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Ahlia Maths GR 5

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Ahlia Maths GR 5

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Al-Ahlia

New Edition
2010
Authors

H. NASSAR N. BADR
G. KARROUM A. MOARBES
M. EL ASMAR K. ATIEH
C. MERHEB

Editors

AL- AHLIA

Composition and page

arrangement

Al-Ahlia Pre-press

Imprimerie

Les imprimeries modernes

AL- AHLIA
This collection : Puissance series is designed to induce attractive
practice in Mathematics and progressive development of the spirit of
research through motivation.

Our main purpose is to make mathematics easily accessible to

students, without putting obstacles that may provoke a negative reaction
from them :

FORWARD
This BOOK has the following objectives :

carry out operations with large numbers

work with fractions and decimals
carry on the study of statistics
measure time, mass, length and capacity
usage of calculators
multiply and divide decimals
find particular quadrilaterals and their diagonals
use the protractor to measure angles
determine the distance between two parallel lines
calculate areas
get familiar with usual solid forms.
We hope that this work will contribute to up-grading the teaching of
Mathematics and we will be pleased to receive all suggestions or criticism
that may help in improving this series.

The authors

3
4
Chapters

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Natural numbers (revision) - Multiples (revision) 8 - 14

Problems 15 - 18

2 Divisors 19 - 20

3 Divisibility rules by 2, by 5 and by 10 21 - 25

4 Divisibility rule by 3 26 - 27

5 Divisibility rule by 9 28 - 29

6 Remainder of the division by 3 and by 9 30 - 31

7 Divisibility rule by 4 32 - 33

8 Dividing by a three digit number 34 - 35

9 Angles 36 - 38

10 Fractions less than one - Fractions greater than one 39 - 42

11 Decimal numbers (reminder) 43 - 45

12 The thousandths and the ten-thousandths 46 - 47

13 Measuring angles (1) 48 - 49

14 Measuring angles (2) 50 - 52

15 Equal fractions - Simplified fractions 53 - 55

Problems 56

16 Comparing fractions (1) : same denominator 57 - 59

17 Comparing fractions (2) : same numerator 60

18 Comparing fractions 61 - 62

Problems 63

19 Comparing decimals 64 - 67

20 Addition and subtraction of decimals 68 - 73

5
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters

Problems 74 - 75

21 The distance between two parallel lines 76 - 81

22 Multiplying by 10 ; 100 or 1,000 82

23 Dividing by 10 ; 100 or 1,000 83 - 85

24 Multiplying decimals - Operator technique 86 - 93

25 Multiplying a number by a multiple of 10, 100 or 1,000 94 - 95

Problems 96

26 Measure of length (Reminder) 97

27 Metric system - Measuring capacity 98 - 100

Problems 101

28 Polygons (revision) 102 - 103

29 Diagonals of a polygon 104 - 105

Problems 106 - 107

30 Addition and subtraction of fractions of same denominator (1) 108 - 109

31 Addition and subtraction of fractions (2) 110 - 113

Problems 114

32 Mixed number 115 - 116

33 Fraction of a number 117 - 120

Problems 121

34 Circle - Diameter of a circle 122 - 123

35 Dividing of two numbers - Appropriate quotient 124 - 125

36 Dividing a number by a number - Decimal quotient 126 - 128

6
Chapters

TABLE OF CONTENTS
37 Dividing a number by a number - Decimal quotient 129 - 130
(The dividend is less than the divisor)

38 Dividing a decimal by a number 131

Problems 132

39 The divisor ending with one or more zeros 133

40 Dividing a decimal by a decimal 134 - 135

Problems 136 - 137

41 Division - Decimal quotient to the nearest lower or higher 138 - 139

Problems 140

42 Surfaces and their area 141 - 143

Problems 144 - 146

43 Length of a circle (perimeter) - Area of a disc 147 - 152

44 Time - Duration (1) 153 - 154

45 Time - Duration (2) 155

Problems 156 - 158

46 Statistics 159 - 165

47 Homothecy 166 - 169

Problems 170

48 Cube 171 - 172

49 Pyramid 173

50 Pyramid of squared base 174

51 Pyramid of triangular base (tetrahedron) 175

52 Right prism 176

Revision problems 177-181

7
1 Natural numbers (revision)
Multiples (revision)

Activity
Set up and calculate : 999,999,999 + 1

Billions Ones
Millions period Thousands period
period period

h t o h t o h t o h t o

I get 1,000,000,000 as result.

I read : one billion.

Complete : 1,000,000,000 is the number that comes just after

........................................................

1 Complete with natural numbers.

a) 999,999,997 ; ............................................. ; 999,999,999 ; ............................................. ; 1,000,000,001 .

b) 999,999,995 + 5 = ............................................................................ .

999,999,990 + 10 = ......................................................................... .

2 Calculate.

999,999,900 + 100 = ............................................................................................. .

999,999,000 + 1,000 = ........................................................................................ .

999,000,000 + 1,000,000 = ............................................................................ .

8
3 What does the digit 5 represent in each of the numbers in the chart below ?

billions period millions period thousands period ones period

h t o h t o h t o h t o

x 5 1 2 6 2 4 3 0 7 2

y 7 2 5 3 1 2 4 6 0 9

z 5 1 9 7 0 8 3 3 6 4 0

t 5 3 8 3 0 4 4 3 2 0 0 1

x: ................................................................................................... z: ...................................................................................................

y: ................................................................................................... t: ....................................................................................................

4 Write in words the number placed in the chart below.

billions period millions period thousands period ones period

h t o h t o h t o h t o

3 6 4 5 1 2 8 0 0 0 0 0

What is the digit of ten billions ?

What is the number of ten billions ?

What digit is the hundred billions ?

What is the number of hundred billions ?

What is the number of millions ?

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
9
....................................................... thousands.
5 Complete.
In 508,234,567 there are ....................................................... ten thousands.

....................................................... hundred thousands.

....................................................... millions.

In 2,731,000,000 there are ....................................................... ten millions.

....................................................... hundred millions.

....................................................... ten billions.

In 231,000,000,000 there are ....................................................... hundred billions.

....................................................... billions.

6 Complete.

The number in digits The number in words

1,350,000,000 one billion, three hundred, and fifty million.

two billions, one million, and six hundred thousand.

10,005,900,000

32,000,840,000

7 The number 7,421,058,069 is decomposed in this way :

7,421,058,069 = 7,000,000,000 + 400,000,000 + 20,000,000 + 1,000,000 + 50,000
+ 8,000 + 60 + 9
= 7 × 1,000,000,000 + 4 × 100,000,000 + 2 × 10,000,000
+ 1,000,000 + 5 × 10,000 + 8 × 1,000 + 6 × 10 + 9
Using the preceding example, decompose the following number :

40,305,920,700 = ............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

= ............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

10
8 Compare the following numbers, using the symbols < , > or = .

729,280 ............... 709,289 564,000 ............... 500,000 + 60,000 + 4,000.

1,692,045 ............... 1,962,045 900,000 + 1,000,000 ............... 900,000 + 800,000.

2,910,364 ............... 2,910,864 300,000 + 7,000,000 ............... 200,000 + 600,000.

400,352,614 ............... 400,342,614 764,000 – 43,200 ............... 764,000 – 53,200.

9 Calculate without setting up.

600,000 + 57,000 + 400 + 7 = ...................................................................................................................................................

20,000,000 + 700,000 + 9,000 = .............................................................................................................................................

35,000,000,000 + 900,000,000 + 5,000,000 = .........................................................................................................

10 Calculate each of the following numbers.

4 × 1,000,000 + 9 × 100,000 + 3 × 10,000 + 2 × 100 + 4 = ......................................................................

7 × 1,000,000 + 36 × 1,000 + 9 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 1 = .....................................................................................

8 × 1,000,000,000 + 5 × 1,000,000 + 7 × 10,000 + 9 = .................................................................................

11 Calculate.

1,270,985 2,601,780,000 1,104,880,000

+ 89,867 + 1,725,453,869 – 715,850,000

................................... .............................................. ..........................................

12 Set up and calculate (on the copybook).

a) 3,065,082 – 974,395 d) 3,845 + 98,439 + 932,378

b) 7,550,321 – 6,498,176 e) 1,389,374 + 125 + 1,398,798

c) 3,207,999,000 – 116,789,000 f) 986,852,000 + 17,584,000

11
13 Set up and calculate (on the copybook).

4,608 × 23 3,807 × 906 27,138 ÷ 6 6,325 divided by 7

2,478 × 94 1,895 × 875 108,544 ÷ 53 17,965 divided by 25

6,759 × 56 5,189 × 460 61,750 ÷ 38 31,291 divided by 91.

14 a) Write on the number line the multiples of 6 that are less than 50.

0 6 12
6×0 6×1

Write 23 between two consecutive multiples of 6.

b) Write on the number line the multiples of 8 that are less than 50.

8×0

Write 23 between two consecutive multiples of 8.

c) Write on the common multiples of 6 and 8 that are less than 50.

d) What is the least common non-zero multiple of 6 and 8 ? .......................................................

15 a) Write the multiples of 2 that are less than 19.

b) Write the multiples of 3 that are less than 19.

c) What is the least common non-zero multiple of 2 and 3 ? .......................................................

12
16 a) Write the multiples of 5 that are less than 51.

b) Write the multiples of 15 that are less than 51.

c) What is the least common non-zero multiple of 5 and 15 ? ....................................................

d) What do you notice ? ...............................................................................................................................................................

17 Write the common multiples of 4 and 5 included between 7 and 85.

Find the multiples of 9 included between 400 and 430.

18 a) Find the smallest multiple of 6 that is greater than 119 : ...........................................................

b) Find the greatest multiple of 6 that is less than 149 : ....................................................................

c) Is the sum of these two multiples a multiple of 6 ? Justify.

d) Is their difference a multiple of 6 ? Justify.

e) Is their product a multiple of 6 ? Justify.

13
19 Complete.

a) The multiples of 6 that are less than 100 are :

b) The multiples of 15 that are less than 100 are :

c) The least common non-zero multiple of 6 and 15 is : .......................................................................

The greatest common multiple of 6 and 15 that is less than 100 is : ...............................

Is the sum of these two multiples a multiple of 6 and 15 ?

Justify.

Is it the same for their product ? Justify.

20 Observe the following example : 56 × 1,000 < 56,348 < 57 × 1,000.

56,348 is written between two consecutive multiples of 1,000.

Write each of the following numbers between two consecutive multiples of 1,000.

a) 908,751 ; b) 37,005 ; c) 99,914 ; d) 1,584,732.

a) ......................................................................................................................................................

b) ......................................................................................................................................................

c) ......................................................................................................................................................

d) ......................................................................................................................................................

14
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 Write each of the following numbers 4 A company bought 13 television

between two consecutive even numbers. sets for 735,000 L.L. each and
3,450,601 ; 297,413 ;
17 computers for 4,725,000 L.L. each.
347,007 ; 1,999,999.
The company paid with bills of
100,000 L.L.
How many bills are needed for this
2 Write each of the following numbers
purchase ?
between two consecutive odd numbers.
3,860,606 ; 3,200,000 ; 5 Paul received 24,500 L.L. from his
1,000,000 ; 999,998. mother and 25,500 L.L. from his father.
He bought 10 copybooks for 525 L.L.
each, a pencil case for 10,750 L.L. and

3 In a month, an airplane makes 5 times the two books for 13,500 L.L. each.

flight BEIRUT-PARIS-BEIRUT, measuring a) What sum of money did Paul receive ?

6,382 km, and 6 times the flight BEIRUT - b) How much did he spend ?

ROME - BEIRUT, measuring 4,406 km. c) How much does he still have ?

What is, in km, the distance covered by

6 Nabil has 496 bills of 5,000 L.L.,
this airplane in a month ?
28 bills of 20,000 L.L., 10 bills of
50,000 L.L. and 7 bills of 10,000 L.L.
What amount of money does Nabil
have ?

7 The monthly salary of an employee is 1,850,000 L.L.

a) What is his annual income ?
b) What is his annual saving, knowing that his monthly expenditure is 310,000 L.L. for rent,
655,000 L.L. for food and 450 000 L.L. for various expenses ?

15
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

8 A merchant bought 12 sheep for 175,500 L.L. each. He sold them all for 2,340,000 L.L.

a) What was the selling price of each sheep ?

b) How much profit did he make ?

9 A cake, a chocolate and a juice cost 8,500 L.L. The cake and the chocolate cost
5,500 L.L. The chocolate and the juice cost 6,500 L.L.
a) Calculate the price of the juce.
b) Calculate the price of the cake and that of the chocolate.

10 A greengrocer bought 350 fruit cases, each weighing 13 kg, for 5,800 L.L. the kg.
Transportation costed him 350,000 L.L.
a) What was the total cost ?
b) The fruit sale helped the greengrocer make a total profit of 10,010,000 L.L.
Calculate the selling price of each case.

11 A man intends to buy a house for 81,230,000 L.L.

He should pay 1,800,000 L.L. for registration.
He has 53,000,000 L.L. and will borrow the rest.
a) How much should he borrow ?
b) This man should settle the borrowed sum in 30 equal payments.
What would be the value of each payment ?

12 A merchant buys 650 m of velvet.

He sells half of it for 28,750 L.L. the meter and the rest for 25,000 L.L. the meter. His
profit is 2,112,500 L.L.
a) Calculate the selling price of the 650 meters.
b) Calculate the purchase price of the meter.

16
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

13 The planets of the solar system.

The indicated numbers show the distances between the planets and the sun.
a) Write these numbers in words.
b) Rewrite them in this order : from the farthest planet to the nearest one to the
sun.

Mars
229,000,000 km
Mercury
57,000,000 km

Uranus
2,878,000,000 km
Saturn
1,425,000,000 km

Jupiter
780,000,000 km

Pluto Earth
5,913,000,000 km 150,000,000 km

Venus
108,000,000 km

Neptune
4,505,000,000 km

17
18
2 Divisors

Activity

Observe :

12 = 1 × 12 12 ÷ 1 = 12 ;
12 ÷ 12 = 1 ; 12 is a divisor of 12
1 is a divisor of 12

Complete :

12 = 2 × 6 12 ÷ 2 =
12 ÷
...............

............... =2 ;
; 2 is a divisor of ...........

.................................................................

12 = 3 × .........
12 ÷
12 ÷
..........

..........
=
=
................

................
;.................................................................
;.................................................................

The divisors of 12 are : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 6 and 12 .

12 ÷ 3 = 4 4 is an exact quotient of the division of 12

by 3.

1 List all the divisors of 12. ....................................................................................................................................................

List all the divisors of 18. ....................................................................................................................................................

Is 3 a common divisor of 12 and 18 ? .................................................................................................................

What are the common divisors of 12 and 18 ? ........................................................................................

What are the greatest common divisor of 12 and 18 ? .................................................................

2 Is 7 a divisor of 84 ? Justify. ...........................................................................................................................................

Is 12 a divisor of 84 ? Justify. ......................................................................................................................................

Is 4 a common divisor of 12 and 84 ? Justify. .........................................................................................

Is 16 a divisor of 84 ? Why ? ..........................................................................................................................................

Is 4 a common divisor of 12, 16 and 84 ? .....................................................................................................

19
3 List the divisors of 20. ............................................................................................................................................................

List the divisors of 30. ............................................................................................................................................................

What are the common divisors of 20 and 30 ? ........................................................................................

What is the greatest common divisor of 20 and 30 ? ......................................................................

4 Is 8 a divisor of 24 ? Justify. ...........................................................................................................................................

List the divisors of 8. ................................................................................................................................................................

List the divisors of 24. ............................................................................................................................................................

Are the divisors of 8 the divisors of 24 ? .......................................................................................................

5 Selim wants to arrange equally 1,309 apples in small boxes. Each box can contain a
number of apples between 9 and 13.

How many boxes does he need ?

6 List the multiples of 12 that are less than 61. ...........................................................................................

List the divisors of 12. ............................................................................................................................................................

List the divisors of 36. ............................................................................................................................................................

Are the divisors of 12 the divisors of 36 ? ....................................................................................................

Can we say that any divisor of 36 is a divisor of 12 ? ...................................................................

Justify your answer. ..................................................................................................................................................................

20
3 Divisibility rules
by 2, by 5 and by 10

Activity
Among the following numbers :
19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 ; 24 ; 25 ; 26 ; 27 ; 28 ; 29 ; 30.
a) Write those which are divisible by 2.

All numbers whose ones digit is 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 or 8 are

divisible by 2 .
Remember All numbers divisible by 2 are even.

b) Write those which are divisible by 5.

Remember All numbers whose ones digit is 9 or 5 are divisible by 5.

c) Write those which are divisible by 10.

All numbers whose ones digit is 0 are divisible by 10.

Remember

1 Answer by true or false.

78,630 is divisible by 2 and by 5. ........................................

2 and 5 are divisors of 465. ........................................

2 and 10 are divisors of 3 460. ........................................

13,875 is divisible by 5 and by 10. ........................................

4,830 is divisible by 2; by 5 and by 10. ........................................

4,350 is divisible by 5 and by 10. ........................................

21
2 Place the following numbers in the table below.
95 ; 112 ; 360 ; 530 ; 2,108 ; 3,205 ; 190 ; 2,003.

Numbers divisible Numbers divisible Numbers divisible Numbers

by 10 by 2 by 5 divisible by 2 and by 5

22
3 Write the first 11 even numbers divisible by 5.

4 Write the first 5 even numbers divisible by 5 and not by 2.

5 Write the first 11 numbers divisible :

by 2 : ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

by 5 : ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

by 10 : ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6 What is the missing digit so that the number 379 would be divisible by

2 and 5 ?

7 Write each of the numbers : 327 ; 792 ; 403 and 1,878 between :

a) two consecutive multiples of 10. b) two consecutive multiples of 5.

................................................................................................ ................................................................................................

