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    Endocrine and Nervous World of Teaching Copy

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    harayoblessanie

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    Endocrine and Nervous World of Teaching Copy

    Uploaded by

    harayoblessanie
    2 views55 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views55 pages

    Endocrine and Nervous World of Teaching Copy

    Uploaded by

    harayoblessanie

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 55

    Classroom

    and
    Attendance
    Let’s recall!
    GOALS
    -explain how the
    endocrine system helps
    the body maintain its
    homeostasis
    -discuss the function of
    some hormones created
    by the different organs
    of the endocrine system
    • Main Function:
    It releases hormones into the blood to
    signal other cells to behave in certain
    ways. It is a slow but widespread form
    of communication.
    Consists of:
    Endocrine glands
    Release hormones into
    the bloodstream.
    Hormones are chemicals
    released in one part of the
    body that travel through
    the bloodstream and
    affect the activities of cells
    in other parts of the body.
    Pituitary Gland

    Function: It secretes nine hormones


    that directly regulate many body
    functions and controls functions of
    other glands.
    Disorders: To much growth
    hormones (GH) in early childhood
    can result in a condition called Robert
    gigantism. To little GH can result in Wadlow
    Pituitary Dwarfism.
    Adenohypophysis:
    Growth Hormone (GH)
    Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
    Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
    (ACTH)
    Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
    Prolactin
    Neurohypophysis:
    Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
    Oxytocin
    Thyroid Gland
    • Function: plays a major role in
    regulation the body’s metabolism.
    • Disorders: If the Thyroid Gland
    produces to much Thyroxine, it can
    cause a condition known as
    Hyperthyroidism. If to little thyroxine
    produces it is called Hypothyroidism.
    Hormones of the Thyroid
    Gland
    Thyroxine
    Triiodothyronine:
    1. regulates metabolism
    2. increases energy production from
    food.
    3. increases rate of protein synthesis

    Calcitonin:
    decreases the reabsorption of calcium
    and phosphate from bones to blood.
    PARATHYROID GLANDS
    - There are 4 parathyroid
    glands that produce
    PARATHYROID
    HORMONE (PTH) or
    PARATHORMONE.

    - This hormone
    increases the
    reabsorption of calcium
    and phosphorus from
    bone to blood.
    Pancreas
    Function: The Insulin
    and Glucagon in the
    Pancreas help to keep
    the level of glucose in
    the blood stable.
    Disorders: When the
    Pancreas fails to
    produce or properly use
    Insulin, it can cause a
    condition known as
    Diabetes Mellitus.
    Adrenal Gland
    • Functions:
    -The adrenal
    glands release
    Adrenaline in the
    body that helps
    prepare for and
    deal with stress.
    -Also regulates
    kidney function.
    -Hormones produced are:
    1. Epinephrine (adrenaline):
    increases heart rate and force of
    contraction, dilates bronchial tree,
    increases the conversion of glycogen
    from the liver to glucose, and
    increases the use of fat for energy.

    2. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline):
    raises blood pressure and constricts
    blood vessels.
    3. Aldosterone:
    regulates the amount
    of salt in the body.
    4. Cortisol:
    Regulates the
    metabolism of
    carbohydrates,
    proteins, and fat.
    5. Androgens:
    maintain secondary
    sex characteristics
    Ovaries
    • Functions:
    – Pair of reproductive organs found in
    women that produce eggs.
    – Also secrete estrogen and
    progesterone, which control ovulation
    and menstruation.
    Testes
    • Functions:
    – Pair of reproductive glands that
    produces sperm.
    – Also secrete Testosterone to give
    the body its masculine
    characteristics.
    Interaction of Glands
    The hypothalamus
    is located in the
    brain and controls
    the release of
    hormones from the
    pituitary gland. It is
    an important link
    between the
    endocrine and
    nervous systems.
    http://www.biocfarm.unibo.it/aunsnc/images/3D%20Obje
    cts/Hypothalamus.gif
    Main Function:
    This communication
    system controls and
    coordinates functions
    throughout the body and
    responds to internal and
    external stimuli.
    Our nervous system
    allows us to feel pain.
    Consists of: brain, spinal cord, nerves and
    sense organs

    Sense Organs: Eyes, Skin, Ears, Nose & Tongue


    A nerve is an organ
    containing a bundle
    of nerve cells called
    neurons.

    Neurons carry
    electrical messages
    called impulses
    throughout the
    body. Picture shows hundreds of
    severed neuron axons
    dendrite muscle
    Axon tissue

    cell body
    cell
    body

    TYPICAL MOTOR
    NEURON
    synapse
    Parts of a Neuron
    1. Cell body: contains nucleus & most of the
    cytoplasm
    2. Dendrites: projections that bring impulses
    into the neuron to the cell body.
    3. Axon: long projection that carries impulses
    away from cell body

    2 3
    Because neurons never touch, chemical
    signalers called neurotransmitters must
    travel through the space called synapse
    between two neurons.

    Neurotransmitters (pink
    spheres)
    The message
    is transferred
    when
    RECEPTORS
    receive
    neurotrans-
    mitters.
    Synapse (gap)
    Sensory Interneuron
    Synapse
    Neuron Synapse

    Motor
    Interneuron Neuron

    Synapse

    Motor Sensory Muscle


    Neuron Contracts
    Neuron
    A reflex is an
    involuntary
    response that is
    Reflex Arc
    processed in the
    spinal cord not
    the brain.
    Reflexes protect
    the body before
    the brain knows
    what is going on.
    Consists of: Brain and Spinal Cord

    Cerebrum
    brain
    Cerebellum
    Medulla Oblongata
    Spinal Cord
    SKULL
    Cerebrum Voluntary or conscious activities of
    the body-learning, judgment
    Cerebellum Coordinates and balances the
    actions of the muscles
    Controls involuntary actions like
    Medulla Oblongata blood pressure, heart rate,
    (Brain Stem) breathing, and swallowing

    The main communications link


    Spinal Cord between the brain and the rest of
    the body
    LOBES OF THE
    BRAIN
    •Frontal
    •Parietal
    •Occipital
    •Temporal
    Frontal lobe
    •Personality, behavior, emotions
    •Judgment, planning, problem
    solving
    •Speech: speaking and writing
    (Broca’s area)
    •Body movement (motor strip)
    •Intelligence, concentration, self
    awareness
    •Smell
    Parietal lobe
    •Interprets language, words
    •Sense of touch, pain,
    temperature (sensory strip)
    •Interprets signals from
    vision, hearing, motor,
    sensory and memory
    •Spatial and visual perception
    Occipital lobe
    •Interprets vision (color,
    light, movement)
    Temporal lobe
    •Understanding language
    (Wernicke’s area)
    •Memory
    •Hearing
    •Sequencing and organization
    SPINAL CORD
    is a long, thin, tubular bundle of
    nervous tissue and support cells
    that extends from the medulla
    oblongata in the brainstem to the
    lumbar region of the vertebral
    column.
    Consists of:
    Sensory division
    and Motor
    division
    -includes all
    sensory neurons,
    motor neurons,
    and sense organs

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