Windows Form Application II

Object oriented with visual programming

M. Y Abdur Rahman
Sample program
• private void btn_dw_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• int x = 0;
• do
• {
• listBox1.Items.Add(x);
• x++;
• }
• while (x < 5);
• }

• private void btn_fl_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
• {
• listBox1.Items.Add(i);
• }
• }
 Advanced Controls
• Timer:
• The timer control is one of the few controls always hidden at run time.
• It can be placed even top of existing controls.
• The timer checks the system time and acts accordingly.
• Picture Box:
• It display icons or bit map or meta files.
• Acts as a visual container for the controls
• Important properties is Size Mode
❑Auto size
❑Centre image
❑Stretch image.
• Tool bar (Tool strip):
• This is used to display toolbar button controls.
• Which can be appear as standard button, a toggle style button or a drop down button.
• A user can assign images to the buttons as well.
• Panel and Group box:
• Group box is used as container for radio button and check box
• Group box always has border and title
• In group box we cannot display scrollbars
• Group box has the text property
• Panel does not have the text property
• We can display scroll bars in panel
• Title cannot be set for the panel
• In panel by using border style property we can display border.
• Menu(Menu strip):
• By using the main menu control the user can have standard windows menu at the top
of the form.
• Creation of pop-up menus is possible by using the context menu control.
• The menu bar appears below the title bar and it may contain one or more menu titles.
• When a menu title is clicked it displays a set of menu items.
• Menu notable properties:
• Checked: menu item has a check mark beside it if the property is true.
• Visible: Determines whether the menu item can be seen.
• Short cut: Set the short cut keys to access the item directly.
• Show short cut: Mark the visible of short cut keys.
• Date time Picker:
• Can use this control to select the date.
• Date time picker looks like a combo box and contains a date.
• Month calendar:
• This is also allow the user to select the date.
• The difference between the DateTimePicker and the month calendar is-
• In month calendar we select the date visually and
• In DateTimePicker when we want to make a selection we click on the drop down arrow and
select the date from the month calendar which is displayed.
• Status Bar:
• Status bars are used to display status messages at the bottom of the form.
• Used to provide additional information such as page numbers, display a message ect.
• A status bar control is a combination of status bar panel where each panel can be used
to display different information.
• Example: one panel can display current application status and other can display date and
other information and more.

• Tool tip:
• A tooltip is a small pop-up window that displays some information when you rollover
on a control.
• Tooltip class represents a tooltip control. Once a tooltip object is created, we need to
call set tooltips method and pass a control and text.
Program with tool bar and status bar

Button
Check box
Text box
Status strip – status label
Tool strip – button, label
• private void btn_enter_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• toolStripLabel1.Text = "You clicked the Enter button";
• }

• private void toolStripButton1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• txt_name.Text = "This is the ToolStripButton";
• }
• private void chk_click_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• if(chk_click.Checked)
• {

• toolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Check box is checked";

• }
• else
• {
• toolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Check box is unchecked";
• }
• }
Program for tool tip
• public partial class Form1 : Form
• {
• public Form1()
• {
• InitializeComponent();
• }

• private void btn_click_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• toolTip1.ShowAlways = true;
• toolTip1.SetToolTip(btn_click, "Click me to execute");
• }
• }

By setting 1sBalloon to true it makes the tooltip balloon that looks like below
 Dialog Boxes
• These are used to display information and prompt the user for data needed
to continue with the application three types are there.
• Predefined Dialog Box: Message Box.
• Customer Dialog Box: Created with forms for customizing an existing dialog box.
• Standard Dialog box: File, Print, Font, Save, open and colour.
• Standard Dialog boxes
• Colour Dialog: This contains different colours, enabling the user to choose the colour.
• Font Dialog: Contains all font, style and size to change the font of particular text.
• Save file dialog: Used to save a file.
• Open a file dialog: Used to open files of different extension which is required.
• Print Dialog: Used to display the print settings and print to the file.
Sample program for standard boxes
• private void btn_open_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• openFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
• pictureBox1.SizeMode= PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
• pictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile(openFileDialog1.FileName);
•
• }

• private void btn_save_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• saveFileDialog1.Filter =
"Jpegimage|*.jpg|bitmapimage|*.bmpgifimage|*gif|*png|*Jpeg";
• saveFileDialog1.Title = "save image file";
• saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
• pictureBox1.Image.Save(saveFileDialog1.FileName,
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
• }
• private void btn_print_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• printDialog1.ShowDialog();
• }

• private void btn_chcolor_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• colorDialog1.ShowDialog();
• listBox1.ForeColor = colorDialog1.Color;
• }

• private void btn_chfont_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• fontDialog1.ShowDialog();
• listBox1.Font = fontDialog1.Font;
• }
Menus & Timer
• private void exitToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• this.Close();
• }

