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RCS Pau 494 397 631 - Photo credits : Freepik by Harryarts - Alamy - Shutterstock - AdobeStock - Sébastien Arnouts - Deltafluid.
Page
Page
TECHNICAL
REGULATION
INFORMATION
AND PRESSURE
FLOW LIMITATION
Page
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT
Page
Page
FLOW
ACCESSORIES
MEASUREMENT
3
page page
Differential pressure Integrated
measurement orifice
page page
A turnkey
Meter run
solution
page page
Primary element High precision
selection guide measurement tube
page page
Orifice plates Compact
flowmeter
Sharp edge
orifice plate 10 page
Conical entrance Pitot tube
orifice plate
11
Quarter circle
orifice plate
12 page
Eccentric Cone meter
orifice plate
13
Segmental
orifice plate
14
page
Conditioning 15 Wedge meter
orifice plate
page
Sonic nozzle page
Venturi tubes for calibration
applications
Rolled and welded
venturi tube 16
Venturi tube page
Machined
venturi tube
17 and orifice plate
for wet gas
As cast
venturi tube
18 applications
page
Nozzles
ISA 1932 nozzle 19

Long radius
nozzle
20
Venturi-nozzle 21
4 5
DIFFERENTIAL A TURNKEY
PRESSURE FLOW SOLUTION
A TURNKEY SOLUTION
Flow measuring elements supplied with
MEASUREMENT accessories adapted to meet your needs
A MEASURE
WITH MANY BENEFITS Flow measuring
elements
applicable for all types of fluids and mixtures Instrumentation Piping
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃
in liquid, gas or steam form
accessories accessories
STANDARDIZED COST-SAVING ROBUST
orifice plate
UNNECESSARY QUICK AND EASY NO MOVING
CALIBRATION INSTALLATION PARTS
GUARANTEED PRECISION MAINTENANCE FREE LONG LIFE TIME

differential pressure flanges
transmitter
venturi
differential
pressure
transmitter
Q= K
Q flow relative and absolute condensation pot
HP BP K constant taking in consideration the pressure transmitter nozzle
fluid and piping parameters
ΔP differential pressure
RE
RESSU
LOW P
manifold cone meter thermowell
RE
RESSU
HIGH P
temperature sensor compact flow straightener
calculator meter run valve
orifice plate venturi tube nozzle pitot tube cone meter housing pitot tube instrumentation holder
6 7
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ PRIMARY ELEMENT SELECTION GUIDE
REYNOLDS
NUMBER ReD
fluid velocity in m/s
pipe internal diameter in m
ν kinematic fluid viscosity in m²/s
ν mass flow rate in kg/s

dynamic fluid viscosity in Pa.s
PRIMARY ELEMENT
SELECTION GUIDE
The Reynolds number (ReD) is a dimensionless parameter which expresses the relationship between
the inertia and viscosity forces in a pipe. It qualifies the type of flow (laminar, transient or turbulent).
The below table provides the Reynolds number limitations and the recommended pipe diameter as per
Primary elements allow to cover a very wide range of applications. the standards. It is possible to extend these values by performing a calibration of the device concerned.
The below table will help you select the most suitable solution for your installation.
GAS LIQUID STANDARDIZED VALUES ACCORDING ISO 5167 & ISO/TR 15377:
recommended
STEAM - Reynolds number ReD MAIN ADVANTAGE PAGE
adapted CLEAN DIRTY CLEAN DIRTY VISCOUS AGRESSIVE
- Internal diameter of the pipe D, in mm
(2) (2) 5 000 25 ≤ D ≤ 1 000 108 Economical and reliable 10

SHARP EDGE(1)
(2) (2) 80 25 ≤ D ≤ 500 6.104 Low flowrate and/or viscous fluid 11

CONICAL ENTRANCE(1)
ORIFICE PLATE
(2) (2) 250 25 ≤ D ≤ 500 6.104 Viscous fluid 12

QUARTER CIRCLE(1)
(2) (2) 42 000 100 ≤ D ≤ 1 000 8.4.105 Dirty, charged or two-phase fluid 13
ECCENTRIC(1)
(4)
(2) (2) 104 50 ≤ D ≤ 500 106 Dirty, charged or two-phase fluid 14
SEGMENTAL(1)
(5)
SHORT
CONDITIONING(1) STRAIGHT (2) (2) 5 000 25 ≤ D ≤ 1 000 108 Short straight length (2D/2D) 15
LENGTH
SHORT
Short straight length and low
VENTURI TUBE STRAIGHT 2.105 50 ≤ D ≤ 1 200 2.106 16 à 18
LENGTH permanent pressure drop
(2) (2) 104 50 ≤ D ≤ 630 107 Large flowrate 19 - 20

NOZZLE
Large flowrate and low

VENTURI-NOZZLE 1.5.105 65 ≤ D ≤ 500 2.106 21
permanent pressure drop
(6)
METER RUN(3) 80 6 ≤ D ≤ 300 108 High accuracy 22 à 24
(7)
PITOT TUBE 1.2.104 100 ≤ D ≤ 5 000 108 Wide pipe and very low pressure drop 26
SHORT
CONE METER STRAIGHT 8.104 50 ≤ D ≤ 500 1.2.107 Short straight length 27
LENGTH
WEDGE METER 104 50 ≤ D ≤ 600 9.106 Fluid charged with impurities 28
(1)
All of these primary elements can be integrated in a compact flowmeter version - see page 25. 10 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
(2)
For a very corrosive / abrasive fluid, provide a resistant material and / or a coating protection on the edge of the restriction : stellite coating, ceramic projection. ReD
(3) (4)
The meter run is a complete solution including the primary element, gaskets, flanges, pressure taps, upstream and downstream straight lengths… see page 23. Standardized element according to DIN VDI/VDE 2014
(5)
Special meter run : Non standardized element, recommended ReD and D ranges
(6)
- Integrated orifice for diameters up to 40 mm - see page 22. From 6 to 40 mm, standardized element according to ASME MFC-14M
(7)
- High precision measurement tube with differential pressure transmitter and temperature sensor if needed for the most accurate measure of the market - see page 24. Standardized element according to ASME MFC-12M
8 9
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ CONCENTRIC ORIFICE PLATES
SHARP EDGE ORIFICE PLATE
ORIFICE PLATE WITH CONICAL ENTRANCE
Cost-saving and reliable solution Recommended for small flow rates and/or viscous fluids
GENERAL DATA GENERAL DATA

- Standards: ISO 5167-1&2, ASME MFC-3M, ISO/TR 15377 - Standard: ISO/TR 15377
- Flange mounting(1): - Flange mounting(1):
o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420 o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420
o ASME 150# to 2500# o ASME 150# to 2500#
o Others: upon request o Others: upon request
- Material: - Material:
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L
o Others(1): according to your application o Others(1): according to your application
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
- Pipes from φ 25 to 1 000 mm - Pipes from φ 25 to 1 000 mm
- Accuracy: 0.5 % of the max flow rate - Accuracy: 2 % of max the flow rate
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % - Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 %
pressure pressure
taps(1) tap(1)
FLUID FLUID
Optional: stellite coating(1) Optional: stellite coating(1)

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO/TR 15377 ISO 5167-1&2 ASME MFC-3M TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO/TR 15377
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 5 000 ≤ ReD ≤ 10 8
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 80 ≤ ReD ≤ 6.104
D(2) Inside pipe diameter 25 mm ≤ D < 50 mm 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 1 000 mm D Inside pipe diameter 25 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm
d Orifice diameter d ≥ 12.5 mm d Orifice diameter d > 6 mm
ß d/D 0.5 ≤ ß ≤ 0.7 0.1 ≤ ß ≤ 0.75 ß d/D 0.1 ≤ ß ≤ 0.316
Upstream face roughness < 10-4.d Upstream face roughness ≤ 10-4.d
r Sharp edge radius r < 0.000 4.d e1 Thickness of the conical entrance e1 = 0.084.d ± 0.003.d
e Orifice thickness 0.005.D ≤ e ≤ 0.02.D e Cylindrical part thickness e = 0.021.d ± 0.003.d
E Plate thickness e ≤ E ≤ 0.05.D E Plate thickness E ≤ 0.1.D
α Angle of the downstream bevel α = 45° ± 15° α Angle of the upstream bevel α = 45° ± 1°
t Flatness tolerance t < 0.005.(D - d)/2 t Flatness tolerance t < 0.005.(D - d - 2.e1)/2
(1) (1)
For more details, see «Technical information» section on page 54. For more details, see «Technical information» section on page 54.
(2)
Orifice plates with diameters D from 6 mm are described in the ASME MFC-14M standard - see page 22.
10 11
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ NON-CONCENTRIC ORIFICE PLATES
QUARTER CIRCLE ECCENTRIC
ORIFICE PLATE ORIFICE PLATE
Recommended for viscous fluids Recommended for dirty fluids with small particles
or two-phase fluids
GENERAL DATA
- Standard: ISO/TR 15377 GENERAL DATA
- Flange mounting(1): - Standard: ISO/TR 15377
o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420 - Flange mounting(1):
o ASME 150# to 2500# o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420
o Others: upon request o ASME 150# to 2500#
- Material: o Others: upon request
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L - Material:
o Others(1): according to your application o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam o Others(1) : according to your application
- Pipes from φ 25 to 500 mm - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
- Accuracy: 2 % of the max flow rate - Pipes from φ 100 to 1 000 mm
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % - Accuracy: 1 % of the max flow rate
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 %
pressure
taps(1) pressure
tap(1)
D ≥ 40 mm
E
1.5 x d
e
r
d
FLUID
FLUID
Optional: stellite coating(1) Optional: stellite coating(1)

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO/TR 15377 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO/TR 15377
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 250 ≤ ReD ≤ 6.10 4
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 42 000 ≤ ReD ≤ 8.4.105
D Inside pipe diameter 25 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm D Inside pipe diameter 100 mm ≤ D ≤ 1 000 mm
d Orifice diameter d ≥ 15 mm d Orifice diameter d ≥ 50 mm
ß d/D 0.245 ≤ ß ≤ 0.6 ß d/D 0.46 ≤ ß ≤ 0.84
Upstream face roughness ≤ 10 .d
-4
Upstream face roughness ≤ 10-4.d
r Quarter circle radius 0.100.d ≤ r ≤ 0.207.d r Radius of the upstream sharp edge r < 0.000 4.d
e Quarter circle orifice thickness 2.5 mm ≤ e ≤ 0.1.D e Cylindrical orifice thickness 0.005.D ≤ e ≤ 0.02.D
E Plate thickness E≥r E Plate thickness e ≤ E ≤ 0.05.D
α Angle of the downstream bevel if needed α = 45° α Angle of the downstream bevel if needed α = 45° ± 15°
t Flatness tolerance Contact us t Flatness tolerance t < 0.005.(D - d)/2
(1) (1)
12 13
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ NON-CONCENTRIC ORIFICE PLATES
SEGMENTAL CONDITIONING
ORIFICE PLATE ORIFICE PLATE
Recommended for dirty fluids with small particles Cost-saving solution thanks to reduced upstream
or two-phase fluids and downstream straight lengths

- Standard: DIN VDI/VDE 2041 - Design based on ISO 5167-1&2 or ASME MFC-3M
- Flange mounting(1): standards
o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420 - Flange mounting(1):
o ASME 150# to 2500# o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420
o Others: upon request o ASME 150# to 2500#
- Material: o Others: upon request
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L - Material:
o Others(1): according to your application o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam o Others(1): according to your application
- Accuracy: 1.2 % of the max flow rate - Pipes from φ 25 to 1 000 mm
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % - Accuracy: 0.5 % of the max flow rate
pressure
taps(1) pressure
taps(1)
FLUID
FLUID
FLUID
Optional: stellite coating(1) TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Optional: stellite coating(1)

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS DIN VDI/VDE 2041 ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 5 000 ≤ ReD ≤ 108
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 104 ≤ ReD ≤ 106 D Inside pipe diameter 25 mm ≤ D ≤ 1 000 mm
D Inside pipe diameter 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm d Orifice diameter d ≥ 6 mm
h Orifice height h ≥ 12.5 mm ß d/D 0.2 ≤ ß ≤ 0.65
ß h/D 0.316 ≤ ß ≤ 0.707 Upstream face roughness ≤ 10-4.d
Upstream face roughness ≤ 10-4.h r Shard edge radius r < 0.000 4.d
e Orifice thickness 0.005.D ≤ e ≤ 0.02.D e Sharp edge orifice thickness 0.005.D ≤ e ≤ 0.02.D
E Plate thickness e ≤ E ≤ 0.05.D E Plate thickness e ≤ E ≤ 0.05.D
α Angle of the downstream bevel if needed α = 45° ± 15° α Angle of the downstream bevel if needed α = 45° ± 15°
t Flatness tolerance t < 0.005.(D - h)/2 t Flatness tolerance t < 0.005.(D - d)/2
(1) (1)
14 15
ROLLED WELDED MACHINED
VENTURI TUBE VENTURI TUBE
Suitable for large diameters and/or low permanent Suitable for small diameters and/or low permanent
pressure drop pressure drop
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ VENTURI TUBE