23
8 Use the digits 8, 0, 5 (each digit is used only once) to form three-digit numbers
that are :

a) divisible by 2. .........................................................................................................................................................................................

b) divisible by 5. ........................................................................................................................................................................................

c) divisible by 10. .....................................................................................................................................................................................

9 Find the numbers less than 30 that if are :

a) divided by 2, give 1 as remainder. ...............................................................................................................................

b) divided by 5, give 1 as remainder. ...............................................................................................................................

c) divided by 2 and 5, give 1 as remainder. ..............................................................................................................

10 Hadi has as many male cousins as female cousins.

Their total number is less than 19 and divisible by 5.
How many female cousins does he have ?

11 a) What numbers are divisible by 2 and included between 71 and 91 ?

b) What numbers divisible by 5 and included between 71 and 91 ?

c) What numbers are divisible by 10 and included between 71 and 91 ?

24
12 I am a number greater than 51 and less than 61.
If you add 2, I will be divisible by 5.
What number am I ?
(Give all the possible solutions)

13 I am a three-digit number divisible by 10. My hundreds digit is divisible by 5. My tens

digit is 3 numbers less than my hundreds digit.
What number am I ?

25
4 Divisibility rule by 3

Activity
Calculate : 1,926 ÷ 3 = ...........................

Is the quotient exact ? ...........................

Complete : 1,926 is ...................................................... by 3.

The sum of the digits of number 1,926 is ........................... .

Is this sum divisible by 3 ? ...........................

Is the number 1,928 divisible by 3 ? ...........................

Is the sum of digits of number 1,928 divisible by 3 ? ...........................

A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

Remember

1 Write the first 11 numbers that are divisible by 3.

2 Is the number 72 divisible by 3 ? Justify.

3 Is the number 657 divisible by 3 ? Justify.

4 The sum of digits of the number 13 is 8.

What is its ones digit ? .........................................................................................................................................................

Is the number divisible :

by 3 ? ............................................ by 2 ? ............................................ by 5 ? ............................................

26
5 The number 85 is divisible by 3.
Find the missing digit (give the three possibilities).

6 The number 86 is divisible by 3.

Find the missing digit (give all the possibilities).

7 The number 87 is divisible by 3.

Find the missing digit (give the four possibilities).

8 I am a number included between 54 and 67, divisible by 2 ; by 5 and by 3.

What number am I ? ..........................................................................................................................................................................

9 The number 4 3 is divisible by 3 and by 5. The ones digit is not 5.

Find the missing digits (give all the solutions).

10 Using the digits 5 ; 0 ; 9 ; 4 without repetition, write :

a) The smallest four-digit number : ...............................................................................................................................

b) The smallest four-digit number divisible by 2 : ......................................................................................

c) The greatest four-digit number divisible by 3 : .......................................................................................

d) The greatest four-digit number divisible by 5 but not divisible by 2 :

e) The greatest four-digit number neither divisible by 5 nor by 2 : ......................................

27
5 Divisibility rule by 9

Activity
Calculate : 3,735 ÷ 9 = ...........................

Is the quotient exact ? ...........................

Complete : 3,735 is ...................................................... by 9.

The sum of the digits of number 3,735 is ........................... .

Is the sum divisible by 9 ? ...........................

Is the number 3,735 divisible by 9 ?

Is the sum of digits of the number 3,735 , divisible by 9 ? ...........................

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.

Remember

1 Write the first 11 numbers that are divisible by 9.

2 Is the number 1,282 divisible by 9 ? Justify.

3 Is the number 52,730 divisible by 9 ? Justify.

4 Is the number 830,934 divisible by 9 ? Justify.

5 Find all the numbers divisible by 9 :

a) included between 150 and 170 : ....................................................................................................................................

b) included between 2,000 and 2,020 : ..........................................................................................................................

c) having 36 as the number of tens : ................................................................................................................................

28
6 The number 15,34 is divisible by 9.
Find the missing digit.

7 The number 4,37 ,256 is divisible by 9.

Find the missing digit (give the two possibilities).

8 a) Find the smallest three-digit number, with different digits, divisible by 9.

b) Find the greatest three-digit number, with different digits, divisible by 9.

9 a) I am the greatest three-digit number divisible by 9 and by 10.

What number am I ? ..................................................................................................................................................................

b) I am the greatest three-digit number divisible by 9 and by 5, but not divisible

by 2.

What number am I ? ..................................................................................................................................................................

10 The number 6, 7 is divisible by 5 and by 9.

Find the missing digits (give all the solutions).

Activity
a) Complete : 256 = 3 × ........................... +1

1 is the ........................... of the .......................................... of 256 by 3.

The sum of the digits of the number 256 is : ........................... .

What is the remainder of the division of this sum by 3 ? .................

b) Complete : 256 = 9 × ........................... +4

4 is the ........................... of the .......................................... of 256 by 9.

Is the sum of the digits of the number 256 divisible by 9 ? ........................... .

What is the remainder of the division of this sum by 9 ? ................

The remainder of the division of a number by 3 (or by 9) is equal to the

Remember
remainder of the division of the sum of its digits by 3 (or by 9).

1 Example. Find the remainder of the division of

Remainder of the division of 758,257 by 3. 649,157 by 3.
7144424443
+5+8+2+5+7
34
↓
3+4
↓
7
↓
1

The remainder is 1.

Remark To find the remainder Remainder of the division of 756,598 by 3.

of the division of a 7 5 6 5 9 8
natural number by 3, delete all the
digits 3, 6 and 9 and the digits whose 12 13
the sum is a multiple of 3. ↓
1
The remainder is 1.

30
2 Example. Find the remainder of the division of
Remainder of the division of 438,175 by 9. 871,439 by 9.
4144424443
+3+8+1+7+5
28
↓
2+8
↓

10
↓
1+0
↓
1

The remainder is 1.

Remark To find the remainder Remainder of the division of 648,953 by 9.

of the division of a 6 4 8 9 5 3
natural number by 9, delete all the
digits 9 and the digits whose the sum 18 8
is a multiple of 9. ↓
8
The remainder is 8.

3 Calculate the remainder of the division of each of the following numbers by 3.

5,296,123 432,764 974,562

....................................................................... ....................................................................... .......................................................................

4 Calculate the remainder of the division of each of the following numbers by 9.

765,432 7,432,107 497,643

....................................................................... ....................................................................... .......................................................................

31
7 Divisibility rule by 4

Activity Calculate : 128 ÷ 4 = ...........................

Is the quotient exact ? ...........................

Complete : 128 is ...................................................... by 4.

Is 28 divisible by 4 ? ........................... .

Is the number 534 divisible by 4 ? ........................... .

Is 34 divisible by 4 ? ...........................

Remember A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its two last

digits on the right is divisible by 4.

1 Write the first 12 numbers divisible by 4.

2 Without carrying out the division, indicate among the following numbers those
that are divisible by 4.
3,541 ; 3,004 ; 7,812 ; 5,122 ; 5,180 ; 6,596 ; 2,500 ; 3,000.

32
3 Complete the table.

120 1,070 3,700 1,022 3,744

Divisible by 4 X

Divisible by 2 X X

Divisible by 2 and 4

Divisible by 2 and not

divisible by 4

4 The number 386,9 is divisible by 4 and by 5.

Find the missing digit (give all the possibilities).

5 The number 415,9 4 is divisible by 4.

Find the missing digit (give all the possibilities).

6 Ordinary year or leap year.

An ordinary year counts 365 days (February : 28 days).
A leap year counts 366 days (February : 29 days).
A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4.
In particular, all years that are divisible by a 100 are not leap unless if they are also
divisible by 400.
Examples : The years 1600 and 1964 are leap years.
Application : Among the years between 1990 and 2017, indicate those which are
leap years. Justify.

33
8 Dividing by a three digit number

Activity Observe and complete.

5...... 1......
471 24,963 251 26,685

The remainder is ....................... . The remainder is ........................ .

The quotient is exact. Compare the remainder

The Euclidean writing is : with 251. ................................................

24,963 = ............................................... The quotient is not exact.

The Euclidean writing is :

26,685 = ................................................

1 Calculate and write the non zero remainder.

133 4,305 201 8,442 319 32,539

Remainder : ......................... Remainder : ......................... Remainder : .........................

The Euclidean writing : The Euclidean writing : The Euclidean writing :

.................................................................... .................................................................... ....................................................................

34
2 A number divided by 135 gives 209 as an exact quotient.
What is this number ?

3 The division of a number by 241 gives 312 as a quotient and 173 as a remainder.
What is this number ?

4 Use the four numbers 2 ; 15 ; 7 and 1 to form a euclidean writing.

Same for the numbers 71 ; 3 ; 17 and 4.

5 Carry out, give the euclidean writing and indicate the exact quotient.

305 12,810 191 7,069 415 11,670

................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................

303 19,647 415 84,206 607 46,713

................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................

35
9 Angles

In the adjacent figure, we draw through x

point O the two semi-straight lines [Ox)
and [Oy).
To designate the adjacent angle, we
The
use the following notation : vertex of The sides of
O
xOy or yOx . the the angle
angle
Point O is its vertex.
The semi-straight lines [Ox) and [Oy)
y
are its sides.

m K n

A
d
The semi-straight lines [Ac) and [Ad) The semi-straight lines [Km) and [Kn)

are perpendicular : cAd is a right are opposite : mKn is a straight
angle. angle.

r
z

B v S t

zBv is an angle that is smaller than rSt is an angle that is greater than the

the right angle; zBv is an acute angle. right angle; rSt is an obtuse angle.

36
1 Observe the adjacent figure and indicate the A

angles by drawing . z

x
y

2 Observe the angles then complete the table.

x c u

A O
y d T v
f
p

S
m I n q B l

The angle xAy cOd uTv mIn pSq fBl

Its vertex

Its sides

Among the above angles, name : an acute angle, an obtuse angle, a right
angle and a straight angle.

3 Draw an acute angle of vertex O and Draw an obtuse angle of vertex I

of sides [Ou) and [Ov). and of sides [Ix) and [Iy).

37
O
4 Write all the angles of the adjacent figure.
t
..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
x
y z

5 Find two right angles, two acute angles, two obtuse angles and a straight angle
in each of the figures below.
North
A
North-West North-East
H B

I
C

D A
West East
G O C
G B

F K
O
F D
South-West South-East
E
South

6 Draw the semi-straight lines [Ax) , [Ay) , [At) , [Az)

and [Am) knowing that :

xAy is acute, xAt is obtuse,

xAz is right, xAm is straight.

38
10 Fractions less than one
Fractions greater than one

Activity Observe and complete by < or >

→ This band is divided into five equal

parts.
1
→ represent of this band
5
1
< 1
5
2
→ represent of this band
5
2
.................. 1
5
6
→ represent of this band
5
6
.................. 1.
5

Remember When the numerator of a fraction is less than the

denominator, the fraction is less than one.
a
If a < b then < 1 .
b
When the numerator of a fraction is more than the
denominator, the fraction is greater than one.
a
If a > b then > 1 .
b

1 What do you call each part of the unit when it is divided into two equal parts ?
Into 4 equal parts ?

.................................................................................................................. ; .................................................................................................................

2 Into how many parts should a unit be divided to get :

sixteenths ? ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

hundredths ? .......................................................................................................................................................................................

39
3 To get a unit, how many halves are needed ? ........................................................................................................

quarters ? ......................................................................... twentieths ? ..........................................................................

4 Write the appropriate fraction :

nine fifteenths : ................................................................. fifteen fortieths : .............................................................

thirteen twentieths : ..................................................... eight thousandths : .....................................................

three thousands : ........................................................... seven sevenths : ...........................................................

fifteen tenths : .................................................................... three halves : ....................................................................

5 Write a fraction equal to one and having :

85 for denominator : .................................................... 101 for denominator : ..............................................

307 for numerator : .................................................... 614 for numerator : ...............................................

6 Give three fractions whose the numerator is the half of the denominator.

7 Write a fraction less than one and having :

7 for denominator : ...................................................... 5 for denominator : .....................................................

9 for numerator : ...................................................... 8 for numerator : .....................................................

8 Write a fraction more than one and having :

4 for denominator : ...................................................... 10 for denominator : .................................................

3 for numerator : ...................................................... 13 for numerator : .................................................

9 Give three fractions more than one and having three as a denominator.

40
10 Write four fractions less than one and having 5 as a numerator.

11 Place the following fractions in the chart below.

8 13 9 27 98 65 104 49 7
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
17 7 9 28 105 65 99 49 6

Fractions Fractions Fractions

less than one equal to one greater than one

12 What fraction of the week remains at the end of the fourth day ?

13 A biker leaves Beirut to go to Tripoli.

The distance between Beirut and Tripoli is 80 km. Tripoli
What fraction of the road has the biker covered ? 29 km

........................................................................................................................................................

14 Draw a segment [AB] of 8 cm. Divide it into 8 equal parts. Above this segment, draw
3 9
two other segments, the first representing of [AB] and the second of [AB].
8 8

41
15 The half of a cake is divided into three equal pieces.
What fraction of the cake does each piece represent ?

..................................................................................................................................................................

16 What fraction of the year do 265 days represent ?

17 What fraction of an hour remains after 45 minutes ?

18 What fraction of the day passed :

a) at 10 o’clock in the morning ? .................. b) at 6 o’clock in the evening ? .....................

19 Complete with the largest possible number.

3+ 7–
<1 <1 < 1 > 1
3 20 6 4

18 – 90 + 120 – 10 –
> 1 < 1 > 1 > 1
10 100 100 5

20 Complete with the smallest possible number.

8+
>1 >1 >1 > 1
4 5 10 15

60 + 5× 30 + 7×
> 1 > 1 > 1 > 1
100 20 50 25

42
11 Decimal numbers
(reminder)

Activity
Observe and complete.

①
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

1
1
10
= 0.1 (one tenth)
10
5
5
10
= ........ (............................................)
10
10

10
= 1 (............................................)
10

10
11

11
= 1.1 (eleven tenths)
10

10
12

10 ........................................................................

➁
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

1
1
100
= 0.01 (one hundredths)
100
6
6
100
= ........ (............................................)
100
10

10
= ........ (............................................)
100

100
11

11
=0.11(............................................)
100

100
12

100 12
= ........ (............................................)
100

1 13 5 49 274
; ; ; ; are decimal fractions.
10 10 100 100 100

0.1 ; 1.3 ; 0.05 ; 0.49 ; 2.74 are decimal fractions.

43
1 Write the following decimal fractions in the form of decimal numbers.

135 125 3 556,794

= .............................. = .............................. = ............... = ............................................
10 10 100 100

101 1,998 13 1
= .............................. = ......................... = ................... = ........................................................
100 100 10 100

2 Write the following decimal numbers in the form of decimal fractions.

0.15 = ................................. 145.3 = ............................. 18.01 = ............................. 8.25 = .................................

0.08 = ................................. 468.19 = .......................... 130.05 = .......................... 0.4 = ....................................

3 Write in words (Example : 13.05 : Thirteen point zero five) .

0.09 : .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

300.14 : .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

650.81 : .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

261.31 : .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

3 001.71 : .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

4 Complete.

Ones The tenths The hundredths

The number
h t o digit digit

4 3 2 4.32

1.05

9 7 0

5 6 0 8

4 7 1 0 0

44
5 Complete the following chart :

The tenths The tens The hundredths The hundreds The ones
The number
digit digit digit digit digit

562.47

18.03

6.2

0.13

130.14

6 What does the digit 6 represent in each of the following numbers ?

43.6 : ....................................................... 652.41 : ................................................ 35.06 : .........................................

60.5 : ....................................................... 86.03 : ................................................ 6 001.33 : .........................................

7 Write in numbers.
Twenty ones and five hundredths : ................... Ten tens and one ones : ..................

Twelve tenths : ................... Fifty tens and six hundredths : ..................

Nine hundredths : ................... Fifty-three point one : ..................

8 Complete with the smallest number possible so that the decimal fraction is a
natural number.
13 + 59 – 16 × 128 –

10 10 10 100

235 + 121 – 125 × 50 +

100 10 10 100

9 Hadi wants to buy a bicycle that costs 350,000 L.L.

He has only the tenth of its price. How much does he still need ?

A band is divided into 1,000 equal parts .

The length of each part represents one thousandth of the

length of the band.
1
We write : and we read one thousandth .
1,000
1
is a decimal fraction which is equal to a thousandth of a
1,000
unit.
1
= 0.001 we read also zero point zero zero one.
1,000
1 is the thousandths digit.

0.001 is a decimal number which is equal to one thousandth

of a unit.

1
Same for : is a decimal fraction which is equal to ten
10,000
thousandths of a unit.
1
We write : = 0.0001 is a decimal number which is
10 000
equal to ten thousandths of a unit.

1 is the ten thousandths digit.

0.0001 is a decimal number equal to ten thousandths of a unit.

1 Write in the form of a decimal number.

3 1 347 21,543
= ......................... = ......................... = ......................... = .................................
1,000 1,000 1,000 10,000

3 15 347 38,745
= ..................... = ..................... = ..................... = .................................
10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

46
2 Complete with ≠ or =

17 135 1,998 51,000

................... 0.17 ............ 0.135 ............ 0.1998 ..................... 51
1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000

28 45 140 36,000
......... 0.0028 ................... 0.45 ................... 0.14 ..................... 36
10,000 1,000 1,000 10,000

3 Write in the form of a decimal fraction.

0.04 = .......................... 0.109 = ....................... 9.75 = .......................... 34.8733 = ..................................

0.15 = .......................... 3.245 = ....................... 6.06 = .......................... 1.0009 = .....................................

4 Complete the numeration chart.

Ones Hundredths Thousandths Ten

Tenths digit thousandths The number
h t o digit digit digit

5 7 0 4 3 5.7043

9.0571

3 2 0 1

5 Write in the form of a decimal number the thousandths of each of the following
masses.

7t 15 kg 30,000 g 900 kg

................................................ t ........................................... kg .............................................. g ........................................... kg

6 Count by thousandths from 7.357 to 7.363.

7 To have a unit, how many thousandths are needed ?

47
13 Measuring angles (1)

The unit of measure of an

angle is the degree : ° .
The adjacent geometric
instrument is called the
protractor.
The protractor is used to
measure the angle.

