1

Title

Impact of Classical and Rock Music on the Growth and Development of

Lettuce Compared to No Music (Natural Sounds)

A Capstone Project

Presented to the Faculty of

PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Courses

APP 006: Practical Research

Acma, Alyonna Lye E. Beltran, Mark Simon A. Cabrezos, Jericho A.

Adis, Princess Stacey D. Bendolo, Gesriel Jun Dala, Louie Myr B.

Alegarbes, Paula Lloren E. Bilar, Akisha Marie Deita Jr., Benjohn P.

Babalcon, Glessy Gwen G. Bongosia, Angela Duran, Cyril Mae K.

Badoles, Ronald Jr. A. Bustamante,Jasmine Elleso, Regine B.

Elyssa P.

Balino, Ariel T. Cabeguin, Nica Sheynn M. Encallado, Rustler Dave A.

By: COC-FC1-G12-STEM-05—GROUP 1

July 2024
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Environmental conditions have been a significant interest when it

comes to the development and growth of plants. Among many factors, the
effect of Sound Stimulus, particularly on music, on plant growth remains an
uncharted area. This study focuses on investigating the effect of music—
Classical and Rock—on the development and growth of lettuce, compared to
natural sounds without music exposure.

Having an understanding of how music can affect plant growth can

provide many useful insights to innovative agricultural practices and potentially
enhance crop efficiency. Previous studies such as “The Sound of Music and
Plants” by Dorothy Retallack (1973), based on the researchers’ findings, the
most positive music for plant growth is soothing and positive music such as
Classical works, the researcher also stated in the study that harsh and
discordant music was believed to be bad for plants such as Heavy Rock.

Background of the Study

Plants are known to respond to many environmental spurs, such as light,

water, and temperature. The music stimulus is a relatively new concept, with
some studies such as “The Sound of Music and Plants” by D. Retallack and
“Effect of Music on Plants–An Overview” by AR. Chowdhury, A.Gupta shows that
certain types of music can positively affect plant growth, germination, and
increase plant stimuli.

This research intends to contribute to the existing literature by

comparing the effect of classical music, rock music, and no music on the
growth of lettuce. The independent variable in this study is the type of auditory
stimulus (Classical music, Rock Music, Natural Sounds) meanwhile, the
independent variable includes the growth, leaf size, overall health, and
maturity rate of lettuce plants.
Theoretical Framework
This study is supported by the Theory of Plant Acoustics, which states
that plants can respond to sound waves and vibrations. This theory is based
on the concept that sound waves can create mechanical vibrations that affect
plant cellular processes. Although the Theory of Plant Acoustics is relatively
new, instead it has emerged from the broader field of biology and bioacoustics
which are studied by some key figures such as Gordon Hodge, his works have
contributed to understanding how sound waves affect plant development.
Dorothy Retallack published a book (The Sound of Music and Plants) that
promoted the concept that plants react to sound. Masaru Emoto and his
studies have influenced broader discussions about the impact of sound on
biological systems, including plants.