- Standards: ISO 5167-1&4 or ASME MFC-3M - Standards: ISO 5167-1&4 or ASME MFC-3M
- Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1) - Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1)
- Material: - Material:
o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
o Others(1): according to your application o Others(1): according to your application
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
- Pipes from φ 100 to 1 200 mm - Pipes from φ 50 to 250 mm
- Accuracy: 1.5 % of the max flow rate - Accuracy: 1 % of the max flow rate
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % - Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 %
MARK DESIGNATION
1 Entrance cylinder
2 Convergent
3 Throat
4 Divergent
FLUID FLUID
Upstream and throat pressure taps: annular chambers or four tappings with a «triple-T» arrangement Upstream and throat pressure taps: annular chambers or four tappings with a «triple-T» arrangement
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&4 ASME MFC-3M TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&4 ASME MFC-3M
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 2.10 ≤ ReD ≤ 2.10
5 6
2.10 ≤ ReD ≤ 6.10
5 6
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 2.10 ≤ ReD ≤ 10
5 6
2.105 ≤ ReD ≤ 6.106
D Inside pipe diameter 200 mm ≤ D ≤ 1 200 mm(2) 100 mm ≤ D ≤ 1 200 mm(2) D Inside pipe diameter 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 250 mm
ß d/D 0.40 ≤ ß ≤ 0.70 0.30 ≤ ß ≤ 0.75 ß d/D 0.40 ≤ ß ≤ 0.75 0.30 ≤ ß ≤ 0.75
Throat roughness ≤ 10-4.d Throat roughness ≤ 10-4.d
Entrance cylinder and convergent roughness ≤ 5.10-4.D Entrance cylinder and convergent roughness ≤ 10-4.d
l Entrance cylinder minimal length l=D l Entrance cylinder minimal length l=D
l’ Entrance convergent length l’ = 2.7.(D - d) l’ Entrance convergent length l’ = 2.7.(D - d)
α Entrance convergent angle α = 21° ± 1° α Entrance convergent angle α = 21° ± 1°
lc Throat length lc = d ± 0.03.d lc Throat length lc = d ± 0.03.d
ᵠ Exit divergent angle 7° ≤ ᵠ ≤ 15° ᵠ Exit divergent angle 7° ≤ ᵠ ≤ 15°
(1) (1)
(2)
Diameter > 1 200 mm available on request.
16 17
AS CAST ISA 1932
VENTURI TUBE NOZZLE
For a better accuracy Suitable for large flow rates with high speeds

- Standards: ISO 5167-1&4 or ASME MFC-3M - Standards: ISO 5167-1&3 or ASME MFC-3M
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ NOZZLE

- Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1) - Flange mounting(1) :
- Material: o ISO PN 2.5 to 420
o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel o ASME 150# to 2500#
o Others(1): according to your application o Others: upon request
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam or weld-end connection (BW)
- Pipes from φ 100 to 1 200 mm - Material :
- Accuracy: 0.7 % of the max flow rate o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % o Others(1): according to your application
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
- Pipes from φ 50 to 500 mm
- Accuracy: 0.8 % of the max flow rate
pressure
MARK DESIGNATION
tap(1)
1 Annular chamber
2 ISA 1932 nozzle
3 Gasket
R1
R3
R2
D
FLUID
D
to
Ra
mo
Ra
d
l l' lc
Upstream and throat pressure taps: annular chambers or four tappings with a «triple-T» arrangement
FLUID
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&4 ASME MFC-3M

ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 2.10 ≤ ReD ≤ 2.10
5 6
2.105 ≤ ReD ≤ 6.106
D Inside pipe diameter 100 mm ≤ D ≤ 800 mm 100 mm ≤ D ≤ 1 200 mm
ß d/D 0.30 ≤ ß ≤ 0.75
Throat roughness ≤ 10-4.d
Entrance cylinder and convergent roughness ≤ 10-4.D
l Entrance cylinder minimal length l = D ou(2) (0.25.D + 250 mm) Optional: stellite coating(1)
l’ Entrance convergent length l’ = 2.7.(D - d) TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&3 & ASME MFC-3M
α Entrance convergent angle α = 21° ± 1° ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 2.104 ≤ ReD ≤ 107
lc Throat length lc = d ± 0.03.d (minimum value = d/3) D Inside pipe diameter 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm
Radius of curvature 1 between the entrance ß d/D 0.3 ≤ ß ≤ 0.8
R1 R1 = 1.375.D ± 0.275.D
cylinder and the convergent section
Roughness of the upstream face and throat ≤ 10-4.d
Radius of curvature 2 between the
R2 R2 = 3.625.d ± 0.125.d bn Cylindrical throat length bn = 0.3.d
convergent section and the throat
Radius of curvature 3 between the throat Nozzle total length Upon request
R3 5.d < R3 < 15.d
and the divergent section r Downstream sharp edge radius r < 0.000 4.d
ᵠ Exit divergent angle 7° ≤ ᵠ ≤ 15° H Thickness H ≤ 0.1.D
(1) (1)
(2)
Consider the smaller value.
18 19
LONG RADIUS VENTURI-NOZZLE
NOZZLE MACHINED OR WELDED
Suitable for big steam flow rates
CONSTRUCTION
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ VENTURI-NOZZLE

Suitable for large flow rates with low permanent
GENERAL DATA
pressure drop
- Standards: ISO 5167-1&3 or ASME MFC-3M
- Flange mounting(1) :
o ISO PN 2.5 to 420 GENERAL DATA
o ASME 150# to 2500# - Standards: ISO 5167-1&3 or ASME MFC-3M
o Others: upon request - Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1)
or weld-end connection (BW) - Material:
- Material: o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel o Others(1): according to your application
o Others(1): according to your application - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam - Pipes from φ 65 to 500 mm
- Pipes from φ 50 to 500 mm - Accuracy: > 1.2 % of the max flow rate
- Accuracy: 2 % of the max flow rate - Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 %
pressure
Mark DESIGNATION
tap(1)
1 Upstream pipe
2 Long radius nozzle
3 Downstream pipe
FLUID
FLUID
Throat pressure taps: annular chambers or four tappings with a «triple-T» arrangement
Optional: stellite coating(1)
ISO 5167-1&3 & ASME MFC-3M TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&3 & ASME MFC-3M
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS High-ratio nozzle Low-ratio nozzle
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 1.5.105 ≤ ReD ≤ 2.106
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 104 ≤ ReD ≤ 107 D Inside pipe diameter 65 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm
D Inside pipe diameter 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 630 mm d Orifice diameter d ≥ 50 mm
ß d/D 0.25 ≤ ß ≤ 0.8 0.2 ≤ ß ≤ 0.5 ß d/D 0.316 ≤ ß ≤ 0.775
Roughness of upstream face and throat ≤ 10-4.d Roughness of upstream face and
≤ 10-4.d
bn Cylindrical throat length bn = 0.6.d internal surfaces
Nozzle total length = D/2 + 0.6.d = d + 0.6.d b Cylindrical throat length b = 0.7.d to 0.75.d
H Thickness 3 mm ≤ H ≤ 0.15.D ᵠ Exit divergent angle ᵠ ≤ 30°
(1) (1)
20 21
INTEGRATED ORIFICE METER RUN
Complete measuring element with special flanges Complete and flexible measuring element to facilitate
Suitable for diameters of pipes ≤ 40 mm on-site installation
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ METER RUN

- Standard: ASME MFC-14M - Standards: ISO 5167-1&2, ASME MFC-3M or ISO/TR 15377
- Mounting of the sharp edge orifice plate between special - Mounting of the primary element between flanges(1) :
flanges (direct mounting of the manifold and of the differential o ISO PN 2.5 to 420
pressure transmitter) o ASME 150# to 2500#
- Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1) o Others: upon request
- Material: - Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1)
o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel - Material:
o Others(1): according to your application o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam o Others(1): according to your application
- Accuracy: 0.5 % of the max flow rate - Pipes from φ 25 to 300 mm (for easy assembling)
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % - Accuracy: according to the primary element considered
pressure
MARK DESIGNATION
tap(1)
1 Flange MARK DESIGNATION
The assembly is carried out in
2 Upstream pipe 1 Flange
our workshop in compliance with
3 Bolts 2 Upstream pipe standards (roughness of upstream
4 Annular chamber pressure 3 Bolts and downstream pipes, centering of
5 Gasket taps(1) 4 Orifice flange* the primary element, pipe circularity,
6 Sharp edge orifice plate 5 Gasket
ustream and downstream straight
lengths…) in order to reach optimum
7 Upstream pipe 6 Orifice plate**
measurement accuracy.
7 Upstream pipe
* mounting also possible between annular chamber

The construction is carried out in compliance with the standards ** all types of orifice plates (as well as nozzles) can be
(primary element, roughness of upstream and downstream pipes, mounted in a meter run
centering of the primary element, pipe circularity, upstream and
downstream straight lengths…) in order to achieve optimum
measurement accuracy.(1)
FLUID
D
FLUID
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASME MFC-14M

ReD Reynolds number in the pipe ReD > 1 000
D Inside pipe diameter 6 mm ≤ D ≤ 40 mm
ß d/D 0.1 ≤ ß ≤ 0.8 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - according to the primary element considered
Sharp edge orifice plate Orifice plates p 10 to 15
See corresponding technical datasheet
Roughness of the upstream face < 1.27 µm Nozzles p 19 to 20
r Sharp edge radius r < 0.000 4.d or(2) 0.025 μm Upstream and downstream straight lengths, pipe roughness and circularity, centering of the measuring element (1) p 72 to 78
e Orifice thickness e < 0.02.D or 0.125.d
(2)
ACCESSORIES
E Plate thickness E < 3.2 mm
α Angle of the downstream bevel of the plate α = 45° ± 15° Manifold p 51
See corresponding technical datasheet
t Flatness tolerance t < 0.01.(D - d)/2 Differential pressure transmitter p 52
(1) (1)
(2)
Consider the smaller value.
22 23
HIGH PRECISION COMPACT
MEASURING TUBE FLOWMETER
Complete metering tube for an easy on-site installation Simple, cost-saving and leakage free solution
and for a highly accurate flow measurement
GENERAL DATA
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ COMPACT

GENERAL DATA - Standards: ISO 5167-1&2, ISO/TR 15377 or ASME MFC-3M
- Standards: ISO 5167-1&2, ASME MFC-3M or ISO/TR 15377 - Flange mounting(1) :
- Mounting of the primary element between flanges(1) : o ISO PN 2.5 to 420
o ISO PN 2.5 to 420 o ASME 150# to 2500#
o ASME 150# to 2500# o Others: upon request
o Others: upon request - Material:
- Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1) o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L
- Material: o Others(1): according to your application
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
o Others(1): according to your application - Pipes from φ 25 to 600 mm – beyond, contact us
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam - Accuracy: 0.5 % of the max flow rate
- Pipes from φ 25 to 300 mm (for easy assembling) - Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 %
- Overall measurement accuracy ≤ 1 %
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % pressure
Mark DESIGNATION
tap(1)
1 Differential pressure flowmeter
MARK DESIGNATION MARK DESIGNATION 2 Manifold
1 Flat flange 7 Gasket 3 Connecting pipe
2 Upstream pipe 8 Orifice plate** 4 Orifice carrier (monoblock)
pressure 3 Differential pressure transmitter 9 Bolts
taps(1) 4 Manifold 10 Downstream pipe
5 Connecting tube 11 Nipple
6 Annular chamber* 12 Temperature sensor
* flange mounting also possible

** all types of orifice plates (as well as nozzles) can be mounted in a metering tube
- Direct mounting of the differential pressure
transmitter, no connecting tubes
- Optimized centering of the measuring element - Reduced installation and commissioning costs
- Honing of upstream and downstream pipes - No risk of leakage : factory-tested device, no
to comply with roughness criteria maintenance
- Temperature and pressure compensation(2)
in order to achieve a very accurate flow The compact flowmeter includes:
- the suitable orifice,
measurement - the compact pressure taps,
- Remote mounting of instrumentation - the integrated 3-ou 5-way manifold or bracket,
according to applications - optional pre-set differential pressure transmitter.
FLUID
FLUID
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - according to the primary element considered TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - according to the primary element considered
Orifice plates p 10 to 15 Orifice plates (sharp edge, conical

See corresponding technical datasheet entrance, quarter circle, eccentric, See corresponding technical datasheet p 10 to 15
Nozzles p 19 to 20 segmental, conditioning)
Upstream and downstream straight lengths, pipe roughness and circularity, centering of the measuring element(1) p 72 to 78
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES
Temperature sensor Sensor mounted on the downstream pipe p 41
Temperature sensor Sensor mounted on the downstream pipe p 41 This transmitter enables the correction of
This transmitter enables the correction of density of Multivariable differential pressure transmitter(2) density of gases as a function of temperature p 52
Multivariable differential pressure transmitter(2) p 52
gases as a function of temperature and pressure and pressure
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
The density of gases and steam is variable depending on their temperature and pressure. Compensation is essential for an accurate measurement. The density of gases and steam is variable depending on their temperature and pressure. Compensation is essential for an accurate measurement.
24 25
PITOT TUBE CONE METER
Suitable for flow measurement in large pipes, Suitable for short straight lengths and low flow rates
for installations with low pressure
GENERAL DATA
GENERAL DATA
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ CONE METER