Center of the protractor

How do we measure the

adjacent angle xOy ?

Step 1
Place the center of the
protractor on O, the
vertex of the angle, and
the graduated 0° of the
protractor on one of the
sides of the angle, for
example [Oy).

Step 2
Look at the graduation
passing through the
second side [Ox).
This graduation is the
measure of the angle :

xOy = 50° .

48
1 Use your protractor to find in degrees the measure of each of the following
angles. x c
u

A y O d T v

xAy = ............................................... cOd = .............................................. uTv = ...............................................

2 Measure the angles below (if necessary extend their sides) and complete.

O z
m

y
t A B
x n

xOt = ............................................... zAy = .............................................. mBn = ............................................

s q
k h
r F D p

sIr = .................................................. kFh = .............................................. qDp = ..............................................

3 Arrange the following angles from the smallest to the largest, (use your
protractor to find their measure).O m
x
y

I n
z
A t k
s
p

B D h
r F q

49
14 Measuring angles (2)

The protractor is used to

construct an angle whose
measure is given.
How do we construct

angle xOy = 70° ?
Draw one of its sides, for
example [Ox).
Place the center of the
protractor on O, the vertex
of the angle, and the zero
of the protractor on [Ox).
Count 70° from zero and
mark a point B.
Join O to B; [OB) is the
second side [Oy) of the

angle xOy .

1 Using a protractor, construct the following angles whose measure is given.

xOy = 45° tIr = 100° mSn = 30°

uBv = 120° pDq = 180° kFh = 83°

50
2 Measure all the interior angles of the polygons below. Calculate the sum of each
one.

A BAC = .......................... ; ABC = .........................

ACB = ................................................................................

BAC + ABC + ACB = .......................................

C
....................................................................................................
B

D E
....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

G F ....................................................................................................

H I ....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

K J ....................................................................................................

M
....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

O N ....................................................................................................

P
....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

Q R ....................................................................................................

51

3 Construct an angle xOy of 75°° in each of the following cases.
x O

O x
x O

4 What angle is added to 30°° to have a right angle ?

5 Find the measure of the adjacent angle xOy . x

..................................................................................................................................
O
Construct the semi-straight line in the

interior of xOy such that xOz = 20°° .

Calculate the measure of angle yOz .

..................................................................................................................................
y

6 Measure the adjacent angle xOy .

..........................................................................................................................
x
Construct the semi-straight line [Ot)

such that yOt = 180°° .
O

Calculate the measure of angle xOt .

.......................................................................................................................... y

7 In your copybook, draw the following angles.

x t u

B
O I
y r v

8 In your copybook, construct: xOy =30° ; zAt = 2×xOy ; uBv = 3×xOy ; kMI = 4×xOy .

52
15 Equal Fractions
Simplified Fractions

The three rectangles are identical and the three coloured bands
are identical.

Complete.
........ 3 ........
of the rectangle
........ of the rectangle
........ of the rectangle
12
is light blue. is dark blue. is grey.

........ 3
of the rectangle =
........
........
of the rectangle =
........
of the rectangle:
12

4 3 1
==
12 9 3

4÷4 1 3
= Simplify
12 ÷ 4 3 9
3 ÷ ........ 1
=
we simplifyd the fraction
12
4
9 ÷ ........ 3

If we divide the numerator and the denominator of a fraction

Remember
by one common divisor, we obtain an equal fraction.
We say that we simplifyd the fraction.

1 Complete.

4 4÷2 30 ........ ÷ ........ 2 110 .....................

= = ............................. = = = = .....................
10 10 ÷ 2 45 ........ ÷ ........ .................. 100 ........ ÷ 10

21 21 ÷ 7 70 ..................... 240 ........ ÷ 120

= = ........................ = = ..................... = = ...................
35 ........ ÷ ........ 105 ........ ÷ 35 120 ........ ÷ ........

53
2 Complete by ≠ or = (if necessary, simplify).

5 1 3 1 28 25 33 44
............... ............... ............... ...............
10 2 15 5 21 20 22 24
16 4 3 1 18 24 39 3
............... ............... ............... ...............
4 3 9 6 12 16 26 2

2
3 From a chocolate bar, Diana took and her sister took the rest.
4
Compare their parts.

In a drawer, Walid found 3 bags, each containing 5 lollipops. He took 2 bags.

..........
Walid’s share is, therefore, of the bags.
..........

The number of the lollipops of the 3 bags is ................. .

Walid took .......... lollipops.

..........
Then, Walid’s share is of the lollipops.
..........

2×5

3 × 5 15
2 10 10
= =
3 15

If we multiply the numerator and the denominator of a

Remember
fraction by the same non-zero number, then we obtain an
equal fraction.

4 Complete.

2 2×3 6 25 × 100 4
= = = = = =
5 5× 15 6 × 25 100

3 3 × 10 30 17 × 7
= = = = = =
8 8× 80 4 × 12 8 1,000

5 5× 45 13 × 39 13
= = = = = =
7 7× 63 14 × 4 100
54
5 Simplify, as much as possible.

26 26 ÷ 13 27 ÷
= = = =
28 24 24 ÷ 8
15 63
= ............................................................................................ = ............................................................................................
35 56
210 304
= ......................................................................................... = .........................................................................................
330 500

6 Complete by ≠ or = .

25 5 50 10 56 7 102 4
.......... .......... .......... ..........
10 2 45 9 64 8 204 8

8 24 17 1 105 7 105 25
.......... .......... .......... ..........
3 12 34 3 90 6 96 12

7 Write the multiples of 7 included between 1 and 45.

Write the multiples of 13 included between 1 and 80.

7
Give 5 fractions equal to .
13
.................................... ; .................................... ; .................................... ; .................................... ; ....................................

7
8 Find 5 fractions equal to .
6
.................................... ; .................................... ; .................................... ; .................................... ; ....................................

8
9 Give a fraction equals to and having 20 as a numerator.
12
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

36
10 Give a fraction equals to and having the sum of the numerator and the
90
denominator equal to 28.

11 Simplify, as much as possible.

105 48 14 87 729
; ; ; ; .
42 15 42 39 630

55
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 Simplify.
24 80 90 51 6 99 1,998 999
a) ; ;
; c) ; ; ;
9 55 36 68 32 121 27 666

63 220 77 108 18 2,001 1,470 123

b) ; ; ; d) ; ; ; .
42 110 33 99 27 3 24 321

2 A farmer has 7,000 l of oil. He sold 35 barrels of 150 l each.

a) What fraction of oil did he sell ?
b) What fraction did he keep ?

3 A family spent 850,000 L.L. on a holiday. This expenditure consisted of 110,000 L.L. for
transport and 3 days at a hotel for 145,000 L.L. each.
a) What is the total amount of the other expenses ?
b) What fraction of the total expenses do transports represent ? the stay at the hotel ?
the other expenses ?

4 2.4 kg of dough is needed to prepare a cake of 2 kg.

What fraction of the dough does the rest represent ?

5 In a 20 cl glass, 10 cl of orange juice, 6 cl of pineapple juice and 4 cl of apple juice

are mixed.
What fraction of the mixture does each juice represent ?

56
16 Comparing fractions (1)
same denominator

Activity Observe and complete .

The blue band represents a The blue band represents a

unit. unit.

The red band represents ............

The red band represents ............

............ ............
of the blue band. of the blue band.

The yellow band represents The yellow band represents

............ ............
of the blue band. of the blue band.
............ ............

Which is the smallest, the red Which is the greatest, the red

band or the yellow band ? band or the yellow band ?

................................................................................ ................................................................................

............ ............
............ ............
then > .
then < . ............ ............
............ ............

If two fractions have the same denominator, then the one

Remember
with a smaller numerator is smaller than the other fraction.

1 Compare the fractions.

4 6 13 11 21 17 25 3
............... ............... ............... ............... .
7 7 9 9 35 35 25 3

57
2 Simplify then compare.

1 2 20 6 27 8 15 24
............... ............... ............... ...............
6 12 35 7 45 20 27 54

................................................. ................................................. ................................................. ..................................................

3 Write the following fractions in increasing order.

1 10 3 18 20 12 1 10 36
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
7 14 7 21 35 15 5 25 30

4 4 5 14 3 16 36 36
; ; ; ; ; ; .
12 6 3 6 11 11 66 33

4 Complete with a suitable number.

2 ... 12 1 2 9 3 ... 25
<< << <<
5 5 15 8 ... 24 11 11 55

3 ... 10 10 ... 35 6 ... 25

<< << <<.
8 8 16 22 11 55 26 13 65

5 Simplify then place the following fractions on a number line.

10 16 27 18 2 16
; ; ; ; ; .
35 28 21 21 14 14

2 10

14 35

58
6 Place the decimal fractions on a number line.

30 2 5 110 20 15
; ; ; ; ; .
100 5 10 100 100 25

20 30

100 100

7 4 3
From a bag containing marbles, Diana took and Mona took .
10 5

Who took less marbles ? Justify.

8 Nabil bought a television set, a radio and a tape recorder. The price of the radio is
30 2
of that of the television set; the price of the recorder is of that the television
100 5
set.

Which is the cheapest apparatus ? Justify.

59
17 Comparing fractions (2)
same numerator

Activity Observe and complete .

The red part represent

............
of the first band.
............

The blue part

represents ............
of the second band.
............

Which of the two parts is the smallest ? .......................................................

then ............
< .
............

............ ............

If two fractions have the same numerator, then the smallest

Remember
is the one with the greater denominator.

1 Compare the fractions.

13 13 7 7 3 12 3 12 7 28
............... ............... ............... ............... ...............
5 78 9 8 4 16 4 20 20 40
14 28 10 5 400 100 35 25 26 13
............... ............... ............... ............... ............... .
15 34 16 3 100 20 28 15 18 9

2 Write, in increasing order, seven fractions less than one and having 9 as a
numerator.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3 Arrange in increasing order.

3 9 3 12 6 12 40 70 55
; ; ; ; ; ;
4 21 5 10 7 34 80 210 220
................................................................... ................................................................... ...................................................................

7 7 42 3 18 9 4 16 20
; ; ; ; ; ; .
6 8 18 4 12 15 7 20 15
................................................................... ................................................................... ...................................................................

60
18 Comparing fractions

Activity 3 5
Let us compare and .
4 6
First method Second method

Reduce same to the Reduce to the same

3 15
numerator : = denominator :
4 ..................
3 ..................
5 15 =
and = . 4 12
6 ..................
5 ..................
15 15 and = .
Compare and 6 12
20 18
9 10
Compare and
......................................................................... 12 12

3 5
so < . .........................................................................

4 6
3 5
so < .
4 6

To compare two fractions, start by reducing to the same

Remember numerator or to the same denominator.

1 Complete.

The given fractions Writing them with the same denominator Comparing

3 7
and ....................................................... and ....................................................... .................................
4 8
7 9
and ....................................................... and ....................................................... .................................
3 5
5 7
and ....................................................... and ....................................................... .................................
8 10
12 14
and ....................................................... and ....................................................... .................................
7 9

61
2 Complete.

The given fractions Writing them with the same numerator Comparing

2 3
and ....................................................... and ....................................................... .................................
3 4
4 3
and ....................................................... and ....................................................... .................................
7 5
13 3
and ....................................................... and ....................................................... .................................
9 2

3 Simplify, reduce to the same denominator, then compare.

45 18 35 17 10 36
and and and
25 10 25 30 80 40

................................................................... ................................................................... ...................................................................

4 Simplify, reduce to the same numerator, then compare.

14 18 33 55 12 11
and and and
35 24 27 35 36 55

................................................................... ................................................................... ...................................................................

5 Compare each fraction to 1, then arrange by using the symbol <

2 5 17 25 123 101
, , ,
3 4 23 18 79 138

................................................................... ................................................................... ...................................................................

6 In each of the following cases, show which fraction is greater.

7 11 2 4 14 7
and : .......................... and : ...................... and : .............................
12 18 97 191 15 6

................................................................... ................................................................... ...................................................................

62
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

20
1 Simplify the fraction . Can you find an equal fraction having 45 as
75
denominator ?

42
2 Find all the fractions equal to and whose numerator and denominator are less
84
than 10.

1
3 In each of the following cases, find a fraction equal to .
7
a) the numerator is equal to 20.
b) the denominator is equal to 126.

4 From all the fractions smaller than 1 and having as numerator and denominator
two of the following four numbers : 3, 5, 8 and 12.

5 From all the fractions greater than 1 and having as numerator and denominator
two of the following four numbers : 2, 5, 7 and 9.

3 2
6 of the students in a class practice football and practice volleyball.
8 5
Which group is larger ?

3 7
7 Two barrels have the same capacity. The first contains and the second .
4 8
Which barrel contains less liquid ?

5
8 In a race, a contestant accomplished of the course before withdrawing. Another
9
4
accomplished .
7
Which one resisted more ?

2 4
9 Two fields are identical; of the first and of the second are plowed.
3 5
Which one has a greater plowed surface ?

63
19 Comparing decimals

Activity

① Write the numbers 13.5 and 12.9 in a form of decimal

fractions :

13.5 = ..................................... 12.9 = .............................................. .

Compare these decimal fractions :

.....................................................................................................................................................................

Then deduce the comparison of the numbers 13.5

and 12.9.

.....................................................................................................................................................................

13.5
whole part decimal part

12.9

Remember The greater of two decimals is the one with the greater whole part.

➁ Write the numbers 12.31 and 12.8 in a form of decimal

fractions with same denominator :
............................... ...............................
12.31 = 12.8 = .
............................... ...............................

Compare these decimal fractions :

.....................................................................................................................................................................

Then deduce the comparison of the numbers 12.31 and

12.8.

.....................................................................................................................................................................

Remember If two decimals have the same whole part, then the greater is the one with
the greater decimal part; after reducing the decimal part to the same
number of digits, and adding zeros if necessary.

64
1 Delete the unnecessary zeros and write the number.

3.50 = ................... 01500 = ................... 12.800 = ................... 1.10 000 = ................................

03.03 = ................... 00.010 = ................... 60.5000 = ................... 1.00010 = ................................

2 Complete by < or >

14.15 ................... 11.153 0.146 ................... 0.1452 18.9 ................... 18.09

13.165 ................... 13.201 116.1 ................... 116.09 132.4 ................... 133.95

3 Compare.

152 35,900 45
................... 15.2 35.9 ................... 0.0045 ...................
100 1,000 100

1 ................... 0.9 0.75 ................... 1 1.001 ................... 1

4 Arrange the following decimals from smallest to largest.

0.14 ; 0.142 ; 0.13 ; 0.215 ; 0.291 ; 0.295 ; 0.09 .

5 Arrange the following decimals in descending order.

13.324 ; 13.325 ; 13.4 ; 13.2569 ; 13.33 ; 13.099 .

6 Given the number 73,659 ; place a decimal point to obtain :

a) a number less than 10 : .............................................................................................................................................................

b) a number included between 100 and 1,000 : ....................................................................................................

65
7 Compare by using the symbols > or <

63
12.5 and : ....................................................................................................................................................................................
5
38
12.5 and : ....................................................................................................................................................................................
3
19
6.1 and : ........................................................................................................................................................................................
3
8
and 1.14 : ........................................................................................................................................................................................
7
23
and 2.24 : ....................................................................................................................................................................................
7

58 18
8 Place the following numbers on a number line : 3.4 ; ; ; 2.5 .
20 5

2 3 4

9 Can you find a number with one decimal included between 2.5 and 2.6 ?

10 Can you find a number with two decimals included between 3.64 and 3.65 ?

11 Attention

For example, to insert three numbers of two decimals between 6.4 and 6.5
we write : 6.4 = 6.40 and 6.5 = 6.50 ; where :
6.40 < 6.41 < 6.42 < 6.49 < 6.50.

Insert five numbers formed of two decimals between 0.1 and 0.2.

12 Insert four numbers formed of two decimals between 2.1 and 2.15.

66
13 Insert three numbers formed of three decimals between 5.12 and 5.126.

14 Write nine numbers of four decimals included between 7.321 and 7.322.

15 Write each of the following numbers between the closest two numbers formed
of two decimals.

.................. < 3.542 < .................. .................... < 0.207 < ................... ......................... < 1.569 < ..........................

.................. < 0.193 < .................. .................. < 5.4921 < .................. ...................... < 2.09774 < ......................

16 Attention

Rounding a decimal to a whole number means finding the nearest whole number
to it. If its tenths digit is 5, then we round to the next whole number.

1 1.5 2 2.5 3

1.6 ; 0.9 ; 1.495 ; 2.1 ; 1.855 ; 2.7

The dots represent the places of the above numbers.

Match each circled number with the appropriate dot.
Round the following numbers to the nearest whole number.

1.6 : ..................................................... 1.495 : .............................................. 1.855 : ..............................................

0.9 : ..................................................... 2.1 : ..................................................... 2.7 : .....................................................

17 Round the following decimals to the nearest whole number :

437 15 439 4,351 501

: ....................... : ....................... : ....................... : ....................... : .......................
100 10 10 10,000 1,000

67
20 Addition and subtraction
of decimals
Reminder

① To add two or more decimals, line up ➁ To subtract two decimals, line up the
the decimal points, write, if necessary, decimal points, write, if necessary,
zeros in the decimal part, then add. zeros in the decimal part, then subtract.

141.79 + 26 + 13.735 68.71 – 46.652

141.790
+ 26.000 68.710
+ 13.735 – 46.652
181.525 22.058

then : then :
141.79 + 26 + 13.735 = 181.525 68.71 – 46.652 = 22.058

1 Calculate.
7.641
642.58 4359.13 875.90 + 659.870
+ 637.75 + 986.80 + 34.27 + 86.435

.................................. ...................................... .................................. ......................................

2 Set up and calculate.

342.041 + 16.318 500.783 + 39.187 752.47 + 34.95 + 69.23

68
3 Set up and calculate.