Backster’s theory of "Primary perception" emerged from his 1966

experiment, where a polygraph was used to measure physiological responses
in plants. Initially intended to debunk plant consciousness, Backster’s
surprising results—showing spikes in the polygraph needle when he merely
imagined damaging the plant—led him to propose that plants possess
emotions and consciousness. He suggested that all living entities, including
plants, have a form of cellular awareness that allows them to perceive danger
and respond emotionally. Additional factors like light and water. If plants can
respond to perceived threats, they might also react to different types of music,
which could be seen as an environmental stimulus. By integrating Backster’s
theory, the research can explore whether music, as a form of auditory
stimulus, influences plant growth and development through emotional or
perceptual responses. This approach could offer new insights into plant
behavior, expand our understanding of how plants interact with their
environment, and potentially lead to practical applications in agriculture, such
as using specific types of music to enhance plant health and growth.
 Anthroposophy's etheric forces theory, made by Rudolf Steiner, tells
that living organisms, including plants, possess an etheric body that's
responsible for growth, health, and vitality, influenced by non-physical forces
and
environmental stimuli such as sound. This theory is especially relevant to the
study that is titled “Impact of Classical and Rock Music on the Growth and
Development of Lettuce Compared to No Music (Natural Sounds),” because
this supports the idea that auditory stimuli can affect the growth of plants.
Typically, this research has focused on physical factors like light, water, and
soil quality, but the study aims to explore the unconventional factor of sound,
aligning with the etheric forces theory's Thorough approach. Using
anthroposophy's etheric forces theory in the research on the impact or effect
of music on lettuce growth provides a strong, holistic framework that fits with
the study's goals and objectives. It supports the exploration of non-traditional
growth factors, encourages furthermore research, and has practical, policy,
and public engagement implications. This theory improves the study by
providing a greater context for understanding how sound, as an etheric force,
could influence plant growth and its development. The theory was also further
supported by Baumgartner (2008) who experimented with the possibility that
etheric life forces could explain a link between music and plant growth.

Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study
Objectives

General Objective

To Study the effect of Classical Music, Rock Music, And Natural Sounds
(No Music) on the development and growth of lettuce.

Specific Objective/s

1.) To observe and compare the growth in height of lettuce plants

subjected to classical music, rock music, and natural sounds.
2.) To analyze the leaf size of lettuce plants under the influence of
classical music, rock music, and natural sounds.
3.) To assess the overall health and vitality of lettuce plants exposed to
classical music, rock music, and natural sounds, identifying signs of
either thriving or decline, such as wilting or drying up.
4.) To investigate whether the exposure to classical music, rock music,
and natural sounds influences the growth rate of lettuce plants,
potentially shortening the time required for them to reach maturity.

Statement of the Problem

The objective of this study is to investigate how different types of music

genres (Classical and Rock) influence the growth and development of lettuce
compared to lettuce growth without music exposure. This study aims to
compare the growth, leaf size, overall health, and maturity rate of lettuce
plants exposed to classical music, rock music, and non-music (natural
sounds).
“The Sound of Music and Plants” by D. Retallack emphasized the importance
of the study highlighting how understanding the impact of music on plant
growth can offer insights into how environmental factors influence plant health
and development.
The researcher also wishes to expand the knowledge of the conducted study
based on the answers to the questions:

1.) How does exposure to Rock Music and Classical music affect the
growth rate in lettuce measured by time compared No Music (natural
sound)
2.) What are the differences in the development and growth of lettuce
plants exposed to classical music and rock music?
3.) How does the growth conditions under different music genres impact
the overall yields of lettuce plants?

Null Hypothesis

"There is no significant difference in the growth, leaf size, overall

health, and maturity rate of lettuce plants exposed to classical music, rock
music, and no music (natural sounds).”

Scope and Delimitation

This Research experiment will focus on studying the effects of

Classical Music, Rock Music, and Natural Sounds (No Music) on the growth
and development of one type of lettuce (lettuce lollo bionda). The Experiment
will be carried out over a period of 45 days. Each Specimen will be exposed to
one of three sound conditions: Exposure to Classical Music, Exposure to Rock
Music, and Natural Sound (No Music). This study will be conducted in one
controlled environment specifically on one household of the leader’s to ensure
consistent conditions for the plant. The focus of the study will be on important
parameters such as comparison of growth, leaf size, overall health, and
maturity rate of lettuce plants.
Significance of the Study
The research study titled "The Influence of Classical and Rock Music
on Lettuce Growth and Development Compared to Sounds" aims to
investigate the impact of music genres on the growth of lettuce. The findings
from this research could have implications across sectors.

Agriculture:
By understanding the relationship between music and plant growth,
farmers and agricultural experts may develop innovative approaches to
enhance crop yield and quality. If specific genres of music prove beneficial for
plant growth, they could be incorporated into farming practices to boost
productivity.

Horticulture and Urban Farming:

Urban farmers and gardeners can utilize the study's results to create
growing conditions for their plants. Using music as a growth enhancer could
result in plants and efficient utilization of space and resources.

