TEST PRACTICES FOR UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

Part I Choose A, B, C or D to fill in the blank.

1. Psychology is the ………… study of mind and behavior.
A. scientific B. technique C. artistic D. business
2. The word “psychology comes ………… the Greek words “psyche, meaning life, and “logos, ‖
meaning explanation.
A. with B. from C. toward D. forward
3. Psychology is literally the study of the mind or soul, and people defined it that ………… until
the early 1900s.
A. thing B. key C. way D. habit
4. Around 1920, psychologists became disenchanted………… the idea of studying the mind.
A. to B. by C. on D. with
5. Psychology is a popular major for …………, a popular topic in the public media, and a part of
our everyday lives.
A. doctors B. patients C. students D. clients
6. Dr. Phil features psychologists ………… provide personal advice to those with personal or
family difficulties.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
7. Crime dramas ………… CSI, Lie to Me, and others feature the work of forensic psychologists
who use psychological principles to help solve crimes.
A. Just as B. such as C. just for D. for example
8. Many people have direct knowledge about psychology ………… they have visited
psychologists, for instance, school counselors, family therapists, and religious, marriage, or
bereavement counselors.
A. despite B. because of C. after D. because
9. Psychologists do work in forensic fields, and they do provide counseling and …………
for people in distress.
A. stress B. therapy C. depression D. empathy
10. Most psychologists work in research laboratories, hospitals, and other field settings
………… they study the behavior of humans and animals.
A. where B. when C. why D. what
11. Psychology Department at the University of Maryland stud such diverse topics as anxiety in
children, the interpretation of dreams, the ………… of caffeine on thinking, how birds recognize
each other, how praying mantises hear.
A. ideas B. status C. forms D. effects
12. Other psychologists study such topics as alcohol and ………… addiction, memory, emotion,
hypnosis, love, what makes people aggressive or helpful, and the psychologies of politics,
prejudice, culture, and religion.
A. cocaine B. drug C. nicotine D. cigarette
13. Psychologists use a variety of methods, ………… observation, questionnaires, interviews,
and laboratory studies, to help them understand behavior.
A. consisting B. including C. setting up D. containing
14. The Greek philosophers asked many of the same questions that today‘s psychologists ask, for
instance, they questioned the distinction …………nature and nurture and the existence of free
will.
A. among B. around C. between D. from
15. European philosophers continued to ask these fundamental questions ………… the
Renaissance.
A. because B. although C. since D. during
16. Descartes also ………… in the existence of innate natural abilities.
A. included B. insisted C. believed D. available
17. A scientist ………… a philosopher, Descartes dissected animals and was among the first to
understand that the nerves controlled the muscles.
A. as soon as B. whereas C. or else D. as well as
18. He also addressed the ………… between mind (the mental aspects of life) and body (the
physical aspects of life).
A. friendship B. internship C. membership D. relationship
19. Descartes …………in the principle of dualism: that the mind is fundamentally different from
the mechanical body.
A. believed B. interested C. wanted D. available
20. Psychology also provides a good ………… for people entering professional schools.
A. base B. background C. environment D. form
21. The fundamental problem that these philosophers ……………… was that they had few
methods for settling their claims.
A. shouldered B. minded C. faced D. headed
22. It is important to be ………… of cultures and cultural differences because people with
different cultural backgrounds increasingly come into contact with each other as a result of
increased travel and immigration and the development of the Internet and other forms of
communication.
A. realize B. understand C. know D. aware
23. The German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), ………… developed a psychology
laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, and the American psychologist William James (1842–1910),
who founded a psychology laboratory at Harvard University.
A. which B. what C. whose D. who
24. The American psychologist William James (1842–1910), who ………… a psychology
laboratory at Harvard University.
A. founded B. solved C. recognized D. discovered
25. Plato argued on the nature side, believing that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or
inborn, ………… Aristotle was more on the nurture side.
A. when B. even C. if D. whereas
26. These philosophers questioned the distinction ………… nature and nurture and the existence
of free will.
A. among B. around C. between D. from
27. The French philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650) also considered the issue …………
free will.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
28. A scientist ………… a philosopher, Descartes dissected animals and was among the first to
understand that the nerves controlled the muscles.
A. as soon as B. as much as C. as more as D. as well as
29. He also addressed the relationship between ………… (the mental aspects of life) and body
(the physical aspects of life).
A. head B. mind C. face D. shoulder
30. Psychologists study behavior at different levels of explanation, ranging ………… lower
