs and H2 O present in the atmosphere and
adds to the heat of the atmosphere, causing global warming.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 41 :

Br-atom has configuration:

2 2 6 2 6 10 2 5
1s , 2s 2p , 3s 3p 3d , 4s 4p

To get pentavalency, two of the p-orbitals are unpaired and electrons are shifted to 4d-orbitals.

In this excited state, sp3 d 2 -hybridization occurs giving octahedral structure.

Five positions are occupied by F atoms forming sigma bonds with hybrid bonds and one
position occupied by lone pair, i.e., the molecule as a square pyramidal shape.

So, from the square pyramidal structure of BrF5 as shown above, four fluorine atoms are
present in the same plane. However, the Bromine, central atom lies slightly below the square
planer.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 42 :

Ammonia acts as a Lewis base due to the presence of lone pair on the nitrogen atom. So, it can
form coordinate bond transition metal cations to form complex compounds. Ammonia reacts
with a solution of Cu2+ to from a deep blue coloured complex.

The reaction for the above complex compound can be written as follows:
 2+
(aq)[Deep Blue] +4N H3 (aq) (aq)[Deep Blue]
2+
Cu ⟶ [Cu(N H3 ) ]
4

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 43 :

According to Le Chatelier's principle, high pressure would favour the formation of NH3 .

N2 (g) + 3H2 ( g) ⇋ NH3 ( g)

The optimum conditions for the production of NH3 are pressure of 200 × 10 5 Pa (about
200 atm) and temperature of −700 K.

In the given reaction, the number of moles of reactant is more than the product and according
to the ideal gas equation, the pressure is inversely proportional to the number of moles.

Thus, by increasing pressure i.e., at high pressure, the reaction will proceed in a forward
direction towards less number of moles. Thus, the formation of the ammonia increases.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 44 :

The difference in the bond angles is linked with the electronegativities of oxygen and sulphur
atoms. As we move down the group from O to Te, the size of the central atom goes on
increasing and its electronegativity goes on decreasing.

As a result, the position of the two bond pairs shifts away and away from the central atom as
we move from H2 O to H2 Te. Consequently, the repulsion between the bond pairs decreases
as we move from H2 O to H2 Te and therefore, the bond angle decreases in the order.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Question 45 :

In cyclo- S6 molecule, the ring adopts chair form as shown in the figure.
Rhombic sulphur is yellow in colour.

Rhombic sulphur cannot be dissolved in water but can be dissolved in benzene, ether, alcohol
etc.

Both rhombic and monoclinic sulphur have the molecular formula S8 .

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 46 :

A clathrate is a crystalline substance consisting of a lattice that traps or contains a molecule.

Clathrate of Xenon with water is the lattice consists of Xe as the trapped molecule.

There is no coordinate bond present between Xe and H2 O; rather dipole-induced dipole

interaction present.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 47 :

Elements of the group-15 form compounds in +5 oxidation state. However, bismuth forms only
one well-characterized compound in +5 oxidation state. The compound is BiF5 .

Due to inert pair effect bismuth only exhibit +3 oxidation state and forms trihalides only.
But due to small size and high electronegativity of Florine Bismuth forms BiF5 only.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Question 48 :

Bi2 O5 is more basic than N2 O5

As we go down the group, the metallic nature of the atom increases.

So, the basic nature of its oxide increases. So, the given statement is true.

N F3 is more covalent than BiF3

As we go down the group, the metallic nature of the atom increases.

So, the ionic character increases if we keep the anion constant. Thus, we can say that the given
statement is true.

P H3 boils at a lower temperature than N H3

N H3has strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding which tends to increase its boiling point
compared to P H3 .

So, this statement is true.

N − N single bond is stronger than the P − P single bond

Since N is smaller in size, it faces lp − lp repulsion while forming N − N thereby reducing

the effective overlap of the single bond. Thus, N − N is not stronger than P − P .

So, the given statement is incorrect.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 49 :

Δ
(A) N H4 N O3 ∘ N2 O + 2H2 O
below 300 C

Δ
(B) (N H4 ) Cr2 O7 ⟶ N2 + Cr2 O3 + 4H2 O
2

Δ
(C) Ba(N3 ) ⟶ Ba + 3N2
2

(D) M g3 N2 (it does not decompose into N

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 50 :

Amphoteric oxides are:

ZnO, Al2 O3 , P bO, P bO2 , Cr2 O3 , BeO, SnO, SnO2

NO is a neutral oxide.

CrO is a basic oxide.

B2 O 3 is an acidic oxide

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 51 :

(A). Al(CH3 ) has the three - centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure. Structure of
3

Al(CH3 )
6
(B). BCl3 is a stronger Lewis acid due to the small size of boron.

(C). AlCl3 has three-centre four-electron bonds in its dimeric structure. These bonds
correspond to chlorine bridges between 2Al atoms. Structure of AlCl3 .

(D). BH3 has three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure. Structure of BH2 H6 .

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Question 52 :

The increasing order of atomic radius of group 13 elements is Ga < Al < I n < T l.

Due to the poor shielding of the d-orbital in Ga, its radius is smaller than that of Al.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 53 :
The total number of lone pairs of electrons in N2 O3 is 8.

∴ Total number of lone pairs = 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 = 8.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Question 54 :

+2 −3
The ions Mg and PO4 combine to form compound Mg3 (PO4 )2 .

Total charge on cation = 3(2+) = +6.

Total charge on anion = 2(−3) = −6.

Therefore,

Total charge on cation = Total charge on anion.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 55 :

The acid formed by diphosphorus trioxide i.e., P2 O3 is H3 PO3 . When diphosphorus trioxide
i.e., P2 O3 reacts with water then H3 PO3 i.e., phosphorus acid will form.

The reaction is as follows:

2P2 O3 + 6H2 O → 4H3 PO3 .

Hence, the correct option is (D).