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Arduino and Raspberry Pi Sensor
Projectsfor the Evil Genius™
Arduino and Raspberry Pi Sensor
Projects for the Evil Genius™

Robert Chin

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About the Author

Robert Chin has a Bachelor of Science degree in computer engineering and is

experienced in developing projects on the TI CC3200 SimpleLink, Android,
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and PC Windows platforms using C/C++, Java, Python,
Unreal Script, DirectX, OpenGL, and OpenGL ES 2.0. He is the author of Home
Security System DIY PRO Using Android and TI CC3200 SimpleLink, Home
Security Systems DIY Using Android and Arduino, and Beginning Arduino
ov7670 Camera Development. He is also the author of Beginning Android 3d
Game Development and Beginning IOS 3d Unreal Games Development, both
published by Apress, and was the technical reviewer for UDK Game
Development, published by Course Technology CENGAGE Learning. Beginning
Android 3d Game Development was licensed to Tsinghua University through
Tsinghua University Press.
 Contents

1 Introducing the Arduino and Raspberry Pi

What Is an Arduino?
Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno Specifications
Arduino Uno Components
Arduino Development System Requirements
Arduino IDE Software
Hands-on Example:
A Simple Arduino “Hello World” Program with a LED
Playing Around with the Code
What Is Raspberry Pi?
Raspberry Pi 3 Hardware Overview
Raspberry Pi System Setup
Python IDLE Development Environment
Hands-on Example:
A Simple Raspberry Pi “Hello World” Program with a LED
Summary

2 Arduino and Raspberry Pi Programming Language Basics

Overview of the C/C++ Language for the Arduino
Object-Oriented Programming
Overview of Python for Raspberry Pi
Python Functions
Python Modules
 Python Class Overview
Python Class Inheritance
Summary

3 Basic Electrical Components

Electronics Basics
Resistor
LEDs
Piezo Buzzer
Potentiometer
Push Buttons
Breadboards
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Serial Monitor and LED Indicator
Hands-on Example:
Arduino RGB LED
Hands-on Example:
Arduino LED Buzzer Siren
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Random RGB LED Colors Using a Potentiometer
Hands-on Example:
Arduino RGB Light Switch
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi LED Blinker Counter
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi LED Fading
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi RGB LED Color Selector
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi LED Fading Up and Down Using a Button
Summary

4 Touch Sensor Projects

Analog Joystick
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 Hands-on Example:
Arduino Joystick Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino “Simon Says” Game
Running the Program
Rotary Encoder Controller (KY-040)
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Rotary Encoder Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Rotary Encoder Controlling an RGB LED
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Rotary Encoder Test
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Rotary Encoder LED Blinker
Summary

5 Environmental Sensor Projects I

Reed Switch Magnetic Field Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Reed Switch Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Door Buzzer Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Reed Switch Test
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Reed Switch Door Alarm
TMP36 Temperature Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino TMP36 Temperature Sensor Test
Flame Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Flame Sensor Test
Hands-on Example:
 Arduino Fire Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Flame Sensor Test
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Fire Alarm
Infrared Proximity/Collision Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Infrared Proximity/Collision Detector
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Infrared Collision/Proximity Sensor Alarm
Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11)
Hands-on Example:
Arduino DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Test
Summary

6 Environmental Sensor Projects II

Water Detector/Soil Moisture Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Water Detector Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Soil Moisture Detector
Light Detector (Photo Resistor)
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Rooster Alarm
Sound Detector
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Light Clapper
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi “Out of Breath” Game
Summary

7 Human Sensor Projects

Hands-on Example:
Arduino Glass Break Alarm
 Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Glass Break Alarm
HC-SR501 Infrared Motion Detector
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Infrared Motion Detector Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Infrared Motion Detection Alarm
HC-SR04 Distance Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino HC-SR04 Distance Sensor Intruder Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Collision Alarm
Summary

8 Arduino TFT LCD Display and Image Sensor Projects

Arduino TFT LCD Color Display Screen with SD Card Reader/Writer
Hands-on Example:
Arduino TFT Display and SD Card Reader/Writer Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino TFT Display Door Entry Alarm with SD Card Logging
Arduino Cameras
Hands-on Example:
Arduino ArduCAM OV2640 Mini Portable Programmable Digital Camera
System
Summary
Index
 CHAPTER 1
Introducing the Arduino and Raspberry Pi