- Standard: ISO 5167-1&5
- Standard: ASME MFC-12M - Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1)
- Measurement averaged over the entire length of the tube - Material:
- Mounting on the pipe: o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
o compression fitting o Others(1): according to your application
o flange: ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420 or ASME 150# to 2500# - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
o retractable - Pipes from φ 50 to 500 mm
- Material: - Accuracy: 5 % of the max flow rate
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L - Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 %
o Others(1): according to your application
MARK DESIGNATION
- Pipes from φ 100 to 5 000 mm
- Accuracy: contact us 1 Cone
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % 2 Tube
MARK DESIGNATION
1 Boss
2 Pitot tube
3 Pipe
FLUID
FLUID
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&5

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASME MFC-12M ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 8.104 ≤ ReD ≤ 1.2.107
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe ReD > 1.2.104 D Inside pipe diameter 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm
D Inside pipe diameter 100 mm ≤ D ≤ 5 000 mm dc, diameter of the cone at the point
ß* 0.45 ≤ ß ≤ 0.75(2)
where its circumference is maximum
L1 Upstream straight length L1 ≥ 7.D
Cone surface roughness < 5.10-4.dc
L2 Downstream straight length L2 ≥ 3.D
Bending radius of the cone at its
P Maximum allowable pressure P ≤ 600 bar R1 R1 < 0.000 5.dc ou < 0.2 mm
maximum circumference
T Maximum allowable temperature T ≤ 1 300 °C Distance between upstream and
L 50 mm ≤ L ≤ 2.D
μ Maximum fluid viscosity 0.2 Pa.s downstream pressure tap

In case of extreme conditions, a calculation to check the mechanical resistance will be carried out according to ASME PTC 19.3. *β = 1−
dc2
D2
(1) (1)
(2)
For β > 0.75, the cone meter needs to be calibrated.
26 27
FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ SONIC NOZZLE, WET GAS APPLICATION
WEDGE METER SONIC NOZZLE FOR
Suitable for low flow rates and dirty fluids with small particles
CALIBRATION APPLICATIONS
Used to measure the reference flow in calibration applications
GENERAL DATA
- Standards: ISO 5167-1&6, R.W. MILLER
- Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1) GENERAL DATA
- Material: - Standards: ISO 9300, ASME PTC 19.5
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L - Flange mounting(1)
o Others(1): according to your application - Material:
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L
- Pipes from φ 12.5 to 600 mm o Others(1): according to your application
- Bi-directional measurement possible - Fluid: gas
- Accuracy: 2 % of the max flow rate - Value of β < 0.25 (β = d/D)
- Repeatability of measurement: 0.1 % - Accuracy: 0.3 % of max flow rate
MARK DESIGNATION
1 Flange
Sonic condition through the nozzle means that the flow reaches the velocity
2 Pressure tap
of sound when passing through the throat. Under these conditions, the flow rate
3 Wedge
depends mainly on the upstream pressure and the fluid temperature. This allows
4 Tube to deliver a steady and perfectly known flow rate, independent of the downstream
pressure conditions from the nozzle.
VENTURI TUBE AND ORIFICE PLATE

FOR WET GAS APPLICATIONS
Suitable for measuring a multiphase flow
with 95% gas minimum
GENERAL DATA
- Standard: ISO/TR 11583
FLUID - Horizontal mounting
- Material:
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L
o Others(1): upon request
- Venturi tube accuracy: 2.5 to 6 % of max flow rate
- Orifice plate accuracy: 2 to 7 % of max flow rate
- Other information: see technical datasheets, venturi tube
on page 16 to 18 and orifice plates on pages 10 to 15
In addition to the pressure taps of the ISO 5167 standard, a 3rd pressure
tap is required for wet gas applications.
It is located 6D downstream:
o of the orifice plate (with drain),
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&6 R.W. MILLER
o or from the end of the divergent for the venturi tube.
ReD Reynolds number in the pipe 10 ≤ ReD ≤ 9.10
4 6
ReD > 500
D Inside pipe diameter 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 600 mm 12.5 mm ≤ D ≤ 600 mm Reduced straight lengths according to ISO 5167 are not recommended. It is required to comply with standard
straight lengths summarized in «Technical information» section on pages 72 to 76. Similarly, using flow
H Orifice height - H > 12.5 mm conditioners is not recommended.
H/D Height ratio 0.2 ≤ H/D ≤ 0.6 0.2 ≤ H/D ≤ 0.5
(1)
For more details, see «Technical information» section on page 54.
ß coin ß equivalent 0.377 ≤ ß ≤ 0.791 0.3 ≤ ß ≤ 0.71
(1)
28 29
Restriction orifice page
for flow limitation or
pressure reduction
page
Simple orifice
restriction orifice
page
Multi-orifice
restriction orifice
page
Design optimization
of restriction orifices
page
Multi-stage
restriction orifice
30 31
RESTRICTION Permissible pressure difference of a restriction orifice
(SS 316L at 20°C)
ORIFICE
TO LIMIT A FLOW 50 Plate
OR REDUCE A PRESSURE thickness
3 mm
40
FLOW LIMITATION ┃ RESTRICTION ORIFICE

6 mm
Pressure diﬀerence (bar)

10 mm
Calibrated device placed in a pipe. It is calculated according to your technical 12 mm
30
specifications in order to achieve the desired pressure or flow rate while preserving 15 mm
the plate and piping integrity. This type of device is a very good alternative to non-
piloted control valves.
20
MAINTENANCE
COST-SAVING ROBUST
FREE
10
To meet all your applications:
corrosive fluids: sea water, chlorine, liquid sulfur...
0
even the most extreme: 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
high temperature, high pressure fluids Inside pipe diameter (mm)
thanks to manufacturing with
suitable materials and design:
cupro-nickel, bronze, hastelloy®,
duplex, titanium, PTFE coating…
Permanent pressure drop Δω

Permanent pressure drop Δω Plate thickness calculation is based
on the differential pressure created and
P, pressure
the inside pipe diameter to prevent plate
Such as for the flow deformation during operation.
measurement, the fluid The above graph indicates the minimum
pressure decreases P1 thickness requirements for a SS 316L plate plate tickness (mm)
Δω, permanent
when passing through pressure drop at 20 °C according to B31.3 standard. inside pipe diameter (mm)
a restriction (see P2 For a rough calculation, the formula to pressure (MPa)
page 6). It reaches its maximum allowable stress (MPa) - see table below
calculate plate thickness is this one aside.
minimum value shortly quality factor (equals to 1 for material types listed below)
after the orifice (Pmin) corrosion thickness (mm)
then increases again to P min.
a stable value (P2). The
permanent pressure loss
Δω (P1 - P2) generated
by turbulence enables
reducing the pressure in
a pipe and / or to limit a
flow rate. S, MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS (MPa)
TEMPERATURES
(°C) 40 65 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600
MATERIALS
STAINLESS STEEL
115 115 115 115 109 103 98.1 94.3 90.9 84.2 67.9
Our expertise covers all aspects of the study and takes into account the essential (A240 316L)
operating conditions as well as specific parameters such as noise level, cavitation and
CARBON STEEL
critical flow (sonic conditions). (A516 GR.70)
161 161 159 154 150 144 136 128 101 - -
A fine understanding of all of these phenomena is needed to avoid premature erosion of the
pipe and orifice plate, excessive noise and vibration levels. ALLOY STEEL
138 138 138 138 136 131 127 123 119 73.7 17.6
(A385 GR.11)
(1)
Warning, this formula does not take into account the gasket factor.
32 33
SIMPLE ORIFICE MULTI-ORIFICE
RESTRICTION ORIFICE RESTRICTION ORIFICE
Cost-saving solution Suitable to reduce noise when passing through the orifice
FLOW LIMITATION ┃ RESTRICTION ORIFICE

- Design based on ISO 5167, ASME MFC-3M - Design based on ISO 5167, ASME MFC-3M or
or R.W. Miller standards R.W. Miller standards
- Flange mounting(1): - Design according to Idel’cik for holes with rounded
o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420 or bevelled edges possible on request
o ASME 150# to 2500# - Flange mounting(1):
o Others: upon request o ISO PN 2.5 to PN 420
- Material: o ASME 150# to 2500#
o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L o Others: upon request
o Others(1): according to your application - Material:
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316L
- For all pipe sizes o Others(1): according to your application
- For all pipe sizes
D
d
FLUID
D
d
FLUID
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Optional: stellite coating(1)

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Optional: stellite coating (1)
Orifices Sized according to the fluid, pressure drop and flow rate passing through the restriction.
Sized according to the fluid, to the desired pressure drop and flow rate when passing Calculation based on the pressure drop created by the plate and the piping inside
Orifice diameter Plate thickness
through the restriction. diameter to prevent plate deformation during operation.
Calculation based on the pressure drop created by the plate and the piping inside The number of orifices is determined according to the noise level not to be exceeded.
Plate thickness
diameter to prevent plate deformation during operation. The maximum noise level depends on the operating conditions: limited to 85 dB(A) by
Noise level control estimated at 1 m. In the event of a high noise level, refer to the multi- the regulatory framework for average daily exposure in continuous operation.
Noise Noise
hole plate - see page 35. Intermittent or emergency operation - higher values acceptable (see corresponding
The level of cavitation is checked for each plate. In the presence of cavitation, a regulations).
Cavitation(2) multistage alternative can be proposed depending on the operating conditions of the If the noise level is still too high, it is possible to switch to a multi-stage restriction orifice.
restriction. The level of cavitation is checked for each plate and the orifices are calculated in order to
Cavitation(2)
If the fluid reaches its maximum speed when passing through the restriction, its flow avoid cavitation.
Critical flow or
rate can no longer increase. A multi-stage solution can be proposed depending on the Critical flow ou
Choked flow(2) Orifices are calculated at critical flow limit to generate a maximum pressure drop.
operating conditions of the restriction - see page 37. Choked flow(2)
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
For more details, see page 36. For more details, see page 36.
34 35
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF MULTI-STAGE
RESTRICTION ORIFICES RESTRICTION ORIFICE
┃ MULTI-STAGE RESTRICTION ORIFICE

Multiple plates in series when the desired pressure
CAVITATION - CRITICAL FLOW - NOISE drop cannot be achieved with a single plate
CAVITATION GENERAL DATA

Liquid cavitation occurs when low local pressure (lower than the vaporization pressure) is - Design based on ISO 5167, ASME MFC-3M or R.W. Miller
standards
sufficient to allow the fluid to change phase from liquid to vapor (gas bubbles appearing).
- Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection(1)
This phenomena can happen when the pressure is droping as the fluid is passing through
- Material:
the orifice. If downstream pressure is recovering above the phase change pressure, the o Standard: stainless steel 304L / 316LL
implosion of these gas bubbles can generate significant noise levels and damage metallic o Others(1): according to your application
components due to the energy dissipation. - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
If the pressure remains below the vaporization pressure downstream of the restriction, the - For all pipe sizes
fluid remains in gaseous form. This is the phenomenon of flashing.
CRITICAL FLOW
FLOW LIMITATION
When approaching the restriction, the fluid velocity is increasing until it reaches its
maximum speed as it flows through the restriction. If the sonic speed is reached (choked
flow) or if the cavitation is too important (choking cavitation), the flow passing through this
orifice does not increase even if the downstream pressure continues to drop.
Maximum flow rate reached
qmax
D
FLUID
Flow rate (q)
Choked flow
Cavitation Choking cavitation Flashing
Pressure difference (√∆p) Liquid - Gas
To avoid the two phenomena mentioned To optimize the design and validate
above or to reduce the noise level of the analytical calculations of complex
device, a multi-stage restriction orifice applications, our engineering office is able
can be proposed. to perform fluid flow simulations (CFD).
Optional: stellite coating(1)

Example: design validation of a restriction orifice after comparing TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
velocities as fluid is passing through the restrictions
Plates mounted in series – spacing between plates from 1D to 5D optimized for each
Plate mounting
Fluid velocity device (D, inside pipe diameter)
with simple
orifice plates Calculation of the number of stages optimized according to the specifications of the
Number of plates application, each plate enabling to reduce the pressure to the maximum while avoiding
the phenomena of cavitation(2) and critical flow(2)
Control of the noise level of the complete device estimated at 1 m. Multi-hole plates
Noise reduce the noise level per stage.
External enclosure solutions can be added if the noise level remains too high (contact us)
Thermodynamic properties of the fluid are taken into account for the calculation of each
Fluid velocity Thermodynamics stage: phase change, temperature, composition and density of the mixture, viscosity,
with multi-orifice
plates
compressibility factor
Possibility of a numerical simulation to complete the analytical calculations – see images
3D simulation
on page 36
(1)
(2)
For more details, see page 36.
36 37
Liquid or gas page
expansion
thermometer
page
Bimetal
thermometer
page
RTD temperature
probe
page
Thermocouple
probe
page
Probe
selection
page
Custom
assembly
page
Pyrometric
rod
page
Multipoint
sensor
page
Transmitter
page
Thermowell
machined from solid
page
Tubular
thermowell
38 39
LIQUID OR GAS RTD TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ┃ RTD OR THERMOCOUPLE PROBE