99 + 314.8 197.86 + 296 3,498 + 13.367 + 564.52

4 Calculate.
702.36 9,056.20 8,104.13 5,010,00
– 49.04 – 967.47 – 768,00 –3,467.38

.................................. ...................................... ...................................... .......................................

5 Set up and calculate.

461.812 – 78.9 3,002.8 – 875.96 10,507 – 9,677.4

6 Work out without setting up.

7.4 + 1 = ............... 13.8 + 1 = ............... 5.82 + 1 = ........................... 12.345 + 1 = ...........................

3.7 + 1 = ............... 25.3 + 1 = ............... 99.99 + 1 = ........................... 9.871 + 1 = ...........................

2.8 + 1 = ............... 63.3 + 1 = ............... 999.99 + 1 = ........................... 99.999 + 1 = ...........................

7 Work out without setting up.

8.4 – 2 = ........................................ 19.61 – 3.21 = .........................................

27.67 – 14.67 = ........................................ 5.8 – 3 = .........................................

25.87 – 3.23 = ........................................ 300.17 – 19.07 = .........................................

9.2 – 9 = ........................................ 99.56 – 9.45 = .........................................

69
8 In each case, find the whole number to complete the equation.

7.2 + = 9.2 18.7 + = 19.7 27.82 + = 30.82

8.6 + = 11.6 13.55 + = 18.55 125.73 + = 150.73.

9 In each case, find the decimal to complete the equation.

4.2 + = 4.3 13.5 + = 15.8 125.11 + = 125.12

35.04 + = 35.09 6.7 + = 6.8 25.3 + = 30.6

60.61 + = 66.62 52.16 + = 55.26 347.20 + = 350.30.

10 Complete.

0.3 + 0.7 = ................................. 0.45 + 0.55 = ................................. 0.32 + 0.68 = .................................

0.75 + 0.25 = ................................. 0.35 + 0.65 = ................................. 0.38 + 0.62 = .................................

1 – 0.5 = ................................. 1 – 0.25 = ................................. 1 – 0.01 = .................................

11 Complete.

1.45 + 3.55 = ................................. 7.3 + 2.70 = ................................. 13.45 + 7.55 = .............................

4.4 + 11.6 = ................................. 5.75 + 3.25 = ................................. 17.32 + 2.68 = .............................

3.5 – 1.5 = ................................. 9.2 – 6.2 = ................................. 12.93 – 2.93 = .............................

12 Set up and calculate.

73.57 + 24.43 46.82 – 27.9 39.9 – 27.27

70
13 Set up and calculate.

345.121 + 24.13 800 – 399.999 819 – 415.007

14 Complete.

100 – = 2.75 100 – = 81.81 1 000 – = 0.1

100 – = 13.13 1 000 – = 13.3 100 – = 0.99.

15 Set up and calculate.

23.73 + 14.64 14.64 + 23.73 8.173 + 6.213 6.213 + 8.173

What do you notice ?

Remember During addition, the order of the decimal numbers does not
affect the sum.

71
16 Set up and calculate.

(2.51 + 3.16) + 5.27 2.51 + (3.16 + 5.27)

(16.8 + 13.24) + 15.2 16.8 + (13.24 + 15.2)

What do you notice ?

To facilitate the addition of several decimal numbers we can

Remember
group them in groups of two.

72
17 Calculate.

5 + (0.5 + 0.5) = ....................................................... (0.4 + 0.6) + 1 = .......................................................

(0.3 + 0.7) + 6 = ....................................................... 4 + (0.25 + 0.75) = ......................................................

(0.2 + 0.8) + 7 = ....................................................... (0.35 + 0.65) + 4 = ......................................................

18 Group appropriately and calculate.

0.65 + 0.35 + 0.9 = ...................................................... 7.4 + 3.64 + 9.36 = .....................................................

3.7 + 2.48 + 1.52 = ...................................................... 2.15 + 4.85 + 3.8 = .....................................................

12.64 + 1.71 + 3.29 = ...................................................... 6.9 + 1.44 + 4.56 = .....................................................

8.92 + 4.7 + 1.08 = ...................................................... 0.73 + 0.88 + 0.27 = .....................................................

14.31 + 9.4 + 3.69 = ...................................................... 2.24 + 3.5 + 7.76 = .....................................................

19 AB = 3.65 m. B C
BC is 9 dm longer than AB.

CD is 125 cm longer than BC.

A
a) Calculate BC and CD.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
D
b) Calculate, in meters, the distance from

A to D passing through B and C.

1 To make curtains, Julie needs 19.5 m of material.

The salesman gives her 2.35 m more.
What is the length of the material that Julie gets ?

2 Nada weighs herself alone; the scale indicates 43.5 kg.

Then, she weighs herself with her cat in her arms; the scale indicates 48.69 kg.
What is the mass of the cat ?

3 Diana is thinking of a number. She adds 16.82 , to this number, then subtracts 6.12
and gets 19.
What is the number Diana is thinking of ?

4 Hoda wants to sew a skirt and a dress.

For the skirt, she needs 0.85 m of material and for the dress 1.5 m more.
What length of the material should Hoda buy ?

5 To water the garden, Nabil thought of using a hose 7.5 m long. Since the length was
not enough to reach the end of the garden, Nabil added two pieces of hose : the first
2.35 m and the second 1.75 m.
What is the new length of the watering hose ?

6 Hadi measures 0.2 m less than Jana, who measures 0.15 m less than Rola. The last
one measures 1.49 m.
Find Jana’s and Hadi’s height.

7 At the market, I bought 1.84 kg of beef, 0.275 kg of cheese, 4.5 kg of fruit, 1.75 kg
cabbage and 2.35 kg of carrots.
How many kilograms did I buy ?

74
8 The figure below shows the sketch of a garden.
Calculate the garden’s perimeter.

17.53 m

3.9 m
entrance 8m
5.2 m
4.25 m exit

8.32 m
10.4 m

9 From 6.38 m of material, a tailor uses 1.35 m; 225 cm and 1,450 mm.
Does he still have enough material to sew a jacket of 1.85 m ?

10 A biker should cover 201.2 km in three days.

He covers 76.5 km the first day and 7,800 m less the second day.
How much does he still have to cover the third day ?

11 A sugar bag weighs 100 kg. A merchant sells 42.75 kg to a customer and 14.85 kg to
another.
Can the merchant sell 35 kg of this bag to a third customer ?

12 The perimeter of a garden is 305.75 m. To fence it, three thread rolls of 150 m each
are used.
a) How much thread remains ?
b) If we want to fence the garden with a second row, how much thread do we still
need ?

75
21 The distance between
two parallel lines

Activity
Observe the two x y
adjacent parallel lines
(xy) and (zt).
Place a point A on z t
(xy).
Use the T-square to construct line (D) passing through A and perpendicular to
(zt). Verify that (D) is perpendicular to (xy).
(D) cuts (zt) at B; place point B.
Use your graduated ruler then complete : AB = mm = .......... cm. ..........

AB is the distance between the two parallel lines (xy) and (zt).

Attention
(AB) is perpendicular to (xy) and to (zt).

1 In each of the following cases, choose a point on one of the two parallel lines,
draw a perpendicular line passing through this point to the other line, then
measure the distance between these two parallel lines.
u v x
y
z
m n t

The distance between (uv) and (mn) = ......... mm. ..............................................................................................................

a c g

h
b d
t

76 .............................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................
2 In each of the following cases, identify the distance of the parallel lines.
AC E M
J
K P
R
I

H L
B D F G N
Q

.................................................................... .................................................................... ....................................................................

3 Use the T-square to measure the

distance from each of the points A, B, C, (d)
and E to (d).

The distance from A to (d) is ............................. mm. E

B
........................................................................................................................

A
........................................................................................................................

C
........................................................................................................................

Draw line (AB). What can you say about

lines (AB) and (d) ? .............................................................

Draw line (CE). What can you say about

lines (CE) and (d) ? .............................................................

What can you say about the three lines (AB), (d) and (CE) ? ...............................................

4 Let (D) be a straight line and A a point not A

belonging to (D).
AB is the distance from A to (D).
Place a point C above (D) such that the
distance from C to (D) equals to AB. What
B (D)
can you say about lines (AC) and (D) ?

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
77
To construct a line passing through a point A and parallel to a line (D)
Remember :
measure the distance from A to (D),
take on the side of A a point C such that the distance from C to
(D) equals to that from A to (D),
draw line (AC).
(AC) is a line passing through A and parallel to (D).

5 Draw through A the parallel to (D) in each of the following cases.

A
(D)
A
(D)

(D)

B
6 Draw (D1) passing through A and parallel
to (D), A

(D2) passing through B and parallel to (D),

(D)
(D3) passing through E and parallel to (D),

(D4) passing through F and parallel to (D).

What can you say about lines (D), (D1), E

(D2), (D3) and (D4) ? .............................................................. F

..........................................................................................................................

78
7 (D1), (D2), (D3) and (D4) are four parallel straight
lines. The distance between two successive
lines is 1.5 cm.
Write all the possible couples of parallel
lines, each time indicating their distance. (D1) (D2) (D3) (D4)

(D1), (D2) : their distance is equal to 1.5 cm;

8 Observe the adjacent figure. A (D1)

Construct line (D3) passing through A and
perpendicular to (D2).
(D2)
Using your set-square, verify that (D3) and
(D1) are perpendicular.
What can you say about (D1) and (D2) ? ..........................................................................................................

Observe the adjacent figure.

Construct line (D6) passing through B and B

perpendicular to (D5). (D4)

Using your set-square, verify that (D6) and
(D4) are not perpendicular. (D5)

Are lines (D4) and (D5) parallel ? ................................................................................................................................

Attention
To know if two lines (xy) and (zt) are parallel : (D)
take a point on one of them (for example (xy)), x A y
construct line (D) passing through this point and perpendicular to
(zt), z t

if (D) is perpendicular to (xy), then (xy) and (zt) are parallel.

79
9 In each of the following cases, do the same as the preceding exercise to know
if (xy) and (zt) are parallel.

x
x
x y z z

z t

y t
y
t

....................................................................... ....................................................................... .......................................................................

(d)
10 Observe the line (d).
Construct a line parallel to (d), of a
distance 2 cm from (d).
Are there others ? If yes, construct them.

11 The distance between the two

x y
parallel lines (xy) and (zt) is 5 cm,
that between the parallel lines (zt)
and (uv) is 3 cm.
Draw the figure (there are two
possibilities).
What can you say about the
lines (xy) and (uv) ? What is
their distance ?
x y
..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................
80
12 Draw two parallel lines (D1) and (D2)
having a distance of 6 cm.
Draw the segments [AB], [CD], [EF]
and [GH] each having one extremity
on (D1) and another on (D2) and such
that one of them is perpendicular to
(D1) and to (D2).
Measure the length of each of the
drawn segments.

............................................................................................................

Which segment is the shortest ?

What does it represent ?

............................................................................................................

13 Observe the adjacent figure.

Measure the length of each of the segments [AB], [CD], [EF] and [GH].

(D1)
....................................................................................................
A C E G

....................................................................................................

Are (D1) and (D2) parallel ?

(D2) B D F H

....................................................................................................

14 Observe the adjacent figure.

Measure the length of each of the segments [AB] and [CD].

.................................................................................................... x
A y
Are lines (xy) and (zt) parallel ? C

....................................................................................................
B D
z t
81
22 Multiplying by
10 ; 100 or 1,000

Activity
Observe.

3 × 10 = 30 4 × 100 = 400 2 × 1,000 = 2,000

0.3 × 10 = 3 0.4 × 100 = 40 0.2 × 1,000 = 200
0.03 × 10 = 0.3 0.04 × 100 = 4 0.02 × 1,000 = 20

To multiply a decimal number by 10 , move the decimal point one digit to

the right.
To multiply a decimal number by 100 , move the decimal point two digits
to the right.
To multiply a decimal number by 1,000 , move the decimal point three
digits to the right.
Remember
Use zeros if necessary.

1 Calculate.

21.4 × 10 = ....................... 45.2 × 100 = ....................... 2.004 × 1,000 = ..........................

0.9 × 10 = ....................... 10.01 × 100 = ....................... 1.05 × 1,000 = ..........................

0.1 × 10 = ....................... 0.01 × 100 = ....................... 0.01 × 1,000 = ..........................

2 Complete.

3.5 × ....................... = 35 0.01 × ....................... = 0.1 1.05 × ....................... = 105

0.02 × ....................... = 2 0.140 × ....................... = 14 0.1 × ....................... = 1

4.06 × ....................... = 40.6 6.4 × ....................... = 640 0.09 × ....................... = 90.

82
23 Dividing by
10 ; 100 or 1,000

Activity

Observe and complete.

5.3 × 10 = 53 5.3 × 100 = 530 5.3 × 1,000 = 5,300

53 ÷ 10 = ............ 530 ÷ 100 = ............ 5,300 ÷ 1,000 = ............

To divide a number by 10, by 100 or by 1,000, place the decimal point

leaving one, two or three digits in the decimal part.
Remember (Use zeros if necessary).

3.45 × 10 = 34.5 3.45 × 100 = 345 3.45 × 1,000 = 3,450

34.5 ÷ 10 = ............ 345 ÷ 100 = ............ 3,450 ÷ 1,000 = ............

To divide a decimal number by 10, by 100 or by 1,000, move the decimal

point one, two or three digits to the left.
Remember (Use zeros if necessary).

1 Work out.

35 ÷ 10 = .................... 0.1 ÷ 10 = .................. .................... ÷ 10 = 0.09 0.1 × 10 = ....................

6.9 ÷ 10 = .................... 10 ÷ 10 = .................. .................... ÷ 10 = 3 20.5 × 10 = ....................

0.4 ÷ 10 = .................... 200 ÷ 10 = .................. .................... ÷ 10 = 0.5 0.01 × 10 = ....................

83
2 Work out.

358 ÷ 100 = ........................ 0.1 ÷ 100 = ........................... 10 ÷ 100 = ........................

0.25 × 100 = ........................ 37 ÷ 1,000 = ........................... 1,000 ÷ 100 = ........................

10 ÷ 100 = ........................ 2.5 × 100 = ........................... 4.5 ÷ 100 = ........................

504.1 ÷ 100 = ........................ ........................... ÷ 100 = 1 0.025 × 100 = ........................

1 ÷ 100 = ........................ 32.9 ÷ 100 = ........................... ........................... ÷ 100 = 0.1

3 Work out.

4 962 ÷ 1,000 = ...................... 5 ÷ 100 = ...................... 56,000 ÷ 1,000 = ......................

0.1 × 1,000 = ...................... 503 ÷ 1,000 = ...................... 1,000 ÷ 1,000 = ......................

32 040 ÷ 1,000 = ...................... 0.01 × 1,000 = ...................... 74 ÷ 1,000 = ......................

100 ÷ 100 = ...................... 1 ÷ 1,000 = ...................... 7.2 × 1,000 = ......................

1 ÷ 100 = ...................... 10 ÷ 1,000 = ...................... 150 ÷ 1,000 = ......................

4 Complete the table.

5 7 39 40 500 8 720 1
Decimal fraction
10 100 10 10 10 1,000 1,000 1,000

Decimal number

5 Complete the table.

Decimal number 1.7 3.82 5.09 1.004 1 0.1 0.01 0.005

Decimal fraction

6 A number multiplied by 1,000 gives 1. What is this number ?

84
7 Complete.
34 ÷ ..................... = 3.4 1÷ ..................... = 0.01 12.01 ÷ ..................... = 1.201

0.56 × ..................... = 56 1.40 × ..................... = 14 60.504 × ................. = 60,504

8 Tick the products and the quotients that are integers.

0.21 × 100 504 ÷ 10 620 ÷ 10

3.50 × 10 2.359 × 1,000 400 ÷ 10

1,200 ÷ 100 0.2 ÷ 10 0.001 × 100

9 A car consumes 98.43 liters of essence per 1,000 km.

How much does it consume per km ?

How much liters does it consume in 100 km ?

10 100 meters of iron wire weigh 45 kg.

What is the mass of one meter of iron wire ?

11 A merchant puts 1,355 lollipops in boxes of 100 lollipops each.

How many boxes does he use ?

12 A cook prepares jam. She uses 6.5 kg of apricots to which she adds 3,600 g of sugar.
After the cooking, she fills the jam in a jar weighing 900 g. When the jar is full it
weighs 8.3 kg.
Calculate the mass of jam lost during the cooking ?

85
24 Multiplying decimals
Operator technique

Activity
Observe.

Technique
×
1.3
2.4
two decimals

5 2
2 6
3.1 2 two decimals

To multiply two decimal numbers :
do the multiplication ignoring the decimal point.
place the point in the result so that the number of digits to the right would be
Remember equal to the sum of the number of digits in the decimal parts.

1 Calculate.

1.63 34.6 0.39 1.527

× 8 × 7 × 6 × 9

........................... ........................... ........................... ..............................

2 Set up and calculate.

85.8 × 19

103.7 × 128

13.5 × 8

125.43 × 16

86
3 Calculate : 16 × 25 = ..................................

Deduce : 16 × 2.5 = ................................ 16 × 0.25 = .................................... 25 × 1.6 = ..................................

4 Calculate : 163 × 17 = ..............................

Deduce : 16.3 × 17 = ............................ 163 × 170 = .................................. 163 × 0.17 = ...........................

5 Using the given products, calculate the other product.

307 × 45 = 13,815 213 × 27 = 5,751 3,009 × 132 = 397,188

30.7 × 4.5 = ............................. 21.3 × 2.7 = ................................. 30.09 × 13.2 = .................................

3.07 × 0.45 = ........................ 2.13 × 2.7 = ................................. 300.9 × 1.32 = .................................

0.307 × 4.5 = .......................... 21.3 × 0.027 = .......................... 3.009 × 0.132 = ..............................

6 Calculate.

13.5 × 17 = ............................... 625 × 13.8 = ............................... 456 × 13 = ...........................................

135 × 1.7 = ........................... 625 × 138 = ................................. 456 × 1.3 = ..........................................