THIS CHAPTER WILL INTRODUCE YOU to the Arduino and the Raspberry Pi. First, I
give a brief explanation of what the Arduino is. Then I specifically address the
Arduino Uno, discussing its general features, including its capabilities and key
functional components. This is followed by a discussion of the Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software, which is needed to
develop programs for the Arduino. Each key function of the Arduino IDE is
reviewed, followed by a hands-on example giving detailed step-by-step
instructions on how to set up the Arduino for development and how to run and
modify an example program using the Arduino IDE. Next comes the Raspberry
Pi. I discuss what the Raspberry Pi is and the specifications for the Raspberry Pi
3. This section tells you how to set up the Raspberry Pi before using it for the
first time. Raspberry Pi hardware features are addressed, including the general
purpose input-output (GPiO) pin specifications. The final section includes a
hands-on example of how to control a light-emitting diode (LED) using the
Raspberry Pi.

What Is an Arduino?
The Arduino is an open-source microcontroller that uses the C and C++
languages to control digital and analog outputs to devices and electronic
components and to read in digital and analog inputs from other devices and
electronic components for processing. For example, an Arduino can read a signal
from a sensor in a home security system that detects the heat that a human being
emits. The sensor sends a signal to the Arduino indicating that a person is in the
home. After receiving this information, the Arduino can send commands to a
camera such as the ArduCAM Mini digital camera to start taking pictures of the
intruder. There are many different Arduino models out there. However, to create
the examples in this book, you will need an Arduino model with enough pins to
connect the components you desire, such as a camera, Bluetooth adapter, and/or
motion sensor. Figure 1-1 shows the official Arduino logo.

Figure 1-1 Official Arduino logo.

Note: The official website of the Arduino is www.arduino.cc.

Arduino Uno
There are a great many Arduino products out there, ranging from models that are
small and can actually be worn by the user to models with many digital and
analog input-output pins. For the projects in this book, I recommend the Arduino
Uno, which is an open-source microcontroller that has enough digital ports to
accommodate a camera, a Secure Digital (SD) card reader/writer with enough
digital and analog ports for other devices, sensors, lights, and any other gadgets
that you may require for your own custom projects. The official Arduino Uno
board is made by a company called Arduino SRL, formerly Smart Projects,
formed by one of the founders of the Arduino (Figure 1-2). The newer official
Arduino Uno boards are slightly different in that they are more blue-green
instead of blue in color and contain the Genuino logo under the main Arduino
logo. The Genuino trademark is used outside the United States as a result of the
split between Arduino founders.
Figure 1-2 The official Arduino Uno.

There are also unofficial Arduino Uno boards made by other companies. A
good way to tell whether a board is official or unofficial is by the color of a
component that is located near the Arduino’s USB port. This component on an
official Arduino board is a metallic gold color. The component on an unofficial
board is green. The writing on the components also differs (Figure 1-3).
Figure 1-3 Metallic gold colored component on an official Arduino Uno board.

A number of other companies also manufacture Arduino Uno boards.

Because the Arduino is an open-source item, other companies can legally
manufacture the board, and the boards vary in quality and price. Generally, an
unofficial Arduino Uno costs around $10, and an official Arduino Uno costs
around $20. The distinguishing parts of an official Arduino board are the golden
component and the high-quality Arduino and Genuino logos printed on the board
(Figure 1-4).
Figure 1-4 Key parts of an official Arduino Uno.

Arduino Uno Specifications

Microcontroller: ATmega328P
Operating voltage: 5 V
Input voltage (recommended): 7–12 V
Input voltage limit: 6–20 V
Digital I/O pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) PWM digital I/O pins:
6
Analog input pins: 6
 DC current per I/O pin: 20 mA DC current for 3.3-V pin: 50 mA Flash
memory: 32 kB (ATmega328P) (of which 0.5 kB used by boot loader)
SRAM: 2 kB (ATmega328P) EEPROM: 1 kB (ATmega328P) Clock
speed: 16 MHz Length: 68.6 mm Width: 53.4 mm Weight: 25 g

Arduino Uno Components

This section covers the functional components of the Arduino Uno.

USB Connection Port

The Arduino Uno has a USB connector that is used to connect the Arduino to the
main computer development system via standard USB A male to B male cable
so that it can be programmed and debugged (Figure 1-5).