Scientific Advancement:
This study contributes to the developing field of plant acoustics
expanding our understanding in this area. The outcomes may stimulate
exploration into how sounds and musical genres impact diverse plant species.

Multidisciplinary research:
This study connects botany, music and psychology encouraging
collaboration across different fields and potentially leading to scientific
breakthroughs.

Environmental Sustainability Initiatives:

 Using non-intrusive methods such as sound to enhance plant growth
aligns with sustainable farming practices. This may help decrease the reliance
on chemical fertilizers and pesticides promoting the adoption of sustainable
farming practices.
Educational Aspects:
This study highlights how integrating various disciplines like botany,
agriculture, and environmental science can yield practical outcomes for
students and educators. It showcases the possibilities of merging music with
plant science to address real-life challenges.

Commercial and Industrial Applications:

The results may benefit farmers and the agricultural sector by
improving plant production efficiency. Enhanced growth methods, with music,
could be promoted as a selling point for high-quality crops.

Multidisciplinary research:
This study connects botany, music, and psychology encouraging
collaboration across different fields and potentially leading to scientific
breakthroughs.

Definition of Terms

Classical Music: A type of music known for its formal compositions,

performed by orchestras. In this research it pertains to pieces used to study
their influence on the growth of lettuce.

Rock Music: A genre of music recognized for its rhythms and energetic
qualities encompassing subgenres such as hard rock and heavy metal. It
denotes chosen songs utilized to explore their effects on lettuce growth.
Natural Sounds: The ambient sounds are present in the environment without
any accompaniment serving as a condition. These may include noises like
wind rustling, bird melodies, and other background sounds.
Seed Germination Rate: The proportion of seeds that successfully sprout
and commence growth serves as a metric to evaluate the impact of stimuli on
lettuce seeds.

Plant Height: The measurement from the base to the point of a plant
indicating growth response, under different experimental conditions.

Leaf Size: The surface area of lettuce plant leaves is quantified to assess how
different sound treatments affect leaf development.

Photosynthetic: The speed at which plants transform energy into chemical

energy gauged through oxygen release or carbon dioxide absorption.
Chlorophyll Levels: The amount of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves, which
reflects the plant's ability to photosynthesize and its overall well-being.

Auditory Stimulus: Any sound or music that is utilized to impact plant growth,
such as music, rock tunes, and natural sounds.
Independent Variable: The type of auditory stimulus (classical music, rock
music, or natural sounds) applied to the lettuce plants in this study.
Dependent Variables: The measurable outcomes that are expected to
change due to the independent variable, including comparing the growth, leaf
size, overall health, and maturity rate.
 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter will be discussing related literature and studies that will be
useful for the study “Impact of Classical and Rock Music on the Growth and
Development of Lettuce Compared to No Music (Natural Sounds)”

Related Literature

Music's impact on human beings is a well-established phenomenon,

with numerous studies exploring its psychological and physiological effects.
However, the question of whether plants, as non-animal organisms without a
nervous system, can perceive and respond to music is more contentious.
Historically, the prevailing view in plant physiology has been that plants lack
the sensory mechanisms required to detect sound waves. Nevertheless,
recent research has challenged this notion, suggesting that plants may indeed
respond to musical stimuli in ways that influence their growth and
development.

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was among the early scientists to explore
plant responses to various external stimuli, including music. His pioneering
work laid the foundation for understanding how plants might interact with their
environment beyond traditional sensory perceptions. Music, characterized by
its complex interplay of frequencies and vibrations, comes in many forms,
each with distinct qualities and pitches. While loud and discordant sounds
have been shown to adversely affect plant health, research suggests that
softer, harmonious music can have a positive impact on plant growth.

