IOT based weather reporting system

A
Major Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the

award of Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics & Communication Engineering

Submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, M.P.

Submitted by
Ashish pandey 0187EC16100
5
Himanshu patil 0187EX16101
1
Prantik singh 0187EC16102
0
Abhishek singh 0187EC16100
1

Under the Supervision of

Anoop Tiwari
Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

 SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
GANDHINAGAR, BHOPAL, M.P

APRIL 2023

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,

Bhopal (M.P.)

(Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodies in this major project entitled
‘IOT BASED WEATHER REPORTING SYSTEM’ being submitted
by Ashish pandy (0187ec161005), Himanshu patil (0187EX161011),
Prantik singh (0187ec161020), Abhishek singh (0187ec161001) for
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of ‘Bachelor of
Engineering’ in Electronics & Communication Engineering discipline to
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.) during the
academic year 2020-21 is a record of bonafide piece of work, undertaken
by him/her under the supervision of the undersigned.

Approved and Supervised by

Signature
(Anoop Tiwari)
Assistant Professor, ECE

Forwarded by

Dr. Ravi Shankar Mishra Dr. Keshavendra Choudhary

Prof & Head, ECE Principal
SISTec, Bhopal SISTec, Bhopal
 SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,
Bhopal (M.P.)

(Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering)

DECLARATION

We Ashish pandy (0187ec161005), Himanshu patil (0187EX161011) ,

Prantik singh(0187ec161020) & Abhishek singh (0187ec161001) students
of Bachelor of Technology in Branch’, session: 2021 - 22, Sagar Institute
of Science & Technology, Gandhinagar, Bhopal (M.P.), hereby declare
that the work presented in this project report entitled ‘IOT BASED
WEATHER REPORTING SYSTEM’ is the outcome of my own
bonafide work and is correct to the best of our knowledge and this work
has been undertaken taking care of Engineering Ethics. It contains no
material previously published or written by another person nor material
which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of
the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Himanshu patil (0187EX161011)

Ashish pandey (0187EC161005)
Prantik singh (0187EC161020)
Abhishek singh (0187EC161001)

Date:
 SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,
Bhopal (M.P.)

(Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering)

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The project report entitled ‘IOT BASED WEATHER REPORTING

SYSTEM’ being submitted by Ashish pandy (0187ec161005),
Himanshu patil (0187EX161011), Prantik singh (0187ec161020) &
Abhishek singh (0187ec161001) has been examined by us and is hereby
approved for award of ‘Bachelor of Technology in Electronics &
Communication Engineering’ for which it has been submitted. It is
understood that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily
endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion
drawn therein, but approve the project report only for the purpose for
which it has been submitted.

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

Name: Name:
Designation: Designation:
Address: ECE Deptt. Address:
SISTec, Bhopal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We owe an enormous debt of gratitude to my project supervisor, Anoop

Tiwari, for guiding and inspiring me from the beginning through the end
of this thesis with his intellectual advice and insightful suggestions. We
truly appreciate and value his consistent feedback on my progress, which
was always constructive and encouraging, and ultimately drove us to the
right direction.

We also owe a great deal of thanks to several people who have helped
and motivated us throughout our project work as well as throughout our
graduation at SISTec, Bhopal, in particular, Dr. Keshavendra
Choudhary (Principal, SISTec, Bhopal), Dr. Ravi Shankar Mishra,
Prof. & HOD, SISTec, Bhopal), all teaching and non-teaching staff of
ECE department for their valuable assistants they offered us generously
during the past four years.
We wish to thank all our family members and our friends for their
unwavering faith and belief in us throughout our life.

Himanshu patil (0187EX161011)

Ashish pandey (0187EC161005)
Prantik singh (0187EC161020)
Abhishek singh (0187EC161001)
 ABSTRACT