• private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
• }
 Exception Handling
• A problem that arises during the execution of a program.
• Can detect and handle program errors in your code.
• Eg:
✓Validating user input
✓Checking for null objects
✓Verifying the values returned from method from one part of a program to another.
• Exception provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to
another.
 C# exception handling is built upon four keywords

• try: identifies a block of code for which particular exceptions will be

activated. It’s followed by one or more catch blocks.
• catch: program catches an exception with an exception handler at the place
in a program where you want to handle the program. The catch keyword
indicates the catching of an exception.
• finally: used to execute a given set of statements, whether an exception is
thrown or not thrown,
• Eg: if you open a file, it must be closed whether an exception is raised or not.
• throw: throws an exception when a problem shows up. This is done using a
throw keyword.
• Can list down multiple catch statements to catch different type of exceptions.
Try{
//statement causing exception
}
Catch(Exception Name e1){
//error handling code
}
Catch(Exception Name e2){
//error handling code
}
Catch(Exception Name e n){
//error handling code
}
finally{
//statements to be executed
}
 Important Exception
• Exception: This is the general exception class which handle any kind of
exceptions.
• IOExcetion: Handles I/O errors.
• IndexOutOfRangeException: Handles errors genered when a method refers
to an array index out of range.
• NullReferenceException: Handle errors generated from referencing a null
object.
• DivideByZeroException: Handles erros generated from dividing a dividend
with zero.
• InvalidCastException: Handles errors generated during typecasting.
• OutOfMemoryException: Handles errors generated from insufficient free
memory.
• FormatException: The format of an argument is wrong.
Sample program for handling format exception
• public partial class Form1 : Form
• {
• public Form1()
• {
• InitializeComponent();
• }
• double no1, no2;
• private void btn_add_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• try
• {
• no1 = Convert.ToDouble(txt_no1.Text);
• no2 = Convert.ToDouble(txt_no2.Text);

• txt_ans.Text = (no1 + no2).ToString();

• }
• catch(FormatException)
• {
• MessageBox.Show("Please enter numeric
value","Error",MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel,MessageBoxIcon.Error);
• }
• }
• }
Sample program for handling out of memory exception
• public Form1()
• {
• InitializeComponent();
• }

• private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

• {
• try
• {
• openFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
• pictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
• pictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile(openFileDialog1.FileName);
• }
• catch(OutOfMemoryException)
• {
• MessageBox.Show("Please select a picture file");
• }
• }
 Exercise 1
• Write a simple program for handle.
DivideByZeroException. If user try to divide a value from “0” the handle this
exception. Also use final block for show the answer.
 Input validation
Why we need validations?
• When users enter data into your application, you may want to verify that the
data is valid before your application uses it.
• You may require that certain text fields not be zero-length, that a field be
formatted as a telephone number or other type of well-formed data(Ex:
NIC, Email), or that a string not contain any unsafe characters that could be
used to compromise the security of a database.
• Windows forms provides several ways for you to validate input in your
application.
 Input validations with masked Text Box
• If you need to require users to enter data in a well-defined format. Such as a
telephone number or a part number, you can accomplish this quickly and
with minimal code by using the Masked Text Box control.
• A mask is string made up of characters from a masking language that
specifies which characters can be entered at any given position in the
textbox.
• The control displays a set of prompts to the user. If the user types an
incorrect entry, for example, the user types a letter when a digit is required
the control will automatically reject the input.
 Program with Masked Text Box

You can only give numbers as well as only 10 numbers

Validating using code

• Validate the text Box(for Telephone Number) that user must enter 10
numbers.
• private void maskedTextBox1_MaskInputRejected(object sender,
MaskInputRejectedEventArgs e)
• {
• if(maskedTextBox1.Text.Length != 10)
• {
• MessageBox.Show("Wrong telephone number, Please check
it again","Error",MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Error);
• }
• }
 Validations using codes
• Validate the textbox if empty and if number entered(only characters can
enter)

• if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(txt_name.Text)||
txt_name.Text.Any(Char.IsDigit))
• {
• MessageBox.Show("Please enter your first name");

• }
• if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(txt_name.Text)||
txt_name.Text.Any(c=>char.IsNumber(c)))
• {
• MessageBox.Show("Please enter your first name");
• }
 Validating using error provider

• It is used to indicate error associated with the controls.

• The default icon for the Error Provider is a red cycle with an exclamation
point.
• IT allows us to set an error message for any control on the form when the
input is not valid.
Sample Program for error provider
• private void btn_login_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
• {
• try
• {
• if(txt_un.Text.Length>0){
• error_un.Clear();
•
• if (txt_pass.Text.Length > 0){
• error_pass.Clear();
• }
• else{error_pass.SetError(txt_pass, "Password is required"); }
•
• }
• else{error_un.SetError(txt_un,"User name is required");}
•
• }
• catch(Exception ex)
• {
• MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
• }
• }