Reddy et al. (2013) conducted a study that illuminated the potential

benefits of music on plant physiology. Their research focused on Indian
classical ragas and demonstrated a positive influence on protein production in
several crops, including wheat, spinach, and horse gram. This suggests that
musical vibrations can enhance specific physiological processes in plants,
potentially leading to improved growth and development. Similarly, Chivukula
and Ramaswamy (2020) investigated the effects of soothing vibrations from
Vedic chants and classical music on rose plants (Rosa chinensis). Their
findings indicated that these types of music promoted growth, whereas rock
music led to stunted development. This study underscores the notion that
different types of music can induce varied physiological responses in plants.

The role of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), a crucial plant hormone involved in
growth and development, was explored by Zhu et al. (2018). Their research
revealed that IAA levels were elevated in six vegetable species exposed to
musical frequencies compared to control plants. This finding suggests that
musical vibrations can influence hormonal regulation, thereby affecting plant
growth. Furthermore, Yi and colleagues (2020) found that sound stimulation
enhanced root metabolism and growth in chrysanthemums, supporting the
idea that sound can positively impact plant development.

Vanol and Vaidya (2014) conducted an experiment to compare the

effects of different sound types, including classical music, rhythmic rock
music, and non-rhythmic traffic noise, on plant growth. Their study revealed
that classical music and rhythmic rock music had beneficial effects on seed
germination, plant height, and leaf number, while non-rhythmic traffic noise
negatively affected plant development. This highlights the differential impacts
of sound types on plant growth, with harmonious and rhythmic sounds
generally promoting better development compared to chaotic or dissonant
noises.

Recent studies have challenged the traditional view that plants cannot
process sound waves. Research by Jung et al. (2018) confirms that plants can
detect vibrations from sound and respond to these stimuli. This is supported
by findings from Gagliano, Mancuso, and Robert (2012), who demonstrated
that plant roots exhibit frequency-selective sensitivity to acoustic vibrations,
leading to behavioral modifications. For example, young corn roots produced
structured acoustic signals in response to sound, indicating their sensitivity to
frequency and vibration.

In a comprehensive study by Lai and Wu (2020), nine music treatments

were tested on alfalfa and lettuce seeds, including Gregorian Chant, Baroque,
Classical, Jazz, Rock, Nature Sound, New Age, and Waltz. The results
indicated that rock music significantly reduced germination rates in alfalfa
seeds compared to other treatments. Conversely, classical music, nature
sounds, and waltz treatments resulted in the highest germination rates.
Lettuce seedlings exposed to Gregorian chant, new-age, and waltz music
exhibited longer radicles and hypotypes compared to control groups,
suggesting that these music types promote seedling growth. This study
demonstrates the potential of music to enhance plant growth and provides
insights into how different music genres can affect plant development.

The growing body of research on plant responses to sound

underscores the need to understand how various frequencies and types of
music influence plant physiology. Studies have shown that plants can
modulate their growth and development in response to environmental factors
such as sound waves and mechanical vibrations. For instance, research by
Chowdhury et al. (2014) highlighted that sound vibrations could positively
affect seed germination, root elongation, callus growth, and cell cycling.
Similarly, Hendrawan et al. (2020) and Teixeira da Silva and Dobránszki
(2014) observed beneficial effects of sound on plant processes such as
photosynthesis and protein synthesis.

The concept of sonic bloom technology, which uses high-frequency

sound waves to stimulate plant growth, represents a significant advancement
in agricultural science. This technology has the potential to enhance various
aspects of plant physiology, including nutrient absorption and protein
expression, potentially leading to increased yields and improved crop quality.
However, excessive exposure to sound, particularly harsh or discordant
noises, may have adverse effects on plant health, highlighting the need for
balanced and well-calibrated applications. As the agricultural sector transitions
from chemical to ecological practices, there is a growing emphasis on
sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches. Acoustic Natural
Sounds frequency technology offers a novel method for integrating sound-
based interventions into agricultural practices, potentially improving crop
production and reducing reliance on chemical inputs. The exploration of
sound's effects on plant growth represents a promising area of research with
the potential to revolutionize agricultural practices and enhance sustainability
 In summary, while traditional views have often underestimated the
impact of sound on plants, contemporary research reveals a complex and
potentially beneficial relationship. Music, as a structured form of rhythmic
sound and vibration, can influence various physiological processes in plants,
including growth, health, and development. The ongoing investigation into how
different frequencies and types of music affect plant physiology holds promise
for advancing agricultural practices and optimizing plant health through
innovative sound-based technologies.