1.35 × 17 = ............................... 6.25 × 138 = ............................... 456 × 0.13 = ......................................

135 × 0.17 = ........................... 62.5 × 138 = ............................... 4.56 × 13 = ..........................................

7 What is the double of 56 ? ........................................................................................................................................................

Deduce that of 5.6 and of 0.56. ............................................................................................................................................

8 Calculate.
3.7 30.56 4.8 9.08 2.17

× 4.3 × 4.07 × 9.2 × 8.04 × 0.92

87
9 Calculate.

30 × 0.1 = .......................... 500 × 0.01 = ............................. 9,263 × 0.001 = .....................................

7 × 0.1 = .......................... 38 × 0.01 = ............................. 787 × 0.001 = .....................................

69 × 0.1 = .......................... 6 × 0.01 = ............................. 3,000 × 0.001 = .....................................

10 Calculate.

0.5 × 0.1 = ......................... 0.4 × 0.01 = ............................. 0.19 × 0.001 = ......................................

1.3 × 0.1 = ......................... 5.02 × 0.01 = ............................. 30.25 × 0.001 = ......................................

0.04 × 0.1 = ...................... 24.1 × 0.01 = ............................. 8,547.3 × 0.001 = ......................................

11 Complete the table.

The number × 0.1 ÷ 10 × 0.01 ÷ 100 × 0.001 ÷ 1,000

5,783

605

30.6

0.25

Observe the results and deduce the following rules :

to multiply by 0.1 is the same as to divide by .....................................................................................................

to multiply by 0.01 is the same as to ............................................................................................................................

to multiply by 0.001 is the same as to .........................................................................................................................

88
12 Observe the example and complete :

43 × 0.2 = 43 × (2 × 0.1) = (43 × 2) × 0.1 = 86 × 0.1 = 8.6.

For example, to multiply a number by 0.2 , we multiply this number by 2 and we

Remember divide the product obtained by 10.

17 × 0.2 = .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

35 × 0.6 = .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

2.4 × 0.3 = ........................................................................................................................................................................................................

0.32 × 0.4 = ....................................................................................................................................................................................................

3.27 × 0.5 = ....................................................................................................................................................................................................

13 Observe the example and complete :

4.9 × 0.02 = 4.9 × (2 × 0.01) = (4.9 × 2) × 0.01 = 9.8 × 0.001 = 0.098.

For example, to multiply a number by 0.02 , we multiply this number by 2 and

Remember we divide the product obtained by 100.

27 × 0.03 = ......................................................................................................................................................................................................

2.31 × 0.04 = .................................................................................................................................................................................................

0.7 × 0.07 = ....................................................................................................................................................................................................

Deduce a rule to multiply a number by 0.005.

Complete.

13 × 0.005 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

21.7 × 0.002 = .............................................................................................................................................................................................

89
14 Each kg of lamb’s leg costs 13,250 L.L.

What is the price of 1.75 kg ?

15 Dad bought 0.750 kg of cheese for 18,550 L.L. each kg and 0.5 kg of coffee for

13,750 L.L.

How much did he pay ?

90
16 To bring water to a garden from the spring, a farmer used 32 pipes of 3.5 m each and
17 pipes of 2.75 m each.
What is the distance from the garden to the spring ?

17 What is the price of 0.75 m of fabric if the meter costs 31,500 L.L. ?

18 What quantity of water do 163 bottles of 1.25 l each contain ?

19 Mineral water is delivered in boxes of 34 bottles of 1.5 l each.

What quantity of mineral water is transported in a truck loaded with 209 boxes ?

20 With an electric wire of 325 m, we can make 100 extension cords.

How many meters of electric wire are needed to prepare 20 extension cords ?

91
21 A photo 52 cm long and 36 cm wide is to be framed with a rod worth 6,750 L.L. the
meter.
What should the length of the rod be ?

How much is paid if the cost of labor is 3,500 L.L. ?

22 One meter of iron wire weighs 2.75 kg.

Calculate the mass of wires of lengths 0.5 m and 102.5 m.

23 A shopkeeper bought 75.35 kg of pears for 1,750 L.L. each kg. He sold 47.65 kg for
2,650 L.L. each kg and the rest for 750 L.L. each kg.
What is the total selling price ?
Did he gain or lose ? How much ?

92
24 The length of a rectangular piece of land is 88.40 m and the width measures 23.55 m
less than its length.
1) Calculate the width and the perimeter of the piece of land.

2) When fencing the land, we leave 3.5 m as entrance. This fence is made of 5 rows
of barbed wire.
What is the length of the barbed wire needed ?

3) What is the price of barbed wire if the meter costs 90.5 L.L. ?

25 Observe.

8.3 > 1 0.6 < 1

1.4 × 8.3 = 11.62 1.4 × 0.6 = 0.84
11.62 > 1.4. Then 1.4 × 8.3 > 1.4 0.84 < 1.4. Then 1.4 × 0.6 < 1.4.
Complete by less or greater.

Multiplying a number n by a number greater than 1, we obtain a number ......................................

than n.

Multiplying a number n by a number less than 1, we obtain a number ......................................

than n.

Without calculating, compare by using one of the symbols < , > or =

37.08 × 0.5 .................... 37.08 37.08 × 1.51 .................... 37.08

97.13 × 37.8 .................... 97.13 97.13 × 0.98 .................... 97.13

102.1 × 1 .................... 102.1 102.1 × 0.99 .................... 102.1

93
25 Multiplying a number
by a multiple of 10, 100 or 1,000
Activity
Complete.

2.314 × 20 = (2.314 × 2) × 10 = .......................................................... × 10

= ..........................................................

2.314 × 200 = (2.314 × 2) × .................. = ............................................ × ...................

= ............................................

2.314 × 2,000 = (2.314 × 2) × .................. = ................................... × ...................

= ...................................

For example, to multiply a number by 20, we multiply this number by 2 and we

Remember
multiply the product obtained by 10.

1 Calculate.

5.4 × 20 = .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

7.2 × 30 = .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

0.8 × 50 = .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1.13 × 40 = ......................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 Write a rule to multiply a number by 200.

Calculate : 7.1 × 200 = ..............................................................................................................................................................

13 × 300 = ................................................................................................................................................................

0.7 × 500 = ..............................................................................................................................................................

94
3 Write a rule to multiply a number by 2,000.

Calculate : 7 × 2,000 = ..............................................................................................................................................................

3.1 × 5,000 = .........................................................................................................................................................

2.36 × 4,000 = ......................................................................................................................................................

4 Calculate.

200 × 3.4 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................

200 × 3.47 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................

200 × 3.476 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................

35,000 × 0.04 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................

35,000 × 0.4 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................

35,000 × 0.004 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................

35,000 × 0.0004 = ..................................................................................................................................................................................

5 What is the price of 0.750 kg of meat at the rate of 20,000 L.L. each kg ?

6 One object weighs 0.0105 kg.

How much does 1 million of these objects weigh in tons ?

95
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 Each Monday, 18,000 copies of a sports magazine are printed. Each copy has a 0.4 cm thickness.
What would be the height of a pile of copies issued during a year ? (There are 52 weeks per
year).

2 Olive oil is delivered in boxes of 6 cans each. A can contains 4.9 l.

What quantity of oil does a truck, containing 200 boxes, transport ?

3 From a barrel containing 200 l of water, 45 bottles of 0.5 l each, 62 bottles of 0.75 l each, and 83
bottles of 1.25 l each are drawn off.
What is the quantity of water that remains in the barrel ?

4 A farmer surrounds a meadow having a perimeter of 783.45 m with a fence worth 2,350 L.L. per
meter.
What is the cost of the fence ?

5 Dad bought 2.750 kg of beef for 16,500 L.L. the kg and 1.5 kg of lamb meat for 28,000 L.L. the kg.
How much did he pay ?

6 A farmer loads 63 boxes, each weighing 18.5 kg, and 39 others, each weighing 12.8 kg, in a lorry
that can transport 1,250 kg.
Is the vehicle overloaded ? If yes, what is the overload ?

7 A salesman sells perfume in flasks of 0.27 l for 18,000 L.L. each and in flasks of 0.49 l for
25,000 L.L. each. A merchant orders 123 big flasks and 97 small flasks.
What quantity of perfume does he receive ?
How much should he pay ?

8 A man’s step measures 0.65 m. From his house, this man makes 1,400 steps to go to the office and
2,000 steps to go to the movies.
How far is the man’s house from the office ? from the movies ?

96
26 Measure of length
(Reminder)
The units of measure of length are :
The meter, its multiples and its submultiples.
The multiples of meter The submultiples of meter

Name kilometer hectometer decameter meter decimeter centimeter millimeter

Symbol

Each unit is 10 times the following unit.

1 m = 1,000 mm. 1 km = 1,000 m.
1 1
1 mm = m = 0.001 m 1 m = km = 0.001 km
1,000 1,000

1 Reduce.
4m= ........................... cm. 13 m 3 cm = .............................. cm. 515 mm = ...................... cm.

13 m = ....................... cm. 4 m 225 cm = .......................... cm. 13 mm = ......................... cm.

2 Change to the unit given.

200 cm = .................... m. 2,135 cm = ..................................... m. 1,357 mm = .................... m.

18 cm = ....................... m. 4,300 cm = ..................................... m. 17 mm = ............................ m.

3 Find the missing unit.

42 cm = 420 .................... 548 mm = 5.48 ............. 7,008 mm = 7 ........... and 8 ..............

7.8 cm = 78 ...................... 175 mm = 17.5 ............. 1,349 mm = 1.349 .................................

4 Change to units given.

8.25 cm = ............................. mm. 4,500 m = ............... km. 0.5 m = ........................... mm.

3.5 dam = ............................. mm. 5.5 hm = ......................... km. 2,145 dm = ................... km.

134 m = .................................... km. 0.5 km = ............................. m. 2.7 dam = ...................... km.

97
27 Metric system
Measuring capacity
The liter, the submultiples, and the multiples of liter are the units of volume.

The multiples The submultiples

of liter of liter

Name hectoliter decaliter liter deciliter centiliter milliliter

Symbol hl dal l dl cl ml

1 1 1
100 l 10 l 1l l = 0.1 l l = 0.01 l l = 0.001 l
10 100 1,000

The main unit is the liter (l).

Each unit is equal to 10 times the following unit.

The multiples of liter are the hectoliter (hl) and the decaliter (dal).

1 hl = 10 dal = 100 l or 1 l = 0.1 dal = 0.01 hl.

The submultiples of liter are the deciliter (dl), the centiliter (cl) and the milliliter (ml).

1 l = 10 dl = 100 cl = 1,000 ml ou

1 dl = 0.1 l ; 1 cl = 0.01 l ; 1 ml = 0.001 l.

These units form the metric system of capacity.

1 Complete.

5l= ....................................... dl 200 l = ................................ hl 25 dal = ................................ dl

125 l = ................................ dal 725 l = ................................ dal 16 hl = ................................... cl

2l= ....................................... cl 650 dl = ............................. l 4,300 ml = ......................... l

98
2 Complete.

3.95 dl = ........................... cl 0.275 l = ........................... cl 20 cl = ................................. dal

12.5 l = ............................... hl 78.5 dal = ........................ hl 1,200 dl = ........................ hl

1,845 ml = ...................... dl 0.05 l = ............................... cl 2 hl = .................................... ml

3 Complete.

2l = ...................................... dl = ...................................... cl = ...................................... ml.

3l = ...................................... dal = ...................................... hl.

5 hl = ...................................... dal = ...................................... l.

2 dal = ...................................... l = ...................................... dl = ...................................... cl.

4 ml = ...................................... cl = ...................................... dl = ...................................... l = ...................................... dal.

4 How many cl of oil do you need too fill 5 bottles of 1l each ?

5 A barrel containing 210 l of wine is emptied into bottles of 75 cl each.

How many bottles are filled ?

6 The unit is the liter. Write in the form of a decimal number.

3 1 3 27 837 8,579
l ; l ; 30 cl ; l ; l ; dl ; l.
5 4 10 100 1,000 10,000
............. ; ............. ; ............. ; ............. ; ............. ; ............. ; ............. .

7 A juice bottle of capacity 1.5 l is half filled. What is the volume of the juice in cl ?

99
8 A bottle contains 1.5 l of nimeral water.
Find the cpacity of 12 bottles in dl.

9 For her birthday, Rola bought 24 juice bottles of 25 cl each.

She invited 29 friends.
How many bottles should Rola also buy if each guest has the right to have 2
glasses of 0.5 l each ?

10 To fill a small pool, 52 water buckets of 10 l each are needed.

What is the capacity of the pool ?

11 A metal barrel, weighing 17.4 kg when empty, contains 0.5 hl of gasoline. One liter of
gasoline weighs 730 g.
Calculate the weight of the full barrel.

12 In a coffee shop, a juice is sold for 1,500 L.L. in a 4 dl or 1,800 L.L. in a 5 dl glass.
Calculate the selling price of one liter of juice in each case.

100
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 We connect 3 chords tip to end. 4 From a 7 m long iron rod, we cut a 3.8 m
The first measures 6.5 m. The second
piece, and then we cut another piece whose
measures 22.5 dm more than the first. The
length is half of the first.
third measures 175 cm less than the first.
What is the total length of the three
a) Calculate the length of the second piece
chords, in meters ?
in cm.
b) Calculate the length of the iron rod that
remains.

2 A merchant buys 36 liters of oil for 7,500

L.L. per liter.
He fills the oil in bottles of 75 cl each.
5 An empty box weighs 1.7 kg.
a) How many full bottles can we obtain ? We fill it with butter packs each weighing
b) He sells each bottle for 6,750 L.L. 450 g. The full box now weighs 23.3 kg.
Calculate the profit obtained from this a) What the mass of all the butter packs
selling. in grams ?
b) How many butter packs were put in
the box ?

3 a) Complete the text below with the

following numbers : 75 ; 5.4 ; 3.6 . 6 An empty barrel weighs 12.5 kg.
We fill it with 12 gallons of wine each

A truck weighs ... tons. When containing 4.5 liters.

charged with ... bags of flour, the a) How many liters of wine were poured

truck weighs ... tons. in the barrel ?

b) Each liter of wine weighs 0.9 kg.
b) Calculate the mass of 1 bag of flour in What is the mass of the full barrel in
kilograms. kilograms ?

101
28 Polygons
(revision)

1 In your copybook, redraw the following polygons and write the name of each one.
A
I
E F
B

D K
C P J
L
H G
M

S Q
O
N

2 Use the necessary geometric instruments to construct :

a) a parallelogram ABCD of sides measuring 6 cm and 4 cm.
b) un rectangle EFGH of sides measuring 4 cm and 3 cm.
c) a rhombus MNPQ of side 4 cm.
d) a square IJKL of side 3 cm.

a) b)

c) d)

102
3 Complete the chart with True or False.

Name of the Opposite sides The sides have The 4 sides are The 4 angles
quadrilateral are parallel the same length equal are right

Parallelogram

Rectangle

Rhombus

Square

4 a) Place in each box two points A and B such that AB = 3 cm.

b) In the first box, add points C and D such that ABCD is a parallelogram.

c) In the second box, place points M and N such that MNAB is a rhombus.

d) In the third box, add points K and L such that ABKL is a rectangle.

e) In the fourth box, place points I and J such that ABIJ is a square.

103
29 Diagonals of a polygon

Activity
Observe the adjacent polygon.
A
B
How many vertices does it have ?

...............................................................................................................................

Name them. ..........................................................................................

C
...............................................................................................................................
E

A and B are two consecutive vertices. Can you find the others ? What are they ?
(Give all the possibilities)

......................................................................................................................................................................

A segment joining two consecutive vertices called a side of the polygon.

a) Name all the sides of the polygon ABCDE.

..............................................................................................................................................................

b) A and C are non-consecutive vertices. If you join them, you will obtain the
diagonal [AC] of the polygon ABCDE.
Join the non-consecutive vertices of polygon ABCDE, then name its
diagonals.

..............................................................................................................................................................

104
1 Trace in red the sides and in green the diagonals of the following polygons.

G F

A
H
I
B
D
C
M J

N
L

K
R O

Q P

2 Draw the diagonals of the following polygons.

E F

H G

I
K
A B

D C

M
L
105
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 Construct a parallelogram EFGH of sides 3 cm and 4 cm.

Draw its diagonals and designate by I their common point.
Use the compass to verify that the diagonals of the parallelogram intersect at their midpoint.

2 Construct a rectangle RSTU of sides 4 cm and 5 cm.

Draw its diagonals and designate by K their common point.
Use the compass to verify that they intersect at their midpoint and that they have the same
length.

3 Construct a rhombus IJKL of sides 4 cm.

Draw its diagonals and designate by M their intersection point.
Verify that they are perpendicular and that they intersect at their midpoint.

4 Draw a square ABCD. Name its diagonals and verify that they intersect at their midpoint O, that
they are perpendicular, and that they have the same length.

5 Complete the following table with “True” or “False”.

The name of the The diagonals have The diagonals have The diagonals are
quadrilateral the same midpoint the same length perpendicular

Parallelogram

Rectangle

Rhombus

Square
106
6 Construct a parallelogram ABCD of sides 8 cm.
What can you say about the figure that you have drawn ?
Draw its diagonals. What can you say about these diagonals ?

7 Construct a quadrilateral that is not a rhombus and whose diagonals are

perpendicular.

8 Construct a parallelogram whose diagonals measure 7 cm. What can you say
about the figure ?

9 I am a quadrilateral.
Guess my name in each of the following cases :
a) My diagonals are perpendicular, having the same length and the same midpoint.

I am a : ............................................................................................................................................................................................................

b) My diagonals intersect at their midpoint;

c) My diagonals are perpendicular, having the same midpoint;

d) My diagonals have the same length and the same midpoint;

107
30 Addition and subtraction of
fractions of same denominator (1)
Activity
Observer and complete.

A ruler is divided into seven equal parts.

What fraction does one part of the ruler represent ? ............