Figure 1-5 USB connector.

9-V Battery Connector

The Arduino Uno has a 9-V battery connector where you can attach a 9-V
battery to power the Arduino (Figure 1-6).
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 Figure 1-6 Arduino Uno 9-V battery connector.

Reset Button
There is a Reset button on the Arduino Uno that you can press to reset the board.
This restarts the program contained in the Arduino’s memory (Figure 1-7).

Figure 1-7 Arduino Uno Reset button.

Digital Pins
The Arduino Uno has many digital pins capable of simulating analog output
through the process of pulse-width modulation (PWM). For example, a LED
light generally has only two modes: on (full brightness) and off (no light
emitted). However, with digital PWM, the LED light can appear to have a
brightness in between on and off. For instance, with PWM, a LED can start from
an off state and slowly brighten until it is at its highest brightness level and then
slowly dim until back to the off state. The digital pins on the Arduino Uno are
pins 0 through 13. These PWM-capable digital pins are circled in Figure 1-8.

Figure 1-8 Arduino Uno digital pins.

Communication
The communication section of the Arduino Uno contains pins for serial
communication between the Arduino and other devices, such as a Bluetooth
adapter or a personal computer. The Tx0 and Rx0 pins are connected to the USB
port and are used for communication between your Arduino and your computer
by means of a USB cable. The Serial Monitor that can be used for sending data
to the Arduino and reading data from the Arduino uses the Tx0 and Rx0 pins.
Thus you should not connect anything to these pins if you want to use the Serial
Monitor to debug your Arduino programs or to receive user input (Figure 1-9). I
will talk more about the Serial Monitor later in this book.
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 Dr. Crane's pipe had long since gone out for lack of attention.

"It's a wonderfully sad and yet interesting story," he remarked; "I will of
course keep it to myself, but had I known this earlier, I should certainly
have tried to save Margaret Woodford from going to employers with this
shadow over them."

"Oh, you needn't worry," said his friend, a little testily, "or I shall be
sorry I told you; you may take it from me, any woman would be safe under
the care of such a chivalrous gentleman as Gordon Medhurst. There is a
mistake somewhere; I hope in some way—God's way, perhaps—his name
will be cleared."

* * * * *

It was some weeks later that Dr. Hatherley noticed another

announcement in his morning paper which brought a fervent "Thank God!"
to his lips as he read it. It was headed:

"AN OLD SOCIETY CRIME RECALLED

"Through her lawyers the late Lucille Medhurst wishes it to be known

that she alone was responsible for the loss of Miss Vandevor's necklace ten
years ago; her husband, who suffered the full penalty of the law, was wholly
innocent. Her full confession is in our hands."

"I always knew he was innocent," said his friend, laying the paper down
with a sigh of relief.
 CHAPTER XII

HAPPINESS

The tragedy of Mrs. Medhurst's death had wrought many changes.

Ellice had been sent away to a boarding-school at Margaret's suggestion,
and she herself had gone to live with Mrs. Crane as companion—but, as
that lady put it in her letter, "more as a daughter of the house than a
dependent, dear—the daughter I have always wanted to take care of us in
our old age."

Mr. Medhurst went abroad for a few years, and then something new and
unexpected happened which changed the lives of all the inmates of
Oaklands.

Under the old oak tree a girl sat, her head buried in her hands in an
abandonment of grief: it was Ellice Medhurst, no longer the little child who
had in earlier years fled to the woods to soothe her childish griefs, but a tall
girl of fifteen, merging into womanhood. Near her stood a young man
looking down upon her with rather a puzzled countenance, a slight frown
wrinkling his forehead.

"I don't see what's the use of making a fuss, Ellice," he remarked.

"Because it won't be anything to you—you will be off to college

directly," she answered, "and I shall be left with her. I won't bear it, Bob—I
can't. I know I shall hate her—and father will—will never think of me—
now," she ended with a sob.

"Look here, Sis," said her brother, after a slight pause, "I think it's mean
of you to take up this attitude. Here's father coming home to-day, and
because he's chosen to marry again, you are putting yourself out, and
making up your mind to be as beastly as you can to her—his wife, I mean. I
know you—you can be nasty when you like—at least you used to be," he
corrected. "You've been jolly decent lately; now you are going to spoil it all
by being mean."
 "Mean? I don't understand. In what way am I mean—and to whom?"