The development of agricultural science and technology continues to

accelerate, with a growing focus on addressing environmental challenges and
promoting sustainability. As researchers delve deeper into the effects of sound
on plant growth, it is crucial to explore the full range of sound frequencies and
types to develop effective strategies for enhancing crop production and
improving plant health. The integration of acoustic frequency technology into
agricultural practices represents a forward-thinking approach to achieving
more sustainable and efficient agricultural outcomes.

In conclusion, the study of music and sound's effects on plant growth

presents a fascinating intersection of science, art, and technology. By
harnessing the power of sound to influence plant physiology, researchers and
practitioners can explore new avenues for enhancing agricultural productivity
and sustainability. The ongoing exploration of this field promises to yield
valuable insights and innovations that could transform the way we approach
plant cultivation and agricultural practices.

Related Studies
Sound is known to affect the growth of plants. Studies have also shown
that sound vibration can be used to stimulate a seed or plant. Previous studies
indicate that musical sound has a significant effect on the number of seeds
sprouted compared to noise and untreated control and sound vibrations
directly affect living biologic systems. Foliage planted along freeways to
reduce noise
pollution often grows differently than foliage planters in a quiet environment. It
would be advantageous for plants to learn about the surrounding environment
using sound, as acoustic signals propagate rapidly, and detection of sound
may have adaptive value in plants. Plants are complex multicellular organisms
considered as sensitive as humans for initial assaying of effects and testing
new therapies. Several studies have been undertaken to study and
understand the influence of sound and music on plants and plant growth. It
has been reported that under optimal stimulation conditions (100dB and
800Hz) the sound field can enhance the growth of Chrysanthemum callus and
moderate stress stimulation can enhance the assimilation of tissues or cells,
improve their physiological activity and accelerate the growth of plants. Other
studies show that under suitable sound stimulation, the growth of
Chrysanthemum roots could be accelerated, and the sound stimulation could
enhance the metabolism of roots and the growth.

Playing appropriate tunes has been found to stimulate the plant’s

synthesis of its appropriate protein. The rate of water transpired out of leaves
is also reportedly affected by sound waves and this in turn affects the growth.
Corn plants exposed to music sprouted faster, were greener, and their stems
thicker and tougher than the corn plants which were in silence (though these
results are not scientifically grounded). Loud, high frequency, sound tones are
known to increase the rate of sprouting of alyssum seeds while random noise
seems to have the opposite effect. The mechanism is not understood, though
it has been noted that the exposure of seedlings and mature plants to green
music (classical music and natural sounds such as those of birds, insects,
water, etc.) elevates the level of polyamines and increases the uptake of
oxygen in comparison with the controls. Reports indicate that plants enjoy
music, and they respond to the different types of music and their wavelength.

Optimum plant growth occurs when the plant is exposed to pure tones
in which the wavelength coincides with the average of major leaf dimensions.
Music or sound can also have detrimental effects on plant growth. Some
reports indicate that music containing hard-core vibrations could be
devastating to plants. Certain types of music can wreak havoc on plants. Even
played at a low
volume, heavy metal music can be very damaging to a sensitive plant. On the
other hand, classical or devotional music enhances plant growth. Classical
music has a gentle vibration, and it's easy on plants. Violin music is known to
significantly increase plant growth. Roses are one of the most popular flowers,
with the rose market of the US bordering around $ 400 million and production
of roses accounting for around 20% of all flowers across the world. The
possibility of improving the rose quantity and quality drives us to experiment
with the influence of music on the growth of Rosa chinensis (Bok Choy). The
objective of the present experiment is to study the effect of different types of
music (Indian classical, Vedic chants, Western classical, Rock music) on Rosa
chinensis (Bok Choy) plants.