............

What fraction does the blue part of the ruler represent ? ............

............

What fraction does the red part of the ruler represent ? ............

............

What fraction does the coloured part of the ruler represent ?

............

............
2 3 2+3 5
+==
7 7 7 7
5 2 5–2 3
–==
7 7 7 7
5 3 5–3 2
–==
7 7 7 7

1 Work out.

3 5 3 2 4 9
+ = ................................... + = .......................................... + = ...................................
13 13 8 8 11 11

8 11 5 5 9 16
+ = ................................... + = .......................................... + = ...................................
27 27 9 9 17 17

108
2 Work out and simplify the answer.

3 5 11 7
+ = ............................................................................ + = .....................................................................
8 8 26 26

4 2 20 14
+ = ............................................................................ + = .....................................................................
9 9 17 17

5 9 13 9
+ = ............................................................................ + = .....................................................................
7 7 11 11

3 Work out and simplify the answer.

7 5 14 5
–= ..................................................................... –= .........................................................................
12 12 9 9

7 5 117 12
–= ............................................................................ –= ..............................................................
8 8 105 105

4 Complete each equation by a suitable number.

12 .......... 8 14 ..........
–= – =1
15 15 15 6 6

10 .......... 15 8 ..........
+= + =1
21 21 21 36 36

5 Complete each equation by a suitable number.

7 .......... 12 5 .......... 23 .......... 13

+= +=1 –=
13 13 13 9 9 10 10 10

7 .......... 5 9 .......... 3 3 ..........

–= –=2 +=
13 13 13 2 2 10 10 20

109
31 Addition and subtraction
of fractions (2)

Activity
① 3 11
Reduce the fractions and to the same denominator:
5 7
3 11
= ............
= ............

5 ............ 7 ............

11 3
Their sum is : + = ............
+=
............ ............
7 5 ............ ............ ............

11 3
Their difference is : – = ............
–=
............ ............
7 5 ............ ............ ............

➁ 6 ..........
Complete : =
8 4
5 6
Calculate : + = ............
+ ............
= ............
= .................
4 8 ............ ............ ............
5 6
–= ...........................................................................
4 8

➂ 1 ..........
Calculate : 2 + = + =
3 3
1
3
..........

3
1
2–= .............................................................................
3

1 Work out.
3 2 4 13
+ = ............................................................................ + = .....................................................................
7 3 21 14
5 4 16 5
+ = ............................................................................ – = .....................................................................
8 9 9 18
15 2 65 8
– = ......................................................................... + = .....................................................................
7 5 35 21
11 2 3 1
+ = ........................................................................ – = ............................................................................
13 5 4 3

2 Work out.
5 17
3–= .............................................................................. 1+= ..........................................................................
8 8
8 2
+ 12 = .......................................................................... 6–= ..........................................................................
110 7 12
3 Simplify and work out..

4 2 2 6
+= ........................................................................ += .....................................................................
12 6 18 27

18 4 2 39
–= ......................................................................... += .....................................................................
12 6 14 21

4 33 64 27
+= ..................................................................... –= .....................................................................
32 24 52 39

4 Work out.

5 21
+3= .............................................................................. 5+= ..........................................................................
4 13

5 2
2–= .............................................................................. 16 – = ..........................................................................
7 3

5 Reduce to the same denominator then calculate.

7 2 26 3
–= ......................................................................... += .....................................................................
10 5 30 10

5 2 5 2
+= ............................................................................ += ............................................................................
6 3 4 3

7 3 17 7
–= ............................................................................ –= .....................................................................
8 4 24 18

6 Simplify and calculate.

9 16
+= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
21 28
16 9
–= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
22 33
15 12
+= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
35 21
28 18
–= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
52 30
27 40
+= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
57 76
65 14
–= ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
100 45

111
7 Simplify and calculate.
16 12
+= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 16

12 12
+= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
21 16

18 16
–= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 40

250 63
+= ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
1 000 90

21 21
+= .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
63 36

21 25
–= ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
45 100

8 Work out.
2 5
++2= ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 6

4 1
+3+= ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 5

3 2 5
++= .................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 3 6

4 18
++2= ................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 2

11 3
++1= ............................................................................................................................................................................................
5 10

9 Work out.
3 3
5–= ..................................................................................... 5+= .....................................................................................
4 4
11 2
18 + = .............................................................................. 8–= .....................................................................................
5 5
105 1
13 – = ........................................................................... 1–= .....................................................................................
26 3

112
10 Work out.

5 +
10 2
3 9 1
–= .........................................................................................................................................................................................

9 1 2
– + = .....................................................................................................................................................................................
4 12 24

3 – 4 +
7 1 3
= .........................................................................................................................................................................................
12

9 1 7
– –= .....................................................................................................................................................................................
5 10 10

7 –
14
13 2
–1= .......................................................................................................................................................................................

21 3
+9 –= ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
8 4

11 Work out.

1 5 2
+ – = ............................................................................................................................................................................................
3 3 9

2 + 8 – 4 =
1 6 3
............................................................................................................................................................................................

1 – 3 + 6 =
2 1
..............................................................................................................................................................................................

7 1
1+ – = ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
14 2

1 5
3– + = ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
3 6

5
8– 2– = ................................................................................................................................................................................................
3

1
7– +1 = ................................................................................................................................................................................................
4

5 + 1 – 5 =
9 2
..............................................................................................................................................................................................

113
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

2 2
1 Jad ate then of a cake.
9 12
1) What fraction of the cake did Jad eat ?
2) What fraction of the cake remained ?

1 2 1
2 A father spends of his salary on schooling, on food and on rent.
5 7 10

1) What fraction of the salary do these expense represent ?

2) What fraction of his salary remaines ?

2 2
3 A farmer palnted of his garden with cabbages and with lettuce.
9 5
1) What fraction of the garden did the farmer plant ?
2) Compare the planted part to the non planted part of his garden.

4 Simplify and compare.

3 + 5 3 +
18
17 36 18 2 4 13 8 12
; ; ;
21 42 15 4

26 39 9 +
27
18 14 17 4 9 90 5 13
; ; + ;
105 70 26 81

5 Work out then arrange in increasing order.

4 1 1 1 1 5
+ ; + ; +.
5 2 2 3 2 3

1 6
6 Zeina gave of her money to her brother and too her sister.
5 10
What fraction does the given money represent ?

8 3
7 In the exam, of the students in a class got more than 10 and got 10.
12 18
What fraction do the students who got 10 or more represent ?

114
32 Mixed number

Activity What is the greatest multiple of 5 less than 17 ? .......................

17 15 + .......... 15 ............ ............

Complete : = = + = 3 +
5 5 5 ............ ............

17
The greatest whole number less than is .................... .
5
17 2 2
We write : = 3 ; 3 is called mixed number
5 5 5

1 Write each of these fractions in the form of a mixed number.

9 250
= ................................................................................................ = .........................................................................................
2 35

5 180
= ................................................................................................ = .........................................................................................
2 25

11 107
= ............................................................................................ = .........................................................................................
5 27

2 Write each of the following mixed numbers in the form of a fraction.

7 17
3 == ..................................................................................... 3 = .......................................................................................
5 2

2 4
8 = ....................................................................................... 4 = ..........................................................................................
11 3

1 1
3 = .......................................................................................... 2 = ..........................................................................................
8 3

3 Place the following numbers on a number line.

1 3 1 1 1 3
2 ; 1 ; 1 ; 1 ; 2 ; 2.
4 4 2 4 2 4

1 2 3
115
4 Write each of the following fractions in the form of a mixed number.

13 13
= ............................................................................................ = ............................................................................................
4 2

23 15
= ............................................................................................ = ............................................................................................
5 18

16 11
= ............................................................................................ = ............................................................................................
3 5

Match each fraction to the suitable place on a number line.

15 13 11 16 13 23

18 4 5 3 2 5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5 Compare by using the signs < , > or =

2 3 2 1 3 6
1 .......... 1 2 .......... 2 4 .......... 4
5 5 10 5 4 8

2 3 7 6 1 1
2 .......... 1 3 .......... 3 2 .......... 2
5 5 10 10 5 4

116
33 Fraction of a number

A ribbon of 63 cm is divided into 9 equal parts.

1 63
The fraction of the ribbon measures cm = 7 cm.
9 9
4 63 63 × 4
The of the ribbon measures 7 cm × 4 = cm × 4 = cm
9 9 9
= 28 cm.
4 63 × 4
of 63 is : = 28.
9 9

1 Calculate.
2 4 13 19
of 120 of 120 of 120 of 120.
3 5 10 12

............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ...............................................

2 Calculate.
25 63 75 40
of 10,000 of 10,000 of 15,000 of 235.
100 100 100 100

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................

3 Calculate.
the half of 210 one third of 210 one fifth of 210 one seventh of 210

...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................

1
4 A farmer sold of a herd of 90 sheep.
3
How many sheep does he still have ?

117
1
5 A week for a student consists of 30 hrs. of attendance in class. is dedicated to math.
6
3
to French and the same to Arabic.
10
Calculate in hours the duration of each course.

10
6 Flour gives of its mass for bread.
9
What mass of bread do we get with 360 kg of flour ?

1
7 In my class, there are 32 students. eat at the cafeteria.
4
How many students do not eat at the cafeteria ?

8 The dimensions of a rectangular garden are 64 m and 36 m.

Calculate its perimeter.

7
A fence is placed on of the perimeter for a price of 2,750 L.L. the meter.
10
Calculate the length of the fence and its price.

118
2
9 The age of the second boy is the age of the oldest. The youngest is 6 years old.
3
The age of the oldest is double that of the youngest.
How old is each boy ?

10 The thickness of one sheet is 35 hundredths of the mm.

Calculate, in mm, the thickness of 9 congurent sheets.

A student bought a copybook for 625 L.L. and a ball-point pen. The price of the ball-
11 7
point pen is of that of the copybook.
5
Calculate the price of the ball-point pen.

How much did the student pay ?

12 5
A motorist drove 600 km. in 3 days. On the first day, he covered of the distance;
4 12
on the second day, he covered .
7
Calculate the distance covered each day.

119
1 4
13 A piece of meat of 1,470 g contains bones and fat.
6 5
Calculate the mass of bone and the mass of fat in this piece of meat.

If this piece is boned and the fat removed, what would the mass of meat be ?

2
14 Chadi bought a refrigerator for 1,860,000 L.L. He paid of its price at the order and
3
1
at the delivery.
4

Calculate the sum of money already paid.

How much does she still have to pay ?

120
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 Diana and Sara should cover the same distance to go to school.

2 4
Diana covers of the distance in 10 min, Sara covers in 12 min.
5 9
Which one goes faster to school ?

3 2
2 A merchant had 40,000 l of oil. He sold the first week and of the rest the second
8 5
week.
How much oil did he sell the first week ?
How much oil did he sell the second week ?
How many barrels of 75 l each can he still sell ?

5
3 Two tanks, having the same capacity, contain gasoline. The first contains and the
7 6
second .
9
1) Which tank contains more gasoline ?
2) Calculate the quantity of gasoline in each tank, knowing that the capacity of
each is 2,700 l .
Then verify the result of the preceding question.

3
4 Three runners are competing in a race : Hadi covers of the course, whereas Fadi
2 5
covers , and Rami covers the half.
3
1) Indicate the order of the runners.
2) The race is on a 1,800 m. Calculate the distance covered by each runner and
verify the answer you have given in number 1.

5 Ziad had 20,000 L.L. He spent the quarter of the sum to buy icecream and
2
to buy magazines.
5
1) What fraction of the sum does his purchase represent ?
2) What fraction of the sum does he still have ?
3) With the rest of the sum, can he buy a book for 8,000 L.L. ?

4 1
6 Three brothers divided a sum of money among them : the first got and the second .
9 3
How much did the youngest get ? Who has the most` ?

121
34 Circle - Diameter of a circle

Activity

a) Draw a circle of center O and of

radius 3 cm.

b) Mark a point B on this circle; the straight

line (OB) cuts again the circle in A; mark
point A.

O
c) Complete :
OB = ............. cm ;
OA = ............. cm ;
AB = ............. cm.

d) What did the center O represent to

the segment [AB] ?
.............................................................................................................................................................................

[AB] is a diameter of the circle; AB is the length of this diameter :

AB = 2 × OB = 2 × OA.

e) Mark a point M on this circle.

Can we say that the segment [AM] is a diameter of this circle ?
.............................................................................................................................................................................

f) Draw the diameter that passes through M.

Remember The diameter of a circle is the double of its radius.

1 a) Calculate the radius of a circle of diameter 20 m.

b) Calculate the diameter of a circle of radius 5.7 m.

122
2 Observe the adjacent figure.

Name : the center of this circle .................................................................................................... F

E C
the radius of this circle .....................................................................................................
O

the diameter of this circle ..............................................................................................

B
A
Draw the diameter that passes through point C.

3 Draw a square ABCD of side 3 cm.

Its diagonals intersect in O.
Draw the circle of center O and of radius OA.
Did this circle pass through the points B, C and D ?
Justify.

....................................................................................................................................................................................................

4 Draw a parallelogram ABCD of side AB = 3 cm ; BAD = 60°° and
AD = 4 cm.
Its diagonals [AC] and [BD] intersect in O.
Draw the circle of center O and of radius OA.
Did this circle pass through the points B, C and D ? Justify.

..............................................................................................................................................................................................

5 Draw a rectangle ABCD of side AB = 3 cm and AD = 4 cm.

Its diagonals [AC] and [BD] intersect in O.
Draw the circle of center O and of radius OA.
Did this circle pass through the points B, C and D ? Justify.

..............................................................................................................................................................................................

123
35 Dividing of two numbers
Appropriate quotient
Activity

The quotient to the nearest higher number The quotient to the nearest lower
number

3l 3l
Oil
3l 3l 23 l

3l 3l 3l
23 m of cloth

How many cans of 3 l are needed to empty How many sheets of 3 m can be
the barrel of 23 l ? made with this cloth ?

Then, give the euclidean division of 23 by 3. Then, give the euclidean division
of 23 by 3.
............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................

Complete : ........... cans are completely filled Complete : .................. sheets of 3 m

and .................. can to put the remaining .................. l and .................. m remain.

. Then .................. sheets can be made.

Then .................. cans are needed.

Remark Remark
7 is the quotient to the nearest
8 is the quotient to the nearest higher
lower number of the division of
number of the division of 23 by 3.
23 by 3.

124
1 Give the quotients to the nearest higher number and lower number of the
following divisions :
351 divided by 10 : .................................................................................................................................................................................

908 divided by 9 : ....................................................................................................................................................................................

2 A florist has 213 tulips. He wishes to prepare bunches of 12 tulips each.

How many bunches will he prepare ?

3 The maximum load of a truck is 3,500 kg.

How many wheat bags of 45 kg can the truck carry ?

How many trips should it make to carry 165 of these bags ?

4 A rectangular field of dimensions 84 m and 35 m is fenced with a double row of barbed

wire. When fencing the field, an entrance of 4 m is left.
What is the length of wire used ?

The wire is sold in rolls of 45 m.

How many rolls should be bought ?

125
36 Dividing a number by a number
Decimal quotient
Let 17 be divided by 4.
Observe :
17 16 + 1 16 1 1 25
= = + = 4 + = 4 + = 4 + 0.25 = 4.25.
4 4 4 4 4 100

Ones Tenths Hundredths Technique

4.25 4.25
17 . 0 0
– 16 4 4 17.00
1 10 – 16
–8 10
2 20 – 8
20
– 20
– 20
00 00
17 ÷ 4 = 4.25
4.25 is the decimal quotient of the division 17 by 4.

1 Find the decimal quotient.

2 37 2 15 2 47 2 59

................................................. ................................................. ................................................. .................................................

4 38 4 106 4 57 4 109

................................................. ................................................. ................................................. .................................................

8 115 8 17 8 234 8 4,153

................................................. ................................................. ................................................. .................................................

126
2 Set up and calculate.

139 ÷ 5 378 ÷ 24 95 ÷ 4 513 ÷ 6

3 Set up and calculate.

301 ÷ 2 6,897 ÷ 125 47,643 ÷ 375

4,023 ÷ 12 24,051 ÷ 15 3,647 ÷ 14

127
4 With 62 liters of oil, we filled exactly 8 identical cans.
What is the content of each can in liters ?

5 A piece of cloth is 27 m long; it is divided into 6 sheets f the same length.

What is, in meters, the length of each sheet ?

6 On a chocolate box, containing 36 bars, we can read «net weight 918 g».
What is the weight of a bar in grams ?

7 An empty box weighs 3 kg. When filled with 24 identical cans, it weighs 33 kg.
What is the mass of a can in kg ?

128
Dividing a number by a number
37 Decimal quotient
The dividend is less than the divisor
Let 8 be divided by 25.
8 32
Observe : = = 0.32 .
25 100

Ones Tenths Hundredths Technique

0.32
8 0.32
25
8 80 25 8
– 75 –0
5 50 80
– 50 – 75
00 50
– 50
00

8 ÷ 25 = 0.32
0.32 is the decimal quotient of the division of 8 by 25.

1 What is the half of 8 ? of 3 ? of 1 ?

2 Write the following fractions in the form of a decimal number.

1 2 1 4
= ....................................... = ....................................... = ....................................... = .......................................
2 4 8 8

1 3 3 2
= ....................................... = ....................................... = ....................................... = .......................................
4 4 8 8

129
3 Find the decimal quotient in each of the following divisions.

26 13 25 7 38 19 14 35

45 18 66 33 70 49 92 138

4 One kilogram of nuts is divided equally among 5 friends.

What is, in kg, the share of each ?

5 An oil can of 5 liters is emptied into 40 identical bottles.

What is, in liter, the content of each bottle ?

6 A dictionary of 1,790 pages has a thickness of 182 mm. The cover has 3 mm of
thickness.
What is the number of papers in this dictionary ?
Calculate, in mm, the thickness of a sheet of this dictionary.