In India, agriculture plays an important role for development in food

production. In our country, agriculture depends on the monsoons which
are not sufficient sources of water. So the irrigation is used in agriculture.
Issues concerning agriculture have been always hindering the
development of the country. The only solution to this problem is smart
agriculture by modernizing the current traditional methods of agriculture.
Hence the proposed method aims for making agriculture smart using
automation. Automation is the technology from which a procedure or
process is executed without human assistance (By a Machine). We have
to determine how a person can use the automatic irrigation system of his
own moderately economical facilities in a few hours to connect some
electronic components and other materials. An automatic irrigation
system on sensor-based systems has been designed and implemented as
one of the most widely used and advanced automatic systems. This will
help the people in their daily activities, hence saving their time and hard
work. This system uses sensor technology with the microcontroller, relay,
DC motor and battery. Behave as an intelligent switching system that
detects the soil moisture level and irrigates the plant if necessary. The ON
/ OFF motor will automatically be based on the dryness level of the soil.
Sensor readings are transmitted to a computer to generate graphs for
analysis. This type of irrigation system is easily controlled and controlled
using a computer. In general, this system applies automatically for small
and large gardens, nurseries, greenhouses and green roofs. This will also
save time and energy, as well as minimize water loss. It will also help the
farmer to benefit from the plantation without solving irrigation planning
problems.

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 Table of Contents

CONTENTS PAGE N0.

CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………………..2

DECLARATION……………………………………… ……………….………...3

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL……………………………..………………...4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………. …………………………....5

ABSTRACT……………………………….………………………....……………6

LIST OF FIGURE……………………………………...…………………………9

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION ……………………..…………………………………....5 - 8

1.1 OVERVIEW

1.2 DEFINITION OF IOT BASED WEATHER REPORTING SYSTEM

1.3 IOT TECHNOLOGY

1.3.1 IOT:CONCEPT & DEFINITION

1.3.2 IOT ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

1.3.3 IOT APPLICATION IN WEATHER REPORTING SYSTEM

1.3.4 BENEFITS OF IOT IN WEATHER REPORTING SYSTEM

CHAPTER-2

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………

2.1 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DETAILS……………………………..10-19

2.2 Hardware

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 2.2.1 Arduino UNO

2.2.2 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

2.2.3 DHT11

2.2.4 Rain sensor

2.2.5 LCD Display

2.3 SOFTWARE

2.3.1 Firmware

2.3.2 Cloud Platform

2.3.3 APIs: APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)

2.3.4 User Interface:

Chapter 3

3 Algorithm ( Source code)…………………………………...20-25

3.1. DHT11 with Arduino

3.2. Rain Sensor With Arduino
3.3 ESP8266 with Rain Sensor via Blynk
3.4. ESP8266 via Blynk App
3.5 ESP8266 with DHT11 via Blynk App
Chapter :- 4
4 Implementation ………………………………………….26-27
4.1. Prototype model of the system
4.2. Implementation hardware
Chapter-5

5 Observation &Result ……………………… …28-29

5.1. Experimental Analysis along with Results

Chapter :- 6
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 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE….......……..…………..30-31
6.1 CONCLUSION
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE
Chapter :- 7
REFERENCES……………………..……………..………………………….32-34

LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

Figure 1.3.3 Smart sensor 8

Figure 2.2.1 Arduino UNO 11

Figure 2.2.2 ESP8266 WiFi Module 13

Figure 2.2.3 DHT11(Temperature & Humidity sensor) 14

Figure 2.2.4 Rain Sensor with module 15

Figure 2.2.4 Rain module 15

Figure 2.2.5 LCD Display 18

Figure 2.3.1 Firmware 19

Figure 4.1 Prototype mode of the system - 28

Figure 5.1 Experimental Analysis along with 30

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 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW
The objective of this report is to propose an IoT based Smart Farming
System which will enable farmers to have live data of soil moisture
environment temperature at very low cost so that live monitoring can be
done.
The structure of the report is as follows: chapter I will cover an overview
of IoT Technology and agriculture-concepts and definition, IOT enabling
technologies, IOT application in agriculture, benefits of IOT in
agriculture and IOT and agriculture current scenario and future forecasts.
Chapter II will cover the definition of IOT based smart farming system,
the components and modules used in it and the working principle of it.
Chapter III will cover the result and discussion of the overall process
carried out in the system and its final graphical output. Chapter IV
consists of conclusion, future scope and references.
1.2 DEFINITION OF IOT BASED WEATHER REPORTING
SYSTEM