A study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to music on the

vegetative growth of spinach plants. The treatment used in this study is a kind
of music Javanese gamelan, rock music and sound of recording bird (Murai
batu) and exposure duration (1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours). The sound levels
used range between 70-75dB since plants have been sowing until harvest.
The observed parameters include length and width of the leaves, plant height,
weight and length of the harvested spinach plant roots. The best treatment of
research on plant growth spinach is the treatment with Javanese gamelan
music with an exposure time of 3 hours. This treatment resulted in an average
plant height of 100.79 cm, leaf length of 36.27 cm, leaf width of 25.30 cm,
weight spinach crop at harvest amounted to 72.16 grams and length of root
plants 36.41 cm. Generally, exposure to gamelan music with an exposure time
of 3 hours gives the best results on morphological characteristics and
productivity of spinach plants (Prasetyo et al., 2020).

Another study connected to the research talks about the impact of

classical music on plant growth and development is relatively unknown. The
researchers examined the potential effects of classical music on plant growth,
development, and behavior. Plants are known to respond to environmental
stimuli, including light, temperature, and touch. However, the effect of music
on plant growth and development is relatively unknown. Recent studies have
shown that plants may be sensitive to sound waves, including music, and that
exposure to certain frequencies and rhythms can affect plant growth and
developments This paper hypothesizes that classical music has a positive
impact on plant growth and development through influences on plant
physiology and behavior (Maulana et al., 2024). A key feature of living
organisms is the ability to sense and respond to different physical stimuli.
Light, temperature and a variety of chemical signals are common
environmental physical stimuli detected by biological organisms. In addition,
organisms perceive a variety of external mechanical stimuli, including those
induced by pressure gradients of wind in the atmosphere as well as pressure
gradients in aquatic systems created by currents or tidal flows. These types of
mechanical stimuli, which are collectively known as touch or thigmo stimuli,
produce a number of thigmo responses in plants including
thigmomorphogenesis, thigmotropism, thigmonasty and thigmotactic response
(Jaffe et al., 2002; Braam, 2005). Pressure waves created by sound waves
are transmitted in aerial, solid and aquatic environments. However, it is not
clear if plants can respond to sound that impacts them as mechanical waves
transmitted through wind pressure.

The interaction between living organisms and audible sound is usually

neglected in biological research. Nevertheless, sound waves with appropriate
length of action time and proper intensity or frequency are known to stimulate
cell growth in some plants (Bochu et al., 1998; Yiyao et al., 2002).
Additionally, some studies have investigated the relationship between plants
and sounds and scientists have reported the response of plants to sound
waves and music via different aspects of plant growth and development. The
effects of music to improve crop yield and quality have been reported in
tomato plants, barley and other vegetables (Hou and Mooneyham, 1999;
Spillane, 1991; Xiao, 1990). Weinberger and Measures (1979) reported the
effects of intensity in audible sound on the growth and development of Rideau
winter wheat. The authors concluded that the vegetative growth response of
winter wheat to audible sound was mainly dependent upon both frequency
and intensity. They reported that sonication at 5 kHz and 92 dB (decibel) led
to stimulating tiller growth with an increase of plant dry weight and number of
roots. Hou et al. (1994) reported 100 Hz frequency of an external sound
showed a positive impact on
philodendron plant growth. Qi et al. (2010) showed the influence of sound
wave stimulation on strawberry leaf area/dimensions, the photosynthetic
characteristics, and other physiological responses. The authors reported that
the sound waves promoted the growth of strawberries, as well as sound
waves enhanced the resistance of strawberry against diseases and insects.
Two plant species such as beans and impatiens were affected by sounds of
varying frequencies.
 CHAPTER 3

Research Methodology
This chapter presents the techniques and procedures used to conduct
the study, including how data was collected, and analyzed, the experimental
design, tools and instruments used, and any specific methods applied to
achieve the research objectives.