EXPANSION THERMOMETER PROBE
A robust and reliable measurement A measurement of great precision and great long-term stability
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OPERATING PRINCIPLE

The measuring element is composed of a tube connected to a reservoir located in The measuring element is composed of coiled platinum wires, which resistance varies according to the
the probe. The assembly is filled with liquid or gas and sealed. Temperature variation temperature. The resistance / temperature correspondence is documented in standard IEC 60751.
causes a variation in the fluid volume which drives the pointer on a display.
GENERAL DATA(1)
GENERAL DATA(1)
- Pt 100 or Pt 1000 probe (composed of a platinum
- Standard: EN 13190 resistance whose initial value is respectively 100 Ω or
- Capillar remote measurement or direct measurement 1000 Ω at 0 °C)
- Measuring element: rigid bulb - Standard: IEC 751
- With or without thermowell
THERMOCOUPLE
PROBE
BIMETAL THERMOMETER Suitable for a wide range of temperature application (high temperatures)
A simple and functional measure
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
OPERATING PRINCIPLE A thermocouple is composed of two wires made of different metals or metal alloys
The helically shaped measuring element is composed of two alloys with different welded at one point (hot weld = measuring junction). This junction is placed in the
thermal coefficients. Temperature variation causes a deformation of the spiral which medium whose temperature is to be measured. The other end of the conductors
drives the pointer on a dial. are joined at a point called reference junction, which is compensated to simulate
the 0 °C reference. The temperature difference between the two junctions creates
an electromotive force that varies only with the temperature of the measuring junction
and can therefore be used to measure its temperature.
GENERAL DATA(1)
- Standard: EN 13190
- Measuring element: bimetallic element GENERAL DATA(1)
- With or without thermowell - Thermocouple type T, J, E, K, N, R, S or B
- Standard: IEC 584
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS(1)
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS (1)
RTD temperature probe Thermocouple
Expansion thermometer Bimetal thermometer Measuring scale From -200 °C to +600 °C From -200 °C to +1600 °C
Measuring scale From -200 °C to +700 °C From -70 °C to +600 °C Stainless steel (or other depending
Dial diameter 100 mm - 150 mm 100 mm - 150 mm Protective tube Stainless steel on the thermocouple type and
temperature application)
Case Stainless steel Stainless steel
Stem diameter Up to 8 mm Up to 8 mm
Stem Stainless steel Stainless steel
Stem useful length Up to 1000 mm Up to 1000 mm
Stem diameter Up to 12 mm Up to 12 mm
Standard single element 3 or 4 wires Standard single element 2 wires
Stem useful length Up to 300 mm Up to 1000 mm Connection
or double element on request or duplex on request
Capillary length Up to 10 m -
Protection rating Up to IP68 Up to IP68
Connection designs Screw-in Screw-in
ATEX explosion-proof ATEX explosion-proof
Electrical approval(2)
Protection rating Up to IP66 Up to IP66 or intrinsically safe on request or intrinsically safe on request
Accuracy Class 1 or 2 according to EN 13190 Class 1 or 2 according to EN 13190 Accuracy Class A according to IEC 751/ NF EN 60751 Class 1 according to IEC 584 / NF EN 60584
(1) (1)
Only standard data are exposed on this page. Other designs are available on request. Only standard data are exposed on this page. Other designs are available on request.
(2)
For more details, see information on ATEX on page 81.
40 41
CHOICE CUSTOM
OF PROBE ASSEMBLY
TEMPERATURE RANGES
BUILD YOUR SENSOR ACCORDING TO YOUR NEEDS
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ┃ CUSTOM ASSEMBLY

RTD TEMPERATURE PROBE TEMPERATURE RANGE
Pt 100 Ω / Pt 1000 Ω -200 °C to +600 °C
DISPLAY
THERMOCOUPLE PROBE TYPE TEMPERATURE RANGE
Display
Cu - CuNi T -200 °C to +350 °C
Fe - CuNi J -40 °C to +750 °C
NiCr - CuNi E -200 °C to +900 °C
CONNECTION
NiCr - NiAl K -200 °C to +1200 °C
NiCrSi - NiSi N -200 °C to +1200 °C

Transmitter Terminal block Board / bare wire
PtRh13% - Pt R 0 °C to +1600 °C
PtRh10% - Pt S 0 °C to +1600 °C
PtRh6% - PtRh30% B +100 °C to +1600 °C
OPERATING TEMPERATURE LIMITS

Heads, cables and stems have operating temperature limits depending on the materials used. These temperatures are given as
HEAD
an indication. The environment can modify these characteristics.
HEAD CABLE STEM

BUSH DAN DIN B ADF
MATERIAL Limit T (1)
MATERIAL Limit T (1)
MATERIAL Limit T (2) head head head head
PVC 100 °C PVC 100 °C SS316 1000°C
MEASURING ELEMENT
Polypropylene 160 °C Teflon / silicone 180 °C Inconel 600 1200 °C
Epoxy coated Teflon 250 °C
400 °C
aluminium
Glass silk 450 °C RTD Thermocouple
Stainless steel 1000 °C probe probe
(1)
Temperature considered without electronics (transmitter) in the head. Temperature transmitter should not exceed 85 °C.
(2)
Maximum temperature; the characteristics of the wires in the stem, their mounting (presence of protection, insulation) and the characteristics of
the environment should also be considered.
RESPONSE TIME
The response time indicates the time it takes for the probe to react to a change in temperature; it quantifies the speed of
the probe. We consider the response time as the time required (in seconds) to go from the initial temperature to 63 % of the final
EXTENSION
temperature. Here we show the response times of the most common thermocouple probes with hot weld isolated.
DIAMETER 0.5 mm 1 mm 1.5 mm 2 mm 3 mm 4.5 mm 6 mm 8 mm
RESPONSE TIME 0.3 s 0.4 s 0.6 s 0.9 s 1.5 s 2s 4s 7s
Union Connection Sliding

Nipple / nut
fitting / nipple pipe connection
RESISTANCE THERMOMETER / THERMOCOUPLE COMPARISON
PROBE BENEFITS DRAWBACKS
• Very good stability • Longer response time

RTD probe • High precision • Limited in temperature
THERMOWELL
• Excellent repeatability of the measurement • Self-heating
• Fast response time • Less stable

Thermocouple probe • High and very high temperature • Lower repeatability of the measurement
operation • Less sensible
Flanged Screw-in
thermowell thermowell
42 43
PYROMETRIC ROD TRANSMITTER
For high temperature applications To convert the measured physical value into a standardized
output signal
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
This set is composed of a measuring element, an insulating lining (often a ceramic sheath) OPERATING PRINCIPLE
and an outer mechanical protection sheath. A pyrometric rod is fitted with electrical connection The electrical input connections (resistance probe or thermocouple) are
devices and mechanical fixings. These sets are intended for high and very high temperature made on the transmitter. It converts the temperature value and delivers a
applications. The thermocouples are made in a cladded assembly with mineral insulation standardized output signal suitable for industrial control applications.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ┃ TRANSMITTER

or in a beaded assembly with ceramic insulation. The protective sheaths can be metallic or
ceramic.
GENERAL DATA(1)
- Standards: IEC 61326 / NF EN 61326 (CEM)
GENERAL DATA
- Mounting: probe head or DIN rail
- See thermocouple datasheet page 41 - 4-20 mA or 0-10 V type standardized output signal
- Fixed input (resistance probe or thermocouple)
or configurable universal input
EXAMPLE OF CONNECTION TO TRANSMITTER

MULTIPOINT SENSOR
For precise multi-temperature measurement
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
A multipoint column is formed by the assembly of several sensors of different lengths,
designed to give precise and rapid temperature measurements at predetermined levels
in vessels (tank, separator, column, reactor) or furnaces. They measure a temperature ( )
profile and detect hot spots. This system has the advantage of being compact and
relatively easy to assemble.
(+)
GENERAL DATA
Pt 100 Ω – 1 x 3 wires Pt 100 Ω – 1 x 4 wires Simple thermocouple
- See RTD and thermocouple probes datasheets page 41
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS(1) Programmable via PC, HART communication
Pyrometric rod Multipoint sensor Sealing Up to IP66
Thermocouple probe made in a cladded Measuring scale -200 °C to +1600 °C depending on the probe
assembly with mineral insulation or Thermocouple probe Supply voltage 8 – 30 Vcc
Measuring scale
in a beaded assembly with ceramic or RTD probe Electrical approval (2)
ATEX explosion-proof or intrinsically safe on request
insulation
Resistance probe ≤ 0.1 % of the measuring range
Protective sheath Metallic or ceramic Special pipe if necessary Accuracy or ≤ 0.5 °C whichever is greater
Useful length Up to 2 m Different lengths of sensors Thermocouple: 0.5 °C to 5 °C depending on the temperature range
Number of measuring points 1 Up to 40 Galvanic isolation 1.5 kVac
Electrical connection (2)
Standard or ATEX compliant connection head Safety SIL2(3)
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
For more details, see information on ATEX on page 81. For more details, see information on ATEX on page 81.
(3)
SIL (Safety Integrity Level) certification reflects the operating safety level of measuring instruments according to IEC 61508 / NF EN 61508 standards.
44 45
THERMOWELL TUBULAR
MACHINED FROM SOLID THERMOWELL
For severe process conditions (high temperature, pressure or high flow) For standard applications with no significant constraint
GENERAL DATA(1)
GENERAL DATA (1)
- Material:
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ┃ THERMOWELL

- Material: o Standard: SS 304L / 316L
o Standard: SS 316L o Others: according to your application
o Others: according to your application - All types of fluids in contact
- All types of fluids in contact - Coating possible for corrosive fluids
- Coating possible for corrosive fluids
- Standard shape (straight or conical) or helical
shape (reduction of vibratory stresses)
T U
T U
T U
T U
T U
T U
T, extension length
U, insertion length under thread
T, extension length
U, insertion length under thread
Instrumentation
NPT thread or other on request
connection
Threaded, flanged (sealing weld, full penetration weld
Process connection
or machined from barstock), welded, clamp Instrumentation
NPT thread or other on request
Thermowell shape Straight or conical, with or without restriction or helical connection
Immersion length According to customer specifications Process connection Threaded, flanged, welded, clamp
Inside and Immersion length According to customer specifications
According to the application
outside diameter Inside and
According to the application
Maximum process pressure Depending on the execution of the thermowell (size, material, flange rating) outside diameter
and temperature and process conditions (flow rate, fluid velocity) Maximum process pressure According to the thermowell design (size, material, flange rating)
Stress calculation According to ASME PTC 19.3 TW recommended for critical applications and temperature and process conditions (flow rate, fluid velocity)
(1)
(1)
46 47
page
Flow
conditioner
page
Flanges
page
Condensation
pot
page
Manifold
page
Pressure
transmitter
page
Flow
indicator
page
Spectacle
blind
48 49
FLOW CONDENSATION POT
CONDITIONER For steam applications, protective element allowing the fluid
to condense upstream of the pressure transmitter
To stabilize a flow in a pipeline upstream
of a measuring element
GENERAL DATA(1)
19-tube bundle
straightener - Material:
GENERAL DATA(1) o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
- Standards: ISO 5167, ASME MFC-3M o Others: according to your application
- Fluid: liquid, gas, steam - Calculated according to B31.1 construction code
ACCESSORIES ┃ CONDENSATION POT / MANIFOLD

- Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection - Compliance with the pressure equipement directive PED
- To reduce upstream straight lengths for flow 2014/68/UE on request
measurement - To be positioned between the pressure taps (horizontal
Condensation pot
- To be positioned downstream of any piping accessory, outlet recommended) and the pressure transmitter – see with piping elements
respecting the distances between the accessory and assembly instructions page 79
the conditioner and between the conditioner and the
primary element specified in the standard
- Different types: tube bundle, AMCA or star flow
straightener(2), Nova, Sprenkle or Zanker conditioner(3) SPRENKLE
conditioner
NEL Weld-in
conditioner condensate pot
FLANGES MANIFOLD
To connect several pieces of piping; easy assembly and disassembly Instrumentation accessories for setting and
commissioning the measuring device
GENERAL DATA(1)
- Standards: ASME B16.5, B16.36, B16.47, MSS SP-44, API6B SW flange GENERAL DATA(1)
o Corresponding flanges: welding neck, orifice welding
- Material:
neck, slip on, socket welding, blind
o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
o Operating pressure: ASME 150# to 2500# or API
o Others: according to your application
200 PSI to 20 000 PSI
- 2, 3 or 5-way
- Standards: NF EN 1092-1, NF EN 1759-1
- To isolate the transmitter in case of intervention on the pipe
o Corresponding flanges: welding flat flange
- To reset the zero of the transmitter or purge the pressure
(type 01), blind flange (type 05), welding neck 2-way
WN flange taps (5-way manifold)
flange (type 11)… manifold
- Transmitter interface according to EN 615188
o Operating pressure: ISO PN 2.5 to 420
- All face designs: RF, RTJ, with groove/tongue face, other
types of flange facings according to your application
- Diameter ND ¼’’ to 24’’ – up to 60’’ on request
- Material:
o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel, duplex
o Others: according to your application
- Thickness to be defined
- Schedule: 5 to XXS Orifice
WN flange
3-way 3-way direct 5-way direct mount

manifold mount manifold manifold
(1)
Only standard data are exposed on this page. Other designs are available on request.
(2)
A flow straightener is a device that considerably reduces disturbances.
(3)
A conditioner is a device which reduces disturbances and which allows a satisfactory redistribution of the velocity profile
(1)
over the whole section of the pipe. Only standard data are exposed on this page. Other designs are available on request.
50 51
PRESSURE FLOW INDICATOR
TRANSMITTER To visualize the flow passage in a pipe
To convert the pressure measurement into an output signal

GENERAL DATA(1)
OPERATING PRINCIPLE - Weld-end (BW) or flanged connection
A differential pressure sensor is a device that accurately measures - Material:
a differential pressure (ΔP = upstream pressure - downstream pressure) o Standard: carbon steel, stainless steel
ACCESSORIES ┃ FLOW INDICATOR / SPECTACLE BLIND

and converts it into a 4-20 mA output signal.The flow is calculated o Others: according to your application
with the following formula: - Fluid: liquid, gas, steam
Differential
pressure
- Diameter: according to the nominal diameter of the pipe
mass flow in kg/s transmitter
constant Flanged flow indicator
differential pressure in bar
density of the fluid in kg/m3
The density ρ of an incompressible fluid is constant at a given temperature (liquids can be considered as incompressible). The
Weld-on fin
density ρ of a compressible fluid (gas) varies according to its pressure and its temperature. Thus, the choice of transmitter will flow indicator
be as follows:
LIQUID GAS
CONSTANT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE VARIABLE TEMPERATURE
SPECTACLE BLIND
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE AND PRESSURE
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TRANSMITTER

MULTIVARIABLE TRANSMITTER
allows to correct* the pressure and (& SPADE OR SPACER)
temperature variations of the gas when To isolate a piping section or a specific equipment
coupled to a temperature sensor
*This correction can also be obtained with a differential pressure transmitter, a temperature sensor, a pressure transmitter and a calculator
GENERAL DATA(1)
- Standard: ASME B16.48
- Mounting between flanges:
The pressure transmitter can be placed in a closed insulating The housing is also available in a simple sun
o ISO PN 2.5 to 420
or temperature controlled housing. In a critical environment protection version to protect the accessories from RTJ female
o ASME 150# to 2500#
(temperature, humidity, etc.), the housing protects direct sunlight. spectacle blind
- Diameter: according to the nominal diameter of the
instrumentation accessories.
flange – see page 50
- Operating pressure : limited by the flange rating –
see page 50
Instrumentation - All face designs: RF, RTJ, with groove/tongue face
case with differential
pressure transmitters
and calculator
Sun protection
for transmitter
Tongue face
spectacle blind
RTJ male spacer
Special case of assembly with 2 transmitters: rangeability(1)

increased from 1/6 to 1/36. Thus, the measurement
uncertainty remains low over a range from 2 % to 100 % of
the max flow rate.
(1) (1)
For more details, see «Technical information» section on page 80. Only standard data are exposed on this page. Other designs are available on request.
52 53
Applicable page General page
construction codes information on
and standards orifice plates
page Straight lengths requirements page

Materials for flow measurement
according to ISO 5167
page Circularity and roughness page

Welding requirements values
page Transmitter page

Dimensional assembly according
control to applications
Non-destructive page Special application page

test and product Rangeability or turndown
inspection ratio up to 1 : 36
page page
Cleaning and Electrical environment
surface treatment protection modes / Atex
54 55
1. APPLICABLE CONSTRUCTION 2. MATERIALS
CODES AND STANDARDS
All our devices are designed and manufactured to meet current international standard requirements.
Fluid flow measurement standards by means of pressure differential devices SPECIAL APPLICATION
ISO 5167-1, general principles and requirements
ISO 5167-2, orifice plates
REQUIREMENTS
ISO 5167-3, nozzles and venturi nozzles
ISO 5167
ISO 5167-4, venturi tubes
Depending on your application, we are able to
ISO 5167-5, cone meters source materials that can meet very specific
ISO 5167-6, wedge meters requirements:
ISO/TR 15377 Specification of orifice plates, nozzles and venturi tubes beyond the scope of ISO 5167 - Material qualified by bodies such as TÜV, Lloyd’s Register, ABS, BV, DNV, CCS.
ASME MFC-3M Measurement of fluid flow using orifice plates, nozzles and venturi tubes - Material according to NORSOK or NACE standards (NACE 0175 / ISO 15156 for materials in contact with
hydrogen sulfide H2S or NACE MR 103 / ISO 17945 for those used in a corrosive environment).
ASME MFC-12M Measurement of fluid flow using multiport averaging pitot primary elements
- Material whose mechanical properties have been verified by tensile tests (ambient or high temperature),
ASME MFC-14M Measurement of fluid flow using small bore precision orifice meters impact tests (specific temperature) or a US control of the material.
ISO 9300 Measurement of gas flow by means of critical flow venturi nozzles (sonic nozzle)
ISO/TR 11583 Measurement of wet gas flow by means of pressure differential devices
ASME PTC 19.5 Performance test code for flow measurement TRACEABILITY: INSPECTION DOCUMENTS
ASME PTC 6 Performance test code for steam turbine (PTC 6 nozzle)
Material inspection certification comply with NF EN 10204 standard.
There are several types of inspection documents:
Depending on customer requirements, different construction codes may be applicable to design, manufacture, inspect Inspection documents Document contents Document approved by
and test our parts. Certificate of conformity Declaration of conformity
Type 2.1 Manufacturer
Construction codes with the order with the order
CODETI div.1 Industrial piping Declaration of conformity
with the order including
CODETI div.2 Transport pipelines Type 2.2 Test report Manufacturer
information related to non
CODETI div.3 Penstocks specific inspections
CODAP Unfired pressure vessels The manufacturer’s authorised inspection
ASME B31.1 Pipelines in an industrial environment related to the energy sector (power piping) Type 3.1 Material certificate 3.1 representative, independant from
Declaration of conformity manufacturing.
ASME B31.3 Pipelines for all types of industrial processes (process piping) with the order including
information related to The manufacturer’s authorised inspection
ASME BPVC Boiler & pressure vessel code and equipment for nuclear power plants (nuclear power piping)
specific inspections representative, independant from
EN 13480 Metallic industrial piping, pressure equipment Type 3.2 Material certificate 3.2
manufacturing and an independent third
EN 13445 Unfired pressure equipment party
RCC-M Mechanical equipment for nuclear islands of pressurized water reactors
RCC-MRx
Mechanical equipment for high temperature structures and for experimental and fusion SPECIFIC COATING
reactors
For particularly aggressive fluids that could alter our FLUID COATING PRODUCT
products, Deltafluid suggests applying a specific
Because our devices are pressurised equipment, when installed in Europe, they must comply to the coating to the material in contact with the fluid. Thus, Abrasive Stellite
the product with this particular coating offers better Resistant
European directive PED 2014/68/EU related to the marketing of pressure equipment in Europe. The
corresponding certificates are delivered with the technical documentation. resistance to abrasive, corrosive and / or adherent PTFE, Inconel , ®
Increased life
fluids. This is a cost-saving solution: the product Corrosive Super duplex, time
is made with a standard material but the coating Stellite Low
increases its lifetime. maintenance
Additional decrees are completing or replacing this directive in case of specific applications: Adherent PTFE
- ESPN Decree of December 30, 2015 related to nuclear pressure equipment,
- «Multifluid» decree of December 15, 2016 related to the safety of gas, hydrocarbon or chemical transport pipelines,
- Decree of March 15, 2000 related to pressure equipment control operations. Examples :
- Stellite coating on the edge of an orifice plate
- Inconel® coating of the external surface of a thermowell in contact with a corrosive fluid
- PTFE coating (teflon) on the internal surface of a venturi tube
56 57
2. Materials
316L stainless steel is the most common material used in our applications. This is the reason why all of our We insure traceability
equipment that may come in contact with the fluid is manufactured in SS 316L as a standard. However, we offer of all our raw materials:
a wide range of complementary materials* adapted to your needs: carbon steel, stainless steel, duplex, super- we can provide inspection
duplex, hastelloy®, inconel®, soft iron, bronze, cupro-nickel, aluminum, titanium, ceramic, plastic, fiberglass… documents type 2.1, 2.2,
*non-exhaustive list 3.1 or 3.2 according to NF
EN 10204 standard (see
inspection documents on
page 57).
DENOMINATION
TYPE W.N° AMERICAN EUROPEAN USUAL NAME REMARKS
ROUND TUBE SHEET METAL

1.0402 A 29 SAE 1020 A 830 SAE 1020 C22 Standard structural steel
1.0037 SAE 1009 S235 Standard structural steel
1.0045 A 29 SAE 1518 S355 C-Mn structural steel
1.0305 - A/SA 106 gr.A - P235GH TC1 Steel for pressure vessels
1.0345 - - - P235GH Steel for pressure vessels
1.0405 - A/SA 106 gr.B - P265GH TC1 Steel for pressure vessels
NON-ALLOY
STEELS 1.0425 A/SA 105 - - P265GH Steel for pressure vessels
1.0488 - - A/SA 516 gr.60 P275NL1 Fine grain steel (higher resilience)
1.0488 A/SA 350 LF2 - - P295GH Steel for pressure vessels
1.0481 - A/SA 106 gr.C - P295GH Steel for pressure vessels
10566 - - A/SA 516 gr.70 P355NL1 Fine grain steel (higher resilience)
1.0457 - A/SA 333 gr.6 - L245NB Steel for low temperature pressure vessels
1.0562 A 694 F52 API 5L X52 P355N Steel for pressure vessels - fine grain (higher resilience)
1.0582 API 5L X52 L360NB Fine grain steel (higher resilience)
1.8902 A 694 F50 API 5L X60 P420N Steel for pressure vessels - fine grain (higher resilience)
1.8972 API 5L X60 L415NB Fine grain steel (higher resilience)

1.5415 A/SA 182 F1 A/SA 335 P1 A/SA 204 Gr.B 16Mo3 Steel with high temperature characteristic
1.7218 - - - 25CrMo4 AISI 4130 / 25 CD 4 Steel for mechanical construction suitable for hardening (good toughness) - Threaded rods
1.7225 - - - 42CrMo4 AISI 4140 / B7 Steel for mechanical construction suitable for hardening (good toughness) - Threaded rods
1.7335 A/SA 182 F11 A/SA 335 P11 A/SA 387 gr.11 13CrMo4-5 Steel with high temperature characteristic
LOW ALLOY Mo 1.7335 A/SA 182 F12 A/SA 335 P12 A/SA 387 gr.12 13CrMo4-5 Steel with high temperature characteristic
AND Cr-Mo STEELS
1.4903 A/SA 182 F91 A/SA 335 P91 A/SA 387 gr.91 X10CrMoVNb9-1 Steel with high temperature characteristic and high chromium content - Oil / gas market
1.4901 A 182 F92 A 335 P92 - X10CrWMoVNb9-2 Steel with high temperature characteristic and high chromium content - Oil / gas market
1.7386 A/SA 182 F9 A/SA 335 P9 A/SA 387 gr.9 X11CrMo9-1 Steel with high temperature characteristic and high chromium content
58 59
2. Materials
DENOMINATION
TYPE W.N° AMERICAN EUROPEAN USUAL NAME REMARKS
Austenitic stainless steel with Ni ≥ 2.5 % but without molybdenum

1.4301 A/SA 182 F304 A/SA 335 P1 A/SA 240 304 X5CrNi18-10 304
Excellent ductility (suitable for low temperature applications)

1.4306 A/SA 182 F304L A/SA 312 TP304L A/SA 240 304L X2CrNi19-11 304L Low carbon therefore less sensitive to corrosion than its 304 equivalent

1.4307 A/SA 182 F304L A/SA 312 TP304L A/SA 240 304L X2CrNi18-9 304L Low carbon therefore less sensitive to corrosion than its 304 equivalent
Austenitic stainless steel with Ni ≥ 2.5 % + molybdenum