Smart irrigation system using IoT is regarded as an IoT gadget focusing

on Live Monitoring of Environmental data in terms of Temperature,
Moisture and other types depending on the sensors integrated with it. The
system provides the concept of “Plug & Sense” in which farmers can
directly implement smart farming by as such putting the System on the
field and getting Live Data feeds on various devices like Smartphones,
Tablets etc. and the data generated via sensors can be easily shared and
viewed by agriculture consultants anywhere remotely via Cloud
Computing technology integration. The system also enables analysis of
various sorts of data via Big Data Analytics from time to time.
1.3 IOT TECHNOLOGY

Internet of things IOT consists of two words Internet and Things. The
term things in IOT refers to various IOT devices having unique identities
and having capabilities to perform remote sensing, actuating and live

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 monitoring of certain sort of data. IOT devices are also enabled to have
live exchange of data with other connected devices and applications
either directly or indirectly, or collect data from other devices and process
the data and send the data to various servers. The other term internet is
define as Global communication Network connecting Trillions of
computers across the planets enabling sharing of information .Thus the
IOT can be defined as :”A dynamic Global Network Infrastructure with
self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable
communication to protocol where physical and virtual things have
identities, physical attributes ,and virtual personalities and use intelligent
interfaces and are seamlessly integrated into the information
network ,often communicate data associated with user and their
environment.”
An ideal IoT device consists of various interfaces for making connectivity
to other devices which can either be wired or wireless.
Any IoT based device consists of following components:
• I/O interface for Sensors.
• Interface for connecting to the Internet.
• Interface for Memory and Storage.
• Interface for Audio/Video.
1.3.2 IOT ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

Internet of Things has a strong backbone of various enabling

technologies- Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big Data,
Embedded Systems, Security Protocols and Architectures, Protocols
enabling communication, web services, Internet and Search Engines.
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN): It consists of various sensors/nodes
which are integrated together to monitor various sorts of data.
Cloud Computing: Cloud Computing also known as on-demand
computing is a type of Internet based computing which provides shared
processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand.
It can be in various forms like IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, DaaS etc.
Big Data Analytics: Big data analytics is the process of examining large
data sets containing various forms of data types—i.e. Big Data – to
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 uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends, customer
preferences and other useful business information.

1.3.3 IOT APPLICATION IN WEATHER REPORTING

SYSTEM ;-
Here are some specific ways that IoT can be applied in a weather
reporting system:
1. Smart sensors: Deploying smart sensors that collect data on
temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and other
weather-related parameters can help create a real-time weather
reporting system. These sensors can be placed in different locations
and can be connected to the internet via a wireless network.

2. Cloud computing: The data collected by the sensors can be

transmitted to a central server, which can use cloud computing
technologies to process and analyze the data. This can help
generate accurate weather reports and forecasts.
3. Machine learning: Machine learning algorithms can be used to
analyze the data collected by the sensors and provide insights into
weather patterns and trends. This can help improve the accuracy of
weather forecasting.
4. Mobile apps: Users can access weather reports and forecasts
through mobile apps that use the data collected by the sensors.
These apps can provide personalized weather reports based on a
user's location.
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 5. Automated alerts: Automated alerts can be sent to users based on
weather conditions in their location. For example, if there is a
severe weather warning, users can be alerted via text message or
push notification.
1.3.4 BENEFITS OF IOT IN WEATHER REPORTING SYSTEM
1. Real-time Data: IoT sensors can gather data in real-time, which
allows weather reporting systems to provide up-to-the-minute
information on temperature, humidity, wind speed, and other
weather conditions.
2. Accurate and Precise Data: IoT sensors can be placed in remote
and harsh environments that are difficult to access by humans. This
allows for more accurate and precise weather data to be collected.
3. Increased Safety: IoT weather sensors can detect hazardous
weather conditions such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods, and
provide early warnings to people living in affected areas. This can
help to save lives and minimize damage to property.
4. Cost-effective: IoT weather sensors are relatively inexpensive to
install and maintain. This makes them an affordable option for
weather reporting systems, especially in developing countries.
5. Improved Planning and Decision-making: Accurate and timely
weather data can help farmers, transporters, and other businesses
make better decisions about planting, harvesting, and transporting
goods. This can help them to reduce waste and increase profits.

6. Personalization: IoT sensors can collect data from multiple

sources, such as smartphones and wearable devices, to create
personalized weather reports for individuals. This can help people
plan their day based on their specific needs.