biological levels to higher social and cultural levels.
A. for B. by C. from D. with
Part II Word form. (20 câu)
1. Psychology is the (SCIENCE) ………… study of mind and behavior.
A. scientist B. sciential C. scientific D. scientifically
2. Some psychologists are researchers and others are (PRACTICE) ………….
A. practical B. practicability C. practicably D. practitioners
3. people are not always as good at (PREDICT) …………. outcomes as they often think they
are.
A. prediction B. predicting C. predictably D. predictive
4. Employing the scientific method allows psychologist to objectively and (SYSTEM)
…………. understand human behavior.
A. systematic B. systematical C. systematist D. systematically
5. The same behaviors can be studied and explained within psychology at different levels of
(EXPLAIN) ………….
A. explainer B. explainable C. explanation D. explaining
6. The first psychologists were philosophers, but the field became more objective as more
sophisticated scientific (APPROACH) …………. were developed and employed.
A. approaches B. approached C. approaching D. approachable
7. Some of the most important (HISTORY) …………. schools of psychology include
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and psychodynamic psychology.
A. historian B. historic C. historical D. historically
8. A psychiatrist is a (PHYSIC) …………. who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine
devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders.
A. physical B. physician C. physicalism D. physicalist
9. Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable (MEASURE)
…………. behavior.
A. measurable B. measurement C. measureless D. measurer
10. Conflict is an open clash between two (OPPOSE) …………. groups.
A. opposer B. opposes C. opposed D. opposing
11. A school psychologist is (SPECIAL) …………. in the psychological condition of students.
A. specialism B. specialists C. specialistic D. specialty
12. Psychological disorder is a psychological (THINK) ………. or emotion.
A. thinks B. thinking C. thought D. thinker
13. Phobia is an anxiety disorder (CHARACTER) ………. by irrational fear.
A. characteriesB. characterizing C. characteristic D. characterized
14. Descartes believed in the (PRINCIPAL) ………. of dualism: that the mind is fundamentally
different from the mechanical body.
A. principally B. principality C. principle D. principalities
15. The fundamental problem that these (PHILOSOPHY) ………. faced was that they had few
methods for settling their claims.
A. philosophic B. philosophers C. philosophical D. philosophically
16. Most philosophers didn’t (TO CONDUCT) ………. any research on these questions.
A. conduct B. conducted C. conductance D. conductible
17. The German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), who (DEVELOP) ……………. a
psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
A. developing B. developer C. developed D. development
18. The French philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650) also (CONSIDER) ……………the
issue of free will.
A. considered B. considerate C. considerable D. considerably
19. Descartes also believed in the (EXIST) ………….. of innate natural abilities.
A. existence B. existences C. existential D. existent
20. Psychologists study behavior at different levels of explanation, ranging from lower
(BIOLOGY) levels to higher social and cultural levels.
A. biologic B. biological C. biologist D. biologically
Part III- Read the passage and choose the best answer
Many people maintain it is men who suffer more. Today, women who behave “like men”
are often accepted and even applauded. It is acceptable for women to dress like men by wearing
pants, suits, and even ties; it is acceptable for women to have jobs that were traditionally held by
men, such as doctors, lawyers, even construction workers. And, it is more acceptable for women
to participate in sports. But is it acceptable for men to dress like women by wearing a dress or
tights? Are men who possess jobs traditionally held by women, such as nurses or secretaries,
encouraged or applauded? It is interesting that a little girl who behaves like a boy is called a
tomboy, but a little boy who behaves like a girl is called a sissy. Sissy has more negative
connotations than a tomboy. Today, parents have no problem giving their little girls trucks or
balls to play with and encouraging girls to play sports. But how do parents feel about giving their
little boys dolls and encouraging them to play “dress-up”?
Most scientists believe men suffer more negative consequences for gender-role violations
than women. Women who take on characteristics of the male gender role are moving toward a
higher status, whereas men who take on characteristics of the female gender role are moving
toward a lower status. We applaud the move up but not the move down.
1. What are jobs that were traditionally held by men?
A. Doctors, lawyers, construction workers.
B. Teachers, lawyers, construction workers.
C. Teachers, doctors, lawyers.
D. Teachers, doctors, construction workers.
2. What is a little girl called if she behaves like a boy?
A. A sissy
B. A nanny
C. A cowboy
D. A tomboy
3. Which of the following statement is NOT mentioned?
A. Women can get married.
B. Women can wear pants, suits, ties.
C. Women can be a doctor, lawyer, construction worker.
D. Women can play sports.
4. What don’t parents want their little boys to do?
A. To play sports.
B. To play with dolls.
C. To play with trucks.
D. To play with balls.
5. Who suffers more negative consequences?
A. Women
B. Adult
C. Men
D. Children

