IMAGE PROCESSING

AGENDA :
 INTRODUCTION TO IMAGE PROCESSING
 WHAT IS AN IMAGE?
 WHAT IS IMAGE PROCESSING?
 TYPES OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN IMAGE PROCESSING
 ADVANCED CONCEPTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 BENEFITS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
 FUTURE SCOPE
 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION OF IMAGE PROCESSING
Image Processing is core of the Deep Learning and Computer Vision.
DEEP LEARNING:
Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks
to model and solve complex problems. It is a type of machine learning that is inspired by the
structure and function of the human brain.

Key Features:
• Artificial Neural Networks: Deep learning models are based on artificial neural networks, which
are composed of multiple layers of interconnected nodes (neurons).
• Hierarchical Representations: Deep learning models learn hierarchical representations of the
input data, allowing them to capture complex patterns and relationships.
• Automatic Feature Learning: Deep learning models can automatically learn features from the
input data, eliminating the need for manual feature engineering.
 INTRODUCTION OF IMAGE PROCESSING
COMPUTER VISION:
Computer vision is a field of study that focuses on enabling computers to interpret and
understand visual information from the world. It involves the development of algorithms
and models that can process and analyze visual data from images and videos.
Key Features:
• Image and Video Analysis: Computer vision involves the analysis of images and
videos to extract useful information, such as objects, shapes, and patterns.
• Object Detection and Recognition: Computer vision models can detect and recognize
objects within images and videos, such as faces, people, cars, and buildings.
• Image Processing: Computer vision involves various image processing techniques,
such as image filtering, thresholding, and feature extraction, to enhance and
transform images.
INTRODUCTION OF IMAGE PROCESSING

•Self-Driving •Facial Biometrics: Deep

APPLICATION

APPLICATION

APPLICATION
Cars: Deep learning- Recognition: Comput learning-based
based computer er vision-powered computer vision is
vision enables self- facial recognition used in biometric
driving cars to detect systems use deep systems, such as
and recognize learning to identify fingerprint and iris
objects, such as and verify individuals recognition, to
pedestrians, lanes, based on their facial authenticate
and traffic signs, to features. individuals
navigate safely.
 WHAT IS AN IMAGE?
An image is a 2D representation of visual data, defined by its dimensions (height and width) and
composed of tiny units called pixels. Each pixel has a specific value that represents its color and
intensity.
Pixel Representation:
Pixels can be represented in different formats, including:
Grayscale: A single integer value from 0 (black) to 255 (white)
RGB: Three integer values representing the intensity of red, green, and blue
RGBA: Similar to RGB, but with an added alpha channel for opacity
WHAT IS AN IMAGE
PROCESSING?

Image processing is a subset of

signal processing that involves the
manipulation and analysis of
images to extract useful
information. It involves treating
images as 2D signals, which
enables various operations to be
applied to enhance, transform, or
extract features from the image.
 WHAT IS AN IMAGE PROCESSING?
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Load the image
image = cv2.imread(''/content/images.jpg')
# Convert the image to grayscale
gray_image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# Apply Canny edge detection
edges = cv2.Canny(gray_image, threshold1=100, threshold2=200)
# Display the original and edged images
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.title('Original Image')
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.title('Edges')
plt.imshow(edges, cmap='gray')
plt.axis('off') plt.show()
TYPES OF IMAGE PROCESSING

VISUALIZATIO
N

RECOGNITIO
RETRIEVAL
N

SHARPENING
PATTERN
AND
RECOGNITION
RESTORATION
 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
Any general-purpose or specialized computer.
COMPUTER

Includes digitizers and Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) for

HARDWARE processing.

Digital storage systems like short-term, online, and archive

STORAGE storage.

Devices that capture images by converting light into electrical

CAMERA signals (e.g., CCD, CMOS sensors).
SENSOR
 COMPONENTS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

IMAGE Screens or projectors for visual output.

DISPLAY

SOFTWARE Specialized applications for executing processing tasks.

NETWORKING Essential for transmitting large image data efficiently.

 FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN IMAGE PROCESSING

• Involving capturing • Techniques such as • Applies algorithms

images from various histogram to correct
sources like equalization or distortions and
cameras,scanners or contrast stretching recover original
IMAGE online databases. IMAGE improves the visibility IMAGE image quality
ACQUISITION • The quality of the ENHANCEMENT of features RESTORATION • Techniques
acquired image • Helps to highlight include
significantly affects important details while filtering,deblurring
subsequent minimizing and noise
processing steps background noise reduction.
 FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN IMAGE PROCESSING

• Reduces the file size

• Involves processing
if images allowing
color images
for easier storage
through color space • Mainly focuses
and faster MORPHOLOGIC
COLOR IMAGE transformations. on the shape and
COMPRESSION transmission AL
PROCESSING • Enhancement may structure of
• Can be loseless or PROCESSING
include adjusting objects within the
lossy(some quality
saturation,brightnes image
sacrificed for smaller
s and so on
size)
 FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN IMAGE PROCESSING

• Assign labels to
• Involves detected objects
• Divides an image into characterizing based on learned
meaningful segments segmented regions pattern or features
or regions to simplify using attributes like • Involves
analysis. REPRESENTATI area,centroid and algorithms such
SEGMENTATIO
N • Common methods ON AND shape descriptors. RECOGNITION as neural
include DESCRIPTION • Facilitates the networks,support
thresholding,edge understanding and vector machines
detection,and classification of or template
clustering techniques. different objects in the matching forn
image classification
tasks.
ADVANCED CONCEPT IN IMAGE PROCESSING
• A technique used to restore an image that has been blurred without prior
knowledge of the blur function
BLIND • Utilizes algorithms to estimate both the original image and the blurring kernel
DECONVULSIO simultaneously,enhancing image clarity.
N

• Refers to the significance of the phase component in the Fourier transform of

an image which contains vital information about the spatial arrangement of
features.
PHASE • Altering the phase can significantly change the perception of the image,even
IMPORTANCE if the magnitude remains unchanged.

• An Artifact that occurs in images,particularly near sharp edges,resulting from

the loss og high-frequency information during processing [eg filtering or
compression]
RINGING • This effect manifests as unwanted oscillations or halos around
EFFECT edges,detracting from image quality and realism.
APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

•Medical Image •Traffic Sensing

Retrieval Technologies
•Enhances Systems that
diagnosis, such as monitor traffic
early breast flow, vehicle
cancer detection speed, and
through nodule license plate
algorithms. recognition.

•Face Detection
•Image Utilizes deep
Reconstruction learning to
Filling in missing recognize human
parts of damaged facial features for
images using security and social
trained systems. media
applications.
BENEFITS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

• Digital images can be transformed into various formats.

• Improved images enhance human interpretation.
• Information extraction for machine analysis.
• Flexible pixel manipulation for density and contrast adjustments.
• Simplified storage and retrieval processes.
• Efficient electronic transmission of images.
FUTURE SCOPE
Medical Advancements: Image •Autonomous Systems: Self-
processing will improve diagnostic cars and drones will rely heavily on
tools, enabling earlier detection of improved image processing for
diseases and more accurate better object recognition,
medical imaging techniques, such navigation, and real-time decision-
as in cancer detection making.

FUTURE SCOPE

•Augmented Reality (AR) and

Virtual Reality (VR): Image Security Enhancements:
processing will enhance AR and facial recognition and surveillance
VR experiences, making virtual systems will become more
environments more immersive and accurate and reliable, enhancing
security in various industries.
interactive.
 CONCLUSION
•Widespread Applications: Image
processing is integral to diverse fields,
including medicine, security, and
entertainment, showcasing its versatility
and importance.

•Technological Growth: As technology

evolves, image processing will continue to
advance, driving innovations in artificial
intelligence, deep learning, and computer
vision.

•Improved Efficiency: Through better algorithms •Future Potential: The continued development of
and hardware, image processing techniques will image processing will unlock new possibilities in
become faster and more accurate, enabling real- automation, diagnostics, and interactive
time applications like autonomous vehicles and technologies, shaping the future of many
smart surveillance. industries.