"To father, of course," was the emphatic answer—at Ellice's amazed

repetition of the words. "You are going to spoil all his happiness by taking
up this role of being injured. Dad will, of course, want you to like her—the
message in his letter is plain enough, 'I hope you will do your best to give
us both a welcome'—and all I can say is, whatever you do, I mean to go
home and receive them. Come on, Sis, pull yourself together! It doesn't say
much for your love for dad, if you set out to cause him trouble like this, and
spoil his happiness. Be nice; very likely she won't be half bad. I expect she
dreads seeing us quite as much as we dread seeing her. What's the honour of
keeping smiling only when things are pleasant? Come on—get over it. I'm
off; it's nearly time they arrived."

There was silence for a moment, and Bob stood fidgeting by his sister,
then in half-disgusted tones he said:

"I can't wait any longer for you; if you won't come—you won't." And
with a quick stride he turned and made his way down the avenue towards
home.

For a few minutes longer the struggle for victory went on in Ellice
Medhurst's heart, then suddenly she jumped up with the muttered words,
"I'll try; Bob must be right." She ran lightly down the path after him, and
caught him up at the edge of the wood.

"I'm coming with you," she whispered breathlessly, as she grasped his
arm.

"Well done, young 'un!" he answered. "Come on, we must run, or we

shall be late."

* * * * *

"Here they come!" shouted Bob, as two figures turned into the drive—a
smothered exclamation escaped him as he rushed to the front door.
 Ellice did not follow immediately, her knees were shaking, and she felt
strung up to such a pitch of mental excitement she hardly felt capable of
following Bob at first. Then suddenly she heard her father's voice saying,
"Where's Ellice?" The reaction came immediately; she flew to the door, and
threw herself blindly into her father's arms with a smothered sob.

"Why, ladybird, what is it?" he said, stroking her hair gently. "Look—
have you no word of welcome for my wife?"

"Ellice, dear child," said Margaret's voice gently.

The girl started, raising her head, and looked wonderingly into the sweet
face of her old governess. Then the great fact dawned upon her mind—
Margaret Woodford, whom she loved, was the new stepmother she had
dreaded.

"You?—You?" she exclaimed, clasping the hands extended towards her.

"Oh, how lovely!"

Tears of joy glistened in Margaret's eyes.

"I think you can see the reward of other years now, can't you?"
whispered her husband, and Margaret did see, and was wondrously content.

* * * * *

Two months passed quickly away—two months of unalloyed happiness

to Margaret in her new life.

It was her birthday, and she stood looking out upon the frost-clothed
lawn glistening in a bath of winter sunshine, waiting for the others to come
down to breakfast. It was November—cold, still, and bright.

Presently she felt her husband's hand upon her shoulder, and heard his
voice saying:

"Many happy returns! Here is my double present for your wedding and
your birthday," and he placed an important looking envelope in her hands.
 At first Margaret gazed at the packet uncomprehendingly, then the
nature of the gift became clear.

"The Abbey House!" she exclaimed. "You have bought the Abbey—
House—Gordon?"

"Yes, and I now present it to my wife," he said gaily. "I hope she is
pleased?"

"Pleased? I can scarcely believe it—the dear old home—ours?"

"Yes, the late owners are going abroad and wanted to sell, and at last I
have got what I have been hoping to have the opportunity of purchasing for
some time. We will go there to live, dear, as soon as you like."

"Oh, I don't know how to thank you!—it is beyond my wildest dreams,"

answered Margaret. "I so loved the place. But, Gordon (the brightness
fading a little from her face), how will Ellice like leaving Oaklands? She is
just as attached to it as I was to the old home."

"I know," answered Mr. Medhurst; "we will keep it, dear, and come out
here in the summer months. Betsy and James can remain in charge."

"That will be splendid, and please us all," she answered quietly, adding,
as if to herself, "I sometimes wonder why God has been so bountiful to
me."

We leave Margaret Woodford, while yet the ministry of life is

unfinished, and her future and that of her loved ones an unwritten page,
knowing that for her and all God's servants, the promise remains
unshakable—"I will be with thee all the days. When thou passest through
the waters, they shall not overflow thee."
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