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 CHAPTER :-2
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DETAILS
2.1 HARDWARE:-
IoT-based weather reporting systems rely on a variety of hardware
components to collect, process, and transmit data. Here are some of the
key hardware components used in these systems:
2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator
(CSTCE16M0V53-R0), and a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can
tinker with your Uno without worrying too much about doing something
wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and
start over again. "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the
release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of
Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now
evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB
Arduino
boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an
extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index of

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 boards.

Fig – 5 Arduino Uno

• Pin Configuration of Arduino UNO

• Vin - This is the input voltage pin of the Arduino board used to
provide input supply from an external power source.
• 5V - This pin of the Arduino board is used as a regulated power
supply voltage and it is used to give supply to the board as well as
onboard components.
• 3.3V - This pin of the board is used to provide a supply of 3.3V
which is generated from a voltage regulator on the board.
• GND - This pin of the board is used to ground the Arduino board.
• Reset - This pin of the board is used to reset the microcontroller. It
is used to Resets the microcontroller.
• Analog Pins - The pins A0 to A5 are used as an analog input and it
is in the range of 0-5V.
• Digital Pins - The pins 0 to 13 are used as a digital input or output
for the Arduino board.
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 Serial Pins - These pins are also known as a UART pin. It is used for
communication between the Arduino board and a computer or other
devices. The transmitter pin number 1 and receiver pin number 0 is used
to transmit and receive the data resp.
External Interrupt Pins - This pin of the Arduino board is used to
produce the External interrupt and it is done by pin numbers 2 and 3.
PWM Pins - These pins of the board are used to convert the digital
signal into an analog by varying the width of the Pulse. The pin numbers
3,5,6,9,10 and 11 are used as a PWM pin.
SPI Pins - This is the Serial Peripheral Interface pin, it is used to
maintain SPI communication with the help of the SPI library. SPI pins
include:
SS: Pin number 10 is used as a Slave Select
MOSI: Pin number 11 is used as a Master Out Slave In
MISO: Pin number 12 is used as a Master In Slave Out
SCK: Pin number 13 is used as a Serial Clock
LED Pin: The board has an inbuilt LED using digital pin-13. The LED
glows only when the digital pin becomes high.
AREF Pin: This is an analog reference pin of the Arduino board. It is
used to provide a reference voltage from an external power supply.
2.2.2. ESP8266 – Wi-Fi Module
The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self-contained SOC within an
integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller
access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting
an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from
another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-
programmed with an AT command set firmware, meaning, you can
simply hook this up to your Arduino device and get about as much
WiFi-ability as a WiFi Shield offers (and that’s just out of the box)! The
ESP8266 module is an extremely cost-effective board with a huge, ever
-growing, community.

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 Fig – 6 ESP8266 WiFi Module
Pin Configuration

Some features of ESP8266

• Low cost, compact and powerful Wi-Fi Module
• Power Supply: +3.3V only
• Current Consumption: 100mA
• I/O Voltage: 3.6V (max)
• I/O source current: 12mA (max)
• Built-in low power 32-bit MCU @ 80MHz
• 512kB Flash Memory
• Can be used as Station or Access Point or both combined0
• Supports Deep sleep (<10uA)

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 • Supports serial communication hence compatible with many
development platform like Arduino
• Can be programmed using Arduino IDE or AT-commands or Lua
Script
2.2.3. DHT11(Temperature & Humidity sensor)
The DHT-11 Digital Temperature and Humidity Sensor is a basic, ultra-
low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive
humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and spits
out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed).

Fig DHT11(Temperature & Humidity Sensor)

2.2.4 Rain Sensor with module

A rain sensor is one kind of switching device which is used to detect the
rainfall. It works like a switch and the working principle of this sensor is,
whenever there is rain, the switch will be normally closed.

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 Fig – 9 Rain Sensor with Module
Rain Sensor Module
The rain sensor module/board is shown below. Basically, this board
includes nickel coated lines and it works on the resistance principle. This
sensor module permits to gauge moisture through analog output pins & it
gives a digital output while the moisture threshold surpasses. This module
is similar to the LM393 IC because it includes the electronic module as
well as a PCB. Here PCB is used to collect the raindrops. When the rain
falls on the board, then it creates a parallel resistance path to calculate
through the operational amplifier.