1.4401 A/SA 182 F316 A/SA 312 TP316 A/SA 240 316 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 316
Austenitic stainless steel with Ni ≥ 2.5 % + molybdenum

1.4404 A/SA 182 F316L A/SA 312 TP316L A/SA 240 316L X2CrNiMo17-12-2 316L Low carbon therefore less sensitive to corrosion than its 316 equivalent
AUSTENITIC AND
DUPLEX STAINLESS Austenitic stainless steel with added titanium
STEELS 1.4541 A/SA 182 F321 A/SA 312 TP321 A/SA 240 321 X6CrNiTi18-10 321
Excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion and oxidation up to 800 °C
Austenitic stainless steel with added titanium

1.4571 A/SA 182 F316Ti A/SA 312 TP316Ti A/SA 240 316Ti X6 CrNiMoTi17-12-2 316Ti
Excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion and oxidation up to 870 °C
Austenitic stainless steel (high nickel, chromium and molybdenum content)

1.4539 A/SA 182 F904L A/SA 312 TP904L A/SA 240 904L X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 904L / Uranus® B6
Resistant to corrosion in contact with sulfuric and phosphoric acid
Austeno-ferritic stainless steel

1.4410 A/SA 182 F53 A/SA 790 S32750 A/SA 240 S32750 X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 Super duplex F53 / Uranus® 2507 More resistant but less ductile than conventional austenitic stainless steel
Resistant to intergranular corrosion as well as corrosion in seawater

1.4462 A/SA 182 F51 A/SA 790 S31803 A/SA 240 S31803 X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 Duplex F51 / Uranus® 2205 More resistant but less ductile than conventional austenitic stainless steel
Resistant to intergranular corrosion as well as corrosion in seawater

1.4462 A/SA 182 F60 A/SA 790 S32205 A/SA 240 S32205 X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 Duplex F60 / Uranus® 2205 More resistant but less ductile than conventional austenitic stainless steel
Resistant to intergranular corrosion
Austenitic stainless steel with Ni ≥ 2.5 %

1.4828 A/SA 479 309S A/SA 312 TP309S A/SA 240 309S X15 CrNiSi20-12 309S
HEAT-RESISTANT Good resistance to hot oxidation up to 1000 °C and good creep resistance up to 850 °C
STAINLESS STEELS
Austenitic stainless steel with Ni ≥ 2.5 %
1.4845 A/SA 479 310S A/SA 312 TP310S A/SA 240 310S X8CrNi25-21 310S Insensitive to high temperature embrittlement under low cyclic conditions
Frequent use for furnaces and boilers

Similar to C 276 with more versatile corrosion resistance
Frequent use in chemical treatment plant and paper converting
2.4602 B 574 N06022 B 622 N06022 B 575 N06022 NiCr21Mo14W Alloy C22
(resistant to pitting, intergranular and stress corrosion)
Resistant to wet chlorine gas, chlorine oxide and hypochlorite solutions
Frequent use in chemical processing plants and pulp production

2.4819 B/SB 574 N10276 B/SB 622 N10276 B/SB 575 N10276 NiMo16Cr15W Alloy C276 (resistant to pitting, intergranular and stress corrosion)
Resistant to wet chlorine gas, chlorine oxide and hypochlorite solutions
Retains its mechanical properties up to 400/500 °C

Insensitive to stress corrosion cracking induced by chloride ions
2.4360 B/SB 164 N04400 B/SB 165 N04400 B/SB 127 N04400 NiCu30Fe Alloy 400
(can work in contact with sea water)
NICKEL BASE
Authorized use in pressure vessels up to 425 °C
ALLOYS
(CORROSION AND Retains its mechanical properties at high temperature
HEAT RESISTANT) Used for the construction of industrial furnaces, and when high temperature
2.4816 B/SB 166 N06600 B/SB 167 N06600 B/SB 168 N06600 NiCr15Fe Alloy 600
gases contain elements of the halogen family
Used in wet corrosion conditions
Resistant to corrosion in contact with sulfuric and phosphoric acid

2.4856 B/SB 446 N06625 B/SB 444 N06625 B/SB 443 N06625 NiCr22Mo9Nb Alloy 625 Retains its mechanical properties at high temperature
Frequent use in marine environment (resistant to pitting, intergranular and stress corrosion)
Resistant to hot oxidation and good creep resistance

1.4876 B/SB 408 N08800 B/SB 163 N08800 B/SB 409 N08800 X10NiCrAlTi32-20 Alloy 800
Used in the construction of industrial furnaces, carbonization plants, steam boilers and heat exchangers
Resistant to corrosion in contact with sulfuric and phosphoric acid, and treatment of nuclear waste
2.4858 B/SB 425 N08825 B/SB 163 N08825 B/SB 424 N08825 NiCR21Mo Alloy 825
Authorized use in pressure vessels up to 425 °C
60 61
European standards for arc welding
QUALITY REQUIREMENTS STANDARDS

CEN ISO/TR 15608,
Materials Groups
20172, 20173
QS (WPQ) EN ISO 9606
DMOS (WPS) EN ISO 15609
QMOS (PQR) EN ISO 15614
NDT - staff qualification EN ISO 9712

Preheating temp. measurement, temp. between
EN ISO 13916
WELDING
DURING
passes
Welding recommendations EN 1011, ISO/TR 17671 ACCEPTANCE LEVEL
INSPECTION & CONTROL

NDT - General rules EN ISO 17635
Visual control EN ISO 17637 EN ISO 5817
AFTER WELDING
X-ray EN ISO 17636 EN ISO 10675
Ultrasonic EN ISO 17640, 10863, EN ISO 11666, 15626,

22825 22825, 23279
Magnetic particle EN ISO 17638 EN ISO 23278
Macro and microscopic EN ISO 17639 EN ISO 5817

3. WELDING Dye-penetrant EN ISO 3452 EN ISO 23277
Heat treatment associated with welding EN ISO 17663
For a steel welded assembly, all documents requested for the welding record book are supplied Impact bending EN ISO 9016
to the customer in accordance with the requirements of the applicable code:
Longitudinal tensile EN ISO 5178
Transverse tensile EN ISO 4136

DRAWING
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Cross tensile EN ISO 9018
WELDING MARKS AND DESCRIPTIONS
Bending EN ISO 5173
Texture EN ISO 9017

PQR WPS WPQ
Hardness EN ISO 9015
PQR (PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION WPS (WELDING PROCEDURE WPQ (WELDERS PERFORMANCE Macro and mircoscopic EN ISO 17639
RECORD) ACCORDING TO ASME IX SPECIFICATION) ACCORDING TO QUALIFICATION) ACCORDING TO
OR QMOS (QUALIFICATION DU ASME IX OR DMOS (DESCRIPTIF DU ASME IX OR QS (QUALIFICATION Hot cracking EN ISO 17641
MODE OPERATOIRE DE SOUDURE) MODE OPÉRATOIRE DE SOUDURE) SOUDEUR) ACCORDING TO EN
ACCORDING TO NF EN ISO 15614-1 ACCORDING TO NF EN ISO 15609-1 ISO 9606-1
Cold cracking EN ISO 17642
Delta ferrite EN ISO 17655
Grouping all welding data used to weld Each assembly configuration and The welder’s qualification must Process numbering EN ISO 4063
a qualified assembly as well as the corresponding welding process are correspond to the variables given for
mechanical test results corresponding precisely described and provide each welding process used and each
Tolerances EN ISO 13920
to each welding process used. instructions for performing welds. type of weld.
Welding positions EN ISO 6947
62 63
4. DIMENSIONAL CONTROL
General tolerances for welded constructions according to ISO 13920
Linear dimensions
At the end of the manufacturing processes, all
NOMINAL DIMENSIONS l (in mm)
our parts are systematically visually and
dimensionally inspected in accordance with
2 > 30 > 120 > 400 > 1000 > 2000 > 4000 > 8000 > 12000 > 16000 > 20000
the approved drawings. Our control devices are Accuracy to 30 to 120 to 400 to 1000 to 2000 to 4000 to 8000 to 12000 to 16000 to 20000
periodically checked by a metrology laboratory. class
Tolerances t (in mm)
In addition to the standard testing devices, we have
the following items: ±1 ±1 ±2 ±3 ±4 ±5 ±6 ±7 ±8 ±9
A
- MITUTOYO measuring column,
- MAHR roughness meter, B ±2 ±2 ±3 ±4 ±6 ±8 ± 10 ± 12 ± 14 ± 16
±1
- FARO 3D measuring arm,
C ±3 ±4 ±6 ±8 ± 11 ± 14 ± 18 ± 21 ± 24 ± 27
- MAHR Marsurf CD120 profilometer,
- ZEISS DuraMax measuring machine, D ±4 ±7 ±9 ± 12 ± 16 ± 21 ± 27 ± 32 ± 36 ± 40
- MITUTOYO profile projector.
The dimensional and geometric aspects of our
parts meet the corresponding tolerance standards. Angular dimensions
NOMINAL DIMENSIONS l (in mm) NOMINAL DIMENSIONS l (in mm)
Shortest side length Shortest side length
< 400 > 400 > 1000 < 400 > 400 > 1000
General tolerances (machining) Accuracy to 1000 Classe de to 1000
class tolérance
Tolerances Δα (in degrees and minutes) Calculated and rounded tolerances t (in mm/m)1
Broken angles Angular dimensions A ± 20’ ± 15’ ± 10’ A ±6 ± 4.5 ±3

LINEAR DIMENSIONS (mm)
Radius - Bevels Dimension of the shortest side B ± 45’ ± 30’ ± 20’ B ± 13 ±9 ±6
Accuracy 0.5 to 3 3 6 30 120 0.5 to 3 3 10 to 50 50 to 120 to C ± 1° ± 45’ ± 30’ C ± 18 ± 13 ±9

>6 < 10
class inclusive to 6 to 30 to 120 to 400 inclusive to 6 inclusive 120 400
D ± 1°30’ ± 1°15’ ± 1° D ± 26 ± 22 ± 18
f (thin) ± 0.05 ± 0.05 ± 0.1 ± 0.15 ± 0.2 ± 0.2 ± 0.5 ±1

(1)
The value indicated in millimeters per meter corresponds to the tangent value of the general tolerance. It should be multiplied by the length, in meters, of the shortest side.
± 1° ± 30’ ± 20’ ± 10’
m (medium) ± 0.1 ± 0.1 ± 0.2 ± 0.30 ± 0.5 ± 0.2 ± 0.5 ±1
c (wide) ± 0.2 ± 0.3 ± 0.5 ± 0.80 ± 1.2 ± 0.4 ±1 ±2 ± 1°30’ ± 1° ± 30’ ± 15’
v (very wide) - ± 0.5 ±1 ± 1.5 ± 2.5 ± 0.4 ±1 ±2 ± 3° ± 2° ± 1° ± 30’
t
GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES (mm)
Radial l
Tolerances
Axis
300 300 300

Accuracy < 10 10 30 100 to < 100 100 to < 100 100 to All dimensions
class to 30 to 100 to 300 1000 to 300 1000 to 300 1000
H (thin) 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1
Δα
K (medium) 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.2
α
L (wide) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.6 1 1.5 0.6 1 1.5 0.5
Reference point
64 65
While some of these controls are imposed by construction codes or regulatory requirements, we are also able to take into
5. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING account the specific requirements of our customers. To serve this purpose, we have:
- examination procedures validated by Cofrend level 3 certified staff according to EN ISO 9712 or ASNT-TC-1A level 3,
AND PRODUCT INSPECTION - Cofrend level 2 certified examiners according to EN ISO 9712 or ASNT -TC-1A level 2,
- the main construction codes specifying the examination methods and applicable acceptance criteria (ASME V, ASME
VIII, ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, CODAP / CODETI, NF EN 13480 / NF EN 13445, RCC-M, RCC-MRx, etc.).
For this intent, the main control techniques we are

Non-Destructive Testing or NDT brings
proposing are: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROSTATIC TEST
together all the processes and techniques that - Visual Testing - VT, MATERIALS / CHECKING The hydrostatic test verifies the structural integrity of
provide information on the integrity and - Penetrant Testing - PT, pressure equipment, by pressurizing a fluid at a given
health of a material or part without damaging - Radiographic Testing - RT, THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH pressure for a defined period of time.
it. It is for materials what medical imaging is for - Ultrasonic Testing - UT, OF THE PARTS A visual examination before, during and after the test en-
the human body. - Leak tightness Testing - LT, sures that the equipment does not allow any leak and does
PMI TEST (Positive Identification of Materials)
NDT (applied to forged, rolled, cast and - PMI / Ferrite rate, not deform under stress.
This test method enables to:
welded parts) highlights all the defects that - Hydrostatic test. Our pressure gauges are class 0.5 and the tests can be
- identify and analyze the composition of a metal or alloy:
might alter the availability, safety of use and / the respective proportions of the main chemical elements carried out using water or air, up to test pressures of 3000
or more generally the conformity of a part for (Mn, P, Si, Cr, Ni, Al, Mo, Cu, Cb, V, Ti, Co, Sn, W, etc.) bars.
its intended use. are measured and compared to a materials database to
define the material grade of the controlled part,
Two types of defects are searched: - confirm the grade of the material used (traceability with
- surface defects such as cracks, holes, splits, the material certificate).
pittings… It can be carried out very quickly on any metal part or weld
- internal defects such as porosities, blisters, without damaging the part.
inclusions, blind cracks, variations in Standard: ASTM A 751.
thickness due to wear or corrosion…
FERRITE RATE
Additional checks verifying the chemical nature Controlling the ferrite index of an austenitic and duplex
of the materials used and the mechanical stainless steel weld allows to control the risk of hot
strength of the parts may also help. cracking, the risk of high temperature embrittlement, low
temperature mechanical properties or to confirm corrosion
resistance.
Standard: NF EN ISO 8249.
NDT TABLE AND DETAILS