Part IV - Incomplete Texts

Question 1 through 5 refer to the following article
RELATIONS WITH OTHERS
Social psychologists are (1) ………… in the question of why people sometimes act in a
prosocial way (helping, liking, or loving others), but at other times act in an antisocial way
(hostility, aggression, or prejudice against others). Aggression can be (2) ………… as any
behavior that is intended to harm another human being. Hostile aggression is accompanied by
strong emotions, particularly anger. Harming the other person is the goal. Instrumental
aggression is only a means to an end. Harming the person is (3) ………… obtain some other
goal, such as money. Research indicates that there are many causes of aggression, including
biological factors like testosterone and environmental factors, such as social learning.
Immediate situational factors such as frustration are also important in triggering an aggressive
response (4)………… violence is a fact of life, people are also capable of helping each other,
even complete strangers in emergencies. Research indicates that altruism occurs when a person
feels empathy for another individual, even in the absence of other motives. However, according
to the bystander effect, the probability of receiving help in an emergency situation drops as the
number of bystanders increases. This is due to (5) ………… conformity and diffusion of
responsibility, the tendency for people to feel less personally responsible when other people are
around.
1A. availavle B. interested C. wanting D. include
2A. tobe sure B. decided C. confirmed D. defined
3A. ought B. have to C. used to D. must
4A. Although B. Despite C. Because D. After
5A. others B. both C. either D. neither

Part V- English-Vietnamese Translation

1. The Piaget classroom is thus child-centered, rather than being knowledge-centered: solutions
to problems should come from the child, not come from the teacher.
 Lớp học Piaget thì lấy trẻ em làm trung tâm, còn hơn là lấy kiến thức làm trung tâm: các giải
pháp cho các vấn đề nên đến từ trẻ em, không nên đến từ giáo viên.

2. Children raised in households with a high socioeconomic status tend to have greater access to
opportunities, while those from households with lower socioeconomic status may have less
access to such things as health care, quality nutrition, and education.
 Trẻ em được nuôi dưỡng trong các hộ gia đình với tình trạng kinh tế xã hội cao có xu hướng
được tiếp cận nhiều hơn với các cơ hội, trong khi từ những hộ gia đình với tình trạng kinh tế xã
hội thấp hơn có thể ít được tiếp cận đến những thứ như chăm sóc sức khỏe, chất lượng dinh
dưỡng và giáo dục.

3. Experts focus not only on the many influences that contribute to normal child development but
also on various factors that might lead to psychological problems during childhood.
 Các chuyên gia không chỉ tập trung vào nhiều ảnh hưởng góp phần vào sự phát triển bình
thường của trẻ mà còn tập trung vào nhiều yếu tố khác nhau có thể dẫn đến các vấn đề tâm lý
trong thời thơ ấu.

4. A child psychologist is a type of psychologist who studies the mental, social and emotional
development of children.
 Một nhà tâm lý học trẻ em là một loại của nhà tâm lý nghiên cứu về tinh thần, xã hội và sự
phát triển cảm xúc của trẻ em.
5.The most important thing you can learn is how to better study, learn and remember. These
skills will help you throughout your life, as you learn new jobs and take on other
responsibilities.
 Điều quan trọng nhất mà bạn có thể học là làm thế nào để nghiên cứu, học tập và ghi nhớ
tốt hơn. Những kỹ năng này sẽ giúp bạn trong suốt cuộc đời của bạn, như việc bạn học một
công việc mới và đảm nhận thêm những trách nhiệm khác.