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 Fig – 10 Rain Module
. Pin Configuration
The pin configuration of this sensor is shown below. This sensor includes
four pins which include the following.
Pin1 (VCC): It is a 5V DC pin
Pin2 (GND): it is a GND (ground) pin
Pin3 (DO): It is a low/ high output pin
Pin4 (AO): It is an analog output pin
3.5.2. Specification of Rain Sensor
This sensor module uses good quality double-sided material.
Anti-conductivity & oxidation with long time use
The area of this sensor includes 5cm x 4cm and can be built with a nickel
plate on the side
The sensitivity can be adjusted by a potentiometer
The required voltage is 5V
The size of the small PCB is 3.2cm x 1.4cm
For easy installation, it uses bolt holes
It uses an LM393 comparator with wide voltage
The output of the comparator is a clean waveform and driving capacity is
above 15mA.
2.2.5 LCD Display
A Liquid Crystal Display commonly abbreviated as LCD is basically a
display unit built using Liquid Crystal technology. When we build real
life/real world electronics - based projects, we need a medium/device to
display output values and messages. The most basic form of electronic
display available is 7 Segment displays – which has its own limitations.
The next best available option is Liquid Crystal Displays which comes in
different size specifications. Out of all available LCD modules in market,
the most commonly used one is 16×2 LCD Module which can display 32

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 ASCII characters in 2 lines. To establish a good communication between
human world and machine world, display units play an important role.
And so, they are an important part of embedded systems. Display units -
big or small, work on the same basic principle. Besides complex display
units like graphic displays and 3D display, one must know working with
simple displays like 16x1 and 16x2 units.

Fig – 11 16*2 LCD Display

2.3.1 Firmware:-
Firmware plays a crucial role in an IoT-based weather reporting system
as it enables the various components of the system to communicate with
each other and operate seamlessly. The firmware is a type of software
that is embedded into hardware components and is responsible for
controlling their functions.
In an IoT-based weather reporting system, the firmware would be
responsible for managing the sensors that collect weather data, storing the
data, and transmitting it to the cloud for further analysis. It would also

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 manage the communication between the various components of the
system, including the sensors, microcontrollers, and gateways.

The firmware would need to be designed to handle the unique

requirements of a weather reporting system, such as collecting and
transmitting data in real-time, managing power consumption, and
ensuring the accuracy of the data collected by the sensors. It would also
need to be designed to be scalable, so that it can accommodate additional
sensors or components as needed.
Overall, the firmware is a critical component of an IoT-based weather
reporting system, and it must be designed and implemented with care to
ensure the system operates reliably and accurately.
2.3.2 Cloud Platform:-
A cloud platform can be very beneficial in an IoT-based weather
reporting system. Here are some of the advantages:
Scalability: A cloud platform can easily scale up or down to meet the
changing needs of an IoT-based weather reporting system. As the number
of sensors and devices increases, the cloud platform can easily handle the
increased traffic and storage requirements.