Method Defects highlighted advantages Limits Examination stage Standards / Qualification(2)
Emerging discontinuities
CALIBRATION
Visual Can only detect surface NF EN 13018, NF EN 13927,
(splits, scratches, porosities, Economical, fast All stages
Testing - VT defects of significant size ASME Section V article 9
cracks, etc.)
Emerging discontinuities For specific applications, we can have our devices calibrated by an
Dye-penetrant Reliable detection of small Can only detect emerging Weld beads (intermediate or final) NF EN ISO 3452-1 to NF EN ISO 3452-4,
(splits, cracks, porosities, approved laboratory (COFRAC, ISO 17025, etc.). This calibration
(PT)(1) surface defects discontinuities or machined parts NF EN ISO 23277, ASME Section V article 6
pittings, etc.) can be carried out using different fluids (water, air, hydrocarbon) to
be as close as possible to the customer process. It ensures optimum
X-ray or gamma Significant cost linked to
Cavities or foreign materials Detection of all types of NF EN ISO 5579, NF EN ISO 17636-1, measurement accuracy.
radiography controlled thicknesses, Weld beads
included in the part internal defects ASME section V article 2
(RT) complexity of implementation
Deep defect in the material CUSTOMER INSPECTION OR

resulting in a discontinuity of Detection of all types of
Significant cost for single Raw material, weld beads and NF EN ISO 16810, NF EN ISO 16827, INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTY INSPECTION
Ultrasonic (US) the mechanical properties internal defects, not limited to
parts machined parts NF EN 17640, ASME section V article 5
(crack, inclusion, porosity, metallic materials All of the control steps and tests can be validated by a third party or
etc.)
directly by the customer.
Detection of defects passing
Leak Leak tightness defect which Can only detect passing NF EN 13625, NF EN ISO 20485,
through the material, even Finished parts
tightness (LT) allows a leak through defects NF EN 1593, ASME section V article 10
very small
(1)
Products used for this test comply with PMUC (Products and Materials Used in Nuclear Power Plant) requirements for nuclear applications.
(2)
The inspectors undergo an annual assessment of their visual acuity according to NF EN ISO 18490 as operators certified COFREND level 2
according to EN ISO 9712.
66 67
6. CLEANING
AND SURFACE TREATMENT PROTECTION
AND COATING
Depending on customer specifications, parts can be painted or
coated with a special coating to withstand local climatic conditions
and all risks of external aggression.
CLEANING
Depending on your needs, we are able to offer our customers the following parts cleaning services.
DEGREASING PICKLING / PASSIVATING SHOT BLASTING /

SANDBLASTING
The thin film of chromium

Several cleaning levels are
oxide, present over the entire
carried out, from the simplest
surface of stainless steel and
to the most demanding:
which enables its resistance
- clean and dry,
to corrosion, can be damaged
- for cryogenic application, This operation consists in
as a result of welding or
- for Oxygen service. mechanically cleaning the
machining operations.
parts either to improve their
appearance or to make the
surface condition compatible
Pickling is used to completely with the grip of a subsequent
The contamination type,
remove oxides and expose treatment (painting for
location and degree of
stainless steel; the passivation example).
the parts to be treated are
process is then carried out to
evaluated in order to choose
recreate a protective layer of
the most appropriate cleaning
sufficient and homogeneous
agent, cleaning, inspection
thickness which provides
and control procedures.
protection against corrosion.
The ACQPA, Association for the Certification and Qualification in Anticorrosion Painting, certifies
anticorrosion paint systems intended for the protection of metal structures corresponding to the
«high durability» class of standard NF EN ISO 12944-1. The certification is focusing on:
- the protection against corrosion of paint systems applied to metal structures,
- the stability of appearance and color against UV radiation (for parts of structures exposed to natural
light).
The certification class corresponds to the ability of the The paint system is therefore selected taking into
paint system to withstand the environment to which consideration the external environment but also the
it is exposed according to standard NF EN ISO 12944-2: temperature of the fluid as well as the material of the part to
for an atmospheric environment, from a very low corrosivity be protected. Depending on the system, the topcoat can be
classified C1 to a very high corrosivity in an industrial tinted (RAL to be defined) to meet customer requirements.
environment C5I or in a marine environment C5M. Finally, we are able to call on FROSIO certified examiners
For structures falling under the C5M corrosivity category to provide advice, monitoring and inspection of the
with parts subject to the combined effect of the atmosphere paint systems used.
and seawater (e.g. offshore), C5Mm classification applies.
68 69
PRESSURE TAP STANDARDIZED(1)
7. GENERAL INFORMATION FLANGE

ON ORIFICE PLATES PRESSURE TAP (1’’/1’’)
ADVANTAGES
Orifice flange
- Easily interchangeable measuring element
- Plate / flange materials may be different
Orifice carrier 1’’/1’’ (monoblock)
RF OR RTJ SEALING - Measuring element machined from a single block
- Pressure tappings integrated within the carrier
- Ease of assembly: orifice carrier either mounted
between simple flanges or welded to the piping
Orifice flange Orifice carrier 1’’/1’’

(monoblock)
CORNER(2) ADVANTAGES
PRESSURE TAPS (0/0) Annular chamber
-M ounting between simple flanges (welding-neck,
slip-on…)
RF (raised face) Male RTJ Female RTJ - Plate / annular chamber materials
may be different
- Averaged upstream and downstream pressure;
used for better accuracy
Orifice carrier 0/0 (monoblock)
- Measuring element machined from a single
block (different thicknesses possible)
Annular chamber Orifice carrier 0/0 - Pressure tappings integrated within the carrier
MOUNTING EXAMPLE (monoblock) - Ease of installation: orifice carrier either mounted
between simple flanges or welded to the piping
D AND D/2(3) PRESSURE TAPS
ADVANTAGES
D D/2
- Plate mounted between flanges (welding-neck,

slip-on…)
- Pressure taps on the pipe
- Used for diameters > ND150
RF orifice plate Male RTJ orifice plate Female RTJ orifice plate The sections above are showing the different types of pressure taps. For the sake of representation,
the diagrams are showing an orifice plate. To find out which pressure taps are suitable for the
selected flow measurement element, refer to the product data sheet.
(1)
To check the applicable standards, see page 56.
(2)
For installation of ISA1932 nozzle with corner pressure taps, see the corresponding technical datasheet on page 19.
(3)
For installation of long radius nozzle with D-D / 2 pressure taps, see the corresponding technical datasheet on page 20.
70 71
8. STRAIGHT LENGTHS REQUIREMENTS FOR 8. Straight lengths requirements for flow measurement
NOZZLE AND
VENTURI-NOZZLE (β=0.5)
FLOW MEASUREMENT BETWEEN PRESSURE Straight lengths values given below are valid for a
DIFFERENTIAL DEVICES AND FITTINGS β = d / D of 0.5. For the other β values, refer to the
ISO 5167-3 standard.
ACCORDING TO ISO 5167 Upstream(1) Downstream(2)
ORIFICE PLATE
DIAPHRAGM (β=0.5)
Single 90° bend
Straight lengths values given below are valid for
a β = d / D of 0.5. For other β values, refer to the
ISO 5167-2 standard.
Upstream(1) Downstream(2)
Two 90° bends
in the same plane
Two 90° bends

in different planes
Single 90° bend
Concentric reducer from

Two 90° bends in 2D to D over a length
the same plane of 1.5D to 3D
S(3) ≤ 10D
Concentric expander 1: flow direction

from 0.5D to D over a 2: upstream straight
Single 90° tee length of D to 2D length
3: downstream straight
length
Single 45° bend Globe valve

fully open
Concentric reducer from
2D to D over a length
of 1.5D to 3D
Full bore ball valve or
Concentric expander from gate valve fully open
0.5D to D over a length
of D to 2D
Full bore ball valve or 1: flow direction Abrupt symmetrical
gate valve fully open
2: upstream straight reduction
length
Abrupt symmetrical 3: downstream straight
reduction length
Thermowell diameter
Thermowell diameter ≤ 0.03D
≤ 0.03D
(1) (1)
Distance from the downstream end of the curved portion of the nearest bend or of the curved or conical portion of the reducer or the expander to the upstream Distance from the downstream end of the curved portion of the nearest bend or of the curved or conical portion of the reducer or the expander to the upstream
face of the orifice plate itself. (2) Distance from the upstream end of the curved portion of the nearest bend or of the curved or conical portion of the reducer or the face of the nozzle itself.
expander to the upstream face of the orifice plate itself. (3) S, distance between the two bends measured from the downstream end of the curved portion of the (2)
Distance from the upstream end of the curved portion of the nearest bend or of the curved or conical portion of the reducer or the expander to the upstream
72 upstream bend to the upstream end of the curved portion of the downstream bend. face of the nozzle itself. 73
8. Straight lengths requirements for flow measurement VENTURI TUBE (β=0.5) 8. Straight lengths requirements for flow measurement CONE METER (0.45 ≤ β < 0.6)
The values of straight lengths given below are valid Straight lengths values given below are valid for a
for a value of β = d / D of 0.5. For the other β values, β = d / D between 0.45 and 0.6. For other β values,
refer to the ISO 5167-4 standard. refer to the standard ISO 5167-5.
1: flow direction
2: upstream straight length
3: downstream straight length
1: flow direction
Upstream(1) Downstream 2: upstream straight length
Upstream(1) Downstream(2)
Single 90° bend
Two 90° bends

in the same plane or
in different planes
Single 90° bend
Reducer from 1.33D to D
over a length of 2.3D
Expander from 0.67D to D

over a length of 2.5D Two 90° bends in
perpendicular planes
Reducer from 0.75D to D

over a length of 3.5D
Concentric expander from 0.75D Concentric expander

to D over a length of D from 0.75D to D(3)
Full bore ball valve or gate

valve fully open
Valve partially closed
Thermowell diameter
≤ 0.13D
(1) (1)
Distance from the downstream end of the curved portion of the nearest bend or of the curved or conical portion of the reducer or the expander Distance from the downstream end of the curved portion of the nearest bend or of the curved or conical portion of the reducer or the expander to the plane
to the plane of the upstream pressure tap of the venturi itself. passing through the axis of the upstream pressure tap of the cone meter itself.
(2)
Distance from the plane section of the beta edge of the cone meter to the upstream end of the curved part of the nearest bend or reducer / expander.
74 (3)
Additional uncertainty up to 0.5 %. 75
6D
dc
D
9. CIRCULARITY AND ROUGHNESS
**
5D 2D
8. Straight lengths requirements for flow measurement WEDGE METER (h/D=0.5) Circularity
Circularity
Circularity
Circularity* Circularity
Circularity
REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO ISO 5167

D 2%D D 1%D D 2%D
Roughness
Roughness
Ra < 10E-3.D
The straight length values given below were carried

out with a flowmeter whose h / D value is equal to
STANDARD
7.2. Représentations des valeurs de circularité...
Cône de mesure
Venturi
0.5. In the absence of other tests, it is considered L
that these data are also valid for values of h / D

6D
between 0.2 and 0.6 (refer to ISO 5167-6).
dc
D
**
5D 2D
Circularity Circularity* Circularity
ORIFICE PLATE - METER RUN

D 2%D D 1%D D 2%D
Roughness Roughness
ACCORDING TO ISO 5167-2 STANDARD

Ra < 10E-3.D
Circularity

Venturi des valeurs de circularité...
7.2. Représentations
Plaque à orifice
1: flow direction
Upstream straight length Orifice plate
2: upstream straight length

Roughness
Circularity
Circularity Circularity Circularity Circularity

Plaque à orifice
Roughness
Upstream(1) Downstream(2) Upstream straight length Orifice plate
* on upstream length between 2.D and 10.D, no additional uncertainty of the discharge coefficient if the maximum circularity tolerance remains less than 0.3%D
** the primary element must be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe with a maximum tolerance of 1°
Tuyère et venturi-tuyère
*** value changing according to β and ReD – contact us
Upstream straight length
Single 90° bend Roughness
NOZZLE - METER RUN

Two 90° bends

in the same plane
Roughness
Long radius nozzle
ISA 1932 nozzle and venturi-nozzle
Concentric expander from D/2 to D
Concentric reducer from 3D/2 to D

Roughness
Long radius nozzle
Valve partially closed ISA 1932 nozzle and venturi-nozzle
* on upstream length between 2.D and 10.D, no additional uncertainty of the discharge coefficient if the maximum circularity tolerance remains less than 0.3%D
** the primary element must be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe with a maximum tolerance of 1°
*** value changing according to β and ReD – contact us
Single 90° tee

For the venturi-nozzle, the diameter of the pipe immediately downstream of the element must
be greater than 90 % of the diameter at the end of the diverging part.
(1)
D Distance from the downstream end of the curved portion of the nearest bend or of the curved or conical portion of the reducer or the expander to the plane of
the upstream pressure tap of the wedge meter itself.
(2)
Distance from the upstream pressure tap of the wedge meter to the upstream end of the curved part of the nearest bend or reducer / expander.
76 77
Circularity Circularity Circularity
Roughness
9. Circularity and roughness requirements Cône de mesure
6D 10. TRANSMITTER ASSEMBLY

ACCORDING TO APPLICATIONS
dc
D
**
5D 2D

D 2%D D 1%D D 2%D
VENTURI - METER RUN

Roughness
Ra < 10E-3.D
ACCORDING TO ISO 5167-4 STANDARD 7.2. Représentations des valeurs de circularité...