130
38 Dividing a decimal
by a number
Let 34.12 be divided by 4.
Observe :

Ones Tenths Thousandths Technique

34 . 1 2 8.53 8.53
– 32 4 4 34.12
2 21 – 32
– 20 21
1 12 – 20
– 12 12
00 – 12
00
34.12 ÷ 4 = 8.53
8.53 is the decimal quotient of the division of 34.12 by 4.

1 What is the half

of 3.8 ? of 0.64 ? of 1.09 ?

........................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................................................................

2 What is the quarter

of 0.3 ? of 0.1 ? of 10.4 ?

........................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................................................................

3 Find the decimal quotient in each of the following divisions.

13 846.56 24 257.28 53 38.796

58 2 819.96 66 5 858.82

131
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 Set up and calculate.

74.4 ÷ 6 = ......................................................................... 5 206.5 ÷ 225 = .........................................................

3 194.36 ÷ 13 = ......................................................... 45 565.38 ÷ 3 654 = .............................................

817 949.4 ÷ 402 = .................................................. 1 811.48 ÷ 506 = ......................................................

2 Mom used a piece of 15 m of clothes to sew 4 large curtains of the same length and a
small curtain of 2.4 m length.
What is the length of a large curtain ?

3 Hadi covered 802.1 m making 1,234 footsteps.

What is the length of his footstep in meters ?

4 A squared garden has a perimeter of 495.36 m.

What is, in meters, the length of its side ?

5 A rectangular garden has a perimeter of 103.8 m. Its width is equal to 21.5 m.

What is the length of its side ?

132
39 The divisor ending
with one or more zeros
Let us calculate the following divisions :
423,000 ÷ 1,800 468.7 ÷ 430 85,320 ÷ 36,000
235 1.09 2.37
1,800 423,000 430 46.8.7 36,000 85.320
– 36 – 43 – 72
063 0387 133
– 54 – 387 –108
090 0252
000
– 90 – 252
00 000
Delete the same Delete one zero from Delete 3 zeros from the
number of zeros from the divisor, move the divisor, move the
the divisor and from the decimal point a digit to decimal point 3 digits to
dividend. the left. the left.

1 Divide.

430 468.700 1,200 1,476,000 36,000 3,553,200

250 5,007.5 3,400 107,780 1,100 47,360

2 Set up and calculate (solve on the copybook).

10,500 ÷ 15,000 6,867 ÷ 2,100

36,400 ÷ 28,000 2,460.5 ÷ 350

133
40 Dividing a decimal
by a decimal

Activity Observe and complete.

132 × 3 = 396 gives 396 ÷ 3 = ........................

13.2 × 0.3 = 3.96 gives 3.96 ÷ 0.3 = ........................

×10 ×10
13.2 × 3 = 39.6 gives 39.6 ÷ 3 = ........................

When we multiply the divisor and the dividend by 10, 100

or 1,000 the quotient never changes.

4.8 12 48 120 1.25 2.875 125 287.5

To perform the divisions, we transform the divisor into a whole

Remember number, we multiply the divisor and the dividend by the same
number 10, 100 or 1,000.

1 Find the decimal quotient.

0.3 18 3.75 45 3.52 88

18 ÷ 0.3 = .......................................... ....................................................................... .......................................................................

0.4 2.5 0.25 0.5 7.35 13.23

....................................................................... ....................................................................... .......................................................................

134
2 Calculate the quotient of 0.52 ÷ 1.3.
Multiply the dividend and the divisor by 7 and
calculate the new division. What did you notice for the
quotient ?

...............................................................................................................................................................

3 Set up and calculate.

108.3 ÷ 0.03 4.02 ÷ 0.5 316.827 ÷ 32.1

0.0585 ÷ 0.15 3.317 ÷ 1.07 7,176.23 ÷ 9.43

29.233 ÷ 0.943 35.5212 ÷ 2.53 1.268 ÷ 3.17

4 3.25 m of cloth are needed to sew a suit.

How many suits can me made with a 30 m cloth ?

5 How many chocolate bars of 0.5 kg are there in a box containing 17.5 kg of
chocolate ?

1 A chef bought a 50 m piece of cloth to cover 30 tables in a restaurant.

He used 1.85 m for the kitchen table.
a) How many tables in the restaurant can he cover if he needs 1.5 m for each
table ?
b) How much cloth does the still need to cover the rest of the tables ?

2 A car consumes 20 l of fuel in 250 km.

What is the distance covered per liter ?

3 The construction of a 300 m wall costs 9,360,000 L.L.

What is the cost of one meter ?

4 A person bought a second hand car for 15,300,000 L.L.

On delivery, he paid 4,500,000 L.L. and the rest in 30 monthly payments.
What was the amount of each monthly payment ?

5 I bought 3.5 kg of apples for 6,475 L.L. and 1.250 kg of lemon for 4,750 L.L.
What was the price of a kg of apples ? of a kg of lemon ?

6 A pan and a dozen of plates weigh 3.692 kg.

What is the mass of one plate if the mass of the pan is 3,002 g ?

7 How many bottles of 0.5 l can you fill with 45 l of oil ?

136
8 A barrel contains 162.75 l of oil.
How many buckets of 4.65 l can be filled to empty the barrel ?

9 A race of 42.3 km took place on a circuit that is 2.35 km long.

How many laps did the motorists do to finish the race ?

10 a) A barrel of milk weighs 30.280 kg when full; it weighs 3.5 kg when empty.
What is the weight of the milk in this barrel ?
b) One liter of milk weighs 1.03 kg.
How many liters of milk does the barrel contain ?
c) A truck carries 69 full barrels.
Calculate the weight load.

11 A barrel of capacity 96.9 l is filled with 9 buckets of 9.5 l each and 6 identical
bottles.
What is the content of each bottle ?

12 0.005 kg of coffee is needed to prepare a cup.

How many cups are prepared with one kg of coffee ?

13 To fence a rectangular field 97.8 m wide, we paid 705,375 L.L. The meter cost
1,650 L.L. .
a) Wha tis the perimeter of the field ?
b) What is the length of the field ?

14 A barrel of perfume contained 5 l. Hadi emptied its contents in flasks. He filled 5 flasks
of 15 cl each and 9 flasks of 0.2 l each.
a) What quantity of perfume did Hadi use ?
b) How many flasks of 12 cll each did he still need ?

137
41 Division - Decimal quotient
to the nearest lower or higher

Observe :

2.8 2.85
7 20 7 20
– 14 – 14
060 060
– 56 – 56
04 040
– 35
05

Since the division is not terminating, Since the division is not terminating,

then the quotient is included between then the quotient is included between

2.8 and 2.9. 2.85 and 2.86.

In the division of 20 by 7 : In the division of 20 by 7 :

2.8 is the quotient to the nearest 2.85 is the quotient to the nearest

lower 0.1 or to the nearest lower lower 0.01 or to the nearest lower

tenth. hundredth.

2.9 is the quotient to the nearest 2.86 is the quotient to the nearest

higher 0.1 or to the nearest higher higher 0.01 or to the nearest

tenth. higher hundredth.

The quotient is said to be to the nearest tenth, if we limit the

division to the first digit after the decimal point.
Remember The quotient is said to be to the nearest hundredth, if we limit the
division to the second digit after the decimal point.

138
1 Give the quotients to the nearest tenths by default and then by excess.

3 17 1,230 1,382 15,900 244,220

........................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................................................................

2 Divide using the calculator. Give the result to the nearest 0.01.

To the nearest lower To the nearest higher

716,000 ÷ 2,800

936.4 ÷ 750

81,275 ÷ 46,000

4,758,000 ÷ 890,000

3,050.4 ÷ 730

5,721.35 ÷ 8,100

139
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 Give the quotient to the nearest lower or higher hundredths.

1,544 23,488.87 158,700 801,435 160 1,464.5

2 Calculate to the nearest 0.01.

3,800 287,500 94,000 760,000 4,720 5,148.3

3 A ribbon is 1 m long; it is cut into 3 equal parts.

What is the length of each part to the nearest hundredth ?

4 An oil barrel of 200 l is emptied into 15 identical cans.

What is, to the nearest hundredth, the content of each can ?

5 In a box, there are 4 congruent layers of chocolate pieces. In each layer there are
6 rows of 12 pieces each.
If the box weighs 3.5 kg, calculate the mass of one piece to the nearest lower
hundredth.

140
42 Surfaces and their area

The area of a square whose side is a unit of length, is often chosen as a unit of area.

1 cm
1 cm

1
cm2

The area of a square with one

centimeter as a side is the
centimeter squared (cm2).

The area of a square with one

1 dm
decimeter as a side is the
decimeter squared (dm2).

The area of a square with one

meter as a side is the meter
squared (m2).

1 dm

The meter squared (m2), its multiples and its submultiples are the units of area.
The multiples of square meters are : the kilometer squared (km2); the hectometer squared (hm2);
the decameter squared (dam2).
The submultiples of square meters are : the decimeter squared (dm2); the centimeter squared (cm2);
the millimeter squared (mm2).

1 What is, in cm2 , the area of each of the following surfaces ?

B C D
1 cm
1 cm

......................................................... .......................................... .......................................................................

141
2 Observe the adjacent square ABCD. A B
Its side measures 3 cm.

How many squares of side 1 cm can you count inside square 3 cm

ABCD ? ......................................................................................................................................................................
D 3 cm C
Complete :

The area of square ABCD = ........................ cm2 .

= 3 cm × 3 cm .

Remember Area of a square = side × side.

3 Observe the adjacent rectangle EFGH. E F

Its lenth is 4 cm and its width is 3 cm.

How many squares of side 1 cm can you count 3 cm

inside rectangle EFGH ? ...........................................................................................

H 4 cm G
Complete :

The area of rectangle EFGH = ........................ cm2 .

= 3 cm × 4 cm .

Remember Area of a rectangle = length × width.

4 Draw a right angle xAy .
Place a point B on [Ax) and a point C
on [Ay).
Join B to C.
The obtained triangle ABC is right-angled
at A. [AB] and [AC] are the sides of the right
angle of the right triangle ABC.

142
4 cm
5 The adjacent quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle of dimensions A B
4 cm and 3 cm.
Draw its diagonal [AC].
Name the two right-angled triangles thus obtained. 3 cm 3 cm

.......................................................................................................................................................................
D 4 cm C

Calculate, in cm2, the area of rectangle ABCD. ......................................................................................

ABC and ACD are two triangles having the same area; calculate their areas.

Area of a triangle ABC, right at B = (AB × BC) ÷ 2

Remember (Half of the product of the sides of the right angle).

6 Calculate the perimeter and the area of rectangle MNPQ, of square ABEF, and of the right
triangle IJK below. I
A B
6 cm
M N

2 cm 3.5 cm 4 cm

Q P

F E K J
3 cm

...................................................................................... ....................................................................... ............................................................

7 Observe the adjacent figure (solve on the copybook).

Find, in cm2, the area of each of surfaces A, B and C.
What fraction does the area of each of 1 cm

1 cm A
the surfaces A, B and C represent C

with respect to the total area ? B

143
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 On a piece of land of 3,540 m2, the buildings cover a surface area of 1,640 m2.
Calculate the area of the part of land that can be planted.

2 The area of a rectangular land is 600 m2. One of its dimensions (length or width)
is 75 m.
What is the length of the other dimension ?
Calculate its perimeter.

3 Calculate the area of quadrilateral ABCD below.

A 9 cm B

3 cm

D C
3 cm

4 A garden has the form of a right triangle. The measure of one side of the right angle is
37 m and the other is 12 m less.
What is the area of the garden ?

5 A square field of side 39.45 m is fenced with 3 rows of iron wire.

a) What is the length of wire used ?
b) Calculate the area of the field.

6 A rectangular field of 125.3 m long and 80 m wide is fenced with a wire worth 1,800 L.L.
the meter.
a) How much money is paid for the wire ?
b) Calculate the area of this field.

7 836 m is the perimeter of a squared field.

Calculate its side, then its area.

144
8 Calculate the area of a rectangular land of perimeter 315 m and of width 68 m.

9 A rectangular carpet is 3.2 m long and 2.6 m wide.

Each m2 is sold for 7,450 L.L.
What is the price of the carpet ?

10 A squared garden is fenced with a wire. Dad paid 172,800 L.L. for a rate of 1,200 L.L.
the meter.
What is the area of this garden ?

11 A rectangular table of dimensions 1.2 m and 0.8 m is covered with a tablecloth that is
30 cm untucked from each side.
The m2 of this tablecloth is worth 37,250 L.L.
How much money has been paid for this tablecloth ?

12 What is the width of a rectangular field 112 m long and whose area is equal to
that of a square of side 56 m ?

13 Observe the drawing below.

32 m
x

2m
10 m
y

8m 8m

Calculate the measure of x and that of y.

Calculate, in m, the perimeter of this drawing.
Calculate, in m2, the area of the colored surface.

145
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

14 Two fields, one squared, the other rectangular, have the same perimeter. The area of
the rectangular field is 4,800 m2 and the length is 120 m.
a) Calculate the width of the rectangular field.
b) Calculate the side of the squared field.

15 The perimeter of a rectangle is 24.88 m; one of its dimensions is 5.50 m.

Calculate its area.

16 Calculate the area of the colored surface.

0.8 m 0.8 m

2.3 m

0.8 m 0.8 m
0.8 m 0.8 m

5.7 m

17 The dimensions of a rectangular field are 36 m and 10 m.

Each m2 is sold for 12,350 L.L.
Calculate its price.

18 Calculate the area of a rectangle of dimensions 16 cm and 4 cm.

Construct a square having the same area as this rectangle.

19 Calculate the perimeter of a square of side 5 cm. Cacule its area.

If we double the length of its side, what would its perimeter and its area be ?

2
20 The length of a rectangular field measures 63 m. Its width is of its length.
3

a) Calculate its width.

b) Calculate its perimeter.
c) Calculate its area.

146
43 Length of a circle (perimeter)
Area of a disc

3 cm
2c
m
(C1) (C2)

6.28 cm 9.42 cm

Length of (C1) : 6.28 cm Length of (C2) : 9.42 cm

Diameter of (C1) : 2 cm Diameter of (C2) : 3 cm
6.28 ÷ 2 = 3.14 9.42 ÷ 3 = 3.14
4 cm

(C3)

Length of (C3) : 12.56 cm

Diameter of (C3) : 4 cm
12.56 ÷ 4 = 3.14

12.56 cm

The length of a circle

= 3.14 that is a value representd by a Greek
Remark Its diameter
letter π (paï).

147
Observe the adjacent circle of radius
OA = 3 cm and of center O. A

Color in yellow the surface limited by this

3
cm
circle. You will obtain a disc of center O and
of radius OA = 3 cm. O

The area of this disc is : π × 3 × 3 = 28.26

28.26 cm2.

Length of a circle = π × diameter.

Remember Length of a circle = π × 2 × radius.
area of a disc = π × r × r , where r is its radius.

1 Complete the table.

Circle C1 Circle C2 Circle C3 Circle C4

Diameter
30 2.5
in m

Length
37.68
in m

Radius
in m

Area of the
12.56
disc in m2

2 Observe and complete. Circle (A)

K Circle (B)
S
K is a point in ..................................................................
disc (A)
A U B
S is a point in ..................................................................
disc (B)
T is a point in ...................................................................
T

U is a point in ..................................................................

148
3 Draw a circle of center A and of diameter 4 cm.
Calculate its perimeter. Calculate the area of the
disc of center A and of diameter 4 cm.

.............................................................................................................................................

4 81.64 cm is the perimeter of a circle.

Calculate its radius then the area of the disc limited by this circle.

5 Draw the circle of diameter [AB]. Calculate its perimeter

B
and the area of the disc limited by this circle.

..........................................................................................................................................................................

A
..........................................................................................................................................................................

6 Calculate the area of the colored surface.

..................................................................

28 m
..................................................................

..................................................................
28 m 56 m 28 m

..................................................................

149
7 Calculate the perimeter of each of the following figures.

6m
4 cm

4 cm
.........................................................

.........................................................
.........................................................

.........................................................

...................................................................................................................

2 hm

4 hm

8 dam 8 hm

150
A
8 Complete the circle of diameter [AB].

9 Calculate the area of the colored part.

......................................................................................................

10 m

20 m
......................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

10 The diameter of a wheel is 84 cm.

What is the distance covered by one turn ? by ten turns ?

11 The perimeter of a wheel is 251.2 cm. Calculate its diameter.

13 Construct a square ABCD of side 8 cm.

Draw in the exterior of the square 4 semi-circles of diameters [AB], [BC], [CD]
and [DA].
Calculate the perimeter of the obtained figure.
Calculate the area of this figure.

152
44 Time - Duration (1)

The day (d) ; The hour (h) ; the minute (min) ; the second (s).
1 d = 24 h ; 1 h = 60 min ; 1 min = 60 s ; 1 h = 60 × 60 s = 3,600 s.

1 Convert.

2 h = 60 min × 2 = ......................................... min 6 h = ........................................ = ........................................ min

3 h = 60 min × 3 = ......................................... min 10 h = ...................................... = ...................................... min

240 min = 60 min × 4 = ............................ h 24 h = ...................................... = ...................................... min

............... h = 60 min × ................................ = 300 min. .................... h = ................................................... = 420 min.

2 Convert.

2 min = 60 s × 2 = .......................................... s 5 h = ..................................... min = ...................................... s

3 min = ........................................ = ........................................ s 30 min 25 s = .......................................... s

.................................... min = ..................................... = 300 s 2 h 50 s = .......................................... s

.................................... min = ..................................... = 600 s 3 h 20 min = .......................................... s

10 h = .................................. min = ..................................... s 6 h 15 min 45 s = ............................................... s

3 Count by 30 min from 2 h 30 min to 8 h 30 min.

4 Count by 60 min from 3 h 25 min to 10 h 25 min.

153
5 Calculate the following.

8 h 15 min 42 s + 3 h 25 min 13 s = ..................................................................................................................................

2 h 36 min 58 s + 4 h 29 min 32 s = ..................................................................................................................................