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 2. Data storage: The cloud platform can provide a centralized location
for storing all the data collected from the weather sensors. This makes it
easy to access and analyze the data, as well as provide historical records
2.3.3 APIs: APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
A real-time weather information system is an urgent need in
characterizing qualitative data. It can provide accurate weather minute
data based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The present weather reporting
system is developed using the REST API technique to detect and provide
information on climatic changes associated with air quality using
different web sources. The used method has the ability to extract the API
member set and is supported by an efficient searching interface. The
proposed method observes significant searchability of API member sets
by using inclusion graphs and is automatically extracted from the source
code. The proposed method incorporates four sites to compare and select
the proper state of air pollution. Moreover, the system is able to provide
an alert message to specify the weather conditions in real time from the
Real-Time Air Quality index, IQAir, AirNow, and BreezoMeter. The
system has successfully shown real-time information on the weather of a
particular place with efficiency and usability responses.
2.3.4 User Interface
A measurement of physical quantities requires the right technique to do it. This is
done to obtain the characteristics of the system and an accurate measuring sensor.
With accurate measurements, the quality of a sensor or measurement system can be
known precisely. Educational methods about measuring and calibrating a
measuring instrument and control require practical and relevant media to be
implemented directly in the field. This article discusses the devising of an Internet
of Things (IoT)-based system to measure, read and process the physical quantities
of weather conditions. The weather conditions mentioned are; temperature and
humidity, intensity of sunlight, rainfall, also wind speed and direction. The reading
of these quantities was carried out with analog and digital sensors integrated with
the ESP 8266 microcontroller. This sensory system was placed in the field station.
The results of reading and processing on the microcontroller are uploaded to the
online server. A client system, called a base station, requests periodic sensor data
to the server. The results of data acquisition are then processed again in Raspberry
Pi media to be displayed in layers and stored in Excel form. The results of this
study can be used for calibration media analog and digital sensors that can measure
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 the quantities measured by weather stations. Stored data can also be used as a
learning medium Measurement analysis and characterization of measuring
instruments.
CHAPTER :-3
ALGORITHM
Source Code
3.1. DHT11 with Arduino
#include <SimpleDHT.h>
// for DHT11,
// VCC: 5V or 3V
// GND: GND
// DATA: 3
int pinDHT11 = 3;
SimpleDHT11 dht11(pinDHT11);
void setup() {
// start working...
Serial.println("Temperature and Humidity Data");
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// read without samples.
byte temperature = 0;
byte humidity = 0;
int err = SimpleDHTErrSuccess;
if ((err = dht11.read(&temperature, &humidity, NULL)) !=
SimpleDHTErrSuccess) {
Serial.print("Read DHT11 failed, err=");
Serial.print(SimpleDHTErrCode(err));
Serial.print(","); Serial.println(SimpleDHTErrDuration(err));
delay(1000);
return;
}
Serial.print((int)temperature); Serial.print(" *C, ");
Serial.print((int)humidity); Serial.println(" H");
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 // DHT11 sampling rate is 1HZ.
delay(1500);
}
3.2. Rain Sensor With Arduino
void setup() {
// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
Serial.begin(9600);
}
28
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
// read the input on analog pin 0:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
// print out the value you read:
Serial.println(sensorValue);
delay(1); // delay in between reads for stability
}
3.3 ESP8266 with Rain Sensor via Blynk
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
char auth[] = "P4pODDBKIyHrzw2YJW5g6Bfc8-H1bWqa";
char ssid[] = "ASUS_X00TD";
char pass[] = "suvadip1998";
BlynkTimer timer;
void moisture() {
int rainSensor = analogRead(A0);
rainSensor = map(rainSensor, 0, 1023, 0, 350);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, rainSensor);
Serial.println(rainSensor);
}
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 void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
timer.setInterval(350, moisture);
}
void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
3.4. ESP8266 via Blynk App
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_BMP085.h>
#include <Blynk.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
Adafruit_BMP085 bmp;

float temp, pressure, Altitude, Sealevel;

char auth[] = "8LU16RepIbHVm0gt7-9-XMz9l-rwXjsS";
char ssid[] = "Dlink";
char pass[] = "Pabitra1999";
void setup()
{

Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
Serial.print("Connecting.....");
while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
delay(500);
Serial.print("Waiting to connect WiFi\n");
}
Serial.print("WiFi is connected \n");

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 Serial.print(WiFi.localIP());
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

if (!bmp.begin())
{
Serial.println("Could not find a valid BMP085 sensor, check
wiring!");
while (1)
{

}
}
void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
temp = bmp.readTemperature();
pressure = bmp.readPressure();
Sealevel = bmp.readSealevelPressure();
Altitude = bmp.readAltitude();
Blynk.virtualWrite(V6, temp);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V7, pressure);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V8, Sealevel);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V9, Altitude);

Serial.print("Temperature = ");
Serial.print(bmp.readTemperature());
Serial.println(" *C");
Serial.print("Pressure = ");
Serial.print(bmp.readPressure());
Serial.println(" Pa");
Serial.print("Altitude = ");
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 Serial.print(bmp.readAltitude());
Serial.println(" meters");
Serial.print("Pressure at sealevel (calculated) = ");

Serial.print(bmp.readSealevelPressure());
Serial.println(" Pa");

Serial.println();