Venturi
LIQUID GAS
APPLICATION APPLICATION
Roughness

Circularity Débitmètre à coin
Upstream straight length (30° to 90°

7.2. Représentations des valeurs de circularité... recommended)
* the primary element must be perpendicular to the axis of the Plaque
pipeà orifice
with a maximum tolerance of 1°
** the diameter of the pipe immediately downstream of the venturi must be greater than 90% of the diameter at the end of the diverging part (30° to 90°
Upstream straight length Orifice plate recommended)
CONE METER - METER RUN The pressure taps must face downwards and the The pressure taps must face upwards and the
Roughness
Circularity
ACCORDING TO ISO 5167-5 STANDARD Circularity Circularity Circularity
transmitter must be mounted below so that any air transmitter must be mounted above so that any
Roughness
Cône de mesure present in the fluid remains in the piping and does not condensate present in the fluid remains in the piping
L influence the measurement. and does not influence the measurement.
6D
dc
D

**
5D 2D
STEAM
D 2%D D 1%D D 2%D
Roughness
Ra < 10E-3.D
APPLICATION
Venturi Two condensate pots must be provided and installed
* over a length between the plane section of the upstream pressure tap and the plane section at the maximum circumference of the cone, no additional
uncertainty of the discharge coefficient if the maximum circularity tolerance remains less than 1%D at the same level. The transmitter should be positioned
** the measuring cone nose must be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe (in the vertical and horizontal direction) with a maximum tolerance of 2°
below. The condensate pots must be filled with water
Roughness
before commissioning.
Long radius nozzle
ISA 1932 nozzle and venturi-nozzle
WEDGE METER - METER RUN

Roughness

Circularity
7.2. Représentations
7.2. des valeurs de circularité...
Représentations des valeurs de circularité...
Plaque à orifice Débitmètre à coin

Upstream straight length Orifice plate
The above diagrams explain the arrangements of the ΔP device according to

the different types of fluids. For the sake of representation, those diagrams are
showing standard flow measurement primary elements. All flow measurement
primary elements can be considered instead.
Roughness

Cône de mesure
Roughness
L
78 6D 79
dc
D
**
11. SPECIAL APPLICATION 12. ELECTRICAL ENVIRONMENT
RANGEABILITY OR TURNDOWN PROTECTION MODES / ATEX
RATIO UP TO 1:36
The flow rate value is calculated with the following formula: SIL (SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL)
Q flow The safety functions of measuring instruments are intended to reduce process-related risks, which may constitute
Q= K K constant taking into account the fluid

and piping specificities
ΔP differential pressure
a danger to humans, the environment and material goods. SIL (Safety Integrity Level) certification indicates the
operational safety level of safety-related systems according to IEC 61508 / NF EN 61508 standard. This
standard deals with functional safety of electrical, electronic, programmable electronic systems. There are four
The uncertainty of the flow rate is minimal good measurement accuracy for flow safety integrity levels: SIL1 to 4 (4 is the higher SIL level which means a greater process hazard).
at 100% of the maximum flow rate (Qmax) values ranging from 100 % down to 16 % The on-site risk assessment allows estimation of the desired SIL level.
for which the differential pressure device (i.e. Qmax / 6) of the maximum flow.
is designed. The operating range of the
If the measurement uncertainty must remain
differential pressure transmitter must also be
low over a wider flow range, it is necessary to
selected in order to be as close as possible
to the differential pressure measured at the
mount two differential pressure transmitters CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND SIL
in parallel: the first will measure 100 % to
maximum flow rate.
16 % of the maximum flow while the second
The turndown ratio of a flowmeter is also will take over for the lower range of flow
Safety PFD (Probability of Failure PDF (Probability of
refered to as its rangeability. It corresponds rates from 16 to 2% of the maximum flow.
Integrity on Demand) per year RRF (Risk Reduction Factor) Dangerous Failure) / hour
to the ratio between the maximum and
Thus, the differential pressure flowmeter Level Operation on demand continuous operation
the minimum mesurable flow rates with a
can reliably and with great accuracy mea-
minimum measurement uncertainty. Thus,
sure flow rates ranging from 2 to 100 % of
the higher rangeability, the more capable 1 10-1 to 10-2 10 to 100 10-5 to 10-6
the maximum measurable flow rate. We re-
is the flowmeter to accurately measure flow
fer to a rangeability of 1:36.
rates well below the maximum flow rate. 2 10-2 to 10-3 100 to 1 000 10-6 to 10-7
In general, differential pressure flowmeters
3 10-3 to 10-4 1 000 to 10 000 10-7 to 10-8
have a rangeability of 1: 6, i.e. it will keep
4 10-4 to 10-5 10 000 to 100 000 10-8 to 10-9
Flowmeter rangeability
E (%)
overall measurement
uncertainty
Transmitter 1
Transmitter 2
Transmitter 2 Transmitter 1 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE:

ATEX (FOR EUROPE) AND IECEX
(INTERNATIONAL) CERTIFICATION
Directive 2014/34/EU gives a definition of explosive atmosphere: a mixture
with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in
the form of gases, vapours, mists or dusts in which, after ignition has
occurred, combustion spreads to the entire unburned mixture.
Qdébit Equipment or protection systems intended for use in explosive atmospheres
Qmax/36 Qmax/6 Qmax must comply with this directive.
rangeability 1:6 with transmitter 1
rangeability 1:36 with transmitter 1&2
80 81
12. Electrical environment protection modes / ATEX 12. Electrical environment protection modes / ATEX
ATEX ZONES / EQUIPMENT CATEGORIES

The classification of explosion risk areas on a site is the responsibility of the head of the facility. A distinction is
made between areas with gas or vapor and areas with dust. GAS GROUPS DUST GROUPS
Equipment Protection Level
Area Hazard Equipment category Group Reference gas Dangerousness Group Type of dust Dangerousness
(EPL)
Gas / vapor (G) I Methane (mining) +
Explosive atmosphere existing for

1000 hours/year or longer in normal 1G IIA Propane ++ IIIA Combustible fibers +
Area 0 Ga
operation = permanent, long-term Protection level: very high
or frequent danger
IIB Ethylene +++ IIIB Non-conductive dust ++

2G (or 1G)
Area 1 10 to 1000 hours/year, in normal Gb
Protection level: high IIC Hydrogen/Acetylene +++ IIIC Conductive dust +++
operation = occasional danger
Explosive atmosphere existing less

than 10 hours/year, only in the event 3G (or 2G or 1G)
Area 2 Gc
of a malfunction = rare or short-term Protection level: normal
danger
Dust (D)
ATEX MARKING

1000 hours/year or longer in normal
Area 20 1D Da
operation = permanent, long-term
II 2G Ex de IIC Gb T4
or frequent danger
Explosive atmosphere existing for equipment equipement explosion protection gas or dust protection temperature
Area 21 10 to 1000 hours/year, in normal 2D (or 1D) Db
operation = occasional danger group category protection mode(s) group level class
Explosive atmosphere existing less
Maximum allowable surface temperature

Equipment group
Equipement category
Explosion protection
Protection mode(s)
Gas or dust group
Protection level
I – mines
G : gas D : dust
1 : zone 0/20 2 : zone 1/21
ATEX marking
e : increased safety
i : intrinsic safety d : explosion-proof
IIA / B / C (gas)
Ga / b / c (gas)
T4 : 135 °C
T1 : 450 °C
than 10 hours/year, only in the event
Area 22 3D (or 2D or 1D) Dc
of a malfunction = rare or short-term
danger
II – surface activities
T5 : 100 °C T6 : 85 °C
T2 : 300 °C T3 : 200 °C
PROTECTION MODES
Da / b / c (dust)
IIIA / B / C (dust)
Gas / Dust Equipment
Mode Symbol Principle
area categories
3 : zone 2/22
ia 0 / 20 1G / 1D
Limited energy input; prevents the formation of arcs or electric
Intrinsic safety ib 1 / 21 2G / 2D
sparks
ic 2 / 22 3G / 3D
Robust enclosure which resists to internal explosion and prevents

Explosion-proof (or ADF) d 1 2G
flame spreading outside
Components inside the enclosure must not produce arcs, sparks or

Increased safety e 1 2G
dangerous temperatures
The most widely used protection modes for Deltafluid temperature sensors
are ia and d.
82 83
try
Steel indus
ssing
Food proce
Oil & Gas
& Energy
Chemical in dustry
e m ic a l
Petroch

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2

ISA 1932 nozzle 19

applicable for all types of fluids and mixtures Instrumentation Piping

GUARANTEED PRECISION MAINTENANCE FREE LONG LIFE TIME

temperature sensor compact flow straightener

calculator meter run valve

ν mass flow rate in kg/s

(2) (2) 5 000 25 ≤ D ≤ 1 000 108 Economical and reliable 10

(2) (2) 80 25 ≤ D ≤ 500 6.104 Low flowrate and/or viscous fluid 11

(2) (2) 250 25 ≤ D ≤ 500 6.104 Viscous fluid 12

(2) (2) 104 50 ≤ D ≤ 630 107 Large flowrate 19 - 20

Large flowrate and low

METER RUN(3) 80 6 ≤ D ≤ 300 108 High accuracy 22 à 24

WEDGE METER 104 50 ≤ D ≤ 600 9.106 Fluid charged with impurities 28

GENERAL DATA GENERAL DATA

Optional: stellite coating(1) Optional: stellite coating(1)

Optional: stellite coating(1) Optional: stellite coating(1)

GENERAL DATA GENERAL DATA

Optional: stellite coating(1) TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Optional: stellite coating(1)

D Inside pipe diameter 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm d Orifice diameter d ≥ 6 mm

h Orifice height h ≥ 12.5 mm ß d/D 0.2 ≤ ß ≤ 0.65

ß h/D 0.316 ≤ ß ≤ 0.707 Upstream face roughness ≤ 10-4.d

E Plate thickness e ≤ E ≤ 0.05.D E Plate thickness e ≤ E ≤ 0.05.D

FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ VENTURI TUBE

GENERAL DATA GENERAL DATA

FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ NOZZLE

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&4 ASME MFC-3M

FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ VENTURI-NOZZLE

2 Long radius nozzle

GENERAL DATA GENERAL DATA

FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ METER RUN

* mounting also possible between annular chamber

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASME MFC-14M

FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ COMPACT

* flange mounting also possible

Orifice plates p 10 to 15 Orifice plates (sharp edge, conical

FLOW MEASUREMENT ┃ CONE METER

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISO 5167-1&5

VENTURI TUBE AND ORIFICE PLATE

FLOW LIMITATION ┃ RESTRICTION ORIFICE

Pressure diﬀerence (bar)

Permanent pressure drop Δω

GENERAL DATA GENERAL DATA

FLOW LIMITATION ┃ RESTRICTION ORIFICE

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Optional: stellite coating(1)

┃ MULTI-STAGE RESTRICTION ORIFICE

CAVITATION GENERAL DATA

Maximum flow rate reached

Pressure difference (√∆p) Liquid - Gas

Optional: stellite coating(1)

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ┃ RTD OR THERMOCOUPLE PROBE

OPERATING PRINCIPLE OPERATING PRINCIPLE

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ┃ CUSTOM ASSEMBLY

Pt 100 Ω / Pt 1000 Ω -200 °C to +600 °C

Fe - CuNi J -40 °C to +750 °C

NiCr - CuNi E -200 °C to +900 °C

NiCrSi - NiSi N -200 °C to +1200 °C

PtRh6% - PtRh30% B +100 °C to +1600 °C

OPERATING TEMPERATURE LIMITS

HEAD CABLE STEM