3 h 50 min + 4 h 3 min 10 s = ....................................................................................................................................................

8 h 52 min 35 s – 6 h 38 min 17 s = ...................................................................................................................................

17 h 45 min – 7 h 25 s = .................................................................................................................................................................

48 min 13 s – 15 min 20 s = ........................................................................................................................................................

6 Express in hours (h) and minutes (min).

1 1 3 7
3h ; 7h ; 6h ; h ; 0.5 h.
2 4 4 10
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7 Complete.

35 min + .......................................... =1h 240 min = .......................................... h

27 min + .......................................... = 1 h 27 min .......................................... min = 8 h

.......................................... s + 40 s = 1 min 2 h 15 min = .......................................... min

3,650 s = ................................... min .................................. s 516 min = ................................. h .................................. min

8 A cyclist left his village at 7 h 25 min in the morning and arrived at Tripoli at 2 h 10 min
in the afternoon. Calculate the duration of his journey.

9 A rocket moves at a speed of 12 km per second.

What is the distance covered in 1 h 30 min ?

154
45 Time - Duration (2)

Let us calculate (5 h 28 min 16 s) × 4. 5h 28 min 16 s

× 4
64 s = 60 s + 4 s 20 h 112 min 64 s
= 1 min + 4 s 20 h 112 min 60 s + 4 s
1 min
20 h 113 min 4s
113 min = 60 min + 53 min
20 h 60 min + 53 min 4s
= 1 h + 53 min 1h
21 h 53 min 4s

Then : 5 h 28 min 16 s × 4 = 21 h 53 min 4 s.

1 Complete.

(3 h 27 min 15 s) × 7 = .................................... 3h 27 min 15 s

× 7

105 s = 60 s + 55 s ............ h .............. min 105 s

= 1 min + 55 s
............ h .............. min 60 s + ............ s
1 min

............ h 190 min ............ s

............ h + 10 min ............ s

............ h .............. min ............ s

2 Carry out the multiplication process in each of the following cases (solve on the
copybook).
(3 h 42 min 18 s) × 3 (12 h 45 min 28 s) × 6

(6 h 12 min 40 s) × 10 (10 h 48 s) × 5

155
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 A car takes 1 h 28 min 56 s to go from Beirut to Tripoli.

What time is needed to make three non-stop trips to and from ?

2 A bus leaves Tyre and arrives to Tripoli at 1 h 5 min in the afternoon after 4 h 38 min
on the road.
What was the departure time ?

3 A theater play consists of 3 acts.

The duration of each act is 25-minute interval. Two acts are interrupted by a 10-minute
interval.
The play starts at 18:15.
At what time does it end ?

4 The moon rotates around Earth in 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 3 seconds.

The lunar year (the HEGIRA) is equivalent to 12 rotations of the moon around Earth.
What is the duration of the lunar year ?
What is the difference of time between the solar year (365 days and 6 h) and
the lunar year ?

5 Jupiter, the greatest planet, turns around itself in 9 h 51 min 10 s.

What is the duration of 6 rotations around itself ?

6 The planet Mars turns around the sun in 687 days and around itself in 24 h 37 min 15 s.

How many days does it need to turn 5 times around the sun ?
What is the duration of 5 rotations around itself ?
156
7 A car covers 250 km in 4 hours.
How many km are covered in one hour ?

The distance covered in one hour is called the average

Remark
speed km/h.

8 What fraction of an hour do 20 min represent ?

A cyclist covers 10.5 km in 20 min.
What is his average speed in km/h ?

9 A driver should cover 70 km. He leaves at 10 h 35 min, but the car breaks down a little
bit later.
He succeeds to restart his car 35 minutes later and arrives at his destination at 12h25min.
Calculate the time of the distance covered.
What fraction of the hour does this time represent ?
Calculate the average speed.

10 Lara uses her car to go to the movies 5 km far.

She drives at an average speed of 25 km per hour.
The session starts at 15 h 10 min.
At what time should she leave if she needs 3 minutes more to park her car ?

11 A man takes 30 minutes with an average speed of 50 km per hour to go to his

work.
How many kilometers does he cover ?

12 An airplane flies at an average speed of 900 km per hour.

What distance does the airplane cover in 1 min ? in 1 h 15 min ?

157
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

13 Two bicyclists leave at the same hour and move towards each other.
The first leaves Beirut at an average speed of 18 km per hour and the second leaves
Jbeil at 24 km per hour.
a) What distance does each one cover in 5 min ?
b) Knowing that the distance between the two cities is 40 km, what is the
distance between the two bicyclists 5 min after their departure ?

14 A truck, moving at an average speed of 40 km per hour, covers a distance in 5 hours.

What is the time needed for a car to cover the same distance at an average speed
of 90 km per hour ?

15 Sound propagates in the air at an average speed of 340 m per second.

What is, in km/h, the speed of an airplane having the speed of sound ?
What is the time needed by this airplane to cover 6,120 km ?

16 A driver leaves Beirut at 7 h 30 min.

During the trip, he stops 45 minutes to have lunch and 3 times, 15 minutes each,
to rest.
He gets to his destination at 13 h 30 min.
Knowing that his average speed is 70km per hour, what is the distance covered?

17 To cover a distance at an average speed of 40 km/h, a truck takes over 8 hours.

What time does a sports car need to cover the same distance, knowing that its
average speed is 160 km/h ?
158
46 Statistics

1 The following list shows the number of children in 50 families.

1 2 0 1 3 2 4 0 1 2
3 0 5 2 2 1 3 4 5 1
0 3 3 4 0 1 1 2 3 2
1 4 5 0 2 3 2 2 0 1
2 4 3 3 3 5 1 2 2 3
a) Complete the following table.
The number of children 0 1 2 3 4 5
The number of families

b) What is the number of families having :

4 children ? ............................................................................................................................................................................................

2 children at least ? ......................................................................................................................................................................

3 children at the most ? ............................................................................................................................................................

2 Out of 100 students in a school, there are 48 that are at least 11 years old, 34 that are
between 11 and 15 years and 18 that are more than 15.
Represent the numbers of this text in the table below.
The age
The number of students

3 a) Write the list of the grades of the last mathematics test your classmates did
(each grade is rounded to the nearest whole number.

b) Complete the table.

The grade from 0 to 5 from 6 to 10 from 11 to 15 from 16 to 20
The number of students

159
4 Among the following television programs : Cartoons, sports, live broadcasting, which
is the most preferable ?
Ask this question to 10 of your friends and write down the results in a table.

5 The following figure is a histogram. It is formed of vertical rectangles where the height
indicates a quantity (here the average temperature).
the temperatures
25

the months
September

November

December
February
January

October
August
March

June
April

May

July

a) Indicate, for each month, the average temperature.

........................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................

b) What are the six warmest months in the year ?

c) What is the coldest month in the year ?

160 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 a) Observe the table.

Months of year 1995 November December January February March April May

The quantity of rain in

19 24 27 18 21 5 0
Beirut (in mm)

b) Represent the quantity of water in a histogram (solve on copybook).

c) What month did it rain the most ? the least ?
d) Write the months in decreasing order according to the quantity of rain.

7 A teacher gives the following grades upon correcting an assignment.

12 18 15 10 9 11 10 16 12 14 7 17
13 11 14 8 12 11 5 14 9 8 12 15 16

a) What is the lowest grade ? ...............................................................................................................................................

b) What is the highest grade ? ..........................................................................................................................................

c) Complete the table.

The grade

The number of
students

d) Draw the histogram corresponding to the table.

the number of students
5

the grade

e) What is the most frequent grade ? .......................................................................................................................

161
8 Here are the mathematics grades obtained by Hadi, Diana and Zahi in 10 Exams in
the year 1997.
Hadi 11 7 12 11 13 12 11 11 15 12.
Diana 9 11 8 6 11 9 14 13 8 10.
Zahi 17 20 16 14 16 17 17 16 15 15.

Draw in your copybook.

a) three tables to write down the grades and the number of times thus obtained
by the three students.
b) a histogram to represent the grades of each of the three children.

9 1. Here are the temperatures listed 20°°

at noon during the last week of 15°°

March.
10°°

5°°

Complete the table. Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun

The day Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun

The temperature

2. Here is a bar diagram. 20°°

The days are indicated on the

15°°
horizontal line.
The temperatures are 10°°

indicated on the vertical line. 5°°

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun

a) What is the warmest day of the week ? ............................................................................................................

b) What is the coldest day of the week ? ...............................................................................................................

c) What are the days where the temperature is more than 15°° ? .............................................

162
10 Hadi got the following grades on 20

mathematics. 15
Monday: 12 ; Tuesday: 15 ;
10
Wednesday: 10 ; Thursday: 11
and Friday: 18. 5

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri

Complete the following table and construct the corresponding bar diagram.

The day Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri

The grade

11 During the second week of February, the 9

8
abscences in a class were listed as follows : 7
Monday: 5 absences ; Tuesday: 3 absences ; 6
5
Wednesday: 4 absences ; Thursday: 7 absences
4
and Friday: 5 absences. 3
2
1

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri

Complete the following table and construct the corresponding bar diagram.

The day Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri

The number of
absences

163
12 In a school, 360 students of the second cycle are F B
divided into 6 groups according to their favorite game. P
T V
This is shown in the following disc (circular Diagram).

V Volleyball P Ping pong G

B Basketball T Tennis

F Football G Gymnastics

a) What fraction of the disc does each of the preceding games represent ?

V ..................................................... F ..................................................... T .....................................................

B ..................................................... P ..................................................... G .....................................................

b) Calculate the number of students in each group.

Volleyball: .................................. Football: ....................................... Ping pong: .................................

Basketball: ................................ Tennis: .......................................... Gymnastics: ............................

c) These 360 students are divided in the following way :

180 students in Gr 4, 90 students in Gr 5, and 90 students in Gr 6.
1. Complete the table.

The class

The number of students

2. What fraction, of all the students, does the number of students in each class
represent ?

.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................

3. Represent these results in a circular

diagram.

164
13 Observe the adjacent circular diagram that represents the expenses and the
savings of a family in a month.

Food Housing

25%

30%

5% Leisure

10%

30%
Clothes

Savings

30
for example 30% means
100

a) Knowing that the monthly income of that family is 2,150,000 L.L., complete
the table.

Housing Food Clothes Leisure

The
expenses

b) What are their expected savings per month ?

1 Redraw the adjacent figure (squared sheet) :

a) Multiply all the dimensions by 2,
b) divide all the dimensions by 2.

a) b)

2 Find the rule of construction and

construct the following house.

166
3 Observe point O and the triangle ABC below.
Draw the semi-straight line [OA) and take, on this semi-straight line, point E
such that OE = 2 OA (E is on the right of O).
Draw the semi-straight line [OB) and take, on this semi-straight line, point F
such that OF = 2 OB (F is on the right of O).
Draw the semi-straight line [OC) and take, on this semi-straight line, point
G such that OG = 2 OC (G is on the right of O).

O
5
4

C
A 3

EFG is an expansion of ABC at the scale 2.

1
ABC is a reduction of EFG at the scale .
2
Complete the table.

AB = ......................... AC = ......................... BC = .........................

× ...... ............

EF = ......................... EG = ......................... FG = .........................

Use you protractor to measure the angles of triangles ABC and EGF and complete.

BAC = ................................... ABC = ................................... ACB = ...................................

EFG = ................................... FGE = ................................... FEG = ...................................

What do you notice ? ..............................................................................................................................................................

167
4 Redraw.

a) At the scale 3.

2 cm

O
2 cm 2 cm

2 cm

O
1
b) At the scale .
3

6 cm 6 cm

6 cm

c) At the scale 1.5.

4 cm

3 cm

168
5
O
C
A

P
M
K

MNJP is an expansion of ABKC at the scale 3.

K is the midpoint of [BC], verify with a compass that J is the midpoint of [NP].

169
Problems (Solve on your copybook)

1 The measures of the sides of a triangle ABC are 17 mm, 35 mm and 24 mm. Expand
it at the scale 5.
Calculate the sides of the obtained triangle EFG.
Calculate and compare the perimeters of these two triangles.

1
2 A rectangle has as dimensions 68 m and 56 m. Reduce it by .
4
Calculate and compare the perimeters of these two rectangles.

3 Observe the adjacent rectangle. 3 cm

A B
Calculate its area.
Place point E on [AB) such that AE = 2AB. 2 cm
Place point G on [AD) such that AG = 2AD.
D C
Complete the rectangle AEFG.
Calculate the area of the new rectangle.
Compare the two areas.

170
48 Cube

1 Is the sum of numbers of the dots on the two

opposite faces of a dice 7 ?

................................................................................................................................................

2 Here is the pattern of a dice. Redraw it on a squared sheet of paper.

Make this dice and mark the dots on each face. (Use an adhesive ribbon for the
final sticking).

3 The dice has the form of a cube.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are the vertices of the cube. H G
a) The cube has 12 edges, [AB] is an edge.

Name the other edges. .......................................................................

E F
...........................................................................................................................................

b) The cube has 6 faces which are squares. ABCD D C

is a face.

Name the other faces. .........................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
A B

171
4 a) This is a pattern of a cube.
Redraw it on a squared sheet of paper.
Form it (use adhesive ribbon).
b) Do two opposite faces have the same color ?

5 a) Without constructing the solid of this pattern, color with the same color the
opposite faces.
b) The unit of area is the square.
Calculate the total area of the faces of this solid.

172
49 Pyramid

Observe the solids set down on the board.

S
S S
S

All these solids are pyramids.

A pyramid is a solid whose :
base is a polygon: a triangle, a quadrilateral...
faces are triangles having a common vertex called the vertex of the pyramid.

1 Draw the following pyramids.

S is the vertex, square ABCD is the base. S is the vertex, triangle ABC is the base.

S
S

A D

A C

B C B

173
50 Pyramid of squared base

S
1 This solid is a pyramid of vertex S and of square
ABCD as base.

How many faces are there ? .............................................

Name them. ............................................................................................. A D

..................................................................................................................................

B C

2 Here are two patterns of two pyramids having a square for base.
Redraw them on a squared sheet of paper.
Form these pyramids (use adhesive ribbon).

4
5
4 4
4
5
3

174
51 Pyramid of triangular base
(tetrahedron)

S
1 This solid is a pyramid of base the
triangle ABC and of vertex S.
Name its faces.

.............................................................................................
A C
.............................................................................................

2 a) Redraw this pattern. Use it to form a pyramid of a triangular base.

b) Point out in the obtained solid the vertex of the pyramid.

c) Measure the length of its sides.

175
52 Right prism

A B

This solid is a right prism having the

triangles ABC and DEF as bases.
C

The bases are congruent.

A right prism is a solid whose faces are

D E
two rectangles.

The bases of the two polygons are

congruent. F

1 Here is a pattern of a
right prism of a
triangular base.

a) Redraw it on a
squared paper.

b) Form it.
(Use adhesive ribbon
for the final sticking).

c) Name the vertices of this right prism. ................................................................................................................

d) Name the bases. .............................................................................................................................................................................

176
Problems (revision)

1 The difference of two numbers is 7.5 .

One of these two number is 13 .
What is the other number ? (Give the two solutions).

2 A farmer collects 80 eggs in the morning and 56 eggs at noon.

At night, he sold 8 dozens.
Complete the following text with the suitable numbers :

In the morning, the farmer collects …............ tens of eggs. At noon, he collects …............ eggs

less than the morning. He collects ….............. eggs in all. At night, he sold ….............. eggs.

After selling, …............ tens of eggs. He put then the rest in …............ packets of 8 eggs each.

3 In the adjacent figure, the side of the largest

equilateral triangle is 4 cm.

Each of its sides is divided in four equal parts.

What is the total number of equilateral triangles

of this figure ?

4 A merchant bought 8 dozen of plates for 2,500 L.L. each.

He sold each dozen for 36,000 L.L. .

What profit did he realize after this selling ?

5 Six biscuits cost 2.4 $.

How much costs one dozen and a half of these biscuits ?

177
Problems (revision)

6 A father distributed a sum of money between his three sons.

2 1
He give of this sum to the eldest, to the younger and the rest to the middle.
5 3

a) What fraction of this sum of money did the middle son receive ?

b) Calculate the part of each of them if the sum distributed ascends to 60 $.

7 In a school, the courses begin at 7h 50 min in the morning.

During a day’s study, there are 7 periods of 50 minutes each, and two recesses : one
of which is 20 minutes and the other is 25 minutes.
At what time did the students leave the school ?

8 A full gallon of oil weighs 4.5 kg.

Half full, it weighs 2.6 kg.
How much did the empty gallon weigh ?

Olive Olive Olive

oil oil oil

4.5 kg 2.6 kg ?

9 Complete the following table :

c
Angle Measure in degree Nature

aOb b

d O a
aOc

aOd

bOd
178
Problems (revision)

10 A can contains 28 liters of water.

We fill 7 gallons of 2.5 liters each.

a) What quantity of water does remain in the can ?

b) We filled the rest in bottles of 75 cl each.

How many bottles could we fill ?

11 In the adjacent figure, we have : A B

ABDE is a square. 5
cm
BDC is a triangle rectangle in D.

a) Calculate the perimeter of this figure.

b) Calculate the area of this figure. E D C

3 cm 4 cm

12 At the same pastry :

Aline bought one tart and 2 cakes : she paid 4,250 L.L.
Noura bought one tart and 5 cakes : she paid 8,000 L.L.

a) Find the price of one cake ?

b) Find the price of one tart ?

13 A circular table has a radius of 1.50 m.

a) Calculate the perimeter of this table.

b) Calculate the area of this table.

c) How many persons could be sit around this table if each person needs 78.50 cm ?

179
Problems (revision)

14 The adjacent rectangle is formed by five identical rectangular labels.

a) Calculate the perimeter of each label.

b) Calculate, by two different ways, the area of each label.

24 cm

20 cm

15 Using the digits 1; 2; 3 and 4, without repetition, How many numbers of four
digits can we obtain ?

180

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