}
3.5 ESP8266 with DHT11 via Blynk App
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TemplateID"
#define BLYNK_DEVICE_NAME "Temperature Alert"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "Auth Token"
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
#include <DHT.h>
char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "WiFi Username"; // type your wifi name
char pass[] = "WiFi Password"; // type your wifi password
#define DHTPIN 2 // Mention the digital pin where you
connected
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
BlynkTimer timer;
void sendSensor(){
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature(); // or
dht.readTemperature(true) for Fahrenheit
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");

return;
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 }
Serial.println(t);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V6, h);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, t);
Serial.print("Temperature : ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" Humidity : ");
Serial.println(h);
if(t > 30){
// Blynk.email("[email protected]", "Alert", "Temperature
over 28C!");
Blynk.logEvent("temp_alert","Temp above 30 degree");
}
}
void setup(){
Serial.begin(115200);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
dht.begin();
timer.setInterval(2500L, sendSensor);
}
void loop(){
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
}

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 Chapter :- 4
Implementation

4.1. Prototype mode of the system -

Fig – 12 Hardware Circuit

4.2. Implementation of Hardware –
Ease of monitoring your local weather conditions in real time from
anywhere in the world. For storing weather and environment data for
short and long term for studying weather pattern changes and to
understand how human induced climate change affected your local
weather.Easy deployment of the setup for monitoring local atmospheric
conditions and microclimates for weather forecasting and prediction.
Farmers need to know the temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture,
rain fall etc. to enhance their crop production and the following type of
sensors are utilized to obtain the data:Temperature sensor.Humidity /
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 hygrometer sensor.Soil moisture sensor.Rain sensor etc. For an airplane
pilot he/she needs to know wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric
pressure, precipitation, visibility etc. before they takeoff and they use the
following sensors:
Barometric sensor – for measuring atmospheric pressure.
Anemometer – for measuring wind speed.
Rain sensor.

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 CHAPTER :- 5
OBSERVATION & RESULT

5.1. Experimental Analysis along with Results

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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sagar Institute of Science and
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 CHAPTER :- 6
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
6.1. Conclusion
By keeping the weather station in the environment for monitoring enables
self-protection (i.e., smart environment) to the environment. To
implement this we need to use the sensor devices in the environment for
collecting the data and analysis. By using sensor devices in the
environment, we can bring the environment into real life. Then the
collected data and analysis results will be available to the user through the
Wi-Fi. The smart way to monitor the environment an efficient, low-cost
embedded system is presented in this paper. It also sent the sensor
parameters to the cloud. This data will be helpful for future analysis and it
can be easily shared to other users also. This model can be expanded to
monitor the developing cities and industrial zones for pollution
monitoring. To protect the public health from pollution, this model
provides an efficient and low-cost solution for continuous monitoring of
environment.
6.2. Future Scope
One can implement a few more sensors and connect it to the satellite as a
global feature of this system. Adding more sensors to monitor other
environmental parameters such as CO2, Pressure and Oxygen Sensor. In
aircraft, navigation and the military there is a great scope of this real-time
system. It can also be implemented in hospitals or medical institutes for
the research & study in “Effect of Weather on Health and Diseases”,
hence to provide better precaution alerts.

CHAPTER - 7

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 REFERENCES
[1]. Mary Nsabagwaa, Maximus Byamukamab, Emmanuel Kondelaa,
“Towards a robust and affordable Automatic Weather Station “, journal
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[2]. Ravi Kishore Kodali and Snehashish Mandal “IoT Based Weather
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Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT) 978-1-
5090- 5240-0/16/$31.00, IEEE, (2016).
[3]. Ravi Kishore Kodali and Archana Sahu “An IoT based Weather
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Index Copernicus Value (2015): 78.96, 2015

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 [8]. Nutant Sabharwal, Rajesh Kumar, Abhishek Thakur, Jitender Sharma
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24, 2011, 978-1-4577-1500- 6/11/$26.00, IEEE, 2011
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Final Year UG Students, Dept. of CSE, Srinivas School Of Engineering,
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[12]. IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring System, Mourvika Shirode,
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Biradar, Trupti Mate, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
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Things-IoT
[14]. Girija C Department of Electronics and Communication, NIEIT,
Andreanna Grace
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 ShiresDepartment of Electronics and Communication, NIEIT, Mysuru
Internet of Things (IoT) based Weather, International Journal of
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[16]. Arduino Based Weather Monitoring System. AUTHOR: Karthik
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