Research Design
In this study, the researchers have employed an Experimental
Research Design on the study titled “Impact of Classical and Rock Music on
the Growth and Development of Lettuce Compared to No Music (Natural
Sounds).” This Setup was selected to specifically align with the nature of the
experiment, which seeks to discover how different music stimuli affect plant
growth. By using a controlled environment for each music type (Classical,
Rock, and Natural Sounds). This method ensures that the findings are
attributable to the type of sound exposure, thus allowing a clear assessment
of its effects on lettuce growth.

Research Settings

Figure 2. Research Location

 The Research will be conducted at the residence of the Research
Leader, located at B17L10 Vista Grande Subdivision, Lumbia Cagayan De
Oro, Misamis Oriental. As this location is a suitable environment for
conducting the experiment.

Duration and Frequency of the Study

Activities December January

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Preparation of Materials

Planting of Lettuce

Week 1 Measuring of Plant Growth

Week 2 Measuring of Plant Growth

Week 3 Measuring of Plant Growth

Week 4 Measuring of Plant Growth

Week 5 Measuring of Plant Growth

Week 6 Measuring of Plant Growth

Computation of Growth Rate

Figure 3. Gantt Chart of the Study

The research experiment was conducted over a period of 45 days, during

which the lettuce plants were exposed to music genres (Classical, Rock, and
No Music) for 3 Hours per day. This controlled duration was chosen to
observe short-term to long-term effects on the growth and development of the
lettuce plants.

Data Gathering Instruments and Procedure

A. Preparatory

1. Collection of Samples
In this research experiment, we used three identical types
of lettuce seeds for each music stimulus; Classical, Rock, and
 Natural Sounds using 1 Bluetooth Speaker in which plants will
be exposed one at a time to their specific music stimulus in 3
Hours, with all plants grown under the same soil quality,
temperature, humidity, sunlight exposure, and watering
conditions with all the data collected and listed down using the
notion app.

2. Preparation of Samples
The researchers randomly selected seeds from the
packet, planted each in identical DIY pots made from used 10
Liter Wilkens plastic jugs with the same type and amount of soil,
ensured all seeds were planted on the same day under identical
conditions (water, light exposure, and temperature), and labeled
each pot according to the type of music it would be exposed to.

3. Experimental Setup
The Research experiment will be conducted at the
research leader’s residence, located at B17 L10 Vista Grande
Subdivision. In conducting the experiment, the plants will be
divided into three groups: Group 1 will be exposed to Classical
music (Fur Elise & Canon in D Major), Group 2 to Rock music
(Chemical Romance & Linkin Park), and Group 3 to natural
sounds. This Research will use 1 RUG Bluetooth Speaker to
play Classical and Rock music, at 70 Decibels in the
experimental subjects and will be natured and watered daily, the
experiment will last for a Month and a half, approximately 45
Days.

B. Application of Treatment
 In this research experiment the plant subject has been exposed
to 3 types of music stimuli (Classical Music, Rock Music, and Natural
Music) as well as to other environmental factors. Classical Music was
exposed to one of the plants with the use of a speaker at 70 Decibels
for 3 Hours. Rock Music was exposed to one of the plants using a
speaker
 at 70 Decibels for 3 Hours, lastly the last plant was exposed to nothing
except for the environment conditions

C. Collection of Data
In this experiment, the researchers will measure the plants'
growth and development by recording individual height, leaf count, and
growth rate (will be measured over time) through observation, with data
collected once a week using a ruler and measuring tape, recorded
online via the Notion app, over a duration of 4 weeks and 2 days.

Data Analysis Instrument and Procedure

The Formula that the researchers will use to analyze the data

would be the formula of Mean. The researchers will use this formula to find

the mean of growth rate of lettuce plants. As a measure of central

tendency, means provides a representative summary of a dataset, offering

a quick and intuitive understanding of its overall distribution. Its simplicity

and ease of calculation make it a versatile tool applicable to a wide range of

fields

Figure 4. Mean Formula

Where:

∑ᵢ - Summation of all terms

n - Total number of terms